210 lines
21 KiB
XML
210 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="8CD800422C39E0D04A356CD7F318C51A" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F50713995BFFE00377F4B2F90BF718" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Syncerus mathewsi Hodgson 1847" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="587" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="587" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D90D88E6AC5B98756BDC2D723412A156" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C4089C3B3A4244305217C55871D82825">
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<mods:title id="4F94206128799AE74E1018409584E605">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5FA4D10E13E93819813B48077540DA34" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="119B95F27083AB9172F1B5693C4F69FE">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="496F24275ABF30040ABF328FE57DB3F2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4E9082F551A2DD189535BBACFEA72EFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E0D51246BAD4E514297032AB6BB57C29">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5929507FB43D90BC70A41A0F04091EEF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="6BAC8B971614D182FD6285496E481A83">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="90C9FB044BD187394E63A3E6498A62F6" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="C9A5044355E4E61AA10D364AD80B9F09">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="8BDE5C735F01545D183739D75707017B">
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<mods:placeTerm id="F35D57E6717E9F2CEF1C0D4CA4844DA6">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="90D0E8FC312E7025F2B58B348682928E">
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<mods:title id="2562FE482BE4F380375CA74FF4112746">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2270FCA96A280E084BB23B23D0FAD07B">
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<mods:extent id="1A374B18C9F57D4FA3CE3B3D30FF661C" unit="page">
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<mods:classification id="D57E20F32FE79F11B8BAF9B6986BC16E">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D449828A8F0DC274764FC9FA46AD91FC" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F50713995BFFE00377F4B2F90BF718" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6636731" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6636731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F50713995BFFE00377F4B2F90BF718" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F50713995BFFE00377F4B2F90BF718" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00377F4B2FF7AF4DF" box="[97,151,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00377F4B2FF7AF4DF" blockId="16.[92,943,2864,2988]" box="[97,151,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<heading id="D0AB0169995BFFE00377F4B2FF7AF4DF" box="[97,151,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA80995BFFE00377F4B2FF7AF4DF" box="[97,151,2864,2910]" captionStart="Plate 22: Bovidae" captionStartId="2.[99,129,3427,3452]" captionTargetBox="[13,2749,13,3634]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Gaur (Bos gaurus), 2. Banteng (Bos javanicus), 3. Kouprey (Bos sauveli)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512919/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">12.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE003B3F4B2FE1FF4DF" box="[165,498,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE003B3F4B2FE1FF4DF" blockId="16.[92,943,2864,2988]" box="[165,498,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<heading id="D0AB0169995BFFE003B3F4B2FE1FF4DF" box="[165,498,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B995BFFE003B3F4B2FE1FF4DF" box="[165,498,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Virunga Buffalo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE0012CF4B2FC6FF4DF" box="[570,898,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE0012CF4B2FC6FF4DF" blockId="16.[92,943,2864,2988]" box="[570,898,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<heading id="D0AB0169995BFFE0012CF4B2FC6FF4DF" box="[570,898,2864,2910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86995BFFE0012CF4B2FC6FF4DF" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1847" box="[570,898,2864,2910]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Syncerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mathewsi">
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<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE0012CF4B2FC6FF4DF" box="[570,898,2864,2910]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Syncerus mathewsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE0034BF4F2FDE4F42D" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE0034BF4F2FC42F404" blockId="16.[92,943,2864,2988]" box="[93,943,2928,2949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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||
<heading id="D0AB0169995BFFE0034BF4F2FC42F404" box="[93,943,2928,2949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE0034BF4F2FF47F404" bold="true" box="[93,170,2928,2949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B995BFFE003A2F4F2FE9EF404" box="[180,371,2928,2949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Buffle de Mathews</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE0029FF4F2FE09F404" bold="true" box="[393,484,2928,2949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B995BFFE002FAF4F2FD95F404" box="[492,632,2928,2949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Virunga-Buffel</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00198F4F2FD04F404" bold="true" box="[654,745,2928,2949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B995BFFE001E5F4F2FCDDF404" box="[755,816,2928,2949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Blufalo</vernacularName>
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de montana
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE0034BF415FDE4F42D" blockId="16.[92,943,2864,2988]" box="[93,521,2967,2988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<heading id="D0AB0169995BFFE0034BF415FDE4F42D" box="[93,521,2967,2988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE0034BF415FEBEF42D" bold="true" box="[93,339,2967,2988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B995BFFE00248F415FDE4F42D" box="[350,521,2967,2988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Mountain Buffalo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE001D3F45AFCE0F3A3" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE001D3F45AFCE0F3A3" blockId="16.[709,1295,3032,3459]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE001D3F45AFCB0F478" bold="true" box="[709,861,3032,3065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86995BFFE00065F45AFCE4F3A3" authority="Lydekker, 1904" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="caffer" subSpecies="mathews">Bos caffer mathews: Lydekker, 1904</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00033F38BFB0DF2B5" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00033F38BFB0DF2B5" blockId="16.[709,1295,3032,3459]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC58995BFFE00033F38BFB0DF2B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198409" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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||
Mfumbiro district, on a volcanic mountain west of Kiva, on the borderland between the
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE00092F3CCFB92F3EE" box="[900,1151,3150,3183]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Congo Free State</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE007C3F3CCFC4CF316" name="Burundi" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">German East Africa</collectingCountry>
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, in a forest at an elevation of between 7000 and
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<quantity id="4CA41BE0995BFFE000EDF31FFB90F33F" box="[1019,1149,3229,3262]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4384" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" unit="ft" value="8000.0">8000 feet</quantity>
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. Modified by Lydekker in 1913 to
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE0070CF347FB68F367" box="[1050,1157,3269,3302]" name="Rwanda" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Ruanda</collectingCountry>
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(=
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE007AAF347FD06F28C" name="Rwanda" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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), north-east of Lake Kivu, between Tanganyika and the Albert-Edward Nyanza.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE001D0F2B8F717FE09" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE001D0F2B8F717FE09" blockId="16.[709,1295,3032,3459]" lastBlockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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The Virunga Buffalo was traditionally considered merely an intermediate form between the Cape Buffalo (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86995BFFE005F5FE9AF8A2FEB8" baseAuthorityName="Sparrman" baseAuthorityYear="1779" box="[1763,1871,280,313]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Syncerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caffer">S. caffer</taxonomicName>
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) and the Forest Buffalo (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86995BFFE00BD0FE9AF6ACFEB8" box="[2246,2369,280,313]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Syncerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">S. nanus</taxonomicName>
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), but current evidence suggests that it is not simply an intergrade, but a homogeneous taxon distinct from all other African buffaloes.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86995BFFE00434FEE5F87FFE09" box="[1826,1938,359,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Syncerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cotton">S. cotton</taxonomicName>
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: is a synonym. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00645FE0CF932FE7F" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D995BFFE00645FE0CF932FE7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512513/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" targetBox="[92,685,3041,3456]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00645FE0CF932FE7F" blockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00645FE0CF9EFFE2E" bold="true" box="[1363,1538,398,431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Extreme SW
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE005D4FE0CF8DCFE2E" box="[1730,1841,398,431]" name="Uganda" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE00470FE0CF838FE2E" box="[1894,2005,398,431]" name="Rwanda" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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and E
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE00B23FE0CF72AFE2E" box="[2101,2247,398,431]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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(North Kivu province, where restricted to the forested mountains from the Virunga volcanoes north along the W side of Lake Edward).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00645FD86F90CFBF2" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00645FD86F90CFBF2" blockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00645FD86F9A2FDA4" bold="true" box="[1363,1615,516,549]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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No specific measurements are available, but the Virunga Buffalo is about the same size as the Lake
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE00428FDADF865FDCD" box="[1854,1928,559,588]" name="Chad" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Chad</collectingCountry>
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Buffalo (S.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86995BFFE00B20FDADF72BFDCD" box="[2102,2246,559,588]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyceros">brachyceros</taxonomicName>
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). The Virunga Buffalo is stocky in build, like other African buffaloes, with relatively short legs. Both sexes of the Virunga Buffalo have smooth, dark brown to black coats, often with reddish tones, especially on females. Reddish individuals have a dark dorsal stripe and dark shanks. The horns of the Virunga Buffalo are about the same length, but less widely spread, than the horns of the Lake
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE005C7FD72F8F6FC90" box="[1745,1819,752,785]" name="Chad" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Chad</collectingCountry>
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Buffalo, so that the length of each horn is only somewhat less than the total span. Horn span is 62:1-74.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE0995BFFE00B38FC95F79AFCB9" box="[2094,2167,791,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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, and horn length along the curve is 53-72 cm. In males, the bases of horns are expanded and flattened but do not form a convex boss, as they do in the Cape Buffalo. The skull is massive but short and broad, and convex in profile. The greatest length of the skull is 45-50.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE0995BFFE00A29FC0FF668FC2F" box="[2367,2437,909,942]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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, and the mastoid breadth is 25:9-30.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE0995BFFE005C1FC3AF8CCFC54" box="[1751,1825,952,981]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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||
. The mouth is wide, and the nose is moist and bare. The ears are generously fringed with hair, more so than on the Cape Buffalo or the Lake
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE006B7FB81FA06FBA5" box="[1441,1515,1027,1060]" name="Chad" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Chad</collectingCountry>
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Buffalo. Thetail is tufted (with dirty white hairs on the type specimen). No scent glands have been described in the Virunga Buffalo. Dental formula is I 0/3, C 0/1,P 3/3, M3/3 (x2) =32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00645FBFBF618FA07" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00645FBFBF618FA07" blockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00645FBFBFA2FFB1B" bold="true" box="[1363,1474,1145,1178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The Virunga Buffalo is restricted to tropical montane forests and prefers open meadows. In Volcanoes National Park,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE004CFFB2AF7A4FB40" box="[2009,2121,1192,1217]" name="Rwanda" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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, at elevations of 3000-3600 m, Virunga Buffaloes use a variety of habitats, including mountain meadows, bamboo stands, and alpine areas. Their densities, estimated from fecal counts, were highest in mountain meadow habitats throughout the year (4-157 ind/km?) but bamboo stands were important in March-May (10-5 ind/km?®) and September-November (9-5 ind/ km?). Alpine habitats were the least used of the available habitats (0-5-1-6 ind/km?).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00645FA0EF7C9FA54" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00645FA0EF7C9FA54" blockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00645FA0EF9B4FA2C" bold="true" box="[1363,1625,1420,1453]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but perhaps diets are most comparable to Forest Buffaloes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00645FA59F89FF9A2" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00645FA59F89FF9A2" blockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00645FA59FA34FA7D" bold="true" box="[1363,1497,1499,1532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but probably very comparable to other African buffaloes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00647F9A8F85EF9F3" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00647F9A8F85EF9F3" blockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00647F9A8F9D0F9CA" bold="true" box="[1361,1597,1578,1611]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but probably comparable to other African buffaloes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00645F9FEF88EF88E" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00645F9FEF88EF88E" blockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00645F9FEF7CCF918" bold="true" box="[1363,2081,1660,1689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but given this mountainous habitat, movements, home range, and group sizes are no doubt smaller than Cape and Lake
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995BFFE00B6DF944F728F966" box="[2171,2245,1734,1767]" name="Chad" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
Buffaloes and perhaps more comparable to Forest Buffaloes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00642F89BF670F7A3" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00642F89BF670F7A3" blockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00642F89BF95FF8B7" bold="true" box="[1364,1714,1817,1846]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (included under S.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86995BFFE006CFF8BFF9F3F8DF" box="[1497,1566,1853,1886]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caffer">caffer</taxonomicName>
|
||
as all African buffaloes). Range-wide, the number of African buffaloes has been greatly reduced from historic levels because of land-use changes, disease (notably anthrax, rinderpest, and bovine tuberculosis), poaching, and extended drought, and in localized areas, these are still common threats. Little is known about the current status of the Virunga Buffalo, but the Rwandan civil war in the 1990s may have decreased numbers, particularly on the west side of Parc National des Volcans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995BFFE00643F7B2F90BF718" pageId="16" pageNumber="587" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995BFFE00643F7B2F90BF718" blockId="16.[1361,2566,280,2201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17995BFFE00643F7B2FA02F7C8" bold="true" box="[1365,1519,2096,2121]" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
East (1999), Estes (1991a, 1991b), Groves & Grubb (2011), Grubb (1972), Huffman (2010d), Kingdon (1982), Lydekker (1904, 1913), Nowak (1999), Plumptre & Harris (1995), Plumptre et al. (1997), Sinclair (1977),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E7995BFFE006B1F7FEFA21F718" box="[1447,1484,2172,2201]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="16" pageNumber="587">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
Hooft et al. (2000, 2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |