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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5239.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7621749" ID-ZooBank="E446D1F2-B922-45A9-9F6D-01406154594E" checkinTime="1675872344917" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shinohara, Akihiko" docDate="2023" docId="C3620022121442129FC7FD14FBB79049" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5239.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5239 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tremex katayamai Shinohara &amp; Kurihara 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="3F5B785A120242059F50FFEFFFA9966C" masterDocTitle="The woodwasp genus Tremex (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) of Japan" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1677066526697" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The woodwasp genus Tremex (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) of Japan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shinohara, Akihiko</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5239</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>40</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5239.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7621749</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E446D1F2-B922-45A9-9F6D-01406154594E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3620022121442129FC7FD14FBB79049" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3620022121442129FC7FD14FBB79049" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection box="[151,753,762,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,847,762,825]" box="[151,753,762,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,753,762,789]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,753,762,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Shinohara &amp; Kurihara" authorityName="Shinohara &amp; Kurihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,674,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katayamai" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,375,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tremex katayamai</emphasis>
Shinohara &amp; Kurihara
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[686,753,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,847,762,825]" box="[151,847,798,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,251,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,186,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@1.[189,1397,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tremex spp., adult.—A, T. apicalis, eleven individuals, mostly males, staying on trunk of Lithocarpus edulis (Fagaceae), Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture, May 11, 2020; B, T. apicalis, female, ovipositing on trunk of Acer buergerianum (Sapindaceae), Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture, May 10, 2021; C, T. apicalis, male, one of the individuals shown in A; D, T. katayamai, holotype, ovipositing on trunk of Carpinus laxiflora (Betulaceae), Utsunomiya, Tochigi prefecture, June 26, 2021; E, T. contractus, ovipositing on trunk of an unidentified tree (probably Quercus serrata (Fagaceae)), Okayama, Okayama prefecture, April 30, 2021. Photographed by A. Shinohara (A–C), T. Kurihara (D) and H. Takeda (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621753/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[264,297,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tremex spp., female, with parts of measurements (white lines in A, B, D–F) and the names of cells in forewing (C).—A, D, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; B, F, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; C, T. nakanei, Tokyo; E, T. katayamai, holotype. OOCL: ocellar-occipital (carina) line. MPL: median length of pronotum seen from above." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621755/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[309,345,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1435,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, T. fuscicornis, Schwedt, Germany, F, G, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621757/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[357,383,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,565,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[151,1435,561,1764]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Antenna, female (A–G, I) and male (H, J–N).—A. T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Toyota, Aichi; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. nakanei, Ôginosen, Tottori; F, T. contractus, Okayamashi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H. T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; I, T. katayamai, holotype; J, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; K, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; L, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; M, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; N, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621761/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">5I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[395,430,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hind leg, female.—A, T. longicollis, Tsushima, Nagasaki; B, T. katayamai, holotype; C, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; D, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[441,513,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-20@14.[151,1435,181,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Wing, female.—A, T. apicalis, Kisofukushima, Nagano; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. bicinctus, Hôfu, Yamauchi; D, T. bicinctus, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka; E, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; F, T. longicollis, Osaka; G, H, T. katayamai, paratype; I, T. fuscicornis, Akigase, Saitama; J, T. fuscicornis, Kyoto." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621766/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">7G, H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[524,574,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,190,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[173,1414,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, F, T. fuscicornis Inchon, Korea; G, T. fuscicornis, Akigase, Saitama; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621772/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">10D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[586,634,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[175,1383,189,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1435,181,1542]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. bicinctus, holotype; B, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; C, T. katayamai, holotype; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621776/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">11C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[646,677,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,310,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-50@30.[151,1436,309,1899]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Distribution of T. nakanei, T. katayamai and T. okinawensis based on the specimens examined (see Appendix for the collection records and the main text for the data of the type material)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621787/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">15</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[688,782,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,980,1004]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Variation of structural characters, female, 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1FB4E1BC120442039FC7FC3BFD4C9581" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="1FB4E1BC120442039FC7FC3BFD4C9581">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[796,812,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,469,493]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Variation of structural characters, female, 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1FB4E1BC120542029FC7FE3AFD4D9781" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="1FB4E1BC120542029FC7FE3AFD4D9781">2</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[824,839,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="20.[150,238,639,665]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 4. Number of specimens collected in each 10–11 days of April to November." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1FB4E1BC121642119FC6FD90FB8E94F5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="1FB4E1BC121642119FC6FD90FB8E94F5">4</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,297,870,896]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[303,387,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Female</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus box="[401,505,871,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<figureCitation box="[514,605,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,186,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@1.[189,1397,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tremex spp., adult.—A, T. apicalis, eleven individuals, mostly males, staying on trunk of Lithocarpus edulis (Fagaceae), Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture, May 11, 2020; B, T. apicalis, female, ovipositing on trunk of Acer buergerianum (Sapindaceae), Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture, May 10, 2021; C, T. apicalis, male, one of the individuals shown in A; D, T. katayamai, holotype, ovipositing on trunk of Carpinus laxiflora (Betulaceae), Utsunomiya, Tochigi prefecture, June 26, 2021; E, T. contractus, ovipositing on trunk of an unidentified tree (probably Quercus serrata (Fagaceae)), Okayama, Okayama prefecture, April 30, 2021. Photographed by A. Shinohara (A–C), T. Kurihara (D) and H. Takeda (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621753/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[616,650,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tremex spp., female, with parts of measurements (white lines in A, B, D–F) and the names of cells in forewing (C).—A, D, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; B, F, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; C, T. nakanei, Tokyo; E, T. katayamai, holotype. OOCL: ocellar-occipital (carina) line. MPL: median length of pronotum seen from above." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621755/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[661,697,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1435,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, T. fuscicornis, Schwedt, Germany, F, G, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621757/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[708,734,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,565,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[151,1435,561,1764]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Antenna, female (A–G, I) and male (H, J–N).—A. T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Toyota, Aichi; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. nakanei, Ôginosen, Tottori; F, T. contractus, Okayamashi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H. T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; I, T. katayamai, holotype; J, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; K, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; L, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; M, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; N, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621761/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">5I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[745,780,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hind leg, female.—A, T. longicollis, Tsushima, Nagasaki; B, T. katayamai, holotype; C, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; D, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[791,841,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,190,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[173,1414,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, F, T. fuscicornis Inchon, Korea; G, T. fuscicornis, Akigase, Saitama; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621772/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">10D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[852,901,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[175,1383,189,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1435,181,1542]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. bicinctus, holotype; B, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; C, T. katayamai, holotype; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621776/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">11C</figureCitation>
). Length without ovipositor about
<quantity box="[1286,1367,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
. Head pale brown, ocellar area darkened. Mandible brown with apical part black. Antenna pale brown, with flagellomeres 2–6 darkened particularly on ventral/posterior surface. Pronotum pale brown, with ventral lateral surface, narrow ventral anterior margin and narrow posterior margin blackish brown to black. Cervical sclerite black, with pale brown marks on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Mesoscutum pale brown with large anterior lateral parts and narrow posterior margin black. Mesoscutellum, including parascutal lobe, pale brown. Mesepisternum black, with large elongate mark extending from anterior dorsal margin nearly to posterior margin. Mesepimeron black, with posterior 2/3 pale brown. Metanotum black with large pale brown areas. Metepisternum and metepimeron black. Fore leg pale brown, with anterior and lateral surface of coxa and base of trochanter black and apex of femur and base and anterior surface of tibia and tarsomere 1 tinted with creamy white. Mid leg black, with apex of trochanter, most of femur, tibia and tarsus pale brown; apex of femur and basal half of tibia tinted with creamy white. Hind leg black, with narrow apex of femur, basal 1/3 and all inner surface of tibia and all tarsus creamy white; outer surface of apical 2/3 of tibia and apical part of tibia slightly darkened. Wings brownish hyaline, with rather indistinct dark cloud in anterior half of forewing. Abdomen black, with following pale brown: lateral part (but not lateral margin) of tergum 1, most of tergum 2, spot near lateral margin and large paired transverse marks on tergum 6, most of terga 7 and 8 (except large anterolateral margins and narrow obscure mark in anterior part and along median line), tergum 9 (except broad anterior margin, narrow lateral posterior margin and large transverse mark in anterior part of precornal basin) and cornus (apex darkened); sterna 3–6 creamy white (except large lateral margins); ovipositor sheath blackish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Antenna (
<figureCitation box="[306,379,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,565,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[151,1435,561,1764]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Antenna, female (A–G, I) and male (H, J–N).—A. T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Toyota, Aichi; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. nakanei, Ôginosen, Tottori; F, T. contractus, Okayamashi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H. T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; I, T. katayamai, holotype; J, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; K, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; L, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; M, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; N, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621761/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
) with 15 antennomeres, flagellomere 6 about 0.82 times as long as wide. Pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[1289,1374,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1435,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, T. fuscicornis, Schwedt, Germany, F, G, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621757/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
) with MPL about 0.74 times as long as OOCL. Hind tibia about 1.05 times as long as hind tarsomere 1; dorsal margin of hind tibia straight or very shallowly concave (
<figureCitation box="[596,682,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hind leg, female.—A, T. longicollis, Tsushima, Nagasaki; B, T. katayamai, holotype; C, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; D, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Forewing about 1.21 times as long as ovipositor sheath. Abdominal tergum 8 about 0.95 times as long as terga 5–7 combined; precornal basin short, its length about 0.61 times as long as wide, widest in anterior part (
<figureCitation box="[472,561,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tremex spp., female, with parts of measurements (white lines in A, B, D–F) and the names of cells in forewing (C).—A, D, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; B, F, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; C, T. nakanei, Tokyo; E, T. katayamai, holotype. OOCL: ocellar-occipital (carina) line. MPL: median length of pronotum seen from above." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621755/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[572,620,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[175,1383,189,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1435,181,1542]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. bicinctus, holotype; B, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; C, T. katayamai, holotype; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621776/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">11C</figureCitation>
); ovipositor sheath about 2.2 times as long as apical sheath.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,870,2013]" box="[199,389,1735,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis box="[199,257,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Male</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,870,2013]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,319,1770,1796]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Variation.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus box="[376,474,1771,1797]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">holotype</typeStatus>
is the largest and palest specimen. The
<specimenCount box="[917,1105,1771,1797]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
examined vary from
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="17.0">17 to 29 mm</quantity>
in length without ovipositor. The posterior margin of the pronotum is often broadly marked with black. The brownish marks on the mesoscutum, mesepisternum, abdominal tergum 1 and the precornal basin may become ob-solete or missing. The black mark on the abdominal tergum 8 may become larger but always limited in anterior part. The structural characters vary as follows: Antenna with 14 or 15 antennomeres. Pronotum with MPL 0.71–0.81 (av-erage 0.76) times as long as OOCL. Hind tibia 1.05–1.14 (average 1.11) times as long as hind tarsomere 1. Forewing 1.21–1.33 (average 1.28) times as long as ovipositor sheath. Abdominal tergum 8 0.95–1.00 (average 0.97) times as long as terga 5–7 combined; precornal basin short, its length 0.57–0.64 (average 0.6) times as long as wide, always widest in anterior part (
<figureCitation box="[413,503,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tremex spp., female, with parts of measurements (white lines in A, B, D–F) and the names of cells in forewing (C).—A, D, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; B, F, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; C, T. nakanei, Tokyo; E, T. katayamai, holotype. OOCL: ocellar-occipital (carina) line. MPL: median length of pronotum seen from above." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621755/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[514,563,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[175,1383,189,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1435,181,1542]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. bicinctus, holotype; B, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; C, T. katayamai, holotype; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621776/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">11C</figureCitation>
); ovipositor sheath 2.20–2.45 (average 2.36) times as long as apical sheath.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,373,222,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-06-26" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="T. Kurihara" country="Japan" county="Honshu" location="Nagaoka-machi" municipality="Utsunomiya-shi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tochigi" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[380,498,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus box="[380,493,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount box="[505,526,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry box="[540,607,223,249]" name="Japan" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty box="[618,708,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Honshu</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion box="[719,868,223,249]" country="Japan" name="Tochigi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tochigi Pref.</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[879,1061,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Utsunomiya-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3620022121442129FC7FD14FBB79049:4E14E7EF121542129B60FF30FB4D9695" box="[1072,1252,223,249]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Utsunomiya-shi" name="Nagaoka-machi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Tochigi">Nagaoka-machi</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3620022121442129FC7FD14FBB79049:4E14E7EF121542129BBFFF30FA319695" box="[1263,1432,223,249]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Utsunomiya-shi" name="Shimonagaoka" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Tochigi">Shimonagaoka</location>
,
<date box="[151,295,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2021-06-26">
<collectingDate box="[151,295,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2021-06-26">26. VI. 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[305,434,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. Kurihara</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[448,532,259,285]" country="Japan" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">NSMT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation box="[551,1196,259,285]" collectingDate="2021-06-26" collectionCode="NSMT, TPM" collectorName="T. Kurihara" country="Japan" county="Honshu" location="Nagaoka-machi" municipality="Utsunomiya-shi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Tochigi" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[551,671,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus box="[551,671,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount box="[685,721,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, same data as for holotype (
<collectionCode box="[1034,1114,259,285]" country="Japan" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">NSMT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[1125,1188,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">TPM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-06-21" collectionCode="NSMT, TPM" collectorName="T. Kurihara" country="Japan" county="Honshu" location="Nagaoka-machi" municipality="Utsunomiya-shi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Tochigi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[1207,1243,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, same data as for holotype, except for
<date box="[383,524,295,321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2021-06-21">
<collectingDate box="[383,524,295,321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2021-06-21">21. VI. 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[538,618,295,321]" country="Japan" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">NSMT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[629,692,295,321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">TPM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,649,330,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" box="[199,649,330,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,330,356]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[361,444,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,310,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-50@30.[151,1436,309,1899]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Distribution of T. nakanei, T. katayamai and T. okinawensis based on the specimens examined (see Appendix for the collection records and the main text for the data of the type material)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621787/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry box="[464,528,331,357]" name="Japan" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Honshu).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,340,367,393]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Host plants</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName box="[359,503,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authority="(Wesm.) H. Ohashi f." authorityName="H. Ohashi f." baseAuthorityName="Wesm." box="[518,1208,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pictum" subSpecies="dissectum">
<emphasis box="[518,659,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Acer pictum</emphasis>
Thunb. subsp.
<emphasis box="[844,954,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">dissectum</emphasis>
(Wesm.) H.Ohashi f.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1219,1329,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">dissectum</emphasis>
(Wesm.) H.Ohashi.
<taxonomicName authorityName="S.F.Gray" authorityYear="1822" box="[277,404,402,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authority="(Siebold et Zucc.) Blume." authorityName="Blume." baseAuthorityName="Siebold et Zucc." box="[421,955,402,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxiflora">
<emphasis box="[421,634,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Carpinus laxiflora</emphasis>
(Siebold et Zucc.) Blume.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[967,1076,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authority="Murray." authorityName="Murray." box="[1091,1381,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis box="[1091,1279,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Quercus serrata</emphasis>
Murray.
</taxonomicName>
The collector observed oviposition on the weakened trees of the above three plant species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,328,474,500]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named after Dr. Eisuke Katayama, Ôtawara, who first realized the importance of the newly acquired material and kindly brought it to Shinohara’s attention.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,545,571]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shinohara &amp; Kurihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[321,525,545,571]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katayamai">
<emphasis box="[321,525,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tremex katayamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may look similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Togashi" authorityYear="1965" box="[752,901,545,571]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">
<emphasis box="[752,901,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. fuscicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[914,1029,545,571]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nakanei">
<emphasis box="[914,1029,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. nakanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName box="[1064,1208,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contractus">
<emphasis box="[1064,1208,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. contractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among the Japanese congeners but it will be separated from the latter three species by the characters given in the key.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shinohara &amp; Kurihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,406,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katayamai">
<emphasis box="[199,406,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tremex katayamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
runs to
<taxonomicName box="[502,664,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis box="[502,664,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A." box="[673,1016,617,643]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref27704" refString="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A. (1921) Praecursoriae Siricidarum novorum diagnoses (Hymenoptera). Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Petrograd, 17, 81 - 95." type="journal article" year="1921">Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1921</bibRefCitation>
, in
<bibRefCitation author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[1060,1313,617,644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref24744" refString="Gussakovskij, V. V. (1935) Insectes Hymenopteres, Chalastogastra 1, Fauna SSSR. 2 (1). Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, Leningrad, 453 pp. [in Russian and German]" type="book" year="1935">Gussakovskij’s (1935)</bibRefCitation>
key to the Palaearctic species. In
<bibRefCitation author="Maa, T. - C." box="[408,559,653,679]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="11 - 189" refId="ref25790" refString="Maa, T. - C. (1949) A synopsis of Asiatic Siricoidea with notes on certain exotic and fossil forms. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 13, 11 - 189." type="journal article" year="1949">Maa’s (1949)</bibRefCitation>
key to the Old World species,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shinohara &amp; Kurihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[908,1054,652,678]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katayamai">
<emphasis box="[908,1054,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. katayamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
goes to couplet 12. It agrees with the first line (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maa" authorityYear="1949" box="[311,462,688,714]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="temporalis">
<emphasis box="[311,462,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. temporalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the comparatively long pronotum (about 2/3 as long as the ocello-occipital line) but disagrees with it in the largely pale brown head and thorax. The new species agrees with the second line (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[298,428,760,786]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jakovlevi">
<emphasis box="[298,428,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. jakovlevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Togashi" authorityYear="1965" box="[485,636,760,786]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">
<emphasis box="[485,636,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. fuscicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the largely pale brown head and thorax but disagrees with it in the comparatively long pronotum (not “at most about a-half as long as the ocello-occipital line”). Although
<bibRefCitation author="Maa, T. - C." box="[1305,1436,796,822]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="11 - 189" refId="ref25790" refString="Maa, T. - C. (1949) A synopsis of Asiatic Siricoidea with notes on certain exotic and fossil forms. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 13, 11 - 189." type="journal article" year="1949">Maa (1949)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName box="[255,414,831,857]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis box="[255,414,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his key, he suggested synonymy of this species with
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Togashi" authorityYear="1965" box="[1039,1190,831,857]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">
<emphasis box="[1039,1190,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. fuscicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the discussion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
On the other hand,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shinohara &amp; Kurihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[413,557,867,893]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katayamai">
<emphasis box="[413,557,867,893]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. katayamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
runs to
<taxonomicName authority="Xiao &amp; Wu, 1983" authorityName="Xiao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="1983" box="[646,1018,867,893]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guangchenii">
<emphasis box="[646,811,867,893]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. guangchenii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J." box="[817,1018,867,893]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref29617" refString="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J. (1983) The Siricid woodwasps of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 19, 1 - 29. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1983">Xiao &amp; Wu, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in the keys to the Chinese species by
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J." box="[151,360,903,929]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref29617" refString="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J. (1983) The Siricid woodwasps of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 19, 1 - 29. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1983">Xiao &amp; Wu (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G. &amp; Huang, X. &amp; Zhou, S. &amp; Wu, J. &amp; Zhang, P." box="[414,613,903,929]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref29568" refString="Xiao, G., Huang, X., Zhou, S., Wu, J. &amp; Zhang, P. (1992) Economic Sawfly Fauna of China. Tianze Eldonejo, Beijing, 4 + 8 + 221 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1992">
Xiao
<emphasis box="[475,523,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. (1992)
</bibRefCitation>
, despite that these keys also include
<taxonomicName box="[1021,1180,903,929]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis box="[1021,1180,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the couplet
<quantity box="[1353,1396,903,929]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
the former key and the couplet
<quantity box="[466,510,938,964]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
the latter key,
<taxonomicName box="[680,841,938,964]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis box="[680,841,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xiao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="1983" box="[907,1078,938,964]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gongliuensis">
<emphasis box="[907,1078,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. gongliuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Togashi" authorityYear="1965" box="[1134,1286,938,964]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">
<emphasis box="[1134,1286,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. fuscicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is separated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xiao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="1983" box="[213,379,974,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guangchenii">
<emphasis box="[213,379,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. guangchenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maa" authorityYear="1949" box="[443,591,974,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="temporalis">
<emphasis box="[443,591,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. temporalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Togashi" authorityYear="1980" box="[646,721,974,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abei">
<emphasis box="[646,721,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. abei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by the relative lengths of the pronotum;
<taxonomicName box="[1190,1350,974,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis box="[1190,1350,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the median length of the pronotum (MPL) about 1/2 of the ocello-occipital distance (OOCL), whereas
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xiao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="1983" box="[1270,1436,1010,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guangchenii">
<emphasis box="[1270,1436,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. guangchenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has it about 2/3 of the OOL. The length of the pronotum in
<taxonomicName box="[867,1030,1045,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis box="[867,1030,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not mentioned in the original description (
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A." box="[293,633,1081,1107]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref27704" refString="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A. (1921) Praecursoriae Siricidarum novorum diagnoses (Hymenoptera). Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Petrograd, 17, 81 - 95." type="journal article" year="1921">Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1921</bibRefCitation>
), while
<bibRefCitation author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[729,966,1081,1108]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref24744" refString="Gussakovskij, V. V. (1935) Insectes Hymenopteres, Chalastogastra 1, Fauna SSSR. 2 (1). Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, Leningrad, 453 pp. [in Russian and German]" type="book" year="1935">Gussakovskij (1935)</bibRefCitation>
, most probably after examining the
<typeStatus box="[1388,1436,1082,1108]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
material, mentioned “pronotum, as in
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Togashi" authorityYear="1965" box="[582,733,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">
<emphasis box="[582,733,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. fuscicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F., not elongated, much shorter in middle than vertex” (p. 72, original in Russian). I follow
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J." box="[483,693,1153,1179]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref29617" refString="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J. (1983) The Siricid woodwasps of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 19, 1 - 29. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1983">Xiao &amp; Wu (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G. &amp; Huang, X. &amp; Zhou, S. &amp; Wu, J. &amp; Zhang, P." box="[748,947,1153,1179]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref29568" refString="Xiao, G., Huang, X., Zhou, S., Wu, J. &amp; Zhang, P. (1992) Economic Sawfly Fauna of China. Tianze Eldonejo, Beijing, 4 + 8 + 221 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1992">
Xiao
<emphasis box="[809,858,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. (1992)
</bibRefCitation>
for the interpretation of
<taxonomicName box="[1223,1382,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis box="[1223,1382,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shinohara &amp; Kurihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,404,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katayamai">
<emphasis box="[199,404,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tremex katayamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName box="[551,710,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis box="[551,710,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the antenna with 14 or 15 antennomeres, the pronotum with the MPL 0.71–0.81 (average 0.76) times as long as OOCL, the hind tibia largely black (whitish at least basally) (
<figureCitation box="[255,341,1260,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hind leg, female.—A, T. longicollis, Tsushima, Nagasaki; B, T. katayamai, holotype; C, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; D, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621763/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) and the tergum 8 entirely pale brown except for a narrow transverse black mark near the anterior margin (
<figureCitation box="[245,346,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[175,1383,189,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1435,181,1542]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. bicinctus, holotype; B, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; C, T. katayamai, holotype; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621776/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName box="[366,586,1296,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulacrum">
<emphasis box="[366,586,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tremex simulacrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only 13 antennomeres, the median length of the pronotum (MPL) about 1/2 of OOCL, the hind tibia yellowish and the apical half of the tergum 8 black (
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A." box="[1091,1431,1331,1358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref27704" refString="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A. (1921) Praecursoriae Siricidarum novorum diagnoses (Hymenoptera). Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Petrograd, 17, 81 - 95." type="journal article" year="1921">Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1921</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[151,368,1367,1394]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref24744" refString="Gussakovskij, V. V. (1935) Insectes Hymenopteres, Chalastogastra 1, Fauna SSSR. 2 (1). Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, Leningrad, 453 pp. [in Russian and German]" type="book" year="1935">Gussakovskij 1935</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J." box="[380,576,1367,1394]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref29617" refString="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J. (1983) The Siricid woodwasps of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 19, 1 - 29. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1983">Xiao &amp; Wu 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shinohara &amp; Kurihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,406,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katayamai">
<emphasis box="[199,406,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tremex katayamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xiao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="1983" box="[609,776,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guangchenii">
<emphasis box="[609,776,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. guangchenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the pale brown antenna (
<figureCitation box="[1098,1176,1403,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,565,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[151,1435,561,1764]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Antenna, female (A–G, I) and male (H, J–N).—A. T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Toyota, Aichi; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. nakanei, Ôginosen, Tottori; F, T. contractus, Okayamashi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H. T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; I, T. katayamai, holotype; J, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; K, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; L, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; M, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; N, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621761/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
) and ovipositor sheath (sometimes partly darkened), the entirely or mostly black abdominal tergum 3, and the ovipositor sheath 2.2– 2.45 (average 2.34) times as long as the apical sheath.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xiao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="1983" box="[774,1002,1475,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guangchenii">
<emphasis box="[774,1002,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tremex guangchenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the antennomeres 3–10 black, the abdominal tergum 3 reddish brown with the posterior margin black and the ovipositor sheath blackish brown and about 2.1 times as long as the apical sheath (
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J." box="[649,845,1547,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref29617" refString="Xiao, G. &amp; Wu, J. (1983) The Siricid woodwasps of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 19, 1 - 29. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1983">Xiao &amp; Wu 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G. &amp; Huang, X. &amp; Zhou, S. &amp; Wu, J. &amp; Zhang, P." box="[857,1042,1547,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref29568" refString="Xiao, G., Huang, X., Zhou, S., Wu, J. &amp; Zhang, P. (1992) Economic Sawfly Fauna of China. Tianze Eldonejo, Beijing, 4 + 8 + 221 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1992">
Xiao
<emphasis box="[919,968,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. 1992
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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