215 lines
21 KiB
XML
215 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="F140F7E58FC5333FE87098E81DCC2163" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="489E2E485BAD69921FB759C62921123A">
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<mods:title id="423D1601EDDB31FD19D302430CDC0614">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D37C8F996909C7ED425B059E1945B4EF">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D968E5761A0B819C6D8460802728A08F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="952671935C1EAE426432D3FDA626179D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C6BCE1F7BBFD401A7269BC97259FAAA8">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="85D2FB4E9B140FED2D3FD3BE98169318" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="16711BD97DE6DED46D544F2F69A57431">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="B9B507671051A1C1EEA9E5D111A58B84">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BAD2475953441E8A44CF95121BD061D8">
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<mods:title id="B5D7E73C975ED5F5E1681D0CA705A263">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="757BC5381B4BAAE6DA905E76445C2EA5">
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<treatment id="03F507139901FFBA034EF5E0F9ADFAFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6636848" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6636848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F507139901FFBA034EF5E0F9ADFAFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F507139901FFBA034EF5E0F9ADFAFE" lastPageNumber="645" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA034EF5E0FF4AF511" box="[88,167,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA034EF5E0FF4AF511" blockId="74.[83,819,2658,2745]" box="[88,167,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<heading id="D0AB01699901FFBA034EF5E0FF4AF511" box="[88,167,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA809901FFBA034EF5E0FF4AF511" box="[88,167,2658,2704]" captionStart="Plate 40: Bovidae" captionStartId="74.[83,113,3424,3449]" captionTargetBox="[15,2754,14,3635]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="138. Beisa Oryx (Oryx beisa), 139. Galla Oryx (Oryx gallarum), 140. Fringe-eared Oryx (Oryx callotis), 141. Gemsbok (Oryx gazella), 142. Scimitar-horned Oryx (Oryx dammah), 143. Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512944/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">139.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA03AEF5E0FE74F511" box="[184,409,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA03AEF5E0FE74F511" blockId="74.[83,819,2658,2745]" box="[184,409,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<heading id="D0AB01699901FFBA03AEF5E0FE74F511" box="[184,409,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9901FFBA03AEF5E0FE74F511" box="[184,409,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Galla Oryx</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA02D9F5E0FD0CF511" box="[463,737,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA02D9F5E0FD0CF511" blockId="74.[83,819,2658,2745]" box="[463,737,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<heading id="D0AB01699901FFBA02D9F5E0FD0CF511" box="[463,737,2658,2704]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA02D9F5E0FD0CF511" baseAuthorityName="Neumann" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[463,737,2658,2704]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallarum">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA02D9F5E0FD0CF511" box="[463,737,2658,2704]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Oryx gallarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA0342F520FCDEF536" box="[84,819,2722,2743]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA0342F520FCDEF536" blockId="74.[83,819,2658,2745]" box="[84,819,2722,2743]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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||
<heading id="D0AB01699901FFBA0342F520FCDEF536" box="[84,819,2722,2743]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0342F520FF4CF536" bold="true" box="[84,161,2722,2743]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9901FFBA03BCF520FEAFF536" box="[170,322,2722,2743]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Oryx d'Ethiopie</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0241F520FE5EF536" bold="true" box="[343,435,2722,2743]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9901FFBA02AAF520FDCCF536" box="[444,545,2722,2743]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Galla-Oryx</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0120F520FD7CF536" bold="true" box="[566,657,2722,2743]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9901FFBA018DF520FCDEF536" box="[667,819,2722,2743]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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Oryx de
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959901FFBA01E4F520FCDEF536" box="[754,819,2722,2743]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Etiopia</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA01ADF56AFCE8F4AC" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA01ADF56AFCE8F4AC" blockId="74.[699,1285,2792,3214]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA01ADF56AFCBBF484" bold="true" box="[699,854,2792,2821]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0070F56AFCEDF4AC" authority="Neumann, 1902" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="beisa" subSpecies="gallarum">Oryx beisa gallarum Neumann, 1902</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA0005F496FB36F4D5" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA0005F496FB36F4D5" blockId="74.[699,1285,2792,3214]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC589901FFBA0005F496FB36F4D5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198460" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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Orte Balinga, Modjo, southern Ennia-Gallaland, near the Webi,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959901FFBA0748F4B5FB3AF4D5" box="[1118,1239,2871,2900]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA01ADF4D9FB60F422" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA01ADF4D9FB60F422" blockId="74.[699,1285,2792,3214]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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The Galla Oryx was formerly considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0068F400FC0FF422" baseAuthorityName="Rüppell" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[894,994,2946,2979]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beisa">O. beisa</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA01ADF42BFCD5F30F" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D9901FFBA01ADF42BFCD5F30F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512627" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512627/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" targetBox="[81,675,2794,3210]" targetPageId="74">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA01ADF42BFCD5F30F" blockId="74.[699,1285,2792,3214]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA01ADF42BFC87F44B" bold="true" box="[699,874,2985,3018]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Distribution.</emphasis>
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N
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959901FFBA00B4F42BFC1AF44B" box="[930,1015,2985,3018]" name="Kenya" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(approximately N of the
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<collectingRegion id="499878E79901FFBA0034F456FC52F470" box="[802,959,3028,3057]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Tana River</collectingRegion>
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and in the Lake
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<collectingRegion id="499878E79901FFBA07DAF456FC84F398" country="Kenya" name="Turkana" pageId="74" pageNumber="689">Turkana district</collectingRegion>
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) and NE
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959901FFBA00E0F47AFB89F398" box="[1014,1124,3064,3097]" name="Uganda" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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(Karamoja region); its range presumably extends an unknown distance into
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959901FFBA070DF3C4FB64F3E6" box="[1051,1161,3142,3175]" name="Somalia" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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and SE
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959901FFBA01ADF3EFFCD9F30F" box="[699,820,3181,3214]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA0345F31AF807FD62" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA0345F31AF807FD62" blockId="74.[83,1282,3224,3331]" lastBlockId="74.[1356,2563,279,1407]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0345F31AFEA6F334" bold="true" box="[83,331,3224,3253]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09901FFBA0112F31AFD8AF334" box="[516,615,3224,3253]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" unit="cm" value="169.0">169 cm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09901FFBA01BCF31AFD12F334" box="[682,767,3224,3253]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" unit="cm" value="46.0">46 cm</quantity>
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; hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09901FFBA0085F31AFC05F334" box="[915,1000,3224,3253]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" unit="cm" value="51.0">51 cm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09901FFBA0749F31AFB5AF334" box="[1119,1207,3224,3253]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.81" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" unit="kg" value="181.0">181 kg</quantity>
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(one male). The color is paler, purer gray than in the typical Beisa Oryx (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0719F33EFB91F35C" baseAuthorityName="Rüppell" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1039,1148,3260,3293]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beisa">O. beisa</taxonomicName>
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), and this color extends below the black flank band, which is therefore not a boundary between the body color and the white underside. The face is paler than the neck, sometimes even whitish. The facial and gorge bands are separated, but sometimes the two nasal bands are joined, and the nose streak is diffuse. The legs are white, with only a trace of stripes. The flank band width measures 20-44 mm, so narrower on average than in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0646FE35FA75FE51" box="[1360,1432,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beisa">Beisa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA06B6FE35FA0AFE51" box="[1440,1511,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oryx</taxonomicName>
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, and the dorsal stripe is also fairly narrow, measuring 30-43 mm, and is generally very vaguely expressed and occasionally absent. The horns are slightly shorter than in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA06E6FD84F9DAFD9E" box="[1520,1591,518,543]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beisa">Beisa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0556FD84F96AFD9E" box="[1600,1671,518,543]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oryx</taxonomicName>
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, 65-86 cm long, but the same shape and thickness, 9.5-12 cm at the base, and the tips are some 7.5-24 cm apart. The diploid chromosome numberis 58; chromosomes are different from those of the Gemsbok (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0BB5FDD6F6C4FDEC" box="[2211,2345,596,621]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gazella">O. gazella</taxonomicName>
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), and resemble those of the Fringe-eared
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA05DAFDF1F8FDFD15" box="[1740,1808,627,660]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oryx</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA043AFDF1F85AFD15" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1892" box="[1836,1975,627,660]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callotis">O. callotis</taxonomicName>
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). The mtDNA (control region and cytochrome b) sequences are strongly distinct from those of Fringe-eared
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0A5EFD18F662FD3A" box="[2376,2447,666,699]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oryx</taxonomicName>
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. Dental formula is 10/3, C0/1,P 3/3, M'3/3 (2) = 32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA0659FD6CF76DFC8A" box="[1359,2176,750,779]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA0659FD6CF76DFC8A" blockId="74.[1356,2563,279,1407]" box="[1359,2176,750,779]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0659FD6CFA50FC8A" bold="true" box="[1359,1469,750,779]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Dry flat country, both grasslands and thorn scrub.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA0659FC93F7AEFCD8" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA0659FC93F7AEFCD8" blockId="74.[1356,2563,279,1407]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0659FC93F9BFFCB3" bold="true" box="[1359,1618,785,818]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Mainly a grazer, but occasional browsing. They are independent of surface water, although they drink when it is available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA0659FCE2F8ACFC29" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA0659FCE2F8ACFC29" blockId="74.[1356,2563,279,1407]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0659FCE2FA39FC00" bold="true" box="[1359,1492,864,897]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Apparently year-round, but concentrated in the wet season. Gestation is 265-300 days, and calves are hiders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA065BFC30F88EFBED" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA065BFC30F88EFBED" blockId="74.[1356,2563,279,1407]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA065BFC30F9DBFC4E" bold="true" box="[1357,1590,946,975]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
They seem to wander from place to place seasonally in large aggregations, moving to higher ground in the rains and back to lower ground in the dry season. The locomotory patterns are like those of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0B02FC7FF7B6FB9F" box="[2068,2139,1021,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beisa">Beisa</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0B72FC7FF746FB9F" box="[2148,2219,1021,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oryx</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They rest in the heat of the day, either standing or lying, usually under shade. The tail is constantly switching, whether the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0517FBC9F9D3FBED" box="[1537,1598,1099,1132]" genus="Tawrotragus" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" rank="species" species="oryx">oryx</taxonomicName>
|
||
is resting or feeding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA0658FBF5F736FB3A" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA0658FBF5F736FB3A" blockId="74.[1356,2563,279,1407]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0658FBF5F7E7FB15" bold="true" box="[1358,2058,1143,1172]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Both small groups and herds of up to 50. Males have been reported to be solitary or in small groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA0658FB44F958FAB0" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA0658FB44F958FAB0" blockId="74.[1356,2563,279,1407]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0658FB44F941FB62" bold="true" box="[1358,1708,1222,1251]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List (under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0647FB6BFA57FA8B" baseAuthorityName="Rüppell" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1361,1466,1257,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beisa">O. beisa</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Galla
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869901FFBA0573FB6BF944FA8B" box="[1637,1705,1257,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Oryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oryx</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported to be numerous in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79901FFBA0B81FB6BF697FA8B" box="[2199,2426,1257,1290]" country="Kenya" name="Samburu" pageId="74" pageNumber="689">Samburu region</collectingRegion>
|
||
and elsewhere in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959901FFBA054DFA92F95FFAB0" box="[1627,1714,1296,1329]" name="Kenya" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9901FFBA0659FABDF9ADFAFE" pageId="74" pageNumber="645" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059901FFBA0659FABDF9ADFAFE" blockId="74.[1356,2563,279,1407]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179901FFBA0659FABDFA05FAD9" bold="true" box="[1359,1512,1343,1368]" pageId="74" pageNumber="645">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Groves & Grubb (2011), IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008 aj), Kingdon (1982), Roosevelt & Heller (1914).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |