219 lines
26 KiB
XML
219 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="5520D185A0EDE46056A4C0F14B3DB833">
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<mods:title id="771834FDC66F283DCABC8319B94A6362">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C059FC18DD8FAC068108513D99F8ABED">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB7F79B6D849C7CC9DA488C9FB10675C">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4A94EB894E3599DAC64BACAC2C30EE37">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="57AFAE72D9EE619080533A63AE3057D9">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="0356D31CBB220EC8876688F385C89D67">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="7A3A079D1525FF13480AAAB19E500AC1">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="34517576298D4966B66E3CC9694061C2">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF8CFF89FF3E64A2F5B2FE1D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863333" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863333" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF8CFF89FF3E64A2F5B2FE1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF8CFF89FF3E64A2F5B2FE1D" lastPageNumber="705" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3E64A2FF17FE1C" box="[103,160,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3E64A2FF17FE1C" blockId="77.[101,1169,434,560]" box="[103,160,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8CFF89FF3E64A2FF17FE1C" box="[103,160,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF8CFF89FF3E64A2FF17FE1C" box="[103,160,434,480]" captionStart="Plate 46: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="77.[99,129,3331,3356]" captionTargetBox="[14,2746,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="87. Upper Guinea Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius), 88. Temminck’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus temmincki), 89. Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus waldronae), 90. Zanzibar Red Colobus (Piliocolobus kirku), 91. Udzungwa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus gordonorum), 92. Pennant’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii), 93. Bouvier’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus bouvieri), 94. Niger Delta Red Colobus (Piliocolobus epieni), 95. Preuss’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus preussi), 96. Tana River Red Colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus), 97. Semliki Red Colobus (Piliocolobus semlikiensis), 98. Foa’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus foai), 99. Lang’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus langi), 100. Oustalet’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus oustaleti), 101. Lomami Red Colobus (Piliocolobus parmentieri), 102. Ashy Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles), 103. Tshuapa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tholloni), 104. Olive Colobus (Procolobus verus)" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">87.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FFE864A2FD4FFE1C" box="[177,760,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FFE864A2FD4FFE1C" blockId="77.[101,1169,434,560]" box="[177,760,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8CFF89FFE864A2FD4FFE1C" box="[177,760,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8CFF89FFE864A2FD4FFE1C" box="[177,760,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Upper Guinea Red Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FC6264A2FB27FE1C" box="[827,1168,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FC6264A2FB27FE1C" blockId="77.[101,1169,434,560]" box="[827,1168,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8CFF89FC6264A2FB27FE1C" box="[827,1168,434,480]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FC6264A2FB27FE1C" ID-CoL="4HTQH" baseAuthorityName="Kerr" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[827,1168,434,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FC6264A2FB27FE1C" box="[827,1168,434,480]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Piliocolobus badius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3F64E1FC5EFDD2" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3F64E1FC03FDFA" blockId="77.[101,1169,434,560]" box="[102,948,497,518]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8CFF89FF3F64E1FC03FDFA" box="[102,948,497,518]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3F64E1FF04FDFA" bold="true" box="[102,179,497,518]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8CFF89FFE564E1FE93FDFA" box="[188,292,497,518]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Colobe bai</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FE6064E1FE23FDFA" bold="true" box="[313,404,497,518]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8CFF89FEC664E1FDEAFDFA" box="[415,605,497,518]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Roter Stummelaffe</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FD2B64E1FD7AFDFA" bold="true" box="[626,717,497,518]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8CFF89FD8E64E1FC03FDFA" box="[727,948,497,518]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Colobo rojo occidental</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3F6709FC5EFDD2" blockId="77.[101,1169,434,560]" box="[102,1001,537,558]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF8CFF89FF3F6709FC5EFDD2" box="[102,1001,537,558]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3F6709FEEAFDD2" bold="true" box="[102,349,537,558]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8CFF89FE3E6709FDC2FDD2" box="[359,629,537,558]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Upper Guinea Bay Colobus</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8CFF89FDDB6709FC5EFDD2" box="[642,1001,537,558]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">West African/Western Red Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FD976770FCDFFD58" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FD976770FCDFFD58" blockId="77.[718,1306,608,1031]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FD976770FCDDFD81" bold="true" box="[718,874,608,637]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FCDE6770FCD4FD58" authority="Kerr, 1792" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Simia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius" subGenus="Cercopithecus">Simia (Cercopithecus) badius Kerr, 1792</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FC2E6793FCC5FD37" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FC2E6793FCC5FD37" blockId="77.[718,1306,608,1031]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF8CFF89FC2E6793FCC5FD37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421310" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Sierra Leone (probably Sherbro Island).</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FD9667C6FED7FB58" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FD9667C6FED7FB58" blockId="77.[718,1306,608,1031]" lastBlockId="77.[98,1307,1037,3236]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either divide the red colobus and the Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FB786631FB24FCBE" box="[1057,1171,801,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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into two genera,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FC0B6641FC51FC96" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[850,998,849,874]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FB166641FB63FC96" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[1103,1236,849,874]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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, respectively, or consider them to belong to one genus,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FC2A66B0FC40FC45" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[883,1015,928,953]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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, with two subgenera (
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FD8366D3FCD6FC1C" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[730,865,963,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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for the Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FB7666D3FB16FC1C" box="[1071,1185,963,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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and Pilwcolobus for the red colobus). We follow here C. P. Groves in his publications of 2001 and 2007 in using two genera. The exact boundary between
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FE2D6125FE5EFBAA" baseAuthorityName="Kerr" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[372,489,1077,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">P. badius</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FD766125FD6DFBAA" box="[559,730,1077,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temminckii">P. temminckii</taxonomicName>
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is unclear, but the two are believed to be geographically separated.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FE8E614CFDFBFB81" baseAuthorityName="Kerr" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[471,588,1116,1149]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">P. badius</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FDCD614CFC8EFB81" box="[660,825,1116,1149]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waldronae">P. waldronae</taxonomicName>
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meet at the Bandama River, Ivory Coast. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3C61A3FCCDFB0F" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF8CFF89FF3C61A3FCCDFB0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867275/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" targetBox="[105,686,615,1022]" targetPageId="77">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3C61A3FCCDFB0F" blockId="77.[98,1307,1037,3236]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3C61A3FEA3FB30" bold="true" box="[101,276,1203,1228]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Sierra Leone (W limit Rokupr, 9° N, 12° 34’ 48” W), S Guinea, Liberia, and W Ivory Coast (E to the Nzi-Bandama River system).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3C61EDFD8DF8E6" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3C61EDFD8DF8E6" blockId="77.[98,1307,1037,3236]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3C61EDFED5FAE6" bold="true" box="[101,354,1277,1306]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 50-63 cm (males) and 43-63 cm (females), tail 63— 77 cm (males) and 63-77 cm (females); weight 9-12.5 kg (males) and 6-9 kg (females). These measurements, based mainly on animals from Ivory Coast, reveal some difference in size between males and females, but weights for Sierra Leone specimens show no such dimorphism: males 8-3 kg (6.4-9.6 kg) and females 8-2 kg (7-10 kg). Body of the Upper Guinea Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FD6860AEFD14FA23" box="[561,675,1470,1503]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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is a deep shining black, the tone extending to upper parts of limbs and forward to the forehead. Undersides, including inner surfaces of limbs,all of lower limb segments, and cheeks, are a deep reddish maroon. Pubic area and hind parts of thighs are white. Tail is mostly red, but it becomes darker toward the tip. Face is wrinkled, nearly black, but pink (depigmented) around eyes and mouth. Nostrils are raised on a prominentfleshy base. Skull is broad with a broad palate and short face. Adult female Upper Guinea Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FC2463BAFC58F937" box="[893,1007,1706,1739]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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have a small clitoris, and periodic sexual swellings are large. Infants are gray above and whitish below, with red tones on hands, feet, and tail.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3D6231FB77F895" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3D6231FB77F895" blockId="77.[98,1307,1037,3236]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3D6231FF64F8BE" bold="true" box="[100,211,1825,1858]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary or mature old growth moist forest. The Upper Guinea Red Colobusis more dependent on to tall forest than Temminck’s Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FC206258FC5CF895" box="[889,1003,1864,1897]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FB586258FB03F895" box="[1025,1204,1864,1897]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temminckii">P. temminckii</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3D627FFE40F844" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3D627FFE40F844" blockId="77.[98,1307,1037,3236]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3D627FFEDBF86C" bold="true" box="[100,364,1903,1936]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Upper Guinea Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FD8C627FFCF0F86C" box="[725,839,1903,1936]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
eats young leaves, seeds, mature leaf parts, fruits, and flowers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3D62AEFCE6F737" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3D62AEFCE6F737" blockId="77.[98,1307,1037,3236]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3D62AEFF5DF823" bold="true" box="[100,234,1982,2015]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Although somewhat variable, the female Upper Guinea Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FB0362AEFB7BF823" box="[1114,1228,1982,2015]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
does display a substantial pink sexual swelling during the periovulatory period. Breeding occurs throughout the year. The interbirth interval is ¢.24 months. A single young is born after a gestation of 198 days. Neonates are the same general color as adults but slightly lighter (i.e. grayish on the back with a whitish ventral surface and reddish or orange tints on sides,tail, limbs, and extremities). Subadult males have a large red perineal organ around the anus between the ischial callosities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3B6DC2FD2EF6BD" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3B6DC2FD2EF6BD" blockId="77.[98,1307,1037,3236]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3B6DC2FEE7F70F" bold="true" box="[98,336,2258,2291]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Upper Guinea Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FD9A6DC2FC82F70F" box="[707,821,2258,2291]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is diurnal and arboreal. At Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary, groups spent c.55% their day feeding, 37% resting, 5% moving, and 3% engaging in other activities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3D6C5CFC5EF537" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3D6C5CFC5EF537" blockId="77.[98,1307,1037,3236]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3D6C5CFC8AF695" bold="true" box="[100,829,2380,2409]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Daily movements of the Upper Guinea Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FE416C7FFE3DF66C" box="[280,394,2415,2448]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are ¢.822-922 m, and groups occupy home ranges of 50-65 ha. Group size is 33-90 individuals, with multiple adult males and females. Males stay in their natal groups, and females typically disperse. Females spend more time with males than they do with other females. They groom males and other females equally and support males in conflict. According to A. Korstjens’s study, males groom infrequently and do not support females in conflicts. Upper Guinea Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FC356F24FC69F5A9" box="[876,990,2612,2645]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
suffer from predation by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and they travel with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FC216F4CFBE4F581" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" box="[888,1107,2652,2685]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FB356F4CFF07F558" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diana">Cercopithecus diana</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as a way of mutually enhancing their ability to detect Chimpanzees and other predators such as crowned hawk-eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FF3D6FC2F836FE6C" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FF3D6FC2F836FE6C" blockId="77.[98,1307,1037,3236]" lastBlockId="77.[1376,2582,289,483]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FF3D6FC2FE75F50F" bold="true" box="[100,450,2770,2803]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FE546FE9FE41F4E6" baseAuthorityName="Kerr" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[269,502,2809,2842]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Procolobus badius</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Upper Guinea Red Colobusis listed as Class B in the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. It is threatened mainly by habitat loss and hunting. Deforestation through logging, charcoal production, and clearance for agricultural land, including plantations, has occurred over much of its distribution, especially in the last century. Subsistence and commercial hunting have severely affected populations of the Upper Guinea Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FF3D6EF5FF6FF3FA" box="[100,216,3045,3078]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Improved access to remote forest via logging roads has increased hunting. Much ofits distribution has been impacted by civil conflict since 1989, and it is not yet clear to what extent this has affected populations in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast. The Upper Guinea Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8CFF89FD75694BFD29F380" box="[556,670,3163,3196]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in Tai Forest National Park in Ivory Coast; Sapo National Park in Liberia; and Outamba-Kilimi National Park, Gola Forest Reserve, and Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Sierra Leone. Hunting has reportedly extirpated it in four forest reserves and Marahoué National Park between the Sassandra and Bandama rivers in Ivory Coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8CFF89FA3864B1F5B2FE1D" pageId="77" pageNumber="705" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8CFF89FA3864B1F5B2FE1D" blockId="77.[1376,2582,289,483]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8CFF89FA3864B1FA4CFE46" bold="true" box="[1377,1531,417,442]" pageId="77" pageNumber="705">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bshary & Noé (1997a), Fashing (2011), Groves (2001, 2007b), Grubb et al. (2003), Holenweg et al. (1996), Kitchener (1969), Korstjens (2001a), Kuhn (1972), Struhsaker (1981b, 2010), Wachter et al. (1997).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |