635 lines
72 KiB
XML
635 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="3B1E3413E3A5710CC8624F518A33CF85" ID-CLB-Dataset="5876" ID-DOI="10.1206/3728.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b4333e51-45f4-472e-ac99-2f095816f254" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597949" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615480388654" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gaffney, Eugene S. & Krause, David W." docDate="2011" docId="C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2011.3728.1-28.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2011 (3728)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/3728.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Sokatra antitra Gaffney & Krause 2011, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="3978FFFC8A20FFB9FFC81747FF8B211C" masterDocTitle="Sokatra, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Late Cretaceous, Madagascar) and the Diversification of the Main Groups of Pelomedusoides" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698933141029" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="AA1517DF37A3A5BA0E8FCE60E41CB946">Sokatra, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Late Cretaceous, Madagascar) and the Diversification of the Main Groups of Pelomedusoides</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ECD4A43FD17EB631166FBF9E1127BA93">Gaffney, Eugene S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FA5BB23FAAB05F288EBF07B8E8585CC8">Krause, David W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C964F872C11D6953A754CE5AB862D025">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="900A15D8371D90CA9C9EAF3B5D263F90">
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<mods:date id="1BA5F494D1685A6E6510CFF94B8C3ACA">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C926E100CAA2772620B67B7AC8B91D88">2011-12-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="69B05F9EAFAEE0BA67C825631DF0A66A">2011</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A65CCCC8735ACD2AB72DDB6F695FADC8" type="DOI">10.1206/3728.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5055887" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183231537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5055887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="05F265198A23FFBAFE3E148BFCC222FA" box="[502,841,972,999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4D5736928A23FFBAFE3E148BFCC222FA" blockId="3.[120,1226,972,1746]" box="[502,841,972,999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A23FFBAFE3E148BFD3B22FA" authority="Gaffney & Krause, 2011" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[502,688,972,999]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antitra" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A23FFBAFE3E148BFD3B22FA" bold="true" box="[502,688,972,999]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sokatra antitra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="64AF57FB8A23FFBAFD77148AFCC222FA" box="[703,841,972,999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05F265198A23FFBAFF6014B5FBC125F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4D5736928A23FFBAFF6014B5FC9525DB" blockId="3.[120,1226,972,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<materialsCitation id="FD803CCF8A23FFBAFF6014B5FC9225DB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312606302" accessionNumber="MAD 07433" county="Stony Brook University" location="Basin Project" municipality="Universite d'Antananarivo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mahajanga" typeStatus="holotype">
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TYPE SPECIMEN: UA 9769 (field number MAD 07433), a partial skull, lacking the premaxillae, basioccipital, and with damaged basisphenoid, quadrates, prootics, and opisthotics. The
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<typeStatus id="925388308A23FFBAFFB0137BFF54254A" box="[120,223,1084,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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skull of
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<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A23FFBAFE84137BFE77254A" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[332,508,1084,1110]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antitra">
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<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A23FFBAFE84137BFE77254A" box="[332,508,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sokatra antitra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was discovered in the austral winter of 2007 as part of the joint
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<collectingCounty id="A4364E1E8A23FFBAFF701325FE452567" box="[184,462,1121,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stony Brook University</collectingCounty>
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/
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<collectingMunicipality id="AD33ACE88A23FFBAFE1E1326FC802567" box="[470,779,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Université d’Antananarivo</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A23FFBAFCDC1326FC1E2567" box="[788,917,1121,1147]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
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<location id="483760498A23FFBAFC561326FBB52567" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD:483760498A23FFBAFC561326FBB52567" box="[926,1086,1121,1147]" county="Stony Brook University" municipality="Universite d'Antananarivo" name="Basin Project" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Mahajanga">Basin Project</location>
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, which was initiated in 1993.
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<location id="483760498A23FFBAFE8513C0FEF425BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD:483760498A23FFBAFE8513C0FEF425BD" box="[333,383,1159,1185]" county="Stony Brook University" municipality="Universite d'Antananarivo" name="This" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Mahajanga">This</location>
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discovery enabled the identification and referral of most of the other, previously discovered specimens described in this report
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D5736928A23FFBAFF601395FBC125F7" blockId="3.[120,1226,972,1746]" box="[168,1098,1233,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<materialsCitation id="FD803CCF8A23FFBAFF601395FBCD25F7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312606303" box="[168,1094,1233,1260]" country="Madagascar" location="Berivotra Study Area" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="925388308A23FFBAFF601395FF6825F0" box="[168,227,1234,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TYPE</typeStatus>
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LOCALITY: MAD 93-35,
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<location id="483760498A23FFBAFDC31396FC8C25F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD:483760498A23FFBAFDC31396FC8C25F0" box="[523,775,1233,1260]" country="Madagascar" name="Berivotra Study Area" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Berivotra Study Area</location>
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, northwestern
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<collectingCountry id="35FF76028A23FFBAFC701396FBCD25F7" box="[952,1094,1233,1259]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05F265198A23FFBAFF6013B0FC2324ED" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4D5736928A23FFBAFF6013B0FC2324ED" blockId="3.[120,1226,972,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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HORIZON: Anembalemba and Masorobe members, Maevarano Formation, Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous. All of the specimens described in this report were recovered from localities in the Anembalemba and Masorobe Members (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous) of the Maevarano Formation in the Berivotra and Masiakakoho study areas,
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<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A23FFBAFCBB1220FC7F249D" box="[883,1012,1383,1409]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
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Basin, northwestern
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<collectingCountry id="35FF76028A23FFBAFF6D12CBFEBB24BA" box="[165,304,1420,1446]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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(see description and map in
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<bibRefCitation id="29794B638A23FFBAFDB412CBFCD724BA" author="Gaffney, E. S. & D. W. Krause & I. S. Zalmout" box="[636,860,1420,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref12015" refString="Gaffney, E. S., D. W. Krause, and I. S. Zalmout. 2009. Kinkonychelys, a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. American Museum Novitates 3662: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2009">Gaffney et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 1). Geographic coordinates for these localities are on file at the Field Museum (Chicago), Stony Brook University, and the Université d’Antananarivo and are available to qualified investigators.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05F265198A23FFBAFF6012BBFE5F270B" box="[168,468,1532,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4D5736928A23FFBAFF6012BBFE5F270B" blockId="3.[120,1226,972,1746]" box="[168,468,1532,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05F265198A23FFBDFF601165FB0E208D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="4D5736928A23FFBAFF601165FC6C2720" blockId="3.[120,1226,972,1746]" box="[168,999,1570,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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ETYMOLOGY:
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<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A23FFBAFE811165FE172720" box="[329,412,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Antitra</emphasis>
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(pronounced AHN-tah-trah), Malagasy for “old.”
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D5736928A23FFBDFF60110FFB0E208D" blockId="3.[120,1226,972,1746]" lastBlockId="4.[120,1224,225,775]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<materialsCitation id="FD803CCF8A23FFBDFF60110FFB0A208D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312606301" accessionNumber="MAD 07673, MAD 07637, MAD 07862, MAD 07581, MAD 07583, MAD 05564, MAD 07895" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" location="Five" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
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REFERRED SPECIMENS: FMNH
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<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A23FFBAFDD4110FFDB4277E" box="[540,575,1608,1634]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">PR</collectingRegion>
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2649 (field number MAD 07673), a partial skull with articulated or associated quadrates (both right and left), opisthotics (both right and left), left exoccipital, right prootic, left pterygoid, and right palatine; UA 9864 (field number MAD 07637), a partial right quadrate; and UA 9865 (field number MAD 07862), a partial left maxilla. These three specimens are referred to
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<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A24FFBDFD8817A6FD6421E7" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[576,751,225,251]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antitra">
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<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A24FFBDFD8817A6FD6421E7" box="[576,751,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sokatra antitra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on direct comparisons and morphological agreement with the
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<typeStatus id="925388308A24FFBDFE2B1640FDC6203D" box="[483,589,263,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<location id="483760498A24FFBDFD901640FD02203D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD:483760498A24FFBDFD901640FD02203D" box="[600,649,263,289]" name="Five" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Para">Five</location>
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other incomplete specimens are more tentatively referred: FMNH
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<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A24FFBDFE8C166AFEEC205B" box="[324,359,301,327]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PR</collectingRegion>
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2647 (field number MAD 07581), supraoccipital; FMNH
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<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A24FFBDFBD6166AFBCA205B" box="[1054,1089,301,327]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PR</collectingRegion>
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2648 (field number MAD 07583), left frontal; UA 9770 (field number 96144), right parietal; UA 9771 (field number MAD 05564), right dentary; UA 9866 (field number MAD 07895), left dentary
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="05F265198A24FFBDFF6016DAFE48238A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A24FFBDFF6016DAFE48238A" blockId="4.[120,1224,225,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<materialsCitation id="FD803CCF8A24FFBDFF6016DAFE34238A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312606304" county="Berivotra Study Area" elevation="2" location="Masiakakoho Study Area" municipality="Berivotra Study Area" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
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In addition to the
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<typeStatus id="925388308A24FFBDFE4E16DBFE6620AA" box="[390,493,412,438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen, FMNH nos.
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<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A24FFBDFCC716DAFCB920AB" box="[783,818,413,439]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PR</collectingRegion>
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2647–
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<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A24FFBDFC4916DBFC2E20AA" box="[897,933,412,438]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PR</collectingRegion>
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2649 and UA nos. 9864 and 9865 were recovered from a small (
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<quantity id="8A109B778A24FFBDFD851685FDF720C0" box="[589,636,450,476]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2.0">
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||
<elevation id="C6C5D1A18A24FFBDFD851685FDF720C0" box="[589,636,450,476]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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<superScript id="BA9D9BDA8A24FFBDFDB41687FD0E20CD" attach="left" box="[636,645,448,465]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
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) quarried surface in locality MAD 93-35 (
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<collectingCounty id="A4364E1E8A24FFBDFBB51686FEBE231D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Berivotra Study Area</collectingCounty>
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). UA 9770 was collected from locality MAD 93-34 (
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<collectingMunicipality id="AD33ACE88A24FFBDFC5A16A0FB06231D" box="[914,1165,487,513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Berivotra Study Area</collectingMunicipality>
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) and UA 9771 was collected from locality MAD 05-61 (
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<location id="483760498A24FFBDFD15154BFB99233A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD:483760498A24FFBDFD15154BFB99233A" box="[733,1042,524,550]" county="Berivotra Study Area" municipality="Berivotra Study Area" name="Masiakakoho Study Area" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Para">Masiakakoho Study Area</location>
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). UA 9866 was collected from locality MAD 07-66 (
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<location id="483760498A24FFBDFDE11576FCA22350" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD:483760498A24FFBDFDE11576FCA22350" box="[553,809,561,588]" county="Berivotra Study Area" municipality="Berivotra Study Area" name="Berivotra Study Area" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Para">Berivotra Study Area</location>
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), which lies stratigraphically in the
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<location id="483760498A24FFBDFFB01510FED1236D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD:483760498A24FFBDFFB01510FED1236D" box="[120,346,599,625]" county="Berivotra Study Area" municipality="Berivotra Study Area" name="Masorobe Member" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Para">Masorobe Member</location>
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of the
|
||
<location id="483760498A24FFBDFE791510FD36236D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD:483760498A24FFBDFE791510FD36236D" box="[433,701,599,625]" county="Berivotra Study Area" municipality="Berivotra Study Area" name="Maevarano Formation" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Para">Maevarano Formation</location>
|
||
; it is the only specimen not recovered from the
|
||
<location id="483760498A24FFBDFF6D153BFE34238A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C54187848A23FFB5FE3E148BFEFC23FD:483760498A24FFBDFF6D153BFE34238A" box="[165,447,636,662]" county="Berivotra Study Area" municipality="Berivotra Study Area" name="Anembalemba Member" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Para">Anembalemba Member</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="05F265198A24FFBDFF6015E6FCDD221B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A24FFBDFF6015E6FCDD221B" blockId="4.[120,1224,225,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Shell material was not found associated with any of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A24FFBDFCE215E6FC0A23A7" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[810,897,673,699]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A24FFBDFCE215E6FC0A23A7" box="[810,897,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
skull elements, but the relatively common presence of pleurodire shell material in these units suggests that at some time it may be possible to associate shell morphology with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A24FFBDFD3F15ABFCC4221A" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[759,847,748,774]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A24FFBDFD3F15ABFCC4221A" box="[759,847,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="05F265198A24FFB5FD92146DFEFC23FD" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A24FFBDFD92146DFC9E2258" blockId="4.[602,789,810,836]" box="[602,789,810,836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A24FFBDFDD91420FCD4229E" blockId="4.[529,863,871,898]" box="[529,863,871,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PREFRONTAL (figs. 1, 2, 5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A24FFBDFF6014E0FCCF22DD" blockId="4.[120,1225,935,1334]" box="[168,836,935,961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PRESERVATION: Both prefrontals are present in UA 9769.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A24FFBDFF60148BFE5C254A" blockId="4.[120,1225,935,1334]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
CONTACTS: The prefrontal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A24FFBDFDDB148BFDE722FA" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[531,620,972,998]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A24FFBDFDDB148BFDE722FA" box="[531,620,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
meets the prefrontal on the midline, the maxilla anteroventrolaterally, and the frontal posteriorly, as in other Pelomedusoides. The frontal sends a process anteriorly on the ventral surface along the midline, preventing the prefrontal from roofing the sulcus olfactorius.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A24FFBDFF601325FBB2242A" blockId="4.[120,1225,935,1334]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
STRUCTURES: The dorsal plate of the prefrontal forms the dorsal margin of apertura narium externa, which is slightly protruding on the midline, similar to the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A24FFBDFBF113C0FB4925BD" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[1081,1218,1159,1185]" class="Reptilia" family="Podocnemididae" genus="Podocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A24FFBDFBF113C0FB4925BD" box="[1081,1218,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Podocnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The prefrontal also forms the anterodorsal margin of the orbit. On the ventral surface, the prefrontal forms the roof of the fossa nasalis, which is a shallow concavity just lateral to the midline. As in pelomedusids and euraxemydids, the prefrontal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A24FFBDFCB013B0FC5B240D" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[888,976,1271,1297]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A24FFBDFCB013B0FC5B240D" box="[888,976,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a ventral process projecting anteroventrolaterally that forms the edge of the foramen orbito-nasale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A24FFBDFDDA123DFCA62488" blockId="4.[530,813,1401,1428]" box="[530,813,1401,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FRONTAL (figs. 1, 2, 5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A24FFBCFF6012F5FDE8277D" blockId="4.[120,1224,1457,1745]" lastBlockId="5.[120,1222,1607,1745]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
PRESERVATION: Both frontals are present in UA 9769 but they do not have clear posterior sutures. An isolated left frontal, FMNH
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A24FFBDFD9B1290FDFD24ED" box="[595,630,1495,1521]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
2648, is well preserved and, although incomplete, helps with the identification of the frontal sutures and the ventral morphology. This disarticulated frontal is a pleurodire as indicated by the presence of a sulcus palatinopterygoideus; it is also possible that it belongs to the bothremydid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A24FFBDFD761100FBE2277D" authority="(Gaffney et al., 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Gaffney" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[702,1129,1607,1633]" class="Reptilia" family="Bothremydidae" genus="Kinkonychelys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A24FFBDFD761100FCEA277D" box="[702,865,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Kinkonychelys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="29794B638A24FFBDFCBA1100FBE9277D" author="Gaffney, E. S. & D. W. Krause & I. S. Zalmout" box="[882,1122,1607,1633]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref12015" refString="Gaffney, E. S., D. W. Krause, and I. S. Zalmout. 2009. Kinkonychelys, a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. American Museum Novitates 3662: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2009">Gaffney et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we consider this unlikely because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A24FFBDFE2E112BFD02279A" box="[486,649,1644,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Bothremydidae" genus="Kinkonychelys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A24FFBDFE2E112BFD02279A" box="[486,649,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Kinkonychelys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a deeper ridge for the sulcus palatinopterygoideus compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A24FFBDFEB011D6FE5B27B7" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[376,464,1681,1707]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A24FFBDFEB011D6FE5B27B7" box="[376,464,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nonetheless, it might belong to a taxon not yet identified from the Maevarano Formation. Neither the diagnosis nor any of the phylogenetic characters rely on FMNH
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A25FFBCFF351100FEAB277D" box="[253,288,1607,1633]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
2648 belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A25FFBCFDCC1100FDD7277D" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[516,604,1607,1633]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A25FFBCFDCC1100FDD7277D" box="[516,604,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1997661A8A25FFBCFFB01297FE0B271F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597953" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597953/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[120,159,1488,1509]" targetBox="[130,1213,246,1456]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A25FFBCFFB01297FE0B271F" blockId="5.[120,1224,1485,1539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
FIG. 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A25FFBCFF0A1289FEDD24F9" authority="Gaffney & Krause, 2011" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[194,342,1486,1510]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antitra" status="n. gen. et sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A25FFBCFF0A1289FEDD24F9" box="[194,342,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sokatra antitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="64AF57FB8A25FFBCFEAA1289FE5424F9" box="[354,479,1486,1510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n. gen. et sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
UA 9769, holotype skull.
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A25FFBCFD29128AFD7224F9" bold="true" box="[737,761,1485,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A25FFBCFC801289FCD524FA" bold="true" box="[840,862,1486,1510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B,</emphasis>
|
||
ventral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A25FFBCFC7E128AFC4624F9" bold="true" box="[950,973,1485,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C,</emphasis>
|
||
right lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A25FFBCFB9B1289FBE024FA" bold="true" box="[1107,1131,1486,1510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D,</emphasis>
|
||
anterior;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A25FFBCFFB012ACFF06271F" bold="true" box="[120,141,1515,1539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E,</emphasis>
|
||
left lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A25FFBCFECE12ACFE93271F" bold="true" box="[262,280,1515,1539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F,</emphasis>
|
||
posterior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A25FFBFFF60112BFB1927CF" blockId="5.[120,1222,1607,1745]" lastBlockId="6.[120,1225,1609,1748]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
CONTACTS: The frontal in UA 9769 (best preserved on the right side) contacts the frontal on the midline, the prefrontal anteriorly, the postorbital posterolaterally, and the parietal posteriorly. The latter contact is poorly preserved and not clearly visible in UA 9769; it is also not visible in FMNH
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8F2CF8708A26FFBFFF1B110DFF7E2778" box="[211,245,1610,1636]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
2648, in which the posterior edge is broken. Nonetheless, considering these specimens and the isolated parietal, UA 9770, it can be deduced that the frontal has a posterolateral contact with the postorbital similar to that in pelomedusids except that it is relatively short. Similarly, as restored, the postorbital contact with the frontal is longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A26FFBFFCFB11FEFC0227CF" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[819,905,1721,1747]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFCFB11FEFC0227CF" box="[819,905,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in pelomedusids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1997661A8A26FFBFFFB01239FF612715" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597955/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[120,159,1406,1427]" targetBox="[125,1195,1091,1374]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A26FFBFFFB01239FF612715" blockId="6.[120,1224,1404,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
FIG. 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A26FFBFFF0D123BFED72488" authority="Gaffney & Krause, 2011" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[197,348,1404,1428]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antitra" status="n. gen. et sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFF0D123BFED72488" box="[197,348,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sokatra antitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="64AF57FB8A26FFBFFEA0123BFE61248F" box="[360,490,1404,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. gen. et sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Key to figure 1. UA 9769, holotype skull.
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFC55123BFC3D2488" bold="true" box="[925,950,1404,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFBC0123BFB952488" bold="true" box="[1032,1054,1404,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B,</emphasis>
|
||
ventral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFBB0123BFB1B2488" bold="true" box="[1144,1168,1404,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C,</emphasis>
|
||
right lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFF0B12DEFF5024AD" bold="true" box="[195,219,1433,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D,</emphasis>
|
||
anterior;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFE8812DEFEDE24AD" bold="true" box="[320,341,1433,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E,</emphasis>
|
||
left lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFE0512DEFE5524AD" bold="true" box="[461,478,1433,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F,</emphasis>
|
||
posterior. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFD2E12DEFC8724AD" bold="true" box="[742,780,1433,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">acr,</emphasis>
|
||
accessory ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFC7012DEFC4424AD" bold="true" box="[952,975,1433,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">bs</emphasis>
|
||
, basisphenoid;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFBA512DEFB0F24AD" bold="true" box="[1133,1156,1433,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ex</emphasis>
|
||
, exoccipital;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFF0C12F1FF5C24D2" bold="true" box="[196,215,1462,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fr</emphasis>
|
||
, frontal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFEFF12F1FEC724D2" bold="true" box="[311,332,1462,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ju</emphasis>
|
||
, jugal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFE5212F0FE3724D3" bold="true" box="[410,444,1463,1487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">lar,</emphasis>
|
||
labial ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFD8C12F1FDE924D2" bold="true" box="[580,610,1462,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">lir,</emphasis>
|
||
lingual ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFD3212F0FC9724D3" bold="true" box="[762,796,1463,1487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mx</emphasis>
|
||
, maxilla;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFC4B12F0FC1524D3" bold="true" box="[899,926,1463,1487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">op</emphasis>
|
||
, opisthotic;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFBD612F0FBB324D3" bold="true" box="[1054,1080,1463,1487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pa</emphasis>
|
||
, parietal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFB6912F0FB4924D3" bold="true" box="[1185,1218,1463,1487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pal</emphasis>
|
||
, palatine;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFF1E1293FF6724F0" bold="true" box="[214,236,1492,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pf</emphasis>
|
||
, prefrontal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFEA41293FE0C24F0" bold="true" box="[364,391,1492,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">po</emphasis>
|
||
, postorbital;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFDC71293FDAE24F0" bold="true" box="[527,549,1492,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pt</emphasis>
|
||
, pterygoid;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFD691293FD3D24F0" bold="true" box="[673,694,1492,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">qj</emphasis>
|
||
, quadratojugal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFC941293FCFC24F0" bold="true" box="[860,887,1492,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">qu</emphasis>
|
||
, quadrate;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFC231293FB8924F0" bold="true" box="[1003,1026,1492,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">so</emphasis>
|
||
, supraoccipital;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A26FFBFFB631293FB4824F0" bold="true" box="[1195,1219,1492,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sq</emphasis>
|
||
, squamosal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1997661A8A27FFBEFFB013C2FEE025A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597959/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[120,159,1157,1178]" targetBox="[141,1209,240,1114]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A27FFBEFFB013C2FEE025A4" blockId="7.[120,1224,1155,1208]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
FIG. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A27FFBEFF0C13C4FED12587" authority="Gaffney & Krause, 2011" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[196,346,1155,1179]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antitra" status="n. gen. et sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A27FFBEFF0C13C4FED12587" box="[196,346,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sokatra antitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="64AF57FB8A27FFBEFEAE13C4FE6D2586" box="[358,486,1155,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. gen. et sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
FMNH PR 2649, posterolateral portion of skull.
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A27FFBEFC1013C4FC7B2587" bold="true" box="[984,1008,1155,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A27FFBEFB8913C4FBDC2587" bold="true" box="[1089,1111,1155,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B,</emphasis>
|
||
ventral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A27FFBEFB7813C4FB432587" bold="true" box="[1200,1224,1155,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C,</emphasis>
|
||
left lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A27FFBEFF2213E7FE8825A4" bold="true" box="[234,259,1184,1208]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D,</emphasis>
|
||
posterior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A27FFBEFF63124AFCC62714" blockId="7.[123,1224,1293,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
STRUCTURES: The frontal forms the posteromedial portion of the orbital margin.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A27FFBEFBB8124AFB43243B" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[1136,1224,1293,1319]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A27FFBEFBB8124AFB43243B" box="[1136,1224,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a temporal emargination comparable to that seen in pelomedusids and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A27FFBEFBD11274FB142451" authorityName="Price" authorityYear="1973" box="[1049,1183,1331,1357]" class="Reptilia" family="Araripemydidae" genus="Araripemys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A27FFBEFBD11274FB142451" box="[1049,1183,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Araripemys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in contrast to the more completely roofed skulls of euraxemydids, bothremydids, and podocnemidids. On the ventral surface, the frontal forms most of the sulcus olfactorius. Lateral to the sulcus it forms a low ridge paralleling the orbital margin that separates the orbit from the sulcus palatinopterygoideus. The frontal forms the anterior part of the sulcus palatinopterygoideus, as in other pleurodires (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="29794B638A27FFBEFE3612AAFD62271B" author="Gaffney, E. S. & H. Tong & P. A. Meylan" box="[510,745,1517,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 698" refId="ref12175" refString="Gaffney, E. S., H. Tong, and P. A. Meylan. 2006. Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 300: 1 - 698." type="journal article" year="2006">Gaffney et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 25).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A27FFBEFDDA110CFCBB277A" blockId="7.[530,816,1611,1638]" box="[530,816,1611,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PARIETAL (figs. 1, 2, 5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A27FFBEFF6311C4FBDD27FB" blockId="7.[123,1224,1667,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
PRESERVATION: Both parietals are present but poorly preserved in UA 9769, with the sutures distinguishable only with difficulty. A disarticulated parietal, UA 9770, is identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A27FFBEFFB3118AFF5827FB" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[123,211,1741,1767]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A27FFBEFFB3118AFF5827FB" box="[123,211,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the extremely close agreement with the parietal in UA 9769.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1997661A8A28FFB1FFB013B4FB1E24CB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597962/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[120,159,1267,1288]" targetBox="[138,1218,239,1235]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A28FFB1FFB013B4FB1E24CB" blockId="8.[120,1224,1265,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
FIG. 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A28FFB1FF0A13B6FEDC2415" authority="Gaffney & Krause, 2011" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[194,343,1265,1289]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antitra" status="n. gen. et sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FF0A13B6FEDC2415" box="[194,343,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sokatra antitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="64AF57FB8A28FFB1FEAA13B5FE542415" box="[354,479,1266,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. gen. et sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Key to figure 3. FMNH PR 2649, posterolateral portion of skull consisting of the left quadrate, opisthotic, and exoccipital. Dark grey is matrix, light grey is sutural surface, hatched is broken bone edge.
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FEF3126BFED82458" bold="true" box="[315,339,1324,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FE6D126BFE372458" bold="true" box="[421,444,1324,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B,</emphasis>
|
||
ventral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FDDE126BFDA62458" bold="true" box="[534,557,1324,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C,</emphasis>
|
||
left lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FD6F126BFD342458" bold="true" box="[679,703,1324,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D,</emphasis>
|
||
posterior. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FC00126BFC612458" bold="true" box="[968,1002,1324,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ant</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FB9E126BFBFE2458" bold="true" box="[1110,1141,1324,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ap,</emphasis>
|
||
antrum postoticum;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FF30120DFE84247E" bold="true" box="[248,271,1354,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca</emphasis>
|
||
, columella auris;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FE0C120DFE55247E" bold="true" box="[452,478,1354,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ct,</emphasis>
|
||
cavum tympani;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FD59120DFD30247E" bold="true" box="[657,699,1354,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">dor,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FCC5120DFCAF247E" bold="true" box="[781,804,1354,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ex</emphasis>
|
||
, exoccipital;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FC62120DFC47247E" bold="true" box="[938,972,1354,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ḩp,</emphasis>
|
||
foramen jugulare posterius;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FF641220FF5A2463" bold="true" box="[172,209,1383,1407]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fm,</emphasis>
|
||
foramen magnum;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FE561220FE4D2463" bold="true" box="[414,454,1383,1407]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fpc,</emphasis>
|
||
fossa precolumellaris;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FD7A1220FD6E2463" bold="true" box="[690,741,1383,1407]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fpcci</emphasis>
|
||
, foramen posterius canalis carotici interni;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FB6F1220FB432463" bold="true" box="[1191,1224,1383,1407]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fst,</emphasis>
|
||
foramen stapedio-temporale;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FE6B12C3FE432480" bold="true" box="[419,456,1412,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ica,</emphasis>
|
||
incisura columellae auris;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FD1D12C3FC812480" bold="true" box="[725,778,1412,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">med,</emphasis>
|
||
medial;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FCA912C3FCF72480" bold="true" box="[865,892,1412,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">op</emphasis>
|
||
, opisthotic;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FC3F12C3FB922480" bold="true" box="[1015,1049,1412,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pp,</emphasis>
|
||
processus paroccipitalis;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FF1E12E5FF7A24A6" bold="true" box="[214,241,1442,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">qu</emphasis>
|
||
, quadrate;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FEA112E5FE1F24A6" bold="true" box="[361,404,1442,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sbo,</emphasis>
|
||
sutural surface with basioccipital;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FCCC12E5FCA724A6" bold="true" box="[772,812,1442,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sbs,</emphasis>
|
||
sutural surface with basisphenoid;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FB6B12E6FB4324A5" bold="true" box="[1187,1224,1441,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sqj,</emphasis>
|
||
sutural surface with quadratojugal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FE2912F8FD8224CB" bold="true" box="[481,521,1471,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ssq,</emphasis>
|
||
sutural surface with squamosal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FC9012F8FC0F24CB" bold="true" box="[856,900,1471,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">XII,</emphasis>
|
||
foramen nervi hypoglossi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A28FFB1FF601170FD2027FB" blockId="8.[120,1225,1591,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
CONTACTS OF DORSAL PLATE: As in pelomedusids, euraxemydids, and other Pelomedusoides, the contacts of the parietal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A28FFB1FDEA111BFDF0276A" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[546,635,1628,1654]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FDEA111BFDF0276A" box="[546,635,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are with the parietal on the midline, the frontal anteriorly, and the postorbital anterolaterally. The postorbital contact is not well preserved in any specimen but, based on both UA 9769 and UA 9770, it is relatively narrow, due to the extent of the temporal emargination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A28FFB1FD84118BFD2F27FA" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[588,676,1740,1766]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A28FFB1FD84118BFD2F27FA" box="[588,676,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1997661A8A29FFB0FFB013F7FDB9246A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597964/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[120,159,1200,1221]" targetBox="[392,939,833,1164]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A29FFB0FFB013F7FDB9246A" blockId="9.[120,1224,1197,1398]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
FIG. 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A29FFB0FF0E13E9FED625D9" authority="Gaffney & Krause, 2011" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[198,349,1198,1222]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antitra" status="n. gen. et sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FF0E13E9FED625D9" box="[198,349,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sokatra antitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="64AF57FB8A29FFB0FEA213E9FE6725D9" box="[362,492,1198,1222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. gen. et sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Reconstruction of skull based on UA 9769, holotype skull, and FMNH PR 2649, referred partial skull.
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FE08138CFE5325FF" bold="true" box="[448,472,1227,1251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FDE5138CFDC825FF" bold="true" box="[557,579,1227,1251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B,</emphasis>
|
||
ventral;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FD69138CFD3325FF" bold="true" box="[673,696,1227,1251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C,</emphasis>
|
||
lateral. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FC61138CFC4925FF" bold="true" box="[937,962,1227,1251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ap</emphasis>
|
||
, antrum postoticum;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FB6F138CFB4925FF" bold="true" box="[1191,1218,1227,1251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">bo</emphasis>
|
||
, basioccipital;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FECB13AFFE91241C" bold="true" box="[259,282,1256,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">bs</emphasis>
|
||
, basisphenoid;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FE7113AFFE5B241C" bold="true" box="[441,464,1256,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ca</emphasis>
|
||
, columella auris;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FD4C13AFFD10241C" bold="true" box="[644,667,1256,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ex</emphasis>
|
||
, exoccipital;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FCEA13AFFCC1241C" bold="true" box="[802,842,1256,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fpc,</emphasis>
|
||
fossa precolumellaris;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FBFA13AFFBEE241C" bold="true" box="[1074,1125,1256,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fpcci</emphasis>
|
||
, foramen posterius canalis carotici interni;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FE021242FE652401" bold="true" box="[458,494,1285,1309]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fpp</emphasis>
|
||
, foramen palatinum posterius;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FCE51242FCCB2401" bold="true" box="[813,832,1285,1309]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fr</emphasis>
|
||
, frontal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FC551242FC3C2401" bold="true" box="[925,951,1285,1309]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fst</emphasis>
|
||
, foramen stapedio-temporale;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FF621264FF432427" bold="true" box="[170,200,1315,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ica</emphasis>
|
||
, incisura columella auris;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FE191264FE6D2427" bold="true" box="[465,486,1315,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ju</emphasis>
|
||
, jugal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FDE61264FDDB2427" bold="true" box="[558,592,1315,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mx</emphasis>
|
||
, maxilla;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FD7A1264FD462427" bold="true" box="[690,717,1315,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">op</emphasis>
|
||
, opisthotic;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FC811264FCE82427" bold="true" box="[841,867,1315,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pa</emphasis>
|
||
, parietal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FC001264FC622427" bold="true" box="[968,1001,1315,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pal</emphasis>
|
||
, palatine;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FB991264FBEC2427" bold="true" box="[1105,1127,1315,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pf</emphasis>
|
||
, prefrontal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FF681207FF302444" bold="true" box="[160,187,1344,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">po</emphasis>
|
||
, postorbital;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FE8E1207FED52444" bold="true" box="[326,350,1344,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pr</emphasis>
|
||
, prootic;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FE0B1207FE522444" bold="true" box="[451,473,1344,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pt</emphasis>
|
||
, pterygoid;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FD901207FDF72444" bold="true" box="[600,636,1344,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ptp</emphasis>
|
||
, processus trochlearis pterygoidei;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FC221207FC742444" bold="true" box="[1002,1023,1344,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">qj</emphasis>
|
||
, quadratojugal;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FB6F1207FB492444" bold="true" box="[1191,1218,1344,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">qu</emphasis>
|
||
, quadrate;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FF161219FF7E246A" bold="true" box="[222,245,1374,1398]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">so</emphasis>
|
||
, supraoccipital;
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FE541219FE3F246A" bold="true" box="[412,436,1374,1398]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sq</emphasis>
|
||
, squamosal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A29FFB0FF6012E2FBD52716" blockId="9.[120,1225,1445,1733]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pelomedusids, unlike euraxemydids, have no parietal-quadratojugal contact. Although this area is poorly preserved in UA 9769, and the referral of UA 9770 is not certain, UA 9769 is well enough preserved to show that a parietal-quadratojugal contact is very unlikely.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A29FFB3FF601151FDDE21E7" blockId="9.[120,1225,1445,1733]" lastBlockId="10.[120,1225,225,737]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
STRUCTURES OF DORSAL PLATE: The temporal emargination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A29FFB0FC5B1152FC602733" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[915,1003,1557,1583]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FC5B1152FC602733" box="[915,1003,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends anteriorly to expose the foramen stapedio-temporalis and all the otic chamber in dorsal view, a condition typical of pelomedusids and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A29FFB0FE071127FDD82766" authorityName="Price" authorityYear="1973" box="[463,595,1632,1658]" class="Reptilia" family="Araripemydidae" genus="Araripemys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FE071127FDD82766" box="[463,595,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Araripemys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not found in Podocnemidera (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A29FFB0FBB01126FF6427BC" class="Reptilia" family="Euraxemydidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Euraxemydidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). UA 9769 has a temporal emargination that is narrower posteriorly than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A29FFB0FB4F11C2FF6F27D9" class="Reptilia" family="Bothremydidae" genus="Kinkonychelys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A29FFB0FB4F11C2FF6F27D9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kinkonychelys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and podocnemidids. On the ventral surface, the parietal forms the posterior part of the shallow sulcus palatinopterygoideus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2AFFB3FF601640FDBB233A" blockId="10.[120,1225,225,737]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CONTACTS OF PROCESSUS INFERIOR PARIETALIS: The processus inferior parietalis is very poorly preserved in UA 9769, and lacking a ventral edge in UA 9770. Although the ventral contacts are not determinable, those of the pterygoid, prootic, and supraoccipital are so universal in turtles that their presence is highly likely. Based on the anterior extent of the processus inferior parietalis in UA 9769, it is also very likely that a palatine-parietal contact was present, as in pelomedusids, euraxemydids, and many other Pelomedusoides. On the ventral surface of the right parietal in UA 9769, it can be seen that there is no parietal-pterygoid contact above the processus trochlearis pterygoidei.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2AFFB3FF601575FBBC23FD" blockId="10.[120,1225,225,737]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
STRUCTURES OF PROCESSUS INFERIOR PARIETALIS: As preserved in UA 9769, the processus inferior parietalis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2AFFB3FEA31510FE48236D" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[363,451,599,625]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2AFFB3FEA31510FE48236D" box="[363,451,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that in pelomedusids, euraxemydids, and most other Pelomedusoides, as this structure does not vary much in this group. The foramen nervi trigemini is identifiable on the left side of UA 9769 and seems to be formed by the usual elements: the parietal anterodorsally, the prootic dorsolaterally, and the pterygoid ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2AFFB3FDFA1459FC84222A" blockId="10.[562,783,798,822]" box="[562,783,798,822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">JUGAL (figs. 1, 2, 5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2AFFB3FF601414FC0C22C0" blockId="10.[120,1225,850,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PRESERVATION: The lateral plate of the jugal is present on both sides of UA 9769; the sutures are relatively clear except that the maxilla is broken on both sides to a varying extent so the exact position of the cheek emargination is not definite. The medial process is not as well preserved, but most of its sutures can be seen on the left side.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2AFFB3FF6014AFFC37258B" blockId="10.[120,1225,850,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CONTACTS OF LATERAL PLATE: The jugal contacts the maxilla anteroventrally, the postorbital dorsally, and the quadratojugal posterodorsally, as in pelomedusids. The posterior contact with the quadratojugal is V-shaped with the apex pointing posteriorly. As this unusually shaped contact is preserved only on one side of one damaged specimen, it might be considered suspect, but the shape of this suture can be seen on the internal surface as well.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2AFFB3FF6013E4FC3624DE" blockId="10.[120,1225,850,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
STRUCTURES OF LATERAL PLATE: The jugal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2AFFB3FD7013E5FC8525A0" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[696,782,1186,1212]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2AFFB3FD7013E5FC8525A0" box="[696,782,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is of about the same relative size as in pelomedusids and euraxemydids, but not as large as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2AFFB3FD27138FFCFE25FE" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[751,885,1224,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Podocnemididae" genus="Podocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2AFFB3FD27138FFCFE25FE" box="[751,885,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Podocnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The jugal forms the posteroventral part of the orbital rim. It probably contributes to the anterior part of the cheek emargination, although this is not preserved in any specimen. On the left side of UA 9769 there is only a small part of the jugal missing, and it is likely that this part entered the cheek emargination rather than the quadratojugal sending a process ventrally to meet the maxilla. As seems likely based on this area of UA 9769, the cheek emargination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2AFFB3FD0112C5FCAB2480" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[713,800,1410,1436]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2AFFB3FD0112C5FCAB2480" box="[713,800,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not as extensive dorsally as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2AFFB3FFB012EFFF7524DE" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[120,254,1448,1474]" class="Reptilia" family="Podocnemididae" genus="Podocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2AFFB3FFB012EFFF7524DE" box="[120,254,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Podocnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but very similar to that in pelomedusids and euraxemydids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2AFFB3FF60128AFBAD2761" blockId="10.[120,1225,850,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CONTACTS OF MEDIAL PROCESS: In the floor of the orbit (in dorsal view), the jugal contacts the maxilla anteriorly and laterally. It probably contacts the palatine medially on the left side of UA 9769, but this is obscured by breakage. In the septum orbitotemporale the jugal in UA 9769 has the usual pelomedusid and euraxemydid contacts with the postorbital dorsomedially, the palatine ventromedially, the pterygoid posteriorly, and the maxilla ventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2AFFB2FF6011CFFBC121E7" blockId="10.[120,1225,850,1736]" lastBlockId="11.[120,1098,225,252]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">STRUCTURES OF MEDIAL PROCESS: The jugal in UA 9769 forms part of the fossa orbitalis floor, as in pelomedusids and euraxemydids, and the lateral part of the septum orbitotemporale, as in other Pelomedusoides. The jugal does not extend onto the triturating surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FE1F1678FCE32045" blockId="11.[471,872,318,345]" box="[471,872,318,345]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">QUADRATOJUGAL (figs. 1, 2, 5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FF601630FC22233A" blockId="11.[120,1225,375,849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PRESERVATION: The quadratojugal is present only in UA 9769 on the left side and it is incomplete. The dorsal margin is a broken edge, although the edge is very thin and probably did not extend much farther. The ventral margin is mostly broken but a small section of finished margin shows the extent of the cheek emargination. The posterior contact with the quadrate is broken, but the position of most of the suture is determinable.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FF601575FC92221A" blockId="11.[120,1225,375,849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
CONTACTS: The quadratojugal in UA 9769 contacts the quadrate posteriorly, the jugal anteriorly, and, probably, the postorbital anterodorsally. The latter contact is not actually visible but is likely. There is no squamosal-quadratojugal contact in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FCE8153BFCF3238A" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[800,888,636,662]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FCE8153BFCF3238A" box="[800,888,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FC3E153BFBDB238A" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[1014,1104,636,662]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelusios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FC3E153BFBDB238A" box="[1014,1104,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pelusios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FB46153BFF5A23A7" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FB46153BFF5A23A7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pelomedusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have narrow ones. The absence of a quadratojugal-parietal contact, which appears to be the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FEE01580FE0B23FD" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[296,384,711,737]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FEE01580FE0B23FD" box="[296,384,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is characteristic of pelomedusids and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FC9D1580FC5223FD" authorityName="Price" authorityYear="1973" box="[853,985,711,737]" class="Reptilia" family="Araripemydidae" genus="Araripemys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FC9D1580FC5223FD" box="[853,985,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Araripemys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is present in euraxemydids, podocnemidids, and many bothremydids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FF601455FD4A224D" blockId="11.[120,1225,375,849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">STRUCTURES: The quadratojugal in UA 9769 is a flat plate entering the cheek emargination ventrally and the temporal emargination dorsally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FE3414D3FCC822B3" blockId="11.[508,835,916,943]" box="[508,835,916,943]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SQUAMOSAL (figs. 1, 2, 5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FF60148BFC802510" blockId="11.[120,1224,972,1371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
PRESERVATION: The squamosal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FD89148BFD1222FA" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[577,665,972,998]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FD89148BFD1222FA" box="[577,665,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present on both sides of UA 9769; both are largely complete but damaged with some crushed areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FF601350FD5A240D" blockId="11.[120,1224,972,1371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
CONTACTS: The squamosal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FDCF1350FDD4252D" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[519,607,1047,1073]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FDCF1350FDD4252D" box="[519,607,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contacts the quadrate anteriorly and anteromedially, and the opisthotic medially, on the dorsal, posterior, and ventral surfaces. Due to the temporal emargination there is no contact with the quadratojugal.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FCEF1326FCF42567" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[807,895,1121,1147]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FCEF1326FCF42567" box="[807,895,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from pelomedusids, euraxemydids, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FE9413C0FE6B25BD" authorityName="Price" authorityYear="1973" box="[348,480,1159,1185]" class="Reptilia" family="Araripemydidae" genus="Araripemys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FE9413C0FE6B25BD" box="[348,480,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Araripemys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having no contact between the squamosal and quadratojugal above the cavum tympani of the quadrate. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FD5B13EAFC9C25DB" authorityName="Price" authorityYear="1973" box="[659,791,1197,1223]" class="Reptilia" family="Araripemydidae" genus="Araripemys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FD5B13EAFC9C25DB" box="[659,791,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Araripemys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and many pelomedusids the contact between these bones is very narrow, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FDBF1396FD5B25F7" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[631,720,1233,1259]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FDBF1396FD5B25F7" box="[631,720,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are widely separated, exposing a substantial length of quadrate in the temporal margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FF60125BFEF72447" blockId="11.[120,1224,972,1371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
STRUCTURES: The squamosal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FDEF125BFDF4242A" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[551,639,1308,1334]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FDEF125BFDF4242A" box="[551,639,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the usual conical shape, with a large antrum postoticum internally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FE3C12D8FCC024A6" blockId="11.[500,843,1439,1466]" box="[500,843,1439,1466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">POSTORBITAL (figs. 1, 2, 5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FF601290FE95277D" blockId="11.[120,1225,1495,1745]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
PRESERVATION: The postorbital in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2BFFB2FD8A1290FD1124ED" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[578,666,1495,1521]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2BFFB2FD8A1290FD1124ED" box="[578,666,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present on both sides of UA 9769, but both are incomplete. The left one has a broken posterior margin and the dorsal contact is in a broken area, particularly posteriorly, while the right one is more complete but also has a broken posterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2BFFB2FF60112BFD4027CD" blockId="11.[120,1225,1495,1745]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CONTACTS OF LATERAL PLATE: The postorbital definitely contacts the frontal anteromedially, the jugal ventrally, and the parietal posteromedially. It probably contacts the quadratojugal posteroventrally, but this is not actually preserved.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2CFFB5FF6017A6FBC120AA" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,737]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
STRUCTURES OF LATERAL PLATE: The postorbital in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2CFFB5FD3617A6FCDE21E7" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[766,853,225,251]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2CFFB5FD3617A6FCDE21E7" box="[766,853,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms part of the dorsal margin of the orbit. It probably also formed part of the temporal margin posteriorly, but this is broken on both sides. Nonetheless, a small part of the edge of the right postorbital is very thin and seems to be close to or on the temporal margin, showing that there is no quadratojugal-parietal contact and that the postorbital does form part of the temporal emargination. All of these features of the cheek are very similar in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE84D118A2CFFB5FD9B16DBFD2020AA" authorityName="Gaffney & Krause" authorityYear="2011" box="[595,683,412,438]" class="Reptilia" genus="Sokatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F9CEA808A2CFFB5FD9B16DBFD2020AA" box="[595,683,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sokatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, euraxemydids, and pelomedusids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2CFFB5FF601685FC572357" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,737]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CONTACTS OF MEDIAL PROCESS: In the septum orbitotemporale, facing the fossa orbitalis, the postorbital contacts the frontal dorsomedially and the jugal ventrolaterally. Neither of these is well preserved. Facing the fossa temporalis, the postorbital contacts the parietal dorsomedially, the jugal ventrolaterally, and, probably, the pterygoid ventromedially.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5736928A2CFFB5FF601510FEFC23FD" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,737]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">STRUCTURES OF MEDIAL PROCESS: The postorbital forms most of the roof of the sulcus palatinopterygoideus, which is relatively thin as in pelomedusids. It is thicker in euraxemydids. The ventral surface has a shallow concavity forming the roof of the sulcus palatinopterygoideus.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |