201 lines
20 KiB
XML
201 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="4AE47A074BD8CC9775270AC9AF2C6884" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F5071399DBFF60037BF824F89FFDC7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Philantomba hecki" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="715" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="715" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C8761DCC3F3951CEF803FE323945B273" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B6FA55E9E308F0ED72F6F5BCD094D027">
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<mods:title id="FE2C220772AED7658B5347B6145B7045">Bovidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B739EF6599C1185DA82927E43619B6DC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A7325C258B0C4C9C3116CF03C7E08BC3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BBF3F44C6043FFDBA9F4503291D6AE65">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="178DF9A0CF2782902A9A961DAE0D9BF2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B53ACAF02EDA7B87A23857E718F2CA19">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3DB69AFE79BA9BA05554E189BE33FF8C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9CC139FD9994ABE7109D95D7B440AED4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="44564D4DA6D0AA49B2CB6B997E5BEAA7">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="9A7E01452F0BFA49BC269FDB7C1912FF" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="C5DEEC65C165D62D9B1F6CDD9365DEF8">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="03B6EC74FB890D1736A263E243F49216">
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<mods:placeTerm id="2696DCCD8C35D7A150B5A3BB63B5A310">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="887424E666200475705B320F1660B4A7">
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<mods:title id="FC57EC2BBE204A0A220AB804F661D5A1">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="441D2A8B41D3F567994FB5341F84947B">
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<mods:classification id="56BF5C21F0DD6D992690560E087AFDA6">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CE8AFF9F5D996C61C8B28F970A73B19D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="34F30755527852E3AC670EA1621ED1B0" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F5071399DBFF60037BF824F89FFDC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6773165" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6773165" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5071399DBFF60037BF824F89FFDC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5071399DBFF60037BF824F89FFDC7" lastPageNumber="715" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037BF824FF53F851" box="[109,190,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037BF824FF53F851" blockId="144.[106,1046,1958,2043]" box="[109,190,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<heading id="D0AB016999DBFF60037BF824FF53F851" box="[109,190,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA8099DBFF60037BF824FF53F851" box="[109,190,1958,2000]" captionStart="Plate 51: Bovidae" captionStartId="142.[106,136,3389,3414]" captionTargetBox="[14,2769,14,3636]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="233. Western Blue Duiker (Philantomba congica), 234. Bioko Blue Duiker (Philantomba melanorhea), 235. Eastern Blue Duiker (Philantomba aequatorialis), 236. Mountain Blue Duiker (Philantomba lugens), 237. Simpson’s Blue Duiker (Philantomba simpsoni), 238. Malawi Blue Duiker (Philantomba hecki), 239. Zimbabwe Blue Duiker (Philantomba bicolor), 240. Cape Blue Duiker (Philantomba monticola), 241. Angolan Blue Duiker (Philantomba anchietae), 242. Zambian Blue Duiker (Philantomba defries)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512969/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">238.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6003D9F824FD86F851" box="[207,619,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6003D9F824FD86F851" blockId="144.[106,1046,1958,2043]" box="[207,619,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<heading id="D0AB016999DBFF6003D9F824FD86F851" box="[207,619,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<vernacularName id="055FC62B99DBFF6003D9F824FD86F851" box="[207,619,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF6003D9F824FEB2F851" box="[207,351,1958,2000]" name="Malawi" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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Blue Duiker
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001A6F824FC1BF851" box="[688,1014,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001A6F824FC1BF851" blockId="144.[106,1046,1958,2043]" box="[688,1014,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<heading id="D0AB016999DBFF6001A6F824FC1BF851" box="[688,1014,1958,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF6001A6F824FC1BF851" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[688,1014,1958,2000]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hecki">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6001A6F824FC1BF851" box="[688,1014,1958,2000]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Philantomba hecki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037AF863FBFBF877" box="[108,1046,2017,2038]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037AF863FBFBF877" blockId="144.[106,1046,1958,2043]" box="[108,1046,2017,2038]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<heading id="D0AB016999DBFF60037AF863FBFBF877" box="[108,1046,2017,2038]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037AF863FF55F877" bold="true" box="[108,184,2017,2038]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99DBFF6003D7F863FE7CF877" box="[193,401,2017,2038]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Céphalophe de Heck</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6002B0F863FDEDF877" bold="true" box="[422,512,2017,2038]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99DBFF60011DF863FD24F877" box="[523,713,2017,2038]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Malawi-Blauducker</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6001CBF863FCD5F877" bold="true" box="[733,824,2017,2038]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99DBFF600054F863FC6FF877" box="[834,898,2017,2038]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Duiker</vernacularName>
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azul de
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF6000C1F863FBFBF877" box="[983,1046,2017,2038]" name="Malawi" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Malaui</collectingCountry>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001C5F7A1FCF1F7ED" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001C5F7A1FCF1F7ED" blockId="144.[722,1309,2083,2510]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6001C5F7A1FC83F7C5" bold="true" box="[723,878,2083,2116]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF60009DF7A1FCF5F7ED" authority="Matschie, 1897" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hecki">Cephalophus hecki Matschie, 1897</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60003EF7CDFC08F7ED" box="[808,997,2127,2156]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60003EF7CDFC08F7ED" blockId="144.[722,1309,2083,2510]" box="[808,997,2127,2156]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B34BC5899DBFF60003EF7CDFC08F7ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198485" box="[808,997,2127,2156]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF60003EF7CDFC0CF7ED" box="[808,993,2127,2156]" name="Mozambique" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001C5F7F4FC16F73A" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001C5F7F4FC16F73A" blockId="144.[722,1309,2083,2510]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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Formerly included as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF600610F7F4FCBDF73A" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001C5F747FCC5F6B0" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D99DBFF6001C5F747FCC5F6B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512831/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" targetBox="[105,699,2094,2511]" targetPageId="144">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001C5F747FCC5F6B0" blockId="144.[722,1309,2083,2510]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6001C5F747FC6FF763" bold="true" box="[723,898,2245,2274]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Distribution.</emphasis>
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NE
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF6000C3F747FBD0F763" box="[981,1085,2245,2274]" name="Zambia" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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(E of the Luangwa valley),
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF6000AEF76AFBF6F688" box="[952,1051,2280,2313]" name="Malawi" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, and N
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF6007B8F76AFCC9F6B0" name="Mozambique" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001C5F6B5FB87F4D9" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001C5F6B5FB87F4D9" blockId="144.[722,1309,2083,2510]" lastBlockId="144.[107,1310,2517,3453]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6001C5F6B5FC20F6D9" bold="true" box="[723,973,2359,2392]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 55-65 cm, tail
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099DBFF600002F6E1FC88F601" box="[788,869,2403,2432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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, shoulder height 30-37 cm; weight 4-7 kg (4.5-2 kg) in males and 5-3 kg (4.3-6.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099DBFF600086F62FFC20F64F" box="[912,973,2477,2510]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" unit="kg" value="2.0">2 kg</quantity>
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) in females. The overall color is reddish; the rufous-gray or brown dorsum blends into pale rufous flanks. The rump is medium to dark brown (not black), and is especially dark at the sides of the tail. There is a sharp demarcation between the dark rump and the pale red haunches. The legs have a reddish tone, and the pasterns may be brown or colored as the legs. The underparts vary from extensively white to very pale reddish-gray with white patches in the axillary and inguinal regions and along the midline. The forehead is dark brown, and rufous superciliary streaks clearly demarcate the edges ofthis dark patch. The outsides of the ears are dark brown, and each ear has a rufous patch at the base. A pair of short, straight horns is present in both sexes; average horn length is 4:
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099DBFF6000E9F48DFBB4F4B1" box="[1023,1113,2831,2864]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" unit="cm" value="27.0">27 cm</quantity>
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in males and 2.8 cm in females. Dental formulais10/3, C0/1,P 3/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037AF4E0FC00F3C2" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037AF4E0FC00F3C2" blockId="144.[107,1310,2517,3453]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037AF4E0FF37F4FE" bold="true" box="[108,218,2914,2943]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Found in forests and thickets. The most commonly used forests in northern
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF60037BF40BFF20F427" box="[109,205,2953,2982]" name="Malawi" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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are dominated by Podocarpus milanjianus, Kiggelaria
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF6000B0F40BFB7BF427" authority="Diospyros" authorityName="Diospyros" box="[934,1174,2953,2982]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Commelina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">africana, Diospyros</taxonomicName>
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whyteana, and Olinia
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF600219F42FFE97F44F" box="[271,378,2989,3022]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Commelina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">africana</taxonomicName>
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. Preferred habitats (highest population densities) are correlated with a balance between high canopy and dense undergrowth. Ground cover provides essential protection from predators such as the crowned hawk-eagle (Stephanoaetus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF600378F3A4FF01F3C2" box="[110,236,3110,3139]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Bovini" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="coronatus">coronatus</taxonomicName>
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), which frequently preys upon the
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF6001C0F3A4FCDBF3C2" box="[726,822,3110,3139]" name="Malawi" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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Blue Duiker.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037AF3C8FC75F360" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037AF3C8FC75F360" blockId="144.[107,1310,2517,3453]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037AF3C8FE9DF3EA" bold="true" box="[108,368,3146,3179]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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A selective forager that feeds on fallen fruit and leaves. The
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF6007ADF3C8FAF6F3EA" box="[1211,1307,3146,3179]" name="Malawi" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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Blue Duiker generally feeds from the forest floor, but it will occasionally browse directly from plants. Wild individuals have been recorded feeding on the fruits of Adenia
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF600378F346FE6FF360" authority="Chrysophyllum" authorityName="Chrysophyllum" box="[110,386,3268,3297]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Commelina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stolzii">stolzii, Chrysophyllum</taxonomicName>
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gorungosanum, and Garcinia kingaensis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037AF365FC42F289" box="[108,943,3303,3336]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037AF365FC42F289" blockId="144.[107,1310,2517,3453]" box="[108,943,3303,3336]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037AF365FF1FF289" bold="true" box="[108,242,3303,3336]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is no information available for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037DF290FBFFF2AE" box="[107,1042,3346,3375]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037DF290FBFFF2AE" blockId="144.[107,1310,2517,3453]" box="[107,1042,3346,3375]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037DF290FEBBF2AE" bold="true" box="[107,342,3346,3375]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037BF2B8FEACF2FC" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037BF2B8FEACF2FC" blockId="144.[107,1310,2517,3453]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037BF2B8FCDFF2D6" bold="true" box="[109,818,3386,3415]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF600675FE93F9C7FE76" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF600675FE93F9C7FE76" blockId="144.[1378,2579,273,586]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF600675FE93F92FFEB3" bold="true" box="[1379,1730,273,306]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II (under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF600B4FFE93F710FEB3" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[2137,2301,273,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (combined with the nine blue duiker species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF60068CFEE2F9DAFE00" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1434,1591,352,385]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex). The distribution of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF600B3AFEE2F761FE00" box="[2092,2188,352,385]" name="Malawi" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
Blue Duiker has been considerably fragmented as a result of habitat destruction; numbers have been reduced by overhunting.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF60055AFE2DF941FE51" box="[1612,1708,431,464]" name="Malawi" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
Blue Duikers are present in several forest reserves and Nyika National Park.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF600675FD84F89FFDC7" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF600675FD84F89FFDC7" blockId="144.[1378,2579,273,586]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF600675FD84FA10FD9E" bold="true" box="[1379,1533,518,543]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Dowsett-Lemaire (1988), East (1999), Grubb & Groves (2001), IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008as), Lydekker (1914), Wilson (2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |