199 lines
22 KiB
XML
199 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D0C9DC06DE1EE814C4A598C7F3EF7B69">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1727CC5AC06C9D650C686A5F2C47021D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C528DB111CCB66945005CC5975A7357C">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33727BD38305325CE2872A5059B99784">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="7DCAC0FF691885B32EE75E30F5D38C71">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="8139F48078728E94E94CC55B756A78FB" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="52665ECCC684A316310752F56EF0B920">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="E25B36C0D14E5D75896EE2F0B0276D03">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="FD0742EB8E155D0F51AC79AE21253B68">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF8EFF94FA256C80FB12FA40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863345" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863345" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF8EFF94FA256C80FB12FA40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF8EFF94FA256C80FB12FA40" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="708" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA256C80FA01F642" box="[1404,1462,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA256C80FA01F642" blockId="79.[1403,2435,2448,2572]" box="[1404,1462,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BFA256C80FA01F642" box="[1404,1462,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF8EFF8BFA256C80FA01F642" box="[1404,1462,2448,2494]" captionStart="Plate 46: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="77.[99,129,3331,3356]" captionTargetBox="[14,2746,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="87. Upper Guinea Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius), 88. Temminck’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus temmincki), 89. Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus waldronae), 90. Zanzibar Red Colobus (Piliocolobus kirku), 91. Udzungwa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus gordonorum), 92. Pennant’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii), 93. Bouvier’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus bouvieri), 94. Niger Delta Red Colobus (Piliocolobus epieni), 95. Preuss’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus preussi), 96. Tana River Red Colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus), 97. Semliki Red Colobus (Piliocolobus semlikiensis), 98. Foa’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus foai), 99. Lang’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus langi), 100. Oustalet’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus oustaleti), 101. Lomami Red Colobus (Piliocolobus parmentieri), 102. Ashy Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles), 103. Tshuapa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tholloni), 104. Olive Colobus (Procolobus verus)" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">92.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA9E6C80F819F642" box="[1479,1966,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA9E6C80F819F642" blockId="79.[1403,2435,2448,2572]" box="[1479,1966,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BFA9E6C80F819F642" box="[1479,1966,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BFA9E6C80F819F642" box="[1479,1966,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Pennant’s Red Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BF8AB6C80F635F642" box="[2034,2434,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BF8AB6C80F635F642" blockId="79.[1403,2435,2448,2572]" box="[2034,2434,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BF8AB6C80F635F642" box="[2034,2434,2448,2494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF8AB6C80F635F642" ID-CoL="4HTQV" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[2034,2434,2448,2494]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pennantii">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BF8AB6C80F635F642" box="[2034,2434,2448,2494]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Piliocolobus pennantii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA256CC0F88DF5F0" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA256CC0F6A3F619" blockId="79.[1403,2435,2448,2572]" box="[1404,2324,2512,2533]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BFA256CC0F6A3F619" box="[1404,2324,2512,2533]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA256CC0FA7EF619" bold="true" box="[1404,1481,2512,2533]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BFA8B6CC0F926F619" box="[1490,1681,2512,2533]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Colobe de Pennant</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BF9FC6CC0F8B6F619" bold="true" box="[1701,1793,2512,2533]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BF8526CC0F87CF619" box="[1803,1995,2512,2533]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Bioko-Stummelaffe</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BF8B96CC0F78CF619" bold="true" box="[2016,2107,2512,2533]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BF71D6CC0F6A3F619" box="[2116,2324,2512,2533]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Colobo rojo de Bioko</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA256CE7F88DF5F0" blockId="79.[1403,2435,2448,2572]" box="[1404,1850,2551,2572]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BFA256CE7F88DF5F0" box="[1404,1850,2551,2572]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA256CE7F9C4F5F0" bold="true" box="[1404,1651,2551,2572]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BF9246CE7F88DF5F0" box="[1661,1850,2551,2572]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Bioko Red Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BF8BD6F53F799F57F" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BF8BD6F53F799F57F" blockId="79.[2020,2608,2627,3046]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BF8BD6F53F7C8F5A0" bold="true" box="[2020,2175,2627,2652]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF7C96F53F79EF57F" authority="Waterhouse, 1838" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pennantii">Colobus pennantii Waterhouse, 1838</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BF7196F7AF70FF556" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BF7196F7AF70FF556" blockId="79.[2020,2608,2627,3046]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF8EFF8BF7196F7AF70FF556" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421447" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Equatorial Guinea, Fernando Poo (Bioko) Island.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BF8BF6FA5F645F3F0" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BF8BF6FA5F645F3F0" blockId="79.[2020,2608,2627,3046]" lastBlockId="79.[1403,2607,3051,3478]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either divide the red colobus and the Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF66E6E14F61EF4DD" box="[2359,2473,2820,2849]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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into two genera,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF7006E3BF75AF4B4" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2137,2285,2859,2888]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF66E6E3BF60BF4B4" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2359,2492,2859,2888]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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, respectively, or consider them to belong to one genus,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF7116E65F77AF46A" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2120,2253,2933,2966]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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, with two subgenera (
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF6A26E65F7F7F442" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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for the Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF65D6EB1F6C1F442" box="[2308,2422,2977,3006]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF6E66EB1F7A7F41A" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
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for the red colobus). We follow here C. P. Groves in his publications of 2001 and 2007 in using two genera. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA226907F62CF3C8" box="[1403,2459,3095,3124]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF8EFF8BFA226907F62CF3C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867285" box="[1403,2459,3095,3124]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867285/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" targetBox="[1407,1988,2631,3038]" targetPageId="79">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA226907F62CF3C8" blockId="79.[1403,2607,3051,3478]" box="[1403,2459,3095,3124]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA226907F99CF3C8" bold="true" box="[1403,1579,3095,3124]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Bioko I (Equatorial Guinea), now mainly restricted to the SW.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF94FA22692EFD4DFE40" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="708" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF94FA22692EFD4DFE40" blockId="79.[1403,2607,3051,3478]" lastBlockId="80.[154,1366,292,1470]" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="708" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA22692EF9CFF3A7" bold="true" box="[1403,1656,3134,3163]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body c.62 cm (males) and c.64 cm (females), tail ¢.60 cm (males) and c.66 cm (females); weight 9 kg (males) and c.5-8 kg (females). Pennant’s Red Colobusis a rather large, short-tailed species. Photographs taken in the wild suggest that adult males are large and robustly built. In many respects, Pennant’s Red Colobusis similar to Bouvier’s Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF83369CCF86BF305" box="[1898,2012,3292,3321]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF8AA69CCF7C8F305" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1887" box="[2035,2175,3292,3321]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouvieri">P. bouvieri</taxonomicName>
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), but it is darker, with speckled red and black, almost a solid black, on shoulders, becoming bright red on flanks. Underparts are pale reddish-white to white. Hands and feet are contrastingly black, this tone extending some way up on limbs. Tail is black above and deep red below. Cheek whiskers are white, and crown is black. There is a prominent tuft at the base of each ear. Face is black. Scrotum is not conspicuous, and the clitoris is prominent. Teeth are relatively small, skull is generally narrow, facial skeleton is long, and muzzle is broad. A mtDNA study placesit close to its mainland neighbor, Preuss’s Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94FB846463FAF8FE68" box="[1245,1359,371,404]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94FFF064B3FE90FE40" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1900" box="[169,295,419,444]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="preussi">P. preussi</taxonomicName>
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), but its vocalizations are distinct.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FFC564D2FB7CFDCE" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FFC564D2FB7CFDCE" blockId="80.[154,1366,292,1470]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94FFC564D2FEBCFE1F" bold="true" box="[156,267,450,483]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Habitat.</emphasis>
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[.ow and montane forest from sea level to at least 1500 m, and perhaps even 1800 m. Southern forests on Bioko Island, where Pennant’s Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94FB7E64FEFB2EFDF7" box="[1063,1177,494,523]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most common, receive very abundant rainfall, some areas exceeding 10,000 mm/year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FFC56750FE16FD7D" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FFC56750FE16FD7D" blockId="80.[154,1366,292,1470]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94FFC56750FE14FDA5" bold="true" box="[156,419,576,601]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diets include young leaves and mature leaves, fruit, flowers, buds, and possibly seeds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FFC56797FC56FD54" box="[156,993,647,680]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FFC56797FC56FD54" blockId="80.[154,1366,292,1470]" box="[156,993,647,680]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94FFC56797FE94FD54" bold="true" box="[156,291,647,680]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FFC267BEFB9DFD33" box="[155,1066,686,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FFC267BEFB9DFD33" blockId="80.[154,1366,292,1470]" box="[155,1066,686,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94FFC267BEFE31FD33" bold="true" box="[155,390,686,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Pennant’s Red Colobusis diurnal and arboreal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FFC467C5FE35FC18" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FFC467C5FE35FC18" blockId="80.[154,1366,292,1470]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94FFC467C5FCD4FD0A" bold="true" box="[157,867,725,758]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Pennant’s Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94FB1267C5FB0AFD0A" box="[1099,1213,725,758]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has never been studied in the wild. Its ranging behavior is unknown. Groups contain 5-30 individuals, with 1-3 adult males. Females travel alone and are probably the sex that disperses from natal groups. Humans are the only predators on Bioko Island; potential predators of red colobus on the mainland, such as crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus), Leopards (Panthera pardus), and Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), do not occur on Bioko Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FFC766F9FCDCFA92" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FFC766F9FCDCFA92" blockId="80.[154,1366,292,1470]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94FFC766F9FE4AFBF6" bold="true" box="[158,509,1001,1034]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94FE096101FDD4FBCE" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[336,611,1041,1074]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pennantii">Procolobus pennantii</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Pennant’s Red Colobusis listed as Class B in the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Its total distribution is less than 500 km?®, and there are probably less than 5000 individuals remaining. In 2006, G. Hearn and colleagues estimated a 45% decline in numbers between 1986-2006 due mainly to heavy hunting. It was estimated that more than 550 individuals were killed in 2004 alone. Pennant’s Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94FCD561C6FC49FB0B" box="[908,1022,1238,1271]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in Gran Caldera and Southern Highlands Scientific Reserve. It maystill occur in Basilé National Park, but it has not recorded there since 1980s. Shotgun hunting has been banned on Bioko Island, but the ban has not been strongly enforced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FFC6606CFB12FA40" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FFC6606CFB12FA40" blockId="80.[154,1366,292,1470]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94FFC6606CFE8EFA69" bold="true" box="[159,313,1404,1429]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Butynski & Koster (1994), Gonzalez-Kirchner (1997), Groves (2001, 2007b), Grubb et al. (2003), Hearn & Morra (2001), Hearn et al. (2006), Oates (2011), Struhsaker (2000, 2010), Ting (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |