687 lines
112 KiB
XML
687 lines
112 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="36302A1F371F32FA330A9C9DDBB12681">Taxonomy of Afrotropical and West Palaearctic ants of the ponerine genus Hypoponera Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4430725CF5E935981125CD58F2146D05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191108" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100115062" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191108" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4430725CF5E935981125CD58F2146D05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4430725CF5E935981125CD58F2146D05" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<paragraph id="F443FF7723AB8CAD3C089DDC2BACD82E" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="117BDEC7CD576EE76400C53863196C38" ID-CoL="3NY46" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 97
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102)
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9E86EE8B90D7303945B57CC36496F214" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0A8598F1C239980244FA1EC5C252D3CE" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="1F0AC3590AC78BA5AA357810973F8BAC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Ponera punctatissima Roger</taxonomicName>
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, 1859: 246, pl. 7, fig. 7. Syntype workers and queen, POLAND: Rauden (now Rudy, Opole Prov.) and GERMANY: Berlin, in hothouses (Roger) (MNHN) [examined]. [Combination in
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<taxonomicName id="EA5A277A16468F49943AA3E35974F41D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
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: Taylor, 1967: 12.] (See note 1.)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D7AA7E58E0122087AC01D7E821FDD81" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="8A40D760CBB8111A56CB36D3E3ABA7C0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera androgyna Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="androgyna">Ponera androgyna Roger</taxonomicName>
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, 1859: 246 (footnote). Syntype ergatoid males (not workers), POLAND: Rauden (now Rudy, Opole Prov.) (Roger) (ZMHB) [not seen]. [Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="52D3F011F3F2548FA3A201394018B4C3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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: Emery & Forel, 1879: 455; Seifert, 2003: 69.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7686956092805257B37506728E877D8B" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="37CAD6415F5CF076969E6984B6BFB6EA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138894" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera tarda Charsley" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarda">Ponera tarda Charsley</taxonomicName>
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, 1877: 162. Syntype workers and queen, GREAT BRITAIN: Oxford, 1877 (R.S. Charsley) (OXUM) [not seen]. [Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="FC28B8E82BE4EFBCDAF08F23B694679E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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: Dalla Torre, 1893: 41; Seifert, 2003: 69.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F287F355478C688D841CB2C49C35A8C" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="CC175253DABE5240F6D0AF87202F461B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:179465" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima jugata Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="punctatissima" subSpecies="jugata">Ponera punctatissima r. jugata Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1892: 251. Holotype queen, MADAGASCAR: Prov.
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<normalizedToken id="592DA83DC32A356B11B5177F40A6018C" originalValue="d’Imerina" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">d'Imerina</normalizedToken>
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(Sikora) (MHNG) [not seen]. [Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 39. Reverted to subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="A1EA958558B97C086E3AB152EB124B11" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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: Emery, 1899: 268. Combination in
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<taxonomicName id="C119AF698FD7D0DDEA1B9FA7CC2C0005" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
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: Bolton, 1995: 215. Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="1DE1661D6A2601DBE4B74FA2A8F75F1D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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: Seifert, 2003: 69.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AEDE7C31509D1E237BE11D135D91BD29" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="DD66E54CD0B883D29A58C804FC92A219" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138807" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ergatandria Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ergatandria">Ponera ergatandria Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1893: 365. Syntype workers, queens and ergatoid male, SAINT VINCENT I. (Antilles): 41b (H.H. Smith). (MHNG, BMNH) [BMNH ergatoid male examined]. [Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="DBDBAA8D654E12E82F471622A5BBB9C1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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: Taylor, 1968: 65. Revived status as species and combination in
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<taxonomicName id="65585454240492F1060969550DADAD26" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
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: Kempf, 1972: 122. Reverted to junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="C942823A53D8F1B6CD288F845E9B45A7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1343, here confirmed.] (See note 2).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="99DDEB0BC1E03E06A097D3D839DDA112" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="00C4555830169C888662537B7839BE66" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138823" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera kalakauae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalakauae">Ponera kalakauae Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1899: 115. Syntype worker-queen intercaste (not worker) and queen, HAWAIIAN IS: Kauai I., Lahue, 2000 ft, vii.1896 (R.C.L. Perkins) (intercaste), and Honolulu (Oahu I.), xi.1896 (R.C.L. Perkins) (queen) (BMNH) [examined]. [Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="47FC2A3E25430306282CC93E25CD690C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29483" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera gleadowi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gleadowi">gleadowi</taxonomicName>
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: Wilson, 1958: 328. Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="CCDDFE329C27C02E45D449F4CCE835E4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 29 (in text).] (See note 3.)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D26FF766E69E9F22E166F745E0E32A3C" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName id="94D013AD068A24C2795A59941236B475" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:277258" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima schauinslandi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="punctatissima" subSpecies="schauinslandi">
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<pageBreakToken id="5FF7CC9889EC5674C04B20EBE1FD4594" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="start">Ponera</pageBreakToken>
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punctatissima subsp. schauinslandi Emery
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</taxonomicName>
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, 1899: 439. Syntype queens, HAWAIIAN IS: Laysan I. (now Laycan I.) (Schauinsland) (MSNG) [not seen] Syn. rev. [Combination in
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<taxonomicName id="053FF56ED5AA5DA9E1EAAE62FD1852BE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
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and junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="68CBD82C2A32CA9B0CEDD725B38EEB8E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 28. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Seifert, 2003: 69.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A9A0B29B44C5563C0A429C00300339FC" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName id="F32F5E9FBC2006DA74086DF9F8A03F47" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138773" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ergatandria subsp. bondroiti Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ergatandria" subSpecies="bondroiti">Ponera ergatandria subsp. bondroiti Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1911: 285. Syntype workers, queen and ergatoid male, BELGIUM: Bruxelles, Jardin Bot., xi.1909, 5.xi.1909, 15.xi.1909 (Bondroit) (MHNG) [not seen]
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3695939894BF96A88B158AE4754F7E7D" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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[Raised to species: Santschi, 1937b: 364. Combination in
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<taxonomicName id="FFC0624E97310C8D5334D569ED6468B8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
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: Onoyama, 1989: 2. Previously junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="9504576B26B6DFF180982940691FAB76" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:206985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera schauinslandi (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">schauinslandi</taxonomicName>
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: Seifert, 2003: 69.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="73CDF8499361370BFCB12D8987FF57C8" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C480B92FA51B830168F15212300DB28D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178403" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera dulcis aemula Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="dulcis" variety="aemula">Ponera dulcis var. aemula Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1911: 351. Lectotype and paralectotype workers (designated by Seifert, 2003: 68), TANZANIA: Kilimandjaro, zone des cultures, Kiboscho, 1400 m, 1904 (Ch. Alluaud) (NHMB) [examined]
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5DC8F1C7CE8226955B47FB7CBEC064C6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="950C1D6C516D320348F7FEE6247C427A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 213. Previously junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="355044C7B5AC8749E88B54A781202873" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:206985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera schauinslandi (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">schauinslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Seifert, 2003: 69.] (See note 4.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A657A92F5A1788AC932466804FD9B942" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF62051D27FADC6CA8B334450EB7C21A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:179230" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ergatandria cognata Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ergatandria" subSpecies="cognata">Ponera ergatandria st. cognata Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1912: 153. Syntype workers, ANGOLA: Benguela, Cucula (J. Cruchet) (NHMB) [examined].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C598E0AC2EE40F2E6E1A0E557512B1A" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Unresolved junior primary homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AEE02784D2FD902C330F3723EF8E2B5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141651" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera cognata Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognata">Ponera cognata Emery</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1896: 56 (now in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E5F1D73879FEDF33719BB97106B3B3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Raised to species: Bernard, 1953: 202. Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="879760B5D80AE5237C5E5E79C7A4F328" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 213.] (See note 5.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC39370CA5324D6E0BF9CEF2AFB5EC06" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47DC985E20C5ACE2D32C73C33393578B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138900" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ragusai var. sordida Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="ragusai" variety="sordida">Ponera ragusai var. sordida Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1914a: 54. Holotype worker, KENYA:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="722F3FBBC37C5C7B924B26C41D15AA8E" originalValue="région" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">region</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E1EBE16DADC17066D64673F4C825C9D4" originalValue="côtière" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">cotiere</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Shimoni, st. no. 9, xi.1911 (Alluaud& Jeannel) (NHMB) [examined].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B849486C750D6D9678239FE4F5155425" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45B4EEB2AAA6782DB0978554A478FDF0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 216.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A0813EF29FF3A3E25FB3F6B7DFF894DA" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="856CDBEA39E821FDF3B8D37F25736F8C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera incisa Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisa">Ponera incisa Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1914b: 320, fig. 8. Holotype ergatoid male (not worker), NIGERIA: Lagos (F. Silvestri) (not in NHMB, presumably in DEUN) [not seen].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="080FA3BB5BAF24C5C422B62311F8F389" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD4B3999092AB49FB94711808D44B42E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 214.] (See note 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F477A1DCA0C1C66BC34D3285C2D099E1" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C2BA2A677CB59E22B38645BBB09714" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:179308" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera sulcatinasis durbanensis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sulcatinasis" subSpecies="durbanensis">Ponera sulcatinasis r. durbanensis Forel</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1914: 213. Syntype workers, SOUTH AFRICA: Natal, Durban, 16.i.1914, no. 323 (G. Arnold) (MHNG) [examined].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6D46F85E9D038EDD656DDB48F4703DEB" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D7A08BA29DA5EEFFDCF5B2838B9F910" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 214.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="62603492E8445255A7AD14D5291780D2" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="897984531DE37AB84AB242BCC01FBCBE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:180048" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ergatandria petri Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ergatandria" subSpecies="petri">Ponera ergatandria r. petri Forel</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1916: 397. Holotype worker-queen intercaste (not worker), DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: St Gabriel (Kohl) (MHNG) [examined].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B8049F0B4A6CF0E835699568B12808D" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Raised to species: Santschi, 1938: 78. Combination in Hypoponera: Bolton, 1995: 216.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6DE95FC2945DBF6EC7451B8263AA0A34" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D866A7A6BCE4667E128F359F9B315D8A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138775" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera brevis Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Ponera brevis Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1921a: 113, fig. 1a-c. Holotype worker, BENIN (Dahomey on label): Porto Novo (Le Moult) (NHMB) [examined].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FC40F89DE504A20C16D675489C126963" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A07A63465EE465161B247DD5AEA7251" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 213.] (See note 7.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="733649698807312312D44B30020E529F" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C636D2D62240402DEFA046769125651C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima var. exacta Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="punctatissima" variety="exacta">Ponera punctatissima var. exacta Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1923: 134. Syntype workers, TUNISIA: Hammamet (Santschi) (NHMB, BMNH) [BMNH syntype examined]. [Junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23FC00AEF68180785858B29AA10A3E99" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 71; Seifert, 2003: 69.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C591607849180A218E43B176DF9102FC" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95D7EEB3EEB0F75B90DCFDF2103762BE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138857" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera mina Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mina">Ponera mina Wheeler</taxonomicName>
|
||
, W.M. 1927b: 131, fig. 2. Syntype workers, queens and ergatoid male, AUSTRALIA: Norfolk I., 1915 (A.M. Lea) (MCZC and possibly SAMA) [not seen]. [Junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2E27648E3C01314359B3AAA311A8154" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29483" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera gleadowi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gleadowi">gleadowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Wilson, 1958: 329. Revived from synonymy and combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87C089AF7A7C7A63755BC40BCDD0636A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 31. Junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3211AFBCC043CB83E41D591C2A0E6C10" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 29 (in text); Taylor, 1987: 30.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1EC563C714EBEB7D6EB606D1DFBA58D0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72A83F6A916F04E0277AAA30E967AEC4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138769" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera argonautorum Arnol'di" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argonautorum">Ponera argonautorum Arnol'di</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1932: 66, figs. 6, 7. Holotype queen, RUSSIA: Black Sea Coast, Anapa, 26.viii.1925, Nr. 422 (K.V.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9AD644292E27E89CEC9CA331652C5D1E" originalValue="Arnol’di" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Arnol'di</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (probably in ZMUM) [not seen].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C118C749152959CE7E1F00FD099EC8B1" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(provisional). [Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2DB7836C3A695745DEB1A48E0999B181" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995b: 213.] (See note 8.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D0143D3DACE9085C0AB2E950FB2A0F88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79948726CE97BC36F4A8335DCA31E15A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138824" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera mumfordi Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumfordi">Ponera mumfordi Wheeler</taxonomicName>
|
||
, W.M. 1933: 141. Syntype workers, FRENCH POLYNESIA: Marquesas Is, Uapou; Kohepu (Tekohepu) summit, alt. 3000 ft, 3.xi.1931 (LeBronnec) (probably in MCZC) [not seen]. [Junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCE9F6378E494080EAD0444AF616C757" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138822" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera gleadowi Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gleadowi">gleadowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Wilson, 1958: 328. Junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="904C8C278D4090E5525869C011D7EC4E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 29 (in text).]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65D64A4B9BF8F71F6D6F690E7DDD73C3" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA02F2709C579E7CE60CD021096E055E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138856" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera mesoepinotalis Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoepinotalis">Ponera mesoepinotalis Weber</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1942: 44, fig. 4. Holotype worker, SUDAN: Imatong Mts, 2.viii.1939, 6400 ft, no. 1395 (N.A. We b e r) (not in MCZC, presumed lost)
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E3EF6FFBF27F4C4FCE6F592C213530" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E826161E6DA8B464A4E39B3B1B91897F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 215.] (See note 9.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AEBBEAA2F5CE69199E4BDF6D97CE29AE" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B456C65AD0FD632A4E24529C32486DA0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138774" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera breviceps Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">Ponera breviceps Bernard</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1953: 202, fig. 3A. LECTOTYPE dealate queen (by present designation) and two paralectotype dealate queens, GUINEA: Nimba (Lamotte) (MNHN) [examined].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5D2F3BD3B9A0A3459EBEC3B4836D3BB1" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD04CAFF165757F504E1E2F2E7246D0D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 213.] (See note 10.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="57B36E30D12A71BFED644A14A1016F53" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48A64E1CD6E04681704D79C7A2274FB6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ursoidea Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ursoidea">Ponera ursoidea Bernard</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1953: 203, fig. 3C. LECTOTYPE worker-queen intercaste (not worker) (by present designation), GUINEA:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C6A10F08E376692DCEB1EE27A4F7A38B" originalValue="Crête" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Crete</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Nion, 1300 m. (no
|
||
<normalizedToken id="81B1B1EC89EBC0D5F7197EA6FE056CD9" originalValue="collector’s" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">collector's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name, probably Lamotte) (MNHN) [examined].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CC162EE40D427021F87F58E3FC50348" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F9269BC78AD04F05A1FDB7658549633" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 216.] (See note 11.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D75BB61FDED4665D654A2B0B1F1E3FC" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5D3339E0146417A5A4ED8A18455C740" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138925" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera sulcitana Stefani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcitana">Ponera sulcitana Stefani</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1970: 1, figs. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B366B26FCB10BDA6699CE625A640EFC2" originalValue="–" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
12. Holotype worker; paratype workers, queens and ergatoid male, ITALY: Sardinia, Grotta dei Fiori presso Carbonia (A. Serra) (IZUC) [not seen]
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="48461A1E2FE80627E098A18063C98EF7" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1457BA0E1533255A810A19514447F2F2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bolton, 1995: 216.] (See note 12.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADA9533A30A05C24FF89431C79A6D4BF" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="54B046A3B8199F7C4A0EEC7E715D1D8D" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">NOTES.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="89DA342E58B6245370E6F091388294EA" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
1 Seifert (2003) refers to each of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A196B9F79C2727902D98FB92CC1A89F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
type-specimens he examined as a paralectotype. While there seems no doubt that the material originated in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BC204E36FB9EC9600580B31CB7433882" originalValue="Roger’s" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Roger's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection and is type-material, no trace of a lectotype designation can be found. Therefore the two MNHN specimens examined here, and those recorded by Seifert as present in ZMHB and DEIC, revert to syntype status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B9A9BD1245988A5835B6E1E5EEB1B25F" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
2 The BMNH ergatoid male has the data:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F20793A1505E7E603B136557261F807D" originalValue="“41b”" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">"41b"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="259F51E75315A6417D7D421677A0000E" originalValue="“" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="636CA661AAF326701A2794134E499CBA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138807" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ergatandria Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ergatandria">Ponera ergatandria Forel</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male type, St. Vincent
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A7178196A06B531509D4C9235A230B73" originalValue="”" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. This is certainly a minor ergatoid male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7196073031FBFEEC907591AD4DC18978" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
(yellow, eyeless and with 12 antennal segments). In the publication, Forel (1893) gives the following localities for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21FCC269A554850EBD72EAFD01C421FA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138807" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ergatandria Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ergatandria">ergatandria</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all of which are syntypes. 41a: Bowwood Valley, nr Kingston, 800 ft, 15.x.; 41b: Islet fronting
|
||
<normalizedToken id="855E066D37DE044ADC75CBC58DDF8BE6" originalValue="Châteaubelais" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Chateaubelais</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay, 31.x.; 41c: Richmond Estate, 31.x.; 41d: Villa Estate, south end of island, 14.x.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E41183A15A6B0D5348EC11FB0C072E5" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
3 Wilson (1958: 328-329) recorded the names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="321B8E272A628500722828C3010A9B7A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:277257" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera gleadowi decipiens Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decipiens">decipiens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="586BA187115FF26B419DFAF915B41336" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138823" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera kalakauae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalakauae">kalakauae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08300386AEF7CCF50FF2A7C14ECFFD96" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138857" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera mina Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mina">mina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4FE3B211DB6E23C9FCF83CE78D8B28D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138824" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera mumfordi Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumfordi">mumfordi</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3659964A7DE04EDFA0839613FD221580" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29483" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera gleadowi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gleadowi">gleadowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the text of Wilson & Taylor (1967: 29) all these names were transferred to the synonymy of punctatissima
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="12A73EB1F173A84012216C364ED354A3" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
|
||
but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C7D408B14A7877FADB2BFAFA92241B0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:277257" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera gleadowi decipiens Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decipiens">decipiens</taxonomicName>
|
||
was later reverted to the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0751A281EBCAF2D3F1BF01251E9C6425" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29483" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera gleadowi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gleadowi">gleadowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Onoyama (1989) following his examination of its holotype. These transfers of synonymy were inadvertently omitted from the Bolton (1995) catalogue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="52DB6327067665FF38B820EC50C63DA5" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
4 The short history of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="506BC310D2935DB05BC4B5D3EDBA2C24" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178403" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera dulcis aemula Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aemula">aemula</taxonomicName>
|
||
amply illustrates the confused nature of the early taxonomy of Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="624D64D3F6323DD45D20C0078646963E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When introduced,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EC9CE86DFD59A784B5AD5470B243D30" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149880" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera dulcis aemula (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aemula">aemula</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as an infraspecific form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72569639312A797713D600082AD5931E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29471" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera dulcis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dulcis">dulcis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA14D30A90BE565230865A65965CC7A8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29471" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="60263" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera dulcis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dulcis">H. dulcis</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. At its next appearance (Santschi, 1914a: 53)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D554EC5C8032C283F0C167D5B154366" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149880" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera dulcis aemula (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aemula">aemula</taxonomicName>
|
||
had become an infrasubspecific name attached to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B48DD024B6DEEC23ED8B830ECE48C77E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178402" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera coarctata boerorum Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="coarctata" subSpecies="boerorum">coarctata subsp. boerorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first of these names is now in a separate genus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E5196FE13330A630E4FFEC766F5E3E1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24845" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CBF1E4C0847EBFB222AD884728FD64E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29452" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera boerorum (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerorum">boerorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF941702517E2866E355E7538F8202C5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29452" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="60371" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera boerorum (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerorum">H. boerorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. The first critical examination of the syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5732E9593887B7AFA575B48DA83013C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149880" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera dulcis aemula (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aemula">aemula</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by Seifert (2003), placed it firmly in what is now the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="511914BAB04C61364AD6DD103E6DBED9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="1188" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">H. punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, which is confirmed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA70C4D72BF90B6F556D75FBB1FC4C19" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
5 In the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C0E515AA48F0526DF701599F6B14774" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141651" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera cognata Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognata">cognata, Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
mentions three workers, with the data recorded above. Of these, two are normally mounted and the head of the third is mounted on a small perspex slide, without any remnants of its body. In NHMB are two more workers, also labelled as
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0003EBA9E6B1082DEDA26692C4C025D2" originalValue="“types”" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"types"</normalizedToken>
|
||
but from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="64CD7BA696EB8B190E5F5F2E62BE9D2E" originalValue="“" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Benguela, Caconda (Cruchet)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D224D3F38B4A0540FE9AA6E947BD48FF" originalValue="”" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. These are identical to the Cucula specimens, but because they were not mentioned in the original description they have no type-status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1DE9E42E283E2345DD23361EA65DDB3E" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
6 The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B754CC03C1B10AFC44BDF14462248FF0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera incisa Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisa">incisa</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not among
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9731D6C0D148F81F959203450BE9A6FD" originalValue="Santschi’s" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Santschi's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection in NHMB. If it still exists it is probably in the Silvestri collection at Portici (DEUN), which is not currently available. The original description gives the holotype as a worker, but it seems most likely that it is really an ergatoid male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F1187F91CD5A2625046F0211548626" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Characters noted or figured by Santschi that point towards this identification include: extremely short scapes (from the drawing SI ca 65; measured ergatoid males SI 68
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2ACF9AB3721E2C9615831D5657A56059" originalValue="–" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
72), coupled with worker-like mandibles; large, rectangular, worker-like head; metanotal groove sharp and deep; gastral segments somewhat enlarged. Unfortunately the apical gastral segments are missing from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F235BA202BCBE29D039879153FEC50AA" originalValue="Santschi’s" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Santschi's</normalizedToken>
|
||
drawing, which may imply that they are absent from the specimen. But the description and figure suggest most strongly that the holotype is an ergatoid male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB5250C9AAF59DDBB6329849AE66A58E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is also interesting to note that on the same page Santschi (1914b: 320) recorded a queen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41014BF5C500D69173D6A87C7086A5CC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected from the same locality as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="986C9721B13488A47CE977BD81EB06E6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera incisa Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisa">incisa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A9A4EAD6F2349C7B0AB37C533052F5C7" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
7 The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFA0C63413AF0CB01CFE8B78F3CC1B82" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138775" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera brevis Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">brevis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in reasonable condition but is flat-mounted on card and much of the lower and posterior petiole, and the base of the gaster, are obscured by glue. Several characters noted by Santschi in the original description and figures are misleading. For instance, the metanotal groove is not shown in his fig. 1c, but in the text it is stated as present and it is conspicuous on the holotype. The propodeum is not marginate between the declivity and the sides. The lower petiole is obscured not only by glue but by the position of the legs. However, the node in profile appears to taper slightly towards the apex and is not
|
||
<normalizedToken id="506B22AABB1EA3AA1D1E1589D0405FFC" originalValue="“" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
as thick at the summit as at the base
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B77E4640FFC8A8AB42FFB6DE2B214106" originalValue="”" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1618B96A0A593A43DDCDBD2CF6CE6EBB" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
8
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F269295B63A16F82E59B235311B3158A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138769" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera argonautorum Arnol'di" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argonautorum">Ponera argonautorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
was provisionally described as new by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B47ECE84836E04AF747C1B5BE9FC6481" originalValue="Arnol’di" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Arnol'di</normalizedToken>
|
||
, based on a single alate queen discovered flying in a garden at Anapa, on the Russian north-east coast of the Black Sea. Its holotype has not been examined but it seems obvious, from the description and figures, that this is a queen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0926614119A7127D76E3C116D2D1A5B6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is provisionally synonymised here to draw attention to our opinion, until the holotype can be examined in detail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B153226F604D7BF6ACA7924B84379FFF" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
9 Stefan Cover (MCZC) informs us that although the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33057864DB40F2F5AC10E359811A669C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138856" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera mesoepinotalis Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoepinotalis">mesoepinotalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is noted in the MCZC typeregister, the specimen has disappeared from the collection and cannot be found.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2F3A33922CC10533322F9C3BA5A8B2A3" originalValue="Weber’s" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Weber's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description and figure are sufficient to place the name with considerable confidence as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BCF73154DBD99D85F59D4FDEF8E8E23" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D2514900348A48ACAD6999F48AC34F5" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="56C3D7322799790DE24EFB6FD065DBC0" originalValue="Bernard’s" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Bernard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
syntype series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="139886D7F02977A83A999AD1ED55B89C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138774" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera breviceps Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">breviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
consisted of four specimens mounted on two pins. The upper specimen on the first pin is a dealate queen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9D6763804637A8E98B86E95224AFDC6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with its gaster detached and mounted separately. The lower specimen on this pin is a headless male of a small species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="767EC6FA44157DDDE421CC0391C3E83E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Leptogenys Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptogenys</taxonomicName>
|
||
; its pectinate pretarsal claw is clearly visible on the right foreleg. This pin bears three additional labels, as follows:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F3B485624B17CEFD0F365F3F4A575110" originalValue="“" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Queen lectotype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2C81A0EB82B61EA086EC4F6BF8C78AA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138774" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera breviceps Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">Ponera breviceps Ber.</taxonomicName>
|
||
Designated by R.W. Taylor, 10 Aug. 63
|
||
<normalizedToken id="193B7B5386C63CE69935BCD359953695" originalValue="”" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6DE755BA1FC260A7349E329BEEAADF24" originalValue="“" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A06CE99B1B1CF97BD95CEC9E52111311" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Leptogenys Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptogenys</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. male det. R.W. Taylor, 10 Aug. 63
|
||
<normalizedToken id="853C8792C6E60B98CD1913A35EA7A39D" originalValue="”" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="030B3A3ED0FA29AEA73EA4BFFBB42638" originalValue="“" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Synonym of Ponera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FA17394585E5E12DC1A4786F63E6DF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138822" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera gleadowi Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gleadowi">gleadowi Forel</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Det. R.W. Taylor, 10 Aug. 63
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8189B80A19E8F53E5974CCAA352752FF" originalValue="”" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. On the second pin both specimens are dealate queens of punctatissima and bear a secondary label:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="732FC2175BF2E86BF50D37FB2818AE6B" originalValue="“" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paralectotypes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="196442A9AC4D05A6C6CDC7F3D79FD260" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138774" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera breviceps Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">Ponera breviceps Bern</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Designated by R.W. Taylor, 10 Aug. 63
|
||
<normalizedToken id="795D72A603ED1D32F8ADB206C986C325" originalValue="”" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E8C38CCCCB820D1AE4F1B3A112F3BFE7" originalValue="Taylor’s" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Taylor's</normalizedToken>
|
||
designations were never published and the lectotype designation is formalised here. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF809D2AE5170D7267C8C9832B7917FD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Leptogenys Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptogenys</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen is excluded from further consideration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0CDAA7D3CACA4BB9B1288C1C687010B3" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
11
|
||
<normalizedToken id="74845A85A273E18F8C6068C8DA8C9687" originalValue="Bernard’s" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Bernard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
syntype series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12A2FE04F0CE854F505AB5F4C288B347" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ursoidea Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ursoidea">ursoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
included three workers and a queen from Guinea:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="392E7A2CAFE0C5D87796AE293FD22D21" originalValue="Crête" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Crete</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Nion (all on one pin) and a single worker from Guinea: Nimba (Lamotte) on a second pin. On the first pin the top specimen belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FF5BF455589EE4D55D536A0AF39D423" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the two workers and the alate queen mounted below it are all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B92C554C3E18628569C02578A8311E4E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29471" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera dulcis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dulcis">dulcis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The worker on the Nimba pin is a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FD70B2144C1213197FA19B30C0C0D39D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29471" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera dulcis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dulcis">dulcis</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has the right side of its petiole scale damaged by indentation so that it is deformed.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A0663C5B7492EBB6F6BAC795D5C77267" originalValue="Bernard’s" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Bernard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description contains a mixture of characters from both species. The first pin bears two secondary labels:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D6627329574C33A7B939D050F3A36618" originalValue="“" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Lectotype (top specimen with marked pin) and paralectotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EC6E48724D4F0BC148EB52FDA22DD1E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ursoidea Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ursoidea">Ponera ursoidea Ber. Designated</taxonomicName>
|
||
by R.W. Taylor
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA20D3D22421A9CA04C1264CD5026695" originalValue="”" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F1684BBE47C8486DE481513E72A8549E" originalValue="“" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
A synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E12FC193C2EB483767DF7803BC6919F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138822" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera gleadowi Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gleadowi">Ponera gleadowi Forel</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Det. R.W. Taylor, 10 Aug. 63
|
||
<normalizedToken id="498FE9EFCFF5B137E9AF26A43CB35E31" originalValue="”" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The lectotype designation
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="703AC80B661FCC268911B63827AC4910" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" start="start">was</pageBreakToken>
|
||
never published by Taylor and is now formally established here. The remaining specimens, all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="001B457D3BAB1E807D0EC1A1467181DE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29471" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera dulcis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dulcis">dulcis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are hereby excluded from the type-series. One small point remains: the lectotype is not a worker but an intercaste, as indicated by its larger than worker-sized eye and the presence of a mesonotal-mesopleural suture, a character absent from genuine workers of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="236788F2BCEE461DBBC613FCB5D12C0E" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
12 There is nothing in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4DF93DD179C2CDFD564E2BA41F678192" originalValue="Stefani’s" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Stefani's</normalizedToken>
|
||
descriptions and figures of the various sexes and castes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D64181D3A4678D3D4BA369963B6BC39B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138925" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera sulcitana Stefani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcitana">sulcitana</taxonomicName>
|
||
that separates it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18D0FB4DE69621D8B3699C431BAB67D5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The worker description and drawings (figs. 1, 6, 11) show nothing that would detract from this conclusion, and the worker LPeI ca 50, estimated from his fig. 1, is within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8BFD1831C2E34EB100BB19E097CA2F5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DD684C7157098A33CB3E75D27B6D196D" originalValue="Stefani’s" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Stefani's</normalizedToken>
|
||
“apterous queen
|
||
<normalizedToken id="47097D14D3D1160FD2898BDFFA9F0328" originalValue="”" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(his fig. 3) appears to be a normal dealate gyne, not an intercaste, as the mesosoma seems to have a full complement of flight sclerites. His description and drawing of the ergatoid male makes the synonymy confident as the specimen is said to have 12 antennal segments, worker-like mandibles and minute eyes. Some years ago, Prof. Cesare Baroni Urbani (pers. com.) said that he had tried to obtain specimens from Stefani several times, but without success.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FB74FF096BF19FF4B0E93BE51FE55C1B" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="B243053ECE46564CBE6AFAD1EDA6A2A7" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="4802405A08813C4AAD74B38B3A415119" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
FIGURES 97
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F8471E3424B5643FDEFC07256A56304F" originalValue="–" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
99. Lateral, full face and dorsal view of body.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A911CE33DF34622383F0AEBA89519013" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Hypoponera punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker CASENT0226650.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="687183FA8586DAF4395D89F978FEFCE9" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="ADA03BCA95982DF417EBE7D7C6F3F129" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="50DD19BEBF1436AA66844CD989C4F2AA" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="start">FIGURES</pageBreakToken>
|
||
100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="846063E5675AD34D99FAF71C0438B429" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
102. Lateral, full face and dorsal view of body.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94450FD56BB217A1D23B31256A4E356A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Hypoponera punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
ergatoid male CASENT0055828.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FCCFBE0B9CF7F5C7D35477EF83723754" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="29099E637A354EC0D6B7B81A4F0D99FA" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
WORKER. Measurements: HL 0.56
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FEC10095FDDE33A7989E47AFCE939E72" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.72, HW 0.46
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E126B936EE4F9B4AD118AB79FD333435" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.60, HS 0.515
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F67895CF4F29B80B6951CAE27BC157CB" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.660, SL 0.35
|
||
<normalizedToken id="03788F6809D6918DB7D8B9250AA23103" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.48, PrW 0.33
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2628DC627C2EEBD8900BF03497606666" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.43, WL 0.70
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24FA3C31C203BB8F32875485B99278A7" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.90, HFL 0.36
|
||
<normalizedToken id="26C1E374AFA85CD17ADE01C07D4A112E" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.48, PeNL 0.14
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8C69E97DC6847DBB2392E153E40554D1" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.20, PeH 0.30
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E5725831ACA6ED8D394C4BE9C5228BA9" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.39, PeNW 0.22
|
||
<normalizedToken id="382B3F51F059C176166136C4F6DDAF10" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.29, PeS 0.223
|
||
<normalizedToken id="16BC6C2D20C27FFD7F94ADFDE8CAAEBE" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.290 (60 measured). Indices: CI 79
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39E5A6AC847F4419BB229CA618D57E13" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
87, SI 75
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9A8A94C9F74D08E7BB0A23D30BCE3A77" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
84, PeNI 63
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4307A568B7AA8EFDB3A00184B26DFBEE" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
74, LPeI 43
|
||
<normalizedToken id="513BA3932D858C70B763C87363DF20C1" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
53, DPeI 140
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E264D31DF2EE18723113E9C8D6DD2558" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
165.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D2B7FA6CCF56BB04D96FFC4B596F384D" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Eyes small but conspicuous, of 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E1B8B7A7A7C68398550ED1B1C23C592E" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
6 often poorly defined or partially fused ommatidia, located far forward on the side of the head. Impression that extends back along midline of head from the frontal lobes reaches at least the midlength of the vertex and usually further. Apex of scape, when laid straight back from its insertion, usually fails to reach or less commonly just touches the midpoint of the posterior margin in full-face view; SL/HL 0.62
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F2C1E706597A0DC9E2F097DC0E0B01F0" originalValue="–" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.70. Minute punctulate sculpture of cephalic dorsum extremely fine and superficial. Mesonotal-mesopleural suture absent. Metanotal groove deeply incised across dorsum of mesosoma; mesonotum with a well-defined posterior margin. Propodeal declivity rounds into the sides, without sharp marginations or carinae. In profile the anterior margination of the mesopleuron rounded to very bluntly angular behind base of anterior coxa; without a prominent sharp angle or tooth. Mesopleuron smooth and shining, at most with a few scattered punctures; usually with a small reticulate patch in the extreme posteroventral corner above the mesocoxa. Petiole in profile with the anterior and posterior faces of the node weakly convergent dorsally; node longer just above the anterior tubercle than at the dorsum
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="40058CE88AD894C6F4055C3BB186A7C2" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Sternite of petiole in profile a rounded lobe, without angles anteriorly or posteriorly. Maximum width of first gastral tergite in dorsal view less than the width of the second tergite at its midlength. Base of cinctus of second gastral tergite smooth and shining in dorsal view, without cross-ribs. Posttergite of second gastral segment, from posterior margin of cinctus to apex, much broader than long. Disc of second gastral tergite minutely punctulate, appearing weakly microreticulate in places. Full adult colour varies from dull brownish yellow to very dark brown or almost black. In general, workers at the bottom end of the size range given above tend to be lighter and the colour becomes darker with increasing size, but this is by no means an entirely consistent rule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DEF80C2DEA9308B89ADAFDA33FEA6C60" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Apart from variations in size and colour, all the worker material of this widely distributed species is morphologically uniform and answers the description above.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="035BED2B9D53EA514DDB1E49A7D5C906" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="1443" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">H. punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
is without doubt the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F086881387BC2AC2D07D04D5BE2BBDBA" originalValue="world’s" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">world's</normalizedToken>
|
||
most accomplished ponerine tramp-species. Its range incorporates all tropical and subtropical zoogeographical regions, including most oceanic islands, and it also penetrates well into the temperate zones of both hemispheres where it is frequently synanthropic; for a brief synopsis of world distribution see Delabie & Blard (2002); European distribution is summarised in Seifert (2003). As well as the usual workers and alate queens, it also produces worker-queen intercastes (ergatoids) and dimorphic large and small ergatoid males, but never the usual alate male form. Because of its tramping ability, oddly polymorphic sex/caste system and the considerable confusion about the taxonomy within the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDDAD49F1A7E872A5E7291974D960EDE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
has amassed an inordinately large synonymy. A glance at the synonymic synopsis above will illustrate how often intercastes and ergatoid males have been misinterpreted as workers of separate taxa by authors dating back to Roger (1859) and how often supposed infraspecific forms were incorrectly associated with other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2220AF862FB1AC7065ACB80A1BAD6E64" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="845F8943429F5D94037622BBF025E10C" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
In a recent analysis, Seifert (2003) reached the conclusion that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEC74CC1089F574027951E5416A3BF6B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
actually consisted of two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0A822742FBD28E43F826D1BB9588D9A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC04A2434472542F6F6A30F498FBAD6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:206985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera schauinslandi (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">schauinslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that were not distinguishable by standard morphology but could be separated by micro-morphometrics subjected to discriminant analysis. He concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F00D444CE1067712306664252F305139" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
had the junior synonyms
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71343D8F31F98B825DE8C97EA6221CE1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera androgyna Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="androgyna">androgyna</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B299A18E199FAE2DFBB9DF026122DCC0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima var. exacta Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exacta">exacta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0195598B619DC912F8610141D07D93FB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186862" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera jugata Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jugata">jugata</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23D22FC947CE518FBB88B497CDB124C5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138894" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera tarda Charsley" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarda">tarda</taxonomicName>
|
||
(of which only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83CC10B5B8B1AB60BC64CE97ACF09DC1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima var. exacta Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exacta">exacta</taxonomicName>
|
||
had not been previously proposed as a synonym), and that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD7622CE483F8AA4D8CF0AB3F586E2E7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:277258" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera punctatissima schauinslandi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">schauinslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBFEEE534A251DE2DE06633242239AEE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178403" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera dulcis aemula Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aemula">aemula</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9BE0DB9AA600919F400C7600A0E8A3A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:280083" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera bondroiti Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bondroiti">bondroiti</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He stated that he had examined type-material of all the available names that could probably represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33491FE0673E7ACCDC7508095434C44E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EA1F50BCDC7E4153680133795205CC0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:206985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera schauinslandi (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">schauinslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to ensure that no possible senior name remained unconsidered. Unfortunately, a quick glance at the synopsis above shows that many names associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378C2FA3D97D1CC037EFD82D38D880B2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
remained unexamined for the Afrotropical region, that several synonyms proposed by Wilson & Taylor (1967) had been omitted, and that one name from the latter publication has the same date as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B214D1B65894FC648D2C6CB1999A21D4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:206985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera schauinslandi (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">schauinslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is not surprising that Seifert failed to detect the Afrotropical relations as their identities could not possibly be assessed based solely on their often inadequate and frequently misleading original descriptions. Taken together, the Afrotropical type-material and the mass of other material examined here did not fall neatly into the two presumed species, or into any one of the two, which raises the possibility that either there are more than two extremely cryptic and virtually inseparable species currently confused here, or that there is only one somewhat variable genuine species present. The possibility remains strong that the discriminant functions applied by Seifert do not isolate discrete species, but rather indicate allopatric populations of the same species, or even different ecomorphs of a single species. The problem could not be completely resolved here, though the ecomorph possibility is favoured, so it was decided that the most parsimonious approach would be to regard all as a single species, under the earliest available name, until a complete analysis of all material, world-wide, becomes feasible. Whether this can be accomplished by morphometrics or must await a DNA analysis of various populations remains to be seen, but a dedicated study is certainly essential.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="61C0760268A3A34E9FFD2A1F7C7980EB" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Therefore, at present,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="004A3E3369DEE3BA3268D833FADFA075" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="3159" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">H. punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers are regarded as any specimen that possesses the characters of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="374E053486D25FAC4BDCCC79AD06FDA0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (see introduction) and fits the description above. Its worker-queen intercastes are very worker-like but have larger eyes (usually 10 to about 20 ommatidia) and a developed mesonotal-mesopleural suture that is absent in the worker. Ergatoid males fall into major (larger, brown and with small eyes present, Figs 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BA685EDD0F444653B6C0ED4DFF78357D" originalValue="–" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
102) and minor (smaller, yellow and eyeless) categories (Yamauchi, et al. 1996) and are again very worker-like, especially in head structure, but have shorter scapes (SI 68
|
||
<normalizedToken id="47D787398393392E1A80243B00687088" originalValue="–" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
72), only 12-segmented antennae (as do workers, intercastes and queens), and of course fully developed but retractile male genitalia. Alate males have never been seen and it is probably now safe to say are never produced. True queens are alate, with much larger eyes (obviously>50 ommatidia) that have short setae projecting between the ommatidia, and have a full complement of flight sclerites on the mesosoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3C1BAB3F07B3694B895F224D6543AE" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
A closely related species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3B1994A46C9CDA8EF8C18EF3079DE81" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ragusai Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ragusai">ragusai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been confused (under the name of its junior synonym,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95073E94D2D82C9FB9E05ABD8A3EE991" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29483" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera gleadowi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gleadowi">gleadowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AD414D394DF414CF5B3D9805A0F871E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the past (e.g. Wilson, 1958).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C06003AE6357653BFC09FFEDEBED9028" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29538" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="2191" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ragusai">H. ragusai</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much the same sex/caste system as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABF97E0000EDADC0B7F411E5BAAF2407" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="1520758E950E9610F795B785CA648429" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" start="start">including</pageBreakToken>
|
||
monomorphic ergatoid males which have 13-segmented antennae, as is most frequently the case in male ants. This species is very uncommon in the Afrotropical region and indeed seems rare everywhere. In general the worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAF4789F466BB3B72CA5C7F806C23B77" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ragusai Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ragusai">ragusai</taxonomicName>
|
||
is small and yellowish. Its petiole in profile is lower and longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="440ED09B7CCADC3E811DFCEDB9084E4A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in dorsal view its petiole node is longer in relation to its width than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F87C9700639A143C300532C19BF4C885" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For detailed comparative notes see under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E051C9A4DACF559BBE22AD6CF32EC5A5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ragusai Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ragusai">ragusai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="99C135C25DFF536F827549E214107588" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
One other Afrotropical species-rank name may also be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13BDFD6BD442E196340900410A908198" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D53EE5068623FD16A589BCBCA3C35CE8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29500" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="13445" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera lea (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lea">H. lea (Santschi)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, no type-material of this name seems to have survived and its identity has been rendered obscure. For the circumstances of this see under lea in the species inquirendae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="811F23DA41AF31252D7570025F3109C6" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Finally, the small species described from Guinea as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A94D3BB3095C96C3E2883FDBCA3AAA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29549" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera sinuosa (Bernard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosa">sinuosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Bernard (discussed below) is also related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD43037E77965F79993ADE1133F2AAB2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its allies. The single specimen of this species seems distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23A8FA3ED8112F58EE9AD884383D6761" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ragusai Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ragusai">ragusai</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the form of its petiole, but any revision of those two species should also reconsider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BAD9782EA93A2EC85EF514FA4E2A2CD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29549" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera sinuosa (Bernard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosa">sinuosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2B42DE03E099205D30ACABD27EA5C80" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B53BA50B88B1E9748E2AEE6596A109AF" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F3168D0F7E6BBF8C20ECC6D40DDACD9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="4479" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">H. punctatissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and appears relatively common. It is often retrieved from litter and topsoil samples in forests, and also from rotten wood, but it seems particularly frequent in areas disturbed by human activities, especially in gardens, plantations and crop fields.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB4DD858AD5B18728D45003AF6016108" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="132313A474B19B7649454223F99CD6CD" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Material examined. Guinea: Crete de Nion (Lamotte); Nimba (Lamotte). Ivory Coast: Bingerville (Mahnert & Perret); Banco (Delamare-Debouttville); Abidjan, Banco Nat. Pk (I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3BB93EC1C0BCDF64E8EC84EC7E375A32" originalValue="Löbl" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Loebl</normalizedToken>
|
||
); Monogaga (Mahnert & Perret). Ghana: Legon (D. Leston); Poano (R. Belshaw). To g o:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="709E5F2DBE2D8182C192D5F22F954AAA" originalValue="Palimé" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Palime</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Klouto For. (Vi t). Benin: Porto Novo (Le Moult). Cameroun: Nkoemvon (D. Jackson); Mbalmayo (N. Stork); Mt Cameroun, Buea (Ross & Lorenzen); Victoria Div., Muyuka (B. Malkin); Prov. Sud, PN Campo (B.L. Fisher); Res. de Campo (D.M. Olson); Res. de Faune de Campo,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="36BB6A17EB800153E69585F375D9A3ED" originalValue="Ebodjé" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Ebodje</normalizedToken>
|
||
(B.L. Fisher). Gabon: Makokou (I. Lieberburg); Prov. Woleu-Ntem, Minvoul (B.L. Fisher); Prov. Ogooue-Maritime, Res. Monts Doudou, Doussala (B.L. Fisher); Doudou, Doussala (S. van Noort); For. de Mondah, Cap Esterias (Bartolozzi & Taiti).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C9F471EA050FB48EC2B8363FDB2D3DD" originalValue="São" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5BB3156E680D4D7F805FB02138644C7D" originalValue="Tomé" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Tome</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Principe:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C180B1B232DAB574E414B1F1D6874351" originalValue="São" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2EAFD15DB46F754FEE4C20E3AD4448E1" originalValue="Tomé" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Tome</normalizedToken>
|
||
I., Obo N.P. (J.M. Ledford). Central African Republic: Dzanga-Sangha, Bayanga (B.L. Fisher); Dzanga-Ndoki, Lidjombo (B.L. Fisher); Dzanga-Ndoki,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="44DDD46979F531DFB2B75498AF1F0965" originalValue="Mabéa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Mabea</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bai (B.L. Fisher). Democratic Republic of Congo: Elisabethville (Ross & Leech); Matadi (Ross & Leech); Lwiro Riv., Bukavu (Ross & Leech); St Gabriel (Kohl). Angola: Bruco (P. Hammond); Villa Arriaga (Ross & Leech); Benguela, Cucula (J. Cruchet); Benguela, Caconda (J. Cruchet). Ethiopia: Ilubador Reg., Buno Bedele (Sforzi & Bartolozzi). Rwanda: Rangiro (P. W e r n e r). Kenya: Shimoni (Alluaud & Jeannel); Likoni (Alluaud & Jeannel); Western Prov., Kakamega For.,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1C1EAE687FF67A3224855170E13BC78B" originalValue="Udo’s" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Udo's</normalizedToken>
|
||
camp (S. Maurer); Ekero (G. F i s c h e r); Western Prov., Mwanza (F. Hita Garcia); Kakamega For., Colobus (M. Peters); Kakamega For., Isecheno (F. H e r c h e n); Isecheno (R.R. Snelling); Isecheno Nat. Res., Kalunya Glade (R.R. Snelling); Western Prov., Bungoma, Nzoia (F. H e r c h e n). Uganda: Jinja (Ross & Leech); Kalinzu For., Bushenyi Distr. (S. Yamane). Ta n za n i a: Amani (Ross & Leech); Kilimandjaro, Kiboscho (C. Alluaud); Morogoro Reg., Mkungwe For. Res. (Hawkes, Bhoke & Richard). Zambia: Lusaka (W. H. Lange). Botswana: Serowe (P. Forchhammer). Zimbabwe: Bulawayo (G. Arnold); Umtali, Melsetter (R. Mussard). South Africa: Natal, Durban (F. B. M a r l e y); Durban (G. A r n o l d); Zululand, Eshowe (R.E. Turner); E. Cape, Mkambati Game Res. (B.L. Fisher); Cape Devon, Stellenbosch (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="995B88045143A9D24E7496947630626D" originalValue="O’Brien" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Marshall); Cape Prov., Oudtshoorn (B. Malkin); Cape Prov., Tsitsikamma N.P. (R.B. Kimsey). Comoros: Anjouan (Fisher, et al.); Anjouan, Ntringui (Fisher, et al.); Anjouan, Lac
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3E5FF9E0F7E716A8F932CDEF7755F7A1" originalValue="Dzialandée" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Dzialandee</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fisher, et al.); Moheli (Fisher, et al.); Grand Comore, Karthala (Fisher, et al.); Grand Comore,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6CB701DF4917BB81D8F09F00A5987274" originalValue="Grillé" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Grille</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fisher, et al.). Mayotte I.: Dapani (Fisher, et al.); Mont Chongui (Fisher, et al.); Sohoa For. Res. (Fisher, et al.); Mont Benara (Fisher, et al.).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="545113C9552DD03A9B4925987AD89942" originalValue="Réunion" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Reunion</normalizedToken>
|
||
I.: Le Port (F. B la r d); Mare Longue (Fisher, et al.); Les Makes (Fisher, et al.). Mauritius: Le Pouce Mt, Moka Range (Fisher, et al.); Cocotte Mt (Fisher, et al.); Pieter Both Mt, Moka Range (Fisher, et al.); Basin Blanc (Fisher, et al.). Seychelles: Alphonse I. (J. Gerlach). Poland: Opole Prov., Rudy (Roger). Germany: Berlin (Roger). Netherlands: Mijdrecht (P. v. d. W i e l). Italy: Sardinia, Villamassargia, Grotta dei Pipistrelli (S. Puddu); Sicily, Siracusa Prov., Pachino, Grotta Calafarina (B. Poldi). United Kingdom: England, Southsea (H. Donisthorpe); Oxfordshire, Oxford (E. Saunders); Oxford (P. Harwood); Middlesex, Old Ford (Bedwell); Hertfordshire, Waltham Cross (W. H. T u r n e r); Dorsetshire, Holt (P. Harwood); Kent, colliery below ground (no
|
||
<normalizedToken id="06DBE65A04A2008E6E66CD7874C469FA" originalValue="collector’s" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">collector's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name); Yorkshire, Barnsley, Darton (no
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68EBDDB52B0D3286DA6293D51239D6C3" originalValue="collector’s" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">collector's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name); Scotland, Edinburgh (Godfrey); Glasgow (Min. of Agiculture); Wales, Cardiff (no
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F9EC343699270D9105FEEFBD2C2A33BD" originalValue="collector’s" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">collector's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name). Ireland: Co. Cavan, Coote Hill (J.H. Cole). Madeira I.: Praia Formosa pr. Funchal (Lindberg). St Helena I.: (Wo l l a s t o n). Canada:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ABCA42AEF6D5B33BBF88E264930AE6F6" originalValue="Québec" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Quebec</normalizedToken>
|
||
(A. Francoeur). Hawaiian Is.: Kauai I., Lahue (R.C.L. Perkins); Oahu I., Honolulu (R.C.L. Perkins). New Zealand: Wellington, intercepted in quarantine, from Canada (no
|
||
<normalizedToken id="436288FB6E2E5A90E31AF05419B82B74" originalValue="collector’s" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">collector's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name). St Vincent I. (Antilles):
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FAC058117091BF1AF70A047C76F2F86A" originalValue="Châteaubelais" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Chateaubelais</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay (H.H. Smith).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |