164 lines
22 KiB
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164 lines
22 KiB
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<document id="39762E6D65F876A61C61A39FDF7BF66B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929469" ID-ZooBank="E2E21C6F-AB20-45E0-B058-1D75ABBD7219" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1683890305349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prada-Lara, Liliana, Jiménez-Bolívar, Andrea C. & St Laurent, Ryan A." docDate="2023" docId="03AA87D8AF13256B05BD1565FE502BCB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5284.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5284 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nystaleinae Forbes 1948" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="429" masterDocId="FF93FFA0AF0F2577052A165DFF952E07" masterDocTitle="Prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="429" updateTime="1683903569039" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="512DF2E152207480959279DD84187FD2">Prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8A391F0C39EAB5DB0877E713EC3417B">Prada-Lara, Liliana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9406F3C56B90243C959DB909BEF7F8F0">Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D. C., Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="681C6E233E9CE847E702813F77EB5D08">Jiménez-Bolívar, Andrea C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F28EC98E6EA037BC290E109590F64E1C">Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad del Caribe Colombiano, Semillero Sistemática de Artrópodos Neotropicales, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C431365F10EAF051DC608CFCABA1545B">St Laurent, Ryan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5127A7E9E45AF14645903513AD39A7A7">Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., U. S. A. / McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="155F014290108DDF4574322CD9857CFD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="98FA3788162FF38249AB6F9D0EDEE2E5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6CE35044991774A21CA49C87B1A17BFF">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AA87D8AF13256B05BD1565FE502BCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D8AF13256B05BD1565FE502BCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87D8AF13256B05BD1565FE502BCB" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
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<subSubSection id="C3196545AF13256B05BD1565FEBD2D55" box="[151,296,824,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF13256B05BD1565FEBD2D55" blockId="28.[151,296,824,850]" box="[151,296,824,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B05BD1565FEBD2D55" ID-CoL="93MYB" ID-ENA="688638" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,296,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nystaleinae">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B05BD1565FEBD2D55" bold="true" box="[151,296,824,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Nystaleinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3196545AF13256B05BD1526FE502BCB" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF13256B05BD1526FD302A8A" blockId="28.[151,1437,890,1485]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B05E21526FEDA2D92" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[200,335,891,917]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nystaleinae">Nystaleinae</taxonomicName>
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, a subfamily nearly restricted to the Neotropical Region, is represented by 350 species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B00261526FA0D2D92" author="Weller" box="[1292,1432,891,917]" firstAuthor="Weller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="233 - 277" refId="ref20724" refString="Weller, S. J. (1992) Survey of adult morphology in Nystaleinae and related neotropical subfamilies (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 31, 233 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 266593" type="journal article" year="1992">Weller 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B05BD15C3FE542DBF" author="Miller & Thiaucourt" box="[151,449,926,952]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1033 - 1077" refId="ref19346" refString="Miller, J. S. & Thiaucourt, P. (2011) Diversity of prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) in the cloud forests of northeastern Ecuador, with descriptions of 27 new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104, 1033 - 1077. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 10141" type="journal article" year="2011">Miller & Thiaucourt 2011</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="13382A4BAF13256B04F315C3FDAE2DBF" box="[473,571,926,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[281,1306,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-24@31.[281,1306,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 4. Notodontidae diversity. Adults of Hemiceratinae, Heterocampinae and Nystaleinae. A. Canodia difformis Herrich-Schaffer, 1854 (©Hubert Szczygieł) B. Hemiceras flavescens Schaus, 1906 (©Julian Alzate) C. Bellonina guasca (Schaus, 1933) (©Indiana Cristo) D. Chlorocampa manethusa (Druce, 1887) (©Heiner Ziegler) E. Hapigia repandens Schaus, 1905 (©Hudson Martins Soares) F. Trichomaplata vittata Wing, 1850 (©Thomas Shahan) G. Bardaxima lucilinea Walker, 1858 (©Douglas Meyer) H. Marthula quadrata Walker, 1856 (©Paola Rengel) I. Notoplusia marchiana Schaus, 1928 (©Gernot Kunz) J. Strophocerus sericeus (Schaus, 1905) (©Heiner Ziegler)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929477/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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G-J). Adults can be recognized due to a set of long scales on the prothorax, from the base of the antennae to the lateral part of the prothorax, near the spiracle (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B017A159CFAB52DDB" author="Miller" box="[1104,1312,961,988]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refId="ref19411" refString="Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. & Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp." type="book" year="2018">
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Miller
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B018B159FFB412DDC" box="[1185,1236,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al</emphasis>
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. 2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Although
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B05BD15B8FEA62DF8" author="Weller" box="[151,307,997,1023]" firstAuthor="Weller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="233 - 277" refId="ref20724" refString="Weller, S. J. (1992) Survey of adult morphology in Nystaleinae and related neotropical subfamilies (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 31, 233 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 266593" type="journal article" year="1992">Weller (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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reviewed the subfamily, all genera need a thorough taxonomic revision (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B014C15B8FA1A2DF8" author="Miller & Thiaucourt" box="[1126,1423,997,1023]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1033 - 1077" refId="ref19346" refString="Miller, J. S. & Thiaucourt, P. (2011) Diversity of prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) in the cloud forests of northeastern Ecuador, with descriptions of 27 new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104, 1033 - 1077. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 10141" type="journal article" year="2011">Miller & Thiaucourt 2011</bibRefCitation>
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); though Becker has studied some Brazilian taxa like
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B07F91254FC432A24" authority="Felder, 1874" authorityName="Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[723,982,1032,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Nycterotis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B07F91254FCD02A25" box="[723,837,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Nycterotis</emphasis>
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Felder, 1874
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B06C91255FBE32A24" author="Becker" box="[995,1142,1032,1059]" firstAuthor="Becker" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="751 - 756" refId="ref18002" refString="Becker, V. (2020 b) The Brazilian species of the genus Arhacia Herrich-Schaffer, 1855 with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Dicranurinae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia, 48 (192), 751 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.57065 / shilap. 356" type="journal article" year="2020">Becker 2020</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B01A21255FA092A24" authority="Walker, 1858" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[1160,1436,1032,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Bardaxima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B01A21255FA962A25" box="[1160,1283,1032,1058]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Bardaxima</emphasis>
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Walker, 1858
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B05B51271FED52A41" author="Becker" box="[159,320,1068,1094]" firstAuthor="Becker" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref18113" refString="Becker, V. (2021 b) A review of the Neotropical moth genus Bardaxima (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae: Nystaleinae), with special reference to the species occurring in Brazil. Zoologia, 38, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zoologia. 38. e 63526" type="journal article" year="2021" yearSuffix="b">Becker 2021b</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B04A81271FD052A41" authority="Becker, 2014" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="2014" box="[386,656,1068,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Xylodonta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B04A81271FE602A41" box="[386,501,1068,1094]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Xylodonta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B04D61271FD052A41" author="Becker, V." box="[508,656,1068,1094]" journalOrPublisher="Lepidoptera Novae" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 40" part="7" refId="ref17740" refString="Becker, V. (2014) Checklist of New World Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Lepidoptera Novae, 7, 1 - 40." title="Checklist of New World Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea)" type="journal article" year="2014">Becker, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B07B41271FCD52A41" author="Becker" box="[670,832,1068,1094]" firstAuthor="Becker" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref18231" refString="Becker, V. (2021 d) Notes and synonymy on the Neotropical moth genus Xylodonta Becker (Notodontidae, Nystaleinae), with special reference to the species occurring in Brazil. Revista Brasilera de entomologia, 65 (2), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2021" yearSuffix="d">Becker 2021d</bibRefCitation>
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). In the visited collections,
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<specimenCount id="9D05FD47AF13256B01581271FA9F2A41" box="[1138,1290,1068,1094]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="generic">83 specimens</specimenCount>
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belonging to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B05EA1212FED12A6E" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[192,324,1103,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nystaleinae">Nystaleinae</taxonomicName>
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subfamily were found, the majority belonging to
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B06461212FBFA2A6D" authority="Guenee, 1852" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[876,1135,1103,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Nystalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B06461212FC5B2A6E" box="[876,974,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Nystalea</emphasis>
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Guenée, 1852
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</taxonomicName>
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which was expected, since this is the most diverse genus of the subfamily.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF13256B05ED12CBFCA42AF0" blockId="28.[151,1437,890,1485]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
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This group is diverse in lowland forests, displaying remarkable genitalia characters such as the saccular scent organ and the callosum. The first is a membranous and pleated sacculus and the latter is a specialized aluta enclosing the basiphallus, unique to
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B04961280FDD52AF0" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[444,576,1245,1271]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nystaleinae">Nystaleinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B07651280FD482AF0" author="Weller" box="[591,733,1245,1271]" firstAuthor="Weller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="35 - 49" refId="ref20682" refString="Weller, S. J. (1990) Revision of the Nystalea aequipars Walker species complex with notes on nystaleine genitalia (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98, 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1990">Weller 1990</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B07C21280FCB12AF0" author="Weller" box="[744,804,1245,1271]" firstAuthor="Weller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="233 - 277" refId="ref20724" refString="Weller, S. J. (1992) Survey of adult morphology in Nystaleinae and related neotropical subfamilies (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 31, 233 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 266593" type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF13256B05ED135CFE502BCB" blockId="28.[151,1437,890,1485]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
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The larval cuticle is often glossy (
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<figureCitation id="13382A4BAF13256B0764135CFD252B1B" box="[590,688,1281,1308]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-42@32.[249,1338,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 5. Notodontidae diversity. Larvae. A. Americerura cf. dandon Burmeister,1878 (©Jeisson Figueroa) B. Truncaptera truncata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856) (©Kenn Kaufman) C. Erbessa sp. (©Elendil Cocchi) D. Crinodes sp. (©Gerardo Ochoa) E. Hemiceras sp. (©Miguel Diaz Anaya) F. Rhuda sp. (©Reinaldo Oliveira Elias) G. Naprepa sp. (©Reinier Munguia) H. Lobeza sp. (©Juan Carlos Mejia) I. Bardaxima sp. (©Cintia Lepesqueur) J. Nystalea ebalea Stoll, 1780 (©Matt Parr)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929483/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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I-J) and known host plants for the subfamily show oligophagous species feeding on specific plant families, with few exceptions to this rule (
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<tableCitation id="C6810375AF13256B06D01379FBC42B39" box="[1018,1105,1316,1342]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="33.[152,244,836,860]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="TABLE 3. Known host plants of Notodontidae present in Colombia. *Host plant recorded for the genus." pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Table 3</tableCitation>
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). Host plant families include
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B05BD1315FEA92B65" box="[151,316,1352,1378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malpighiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(rich in secondary metabolites: alkaloids and flavonoids) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B06CB1315FB262B65" author="Abbas, H. & Tadros, S. & El-Toumy, S. & Salama, A. & El Gedaily, R." box="[993,1203,1352,1378]" journalOrPublisher="Egyptian Journal of Chemistry" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="235 - 274" part="65" refId="ref17639" refString="Abbas, H., Tadros, S., El-Toumy, S., Salama, A. & El Gedaily, R. (2022) A Review on Traditional uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Family Malpighiaceae. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65 (11), 235 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.21608 / ejchem. 2022.119510.5372" title="A Review on Traditional uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Family Malpighiaceae" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
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Abbas
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B01191315FBF22B65" box="[1075,1127,1352,1378]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2022
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B01E31315FAA42B65" box="[1225,1329,1352,1378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(used by humans as crops, green manures, and forage) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B07881336FCEF2B82" author="Ahmad, F. & Anwar, F. & Hira, S." box="[674,890,1387,1413]" journalOrPublisher="Pharmacologyonline" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="151 - 156" part="3" refId="ref17707" refString="Ahmad, F., Anwar, F. & Hira, S. (2016) Review on medicinal importance of Fabaceae family. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 151 - 156." title="Review on medicinal importance of Fabaceae family" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Ahmad
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B07D41331FCA32B82" box="[766,822,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B06A71336FB932B82" box="[909,1030,1387,1413]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(widely used in ethnomedicine) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B00AA1336FEC42BAE" author="de Melo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="de Melo" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref19006" refString="de Melo, M., Quintans, J., Araujo, A., Duarte, M., Bonjardim, L., Nogueira, P., Moraes, V., Araujo-Junior, J., Ribeiro, E. & Quintans-Junior, L. (2014) A Systematic Review for Anti-Inflammatory Property of Clusiaceae Family: A Preclinical Approach. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2014 / 960258" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
de Melo
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B05F213D2FE9C2BAE" box="[216,265,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2014
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B044813D2FD922BAE" box="[354,519,1423,1449]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(trees, shrubs, and lianas frequently with contact dermatitis-causing exudate) (Pell
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B05BD13EEFF5D2BCB" box="[151,200,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2010), among others.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |