462 lines
38 KiB
XML
462 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1146-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E4986F2FF30351588CF5C50C253222E4" ID-ZooBank="9F4ADF001BE748789B98FB23B72B4435" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1146-87" checkinTime="1675846373446" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marra Santos, Fidelis Junio" docDate="2023" docId="24CF3A260C615E3C861D8D27B6FE9014" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1146: 87-114" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1146" docPubDate="2023-02-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607" docTitle="Liotyphlops anops" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="E4986F2FF30351588CF5C50C253222E4" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="E4986F2FF30351588CF5C50C253222E4" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Anomalepididae) from Colombia and the synonymization of Liotyphlops beui (Amaral, 1924) with Liotyphlops ternetzii (Boulenger, 1896)" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1675846675304" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of the genus Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Anomalepididae) from Colombia and the synonymization of Liotyphlops beui (Amaral, 1924) with Liotyphlops ternetzii (Boulenger, 1896)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marra Santos, Fidelis Junio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5140-2830</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratory of Vertebrate Systematics. Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Partenon; 90619 - 900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">fidelismarra@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1146</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>87</mods:start>
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<mods:end>114</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1146-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9F4ADF001BE748789B98FB23B72B4435</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E4986F2FF30351588CF5C50C253222E4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:24CF3A260C615E3C861D8D27B6FE9014" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/24CF3A260C615E3C861D8D27B6FE9014" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3V8YB" LSID="24CF3A26-0C61-5E3C-861D-8D27B6FE9014" authority="(Cope, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liotyphlops anops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops">Liotyphlops anops (Cope, 1899)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Location of the holotype of Liotyphlops palauophis sp. nov. (black star), lectotype of Liotyphlops anops (white dot), and specimens of L. anops examined in this study (green dot).? = lack of detailed information about the type locality of L. palauophis sp. nov. and L. anops. This locality is based on information provided by Cope (1899)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806309" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lectotype of Liotyphlops anops, AMNH R- 17540, approximately 200 mm TL, Colombia, neighborhood of Bogota. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806310" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Liotyphlops anops, MCZ R- 67936, based on HRXCT data. A lateral view B dorsal view C ventral view with lower jaw partially digitally removed D anterior view E posterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: a: angular; bo: basioccipital; cb: compound bone; co: coronoid; d: dentary; ec: ectopterygoid; en: external naris; f: frontal; fo: foramen; fv: fenestra vomeronasalis; m: maxilla; mf: mental foramen; n: nasal; oc: occipital condyle; ooc: otico-occipital (fused prootic + opisthotic + exoccipital); p: parietal; pa: palatine; pbs: parabasisphenoid; pe: postorbital element; pf: prefrontal; pg: pterygoid; pm: premaxilla; q: quadrate; rp: retroarticular process; sf: surangular foramen; sm: septomaxilla; st: supratemporal; so: supraoccipital; tf: trigeminal foramen; v: vomer; vf: vomerine foramen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806311" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Liotyphlops anops, MCZ R- 67936, based on HRXCT data. A transversal view B frontal view C sagittal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: a: angular; an: acoustic nerve foramen; bo: basioccipital; cb: compound bone; cbp: compound bone prearticular component; cbs: compound bone surangular component; ci: conchal invagination; co: coronoid; cv: cavum vestibuli; d: dentary; dp: descensus parietalis; ec: ectopterygoid; en: external naris; f: frontal; fl: frontal laterally descending flange; fo: foramen; fpb: facial nerve palatine branch foramen; fs: frontal subolfactory process; fv: fenestra vomeronasalis; m: maxilla; Mc: Meckel's canal; mf: mental foramen; n: nasal; nl: nasal lateral flange; ns: medial nasal septum; oc: occipital condyle; on: optic nerve foramen; ooc: otico-occipital (fused prootic + opisthotic + exoccipital); p: parietal; pa: palatine; pbc: parabasal (Vidian) canal; pbs: parabasisphenoid; pe: postorbital element; pf: prefrontal; pg: pterygoid; pm: premaxilla; pvs: posterior vertical semicircular canal; q: quadrate; rp: retroarticular process; rstm: recessus scalae tympani medial aperture; s: stapes; sf: surangular foramen; sm: septomaxilla; sml: septomaxilla lateral flange; st: supratemporal; so: supraoccipital; tf: trigeminal foramen; trc: trigeminofacialis chamber; v: vomer; vc: vomeronasal cupola; vf: vomerine foramen; vn: vomeronasal nerve passage." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806312" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lower jaw of Liotyphlops anops, MCZ R- 67936, based on HRXCT data. A lateral view B medial view C dorsal view D ventral view E anterior view F posterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: a: angular; arf: articular fossa; cb: compound bone; cbp: compound bone prearticular component; cbs: compound bone surangular component; co: coronoid; d: dentary; Mc: Meckel's canal; mf: mental foramen; rp: retroarticular process; sf: surangular foramen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806313" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">, 10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marra Santos" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Helminthophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helminthophis anops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops">Helminthophis anops</taxonomicName>
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Cope, 1899: 10, pl. 4 fig. la-f. Type locality: "New Grenada", Colombia. According to
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<bibRefCitation author="McDiarmid, RW" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" refId="B13" refString="McDiarmid, RW, Campbell, JA, Toure, T, 1999. Snake Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. The Herpetologist's League, Washington DC, [xi +] 511 pp." title="Snake Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. The Herpetologist's League, Washington DC, [xi +] 511 pp." year="1999">McDiarmid et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Dunn, ER" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="47 - 55" refId="B9" refString="Dunn, ER, 1944. A review of the Colombian snakes of the families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Caldasia 3: 47 - 55" title="A review of the Colombian snakes of the families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." volume="3" year="1944">Dunn (1944</bibRefCitation>
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: 48) listed the type locality as "near Bogota". The latter was the specific locality mentioned on the first page of
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.54674" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="The Philadelphia Museums Scientific Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="3 - 26" refId="B7" refString="Cope, ED, 1899. Contributions to the herpetology of New Granada and Argentina with descriptions of new forms. The Philadelphia Museums Scientific Bulletin 1: 3 - 26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.54674" title="Contributions to the herpetology of New Granada and Argentina with descriptions of new forms." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.54674" volume="1" year="1899">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cope’s">Cope's</normalizedToken>
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(1899
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 3) posthumous publication and the source of much of the material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liotyphlops anops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops">Liotyphlops anops</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Dunn, ER" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="47 - 55" refId="B9" refString="Dunn, ER, 1944. A review of the Colombian snakes of the families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Caldasia 3: 47 - 55" title="A review of the Colombian snakes of the families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." volume="3" year="1944">Dunn 1944</bibRefCitation>
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: 48.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1944" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liotyphlops metae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="metae">Liotyphlops metae</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation author="Dunn, ER" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="47 - 55" refId="B9" refString="Dunn, ER, 1944. A review of the Colombian snakes of the families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Caldasia 3: 47 - 55" title="A review of the Colombian snakes of the families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." volume="3" year="1944">Dunn 1944</bibRefCitation>
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: 49, figs 3, 4. Holotype: MLS 8. Type locality: "Villavicencio, Meta [Colombia], 498 meters". Placed in synonymy by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/156853883X00120" author="Dixon, JR" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="241 - 264" refId="B8" refString="Dixon, JR, Kofron, CP, 1984. The Central and South American anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops. Amphibia-Reptilia 4 (2): 241 - 264, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853883X00120" title="The Central and South American anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/156853883X00120" volume="4" year="1984">Dixon and Kofron (1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 259).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Lectotype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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AMNH R-17540, at least 200 mm TL (estimated from Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lectotype of Liotyphlops anops, AMNH R- 17540, approximately 200 mm TL, Colombia, neighborhood of Bogota. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806310" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7</figureCitation>
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; specimen broken); type locality: Colombia, neighborhood of Bogota.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Lectotype by present designation</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806310" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Lectotype of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liotyphlops anops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Liotyphlops anops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, AMNH R-17540, approximately 200 mm TL, Colombia, neighborhood of Bogota. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liotyphlops anops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Liotyphlops anops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. albirostris" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="albirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. albirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. beui" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="beui">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. beui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. bondensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="bondensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. bondensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. caissara" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="caissara">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. caissara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. haadi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="haadi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. haadi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. schubarti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="schubarti">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. schubarti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. taylori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="taylori">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. taylori</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. ternetzii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ternetzii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. ternetzii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. wilderi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="wilderi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. wilderi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having four (vs three) scales contacting the posterior edge of the prefrontal. It is further distinguished from
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. argaleus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="argaleus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. argaleus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. trefauti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="trefauti">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. trefauti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having two scales (vs one scale) contacting the posterior edge of the nasal between the second supralabial and the prefrontal. It is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. palauophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="palauophis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. palauophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. in having the frontal scale single and 26/24/24 scales around the body (vs frontal scale divided and 28/26/26 scales around the body, and from
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<taxonomicName family="Anomalepididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sousai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="sousai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. sousai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having 562-597 dorsal scales and 531-572 ventral scales (vs 439 dorsal scales and 427 ventral scales).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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Meristic data in Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Meristic characters of species of Liotyphlops from the specimens examined in this study, presented as ranges with minimum, maximum, and mode in parentheses. SPEP = number of scales contacting posterior edge of prefrontal; SPEN = number of scales contacting posterior edge of nasal between second supralabial and prefrontal; SFVRD = number of scales in the first vertical row of dorsals; SL = number of supralabial scales; IL = number of infralabial scales; ASR = number of anterior scale rows around body; MSR = number of scale rows around the midbody; PSR = number of posterior scale rows around body; DSR = number of dorsal scale rows; VSR = number of ventral scales rows; SC = number of subcaudal scales. n = number of specimens examined in this study. a = number of specimens examined by Santos and Reis (2018). b = number of specimens examined by Centeno et al. (2010). c = number of specimens examined by Freire et al. (2007). d = number of specimens examined by Linares-Vargas et al. (2021)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4D2439378301DDACB18EE1530225E3E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" tableUuid="4D2439378301DDACB18EE1530225E3E6">1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Total length 186.2-337.7 mm, head length 3.2-4.4 mm (1.3-1.7% TL), snout-vent length 184-332 mm (98.3-98.8% TL), tail length 2.2-5.7 mm (1.2-1.7% TL), head width 2.5-3.7 mm (78.1-85.7% HL), and head height 1.8-2.8 mm (56.2-63.6% HL). Body covered with cycloid scales. Rostral large, longer than wide, contacting nasals anterolaterally, prefrontals laterally, and single frontal posteriorly. Pair of triangular prefrontals, bordered anterolaterally by rostral, ventrally by large divided nasal, and dorsoposteriorly by frontal. Posterior edge of prefrontals passing posterior edge of rostral. Divided nasal scale bordered anteriorly by rostral, dorsally by prefrontal, ventrally by first and second supralabials, and posteriorly by two scales that lie between prefrontal and second supralabial. Eye spot poorly visible. Four scales contacting posterior edge of prefrontal (three cycloid scales + frontal). Two scales contacting posterior edge of nasal between second supralabial and prefrontal. Five or six scales in first vertical row of dorsal scales. Mental triangular, not divided, wider than long, contacting first infralabials. Supralabials four, infralabials three. Scales around body 26/24/24. Dorsal scales 562-597, ventral scales 531-572, and subcaudal scales 12-14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="coloration in alcohol">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Coloration in alcohol.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Dorsal and ventral body brown to pale cream. Head pale cream. Scales near opening of cloaca pale cream.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of skull.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||
High-resolution x-ray computed tomography of skull bones in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Liotyphlops anops, MCZ R- 67936, based on HRXCT data. A lateral view B dorsal view C ventral view with lower jaw partially digitally removed D anterior view E posterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: a: angular; bo: basioccipital; cb: compound bone; co: coronoid; d: dentary; ec: ectopterygoid; en: external naris; f: frontal; fo: foramen; fv: fenestra vomeronasalis; m: maxilla; mf: mental foramen; n: nasal; oc: occipital condyle; ooc: otico-occipital (fused prootic + opisthotic + exoccipital); p: parietal; pa: palatine; pbs: parabasisphenoid; pe: postorbital element; pf: prefrontal; pg: pterygoid; pm: premaxilla; q: quadrate; rp: retroarticular process; sf: surangular foramen; sm: septomaxilla; st: supratemporal; so: supraoccipital; tf: trigeminal foramen; v: vomer; vf: vomerine foramen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806311" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lower jaw of Liotyphlops anops, MCZ R- 67936, based on HRXCT data. A lateral view B medial view C dorsal view D ventral view E anterior view F posterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: a: angular; arf: articular fossa; cb: compound bone; cbp: compound bone prearticular component; cbs: compound bone surangular component; co: coronoid; d: dentary; Mc: Meckel's canal; mf: mental foramen; rp: retroarticular process; sf: surangular foramen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806313" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">10</figureCitation>
|
||
. Main body of premaxilla on ventral surface of snout. Maxilla-premaxilla contact widely separated. Lateral maxillary foramina absent. Maxilla alveolar row oriented transversely. Nasal fused. Nasal-frontal boundary convex posteriorly in shallow W-shaped suture. Prefrontal separated from nasal. Prefrontal moveably articulated to frontal. Postorbital element present. Posterior orbital margin incomplete. Frontals gradually tapering anteriorly. Frontal paired. Frontal-parietal contact (dorsal aspect) anteriorly concave, frontals extending posteriorly into broad median embayment in parietals. Parietal paired. Posterior border of parietal in contact with otico-occipital. Supraoccipital present and fused not participating in internal sidewall of neurocranium. Supratemporal present. Posteromedial flange of septomaxilla short, not contacting frontal. Septomaxilla with lateral flange contributing to posterior border of external naris. Fenestra for duct of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacobson’s">Jacobson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
organ posteroventrally positioned. Palatine not in contact with vomer, maxilla, or pterygoid. Ectopterygoid present. Splenial not present as discrete element. Coronoid and angular separated by prearticular portion of compound bone. Retroarticular process long, longer than articular facet. Teeth present in maxilla and dentary, but lacking in premaxilla, palatine, and pterygoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806311" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liotyphlops anops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Liotyphlops anops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MCZ R-67936, based on HRXCT data.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view with lower jaw partially digitally removed
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
||
anterior view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
|
||
posterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">a</emphasis>
|
||
: angular;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">bo</emphasis>
|
||
: basioccipital;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cb</emphasis>
|
||
: compound bone;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">co</emphasis>
|
||
: coronoid;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
|
||
: dentary;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ec</emphasis>
|
||
: ectopterygoid;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">en</emphasis>
|
||
: external naris;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">f</emphasis>
|
||
: frontal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fo</emphasis>
|
||
: foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fv</emphasis>
|
||
: fenestra vomeronasalis;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">m</emphasis>
|
||
: maxilla;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mf</emphasis>
|
||
: mental foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">n</emphasis>
|
||
: nasal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">oc</emphasis>
|
||
: occipital condyle;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ooc</emphasis>
|
||
: otico-occipital (fused prootic + opisthotic + exoccipital);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">p</emphasis>
|
||
: parietal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pa</emphasis>
|
||
: palatine;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pbs</emphasis>
|
||
: parabasisphenoid;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pe</emphasis>
|
||
: postorbital element;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pf</emphasis>
|
||
: prefrontal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pg</emphasis>
|
||
: pterygoid;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pm</emphasis>
|
||
: premaxilla;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">q</emphasis>
|
||
: quadrate;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rp</emphasis>
|
||
: retroarticular process;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sf</emphasis>
|
||
: surangular foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sm</emphasis>
|
||
: septomaxilla;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">st</emphasis>
|
||
: supratemporal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">so</emphasis>
|
||
: supraoccipital;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">tf</emphasis>
|
||
: trigeminal foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">v</emphasis>
|
||
: vomer;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vf</emphasis>
|
||
: vomerine foramen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806312" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liotyphlops anops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Liotyphlops anops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MCZ R-67936, based on HRXCT data.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
||
transversal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||
frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">a</emphasis>
|
||
: angular;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">an</emphasis>
|
||
: acoustic nerve foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">bo</emphasis>
|
||
: basioccipital;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cb</emphasis>
|
||
: compound bone;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cbp</emphasis>
|
||
: compound bone prearticular component;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cbs</emphasis>
|
||
: compound bone surangular component;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ci</emphasis>
|
||
: conchal invagination;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">co</emphasis>
|
||
: coronoid;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cv</emphasis>
|
||
: cavum vestibuli;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
|
||
: dentary;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dp</emphasis>
|
||
: descensus parietalis;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ec</emphasis>
|
||
: ectopterygoid;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">en</emphasis>
|
||
: external naris;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">f</emphasis>
|
||
: frontal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="fl">fl</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: frontal laterally descending
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="flange">flange</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fo</emphasis>
|
||
: foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fpb</emphasis>
|
||
: facial nerve palatine branch foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
|
||
: frontal subolfactory process;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fv</emphasis>
|
||
: fenestra vomeronasalis;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">m</emphasis>
|
||
: maxilla;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mc</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Meckel’s">Meckel's</normalizedToken>
|
||
canal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mf</emphasis>
|
||
: mental foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">n</emphasis>
|
||
: nasal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">nl</emphasis>
|
||
: nasal lateral
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="flange">flange</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ns</emphasis>
|
||
: medial nasal septum;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">oc</emphasis>
|
||
: occipital condyle;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">on</emphasis>
|
||
: optic nerve foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ooc</emphasis>
|
||
: otico-occipital (fused prootic + opisthotic + exoccipital);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">p</emphasis>
|
||
: parietal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pa</emphasis>
|
||
: palatine;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pbc</emphasis>
|
||
: parabasal (Vidian) canal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pbs</emphasis>
|
||
: parabasisphenoid;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pe</emphasis>
|
||
: postorbital element;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pf</emphasis>
|
||
: prefrontal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pg</emphasis>
|
||
: pterygoid;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pm</emphasis>
|
||
: premaxilla;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pvs</emphasis>
|
||
: posterior vertical semicircular canal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">q</emphasis>
|
||
: quadrate;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rp</emphasis>
|
||
: retroarticular process;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rstm</emphasis>
|
||
: recessus scalae tympani medial aperture;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">s</emphasis>
|
||
: stapes;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sf</emphasis>
|
||
: surangular foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sm</emphasis>
|
||
: septomaxilla;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sml</emphasis>
|
||
: septomaxilla lateral
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="flange">flange</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">st</emphasis>
|
||
: supratemporal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">so</emphasis>
|
||
: supraoccipital;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">tf</emphasis>
|
||
: trigeminal foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">trc</emphasis>
|
||
: trigeminofacialis chamber;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">v</emphasis>
|
||
: vomer;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vc</emphasis>
|
||
: vomeronasal cupola;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vf</emphasis>
|
||
: vomerine foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vn</emphasis>
|
||
: vomeronasal nerve passage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806313" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lower jaw of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liotyphlops anops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Liotyphlops anops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MCZ R-67936, based on HRXCT data.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||
medial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
|
||
anterior view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
|
||
posterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">a</emphasis>
|
||
: angular;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">arf</emphasis>
|
||
: articular fossa;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cb</emphasis>
|
||
: compound bone;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cbp</emphasis>
|
||
: compound bone prearticular component;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cbs</emphasis>
|
||
: compound bone surangular component;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">co</emphasis>
|
||
: coronoid;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
|
||
: dentary;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mc</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Meckel’s">Meckel's</normalizedToken>
|
||
canal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mf</emphasis>
|
||
: mental foramen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rp</emphasis>
|
||
: retroarticular process;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sf</emphasis>
|
||
: surangular foramen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Central Colombia (neighborhood of Bogota and Villavicencio in the department of Meta) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Location of the holotype of Liotyphlops palauophis sp. nov. (black star), lectotype of Liotyphlops anops (white dot), and specimens of L. anops examined in this study (green dot).? = lack of detailed information about the type locality of L. palauophis sp. nov. and L. anops. This locality is based on information provided by Cope (1899)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806309" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |