169 lines
19 KiB
XML
169 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8E22BA0CAD47839A8A165F6AAA8F2084">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4357F447AD549C7B17E08180EB1DFFEF">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D279607F864A26B8EB43C6326D4F266">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="61A959C7E46C3481C9F65D8AC00CB798">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="12FF16A41FEE7AACFE3BCF8B2E7DAFE8">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="4D2585C84CD7A829379C3A5E023DA08C">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="59942A743B0CAE5FA5B14BD6C77405C0">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="0A1FF36A747B4986B0A3B04E070FDB2C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF99FF9CFAE666CDF5B2F3CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863384" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863384" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF99FF9CFAE666CDF5B2F3CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF99FF9CFAE666CDF5B2F3CF" lastPageNumber="716" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE666CDF9B8FBF7" blockId="88.[1466,2398,989,1115]" box="[1471,1551,989,1035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CFAE666CDF9B8FBF7" box="[1471,1551,989,1035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF99FF9CFAE666CDF9B8FBF7" box="[1471,1551,989,1035]" captionStart="Plate 47: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="87.[100,130,3411,3432]" captionTargetBox="[13,2745,15,3644]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="5. 5- 6 kg ( females ). The Sabah Grizzled Languris gray above and below, except white belly and inner surfaces of limbs, contrasting with black on hands and feet. Crown is gray, with a tall black crest on back of head and two frontal whorls. Facial skin is red- dish, with bluish lips and a pair of distinct black spots on each side of the face, between eyes and mouth — a pattern sometimes seen in more contrastingly colored individuals of Hose’s Langur ( Presbytis hoset (null), 6. [MISSING], 7. [MISSING], 8. [MISSING], 9. [MISSING], 10. [MISSING], 11. [MISSING], 12. [MISSING], 13. [MISSING], 14. [MISSING], 15. [MISSING], 16. [MISSING], 17. [MISSING], 18. [MISSING], 19. [MISSING], 20. [MISSING], 21. [MISSING], 22. [MISSING], 23. [MISSING], 24. [MISSING], 25. [MISSING], 26. [MISSING], 27. [MISSING], 28. [MISSING], 29. [MISSING], 30. [MISSING], 31. [MISSING], 32. [MISSING], 33. [MISSING], 34. [MISSING], 35. [MISSING], 36. [MISSING], 37. [MISSING], 38. [MISSING], 39. [MISSING], 40. [MISSING], 41. [MISSING], 42. [MISSING], 43. [MISSING], 44. [MISSING], 45. [MISSING], 46. [MISSING], 47. [MISSING], 48. [MISSING], 49. [MISSING], 50. [MISSING], 51. [MISSING], 52. [MISSING], 53. [MISSING], 54. [MISSING], 55. [MISSING], 56. [MISSING], 57. [MISSING], 58. [MISSING], 59. [MISSING], 60. [MISSING], 61. [MISSING], 62. [MISSING], 63. [MISSING], 64. [MISSING], 65. [MISSING], 66. [MISSING], 67. [MISSING], 68. [MISSING], 69. [MISSING], 70. [MISSING], 71. [MISSING], 72. [MISSING], 73. [MISSING], 74. [MISSING], 75. [MISSING], 76. [MISSING], 77. [MISSING], 78. [MISSING], 79. [MISSING], 80. [MISSING], 81. [MISSING], 82. [MISSING], 83. [MISSING], 84. [MISSING], 85. [MISSING], 86. [MISSING], 87. [MISSING], 88. [MISSING], 89. [MISSING], 90. [MISSING], 91. [MISSING], 92. [MISSING], 93. [MISSING], 94. [MISSING], 95. [MISSING], 96. [MISSING], 97. [MISSING], 98. [MISSING], 99. [MISSING], 100. [MISSING], 101. [MISSING], 102. [MISSING], 103. [MISSING], 105. Javan Langur (Presbytis comata), 106. Banded Langur (Presbytis femoralis), 107. Cross-marked Langur (Presbytis chrysomelas), 108. White-fronted Langur (Presbytis frontata), 109. Hose’s Langur (Presbytis hosei), 110. Miller’s Langur (Presbytis canicrus), 111. Sabah Grizzled Langur (Presbytis sabana), 112. Black-crested Sumatran Langur (Presbytis melalophos), 113. Black-and-white Langur (Presbytis bicolor), 114. Black Sumatran Langur (Presbytis sumatrana), 115. Mitered Langur (Presbytis mitrata)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867463/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">108.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CF94466CDF85BFBF7" box="[1565,2028,989,1035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CF94466CDF85BFBF7" blockId="88.[1466,2398,989,1115]" box="[1565,2028,989,1035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CF94466CDF85BFBF7" box="[1565,2028,989,1035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF94466CDF85BFBF7" box="[1565,2028,989,1035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">White-fronted Langur</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CF77766CDF6E9FBF7" box="[2094,2398,989,1035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CF77766CDF6E9FBF7" blockId="88.[1466,2398,989,1115]" box="[2094,2398,989,1035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CF77766CDF6E9FBF7" box="[2094,2398,989,1035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF99FF9CF77766CDF6E9FBF7" ID-CoL="4MBB3" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[2094,2398,989,1035]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frontata">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CF77766CDF6E9FBF7" box="[2094,2398,989,1035]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Presbytis frontata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE5610DF713FBA5" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE5610DF6E0FBCE" blockId="88.[1466,2398,989,1115]" box="[1468,2391,1053,1074]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CFAE5610DF6E0FBCE" box="[1468,2391,1053,1074]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE5610DF9BEFBCE" bold="true" box="[1468,1545,1053,1074]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF94A610DF96EFBCE" box="[1555,1753,1053,1074]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Langur a front blanc</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CF9B7610DF8FEFBCE" bold="true" box="[1774,1865,1053,1074]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF808610DF846FBCE" box="[1873,2033,1053,1074]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Weil3stirnlangur</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CF75C610DF7D6FBCE" bold="true" box="[2053,2145,1053,1074]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF733610DF6E0FBCE" box="[2154,2391,1053,1074]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Langur de frente blanca</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE26154F713FBA5" blockId="88.[1466,2398,989,1115]" box="[1467,2212,1092,1113]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CFAE26154F713FBA5" box="[1467,2212,1092,1113]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE26154F905FBA5" bold="true" box="[1467,1714,1092,1113]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF9E26154F837FBA5" box="[1723,1920,1092,1113]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">\White-faced Langur</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF8D56154F713FBA5" box="[1932,2212,1092,1113]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">White-fronted Leaf Monkey</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CF77D619CF75DFB2C" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CF77D619CF75DFB2C" blockId="88.[2084,2671,1164,1587]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CF77D619CF708FB55" bold="true" box="[2084,2239,1164,1193]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF99FF9CF7BE619CF751FB2C" authority="S. Muller, 1838" authorityName="S. Muller" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Semnopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frontatus">Semnopithecus frontatus S. Muller, 1838</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CF65F61A7F77EFA91" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CF65F61A7F77EFA91" blockId="88.[2084,2671,1164,1587]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF99FF9CF65F61A7F77EFA91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421408" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Indonesia, south-eastern Borneo. Restricted by L. Medway in 1965 to south-eastern Kalimantan, Murung and “Pulu Lampy,” near Banjarmasin, Pematang, Kuala.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CF77D6068F639FA69" box="[2084,2446,1400,1429]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CF77D6068F639FA69" blockId="88.[2084,2671,1164,1587]" box="[2084,2446,1400,1429]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CF77D608BF9F1F933" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF99FF9CF77D608BF9F1F933" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867319" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867319/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" targetBox="[1470,2052,1170,1577]" targetPageId="88">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CF77D608BF9F1F933" blockId="88.[2084,2671,1164,1587]" lastBlockId="88.[1464,2674,1597,3123]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CF77D608BF763FA40" bold="true" box="[2084,2260,1435,1468]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Found patchily in C & E Borneo, from C Sarawak State (absent from coastal areas and possibly occurs only between upper Rajang and upper Batang Luparrivers) to most of E Kalimantan and a few areas in the W (in the SE restricted to the E of the Barito River, there is a population in Gunung Palung in the SW, but it is not known whetherit is isolated or whetherit is continuous with other populations in the W).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE363CAF979F81F" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE363CAF979F81F" blockId="88.[1464,2674,1597,3123]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE363CAF90FF90B" bold="true" box="[1466,1720,1754,1783]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 50-54 cm (males) and 47-50 cm (females), tail 70-74 cm (males) and 63-70 cm (females); weight ¢.5-7 kg. The White-fronted Langur is pale grayish-brown above, with a yellowish-brown underside. Brow, crown crest, and cheeks are blackish and lower segments of limbs grade toward black of hands and feet. Tail is yellowish-gray. There is a naked patch of white skin on forehead (hence the common name) set off by one or two whorls of hair, with a tall, forward-leaning crown crest behind.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE362F9F6FDF7A5" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE362F9F6FDF7A5" blockId="88.[1464,2674,1597,3123]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE362F9F99EF7F6" bold="true" box="[1466,1577,2025,2058]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Tall lowland, riparian and hill dipterocarp forest, up to elevations of 1000 m. The White-fronted Langur may also be found in secondary forest and old rubber tree plantations. Very little is known about its habitat use and ecology.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE36D70F8ECF754" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE36D70F8ECF754" blockId="88.[1464,2674,1597,3123]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE36D70F90BF77D" bold="true" box="[1466,1724,2144,2177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The White-fronted Langur eats mainly young leaves, supplemented with fruits, seeds, and flowers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE36DBFF98CF70B" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE36DBFF98CF70B" blockId="88.[1464,2674,1597,3123]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE36DBFF9F7F72C" bold="true" box="[1466,1600,2223,2256]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Breeding.</emphasis>
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The natal coat of the White-fronted Langur is white, with a thick black dorsal stripe.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE16DEEF6C0F6E3" box="[1464,2423,2302,2335]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE16DEEF6C0F6E3" blockId="88.[1464,2674,1597,3123]" box="[1464,2423,2302,2335]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE16DEEF913F6E3" bold="true" box="[1464,1700,2302,2335]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The White-fronted Langur is diurnal and arboreal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE36C35F5E2F618" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE36C35F5E2F618" blockId="88.[1464,2674,1597,3123]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE36C35F7C3F6BA" bold="true" box="[1466,2164,2341,2374]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The White-fronted Langur has never been studied in the wild. Groups are small, with a single adult male and 2-3 females. The home range is estimated to be larger than 100 ha. There are an estimated 13,400 White-fronted Langurs in Sarawak (Lanjak-Entimau), with densities of 1-7 groups/ km?. Density estimates from ten differentsites are 1-5 groups/km? and 5-9 ind/km?®.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE36CFAF6ADF440" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE36CFAF6ADF440" blockId="88.[1464,2674,1597,3123]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE36CFAF8AAF5F7" bold="true" box="[1466,1821,2538,2571]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The White-fronted Langur is protected by Indonesian law and is totally protected in Sarawak. Its distribution is fragmented. It is frequently hunted in Sarawak for its gallstones and meat. Habitat loss for the White-fronted Langur has been very rapid, particularly due to conversion into oil palm plantations. It occurs in at least seven protected areas: Batang Ai National Park and Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary in Sarawak and Betung Kerihun, Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya, Gunung Palung, and Kutai national parks and Sungai Wain Protection Forest in Kalimantan. The level of protection that these areas offer, particularly in Indonesia, is insufficient, and there is a need to reinforce their management. In some areas, such as the north-western mountains (Lanjak-Entimau, Bantang Ai, and Bentuang Kerima), the White-fronted Langur seems to be common, but in other areas,it is evidently scarce.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE36EDBF5B2F3CF" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE36EDBF5B2F3CF" blockId="88.[1464,2674,1597,3123]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE36EDBF9E3F418" bold="true" box="[1466,1620,3019,3044]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Azuma et al. (1984), Bennett et al. (1987), Brandon-Jones et al. (2004), Groves (2001), Leutenegger & Cheverud (1982), Lhota (2011a), Medway (1965), Meijaard & Nijman (2008), Meyer et al. (2011), Napier (1985), Nijman & Meijaard (2001), Payne et al. (1985), Suzuki (1984), Wilson & Wilson (1975).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |