332 lines
38 KiB
XML
332 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="B554BC9945E5ABB5D2792C9A5DE36C52" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181811" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97b48148-0d1c-4040-8de1-64bf75b859c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181811" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459841993743" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Solari, Sergio & Pine, Ronald H." docDate="2008" docId="BC18ED17D57CFFCA9DDD63D4FC363205" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01756p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1756" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Marmosa (Stegomarmosa) andersoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="4021956FD57FFFCE9D4A6343FF93364F" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery and redescription of Marmosa (Stegomarmosa) andersoni Pine (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae), an endemic Peruvian mouse opossum, with a reassessment of its affinities" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698224320458" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="92835AAA431D2F817CB4A092FCB9D583">Rediscovery and redescription of Marmosa (Stegomarmosa) andersoni Pine (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae), an endemic Peruvian mouse opossum, with a reassessment of its affinities</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="65C7344BB2A8B51E7A3B547F0EADF1D2">Pine, Ronald H.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="BC18ED17D57CFFCA9DDD63D4FC363205" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6232951" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119360388" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6232951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC18ED17D57CFFCA9DDD63D4FC363205" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC18ED17D57CFFCA9DDD63D4FC363205" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="7CAB0F8AD57CFFCD9DDD63D4FC8436FE" box="[151,791,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="340E5C01D57CFFCD9DDD63D4FC8436FE" blockId="3.[151,791,151,177]" box="[151,791,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="6F46EB6DD57CFFCD9DDD63D4FC8436FE" bold="true" box="[151,791,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9DDD63D4FC8436FE" bold="true" box="[151,791,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Rediscovery of
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9C1D63D4FC8436FE" ID-CoL="3Y83C" box="[343,791,151,177]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni" subGenus="Stegomarmosa">
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9C1D63D4FC8436FE" bold="true" box="[343,791,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Marmosa (Stegomarmosa) andersoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7CAB0F8AD57CFFCA9DDD63A1FC363205" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph id="340E5C01D57CFFCD9DDD63A1FF66354B" blockId="3.[151,1437,226,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Four juvenile opossums (MUSM 14151–14153, USNM 582777) were collected, by hand, on the night of
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<date id="400F7AC1D57CFFCD983563A1FEC4376B" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="1997-11-27">27 November 1997</date>
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, in a large stand of bamboo at Cashiriari 3 well-site (
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<geoCoordinate id="51853AC6D57CFFCD9E836249FBA0376B" box="[969,1075,266,292]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-11.866667">11°52’ S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="51853AC6D57CFFCD990A6249FB25376B" box="[1088,1206,266,292]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-72.65">72°39’ W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="F349F1E4D57CFFCD99886249FA82376B" box="[1218,1297,266,292]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.94" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="694.0">694 m</quantity>
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). Ranges of external measurements were: TL, 182–195; LT, 105–110; HF, 15–18; E, 14–16; W,
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<quantity id="F349F1E4D57CFFCD99346271FB353703" box="[1150,1190,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="g" value="9.0">9 g</quantity>
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. Although immature (MUSM 14151 falls into age class 2 of Pine
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9FFB6219FD7E373C" box="[689,749,346,371]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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1985a), their external characters (warm brownish coloration, black eye-rings, long distal caudal hairs) suggested membership in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD992B62C1FB6837D4" box="[1121,1275,386,411]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD992B62C1FB6837D4" box="[1121,1275,386,411]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and, accordingly, they were reported as
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9CA262E9FD7A378B" authority="Burmeister" authorityName="Burmeister" box="[488,745,426,452]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9CA262E9FDD8378C" box="[488,587,426,451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">G. agilis</emphasis>
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(Burmeister)
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="502021F0D57CFFCD9E6362E9FC68378B" author="Solari" box="[809,1019,426,452]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Solari, S., Vivar, E., Rodriguez, J. J. & Mena, J. L. (1998) Small mammals: biodiversity assessment in the lower Urubamba region. In: Alonso, A. & Dallmeier, F. (Eds), Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring of the Lower Urubamba Region, Peru: Cashiriari 3 Well Site and the Camisea and Urubamba Rivers. SI / MAB Series 2, Smithsonian Institution / MAB Biodiversity Programs, Washington, D. C., pp. 209 - 218." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Solari
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9E3262E9FC27378C" box="[888,948,426,451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The following year, two adult (of age class 5 of Pine
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9C376291FE2A37A4" box="[381,441,466,491]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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1985a) female mouse opossums of similar appearance to each other, but unlike any known species in the area, were secured at two localities, Cashiriari 3 and San Martín 3 well-sites. One of these, MUSM 14154, carrying five attached young =
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<quantity id="F349F1E4D57CFFCD9E436161FCC93473" box="[777,858,546,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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crown-rump, was taken on
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<date id="400F7AC1D57CFFCD99EB6161FACF3473" box="[1185,1372,546,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="1998-08-31">31 August 1998</date>
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from a sticky-trap set around a branch of a medium-sized tree near the forest edge, by the herpetological team, at the Cashiriari 3 well-site. The other one, MUSM 14155, was caught inside a bamboo cane (
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD999B6131FABC34C4" box="[1233,1327,626,651]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD999B6131FABC34C4" box="[1233,1327,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Guadua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.) by a native guide, on
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<date id="400F7AC1D57CFFCD9C2A61D9FDAA34FB" box="[352,569,666,692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="1998-11-09">9 November 1998</date>
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, at the San Martín 3 well-site (
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<geoCoordinate id="51853AC6D57CFFCD9EFA61D9FB8934FB" box="[944,1050,666,692]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-11.783334">11°47’ S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="51853AC6D57CFFCD996361D9FB3334FB" box="[1065,1184,666,692]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-72.7">72°42’ W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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||
<quantity id="F349F1E4D57CFFCD99E461D9FB6D34FB" box="[1198,1278,666,692]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.74" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="474.0">474 m</quantity>
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||
). Both of the new localities (
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<figureCitation id="AC8A4084D57CFFCD9C036181FE1E3493" box="[329,397,706,732]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,243,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,197,1811]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of southeastern Peru, showing the type locality of Marmosa (Stegomarmosa) andersoni (Hacienda Villa Carmen = black triangle), and the two new localities in the Lower Urubamba Region (black dots: 1 = San Martín 3, and 2 = Cashiriari 3 well-sites). Two major rivers near the collecting localities are named. Inset: Outline map of Peru, indicating the boundaries of the area shown in color." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181812/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) are within an area ecologically similar to the Cosñipata Valley, which contains the
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<typeStatus id="EB0AE2A3D57CFFCD98236181FA083493" box="[1385,1435,706,732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="340E5C01D57CFFCD9D8F6051FA1435EB" blockId="3.[151,1437,226,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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All four juveniles were found climbing around in a single bamboo thicket, probably close to their nest. At the Cashiriari 3 well-site, other mouse opossums (
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9E546079FBFD351B" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[798,1134,826,852]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quichua">
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9E546079FC6E351C" box="[798,1021,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Marmosa quichua</emphasis>
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Thomas
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD99C96079FA0F351C" box="[1155,1436,826,851]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctivagus">
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD99C96079FA0F351C" box="[1155,1436,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Marmosops noctivagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Tschudi], and
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9C036021FDDE3534" box="[329,589,866,891]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demerarae">
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9C036021FDDE3534" box="[329,589,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Micoureus demerarae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Thomas]) were collected in bamboo thickets, where they nested using dead leaves. None of our
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9C8860C9FDCD35EC" box="[450,606,906,931]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
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<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9C8860C9FDCD35EC" box="[450,606,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">M. andersoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens was observed or caught more than
|
||
<quantity id="F349F1E4D57CFFCD993560C9FB3F35EB" box="[1151,1196,906,932]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
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above the ground.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="340E5C01D57CFFCD9D8F60F1FEC6306B" blockId="3.[151,1437,226,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Skull and external characters of the adults matched those given by
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<bibRefCitation id="502021F0D57CFFCD9E9060F1FBF73583" author="Pine" box="[986,1124,946,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Pine, R. H. (1972) A new subgenus and species of murine opossum (genus Marmosa) from Peru. Journal of Mammalogy, 53, 279 - 282." type="journal article" year="1972">Pine (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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in his description of
|
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD982A60F1FD8D35BC" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni" subGenus="Stegomarmosa">
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||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD982A60F1FD8D35BC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Marmosa (Stegomarmosa) andersoni</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. Although the
|
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<typeStatus id="EB0AE2A3D57CFFCD9F9F6099FC9435BB" box="[725,775,986,1012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
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specimen (FMNH 84252) is of an adult male, the two adult female specimens resemble it in most essential details, such as the enormous postorbital processes, the strongly constricted interorbital area (
|
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<figureCitation id="AC8A4084D57CFFCD9F1D6769FD32320B" box="[599,673,1066,1092]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[183,1407,186,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[183,1408,138,1938]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (above, left) and ventral (above, right) view of the skull and lower jaw (below) of MUSM 14154, a female specimen of M. andersoni reported in the text. Some of the distinctive traits of the species are shown, including the development of the postorbital processes and the first lower premolar’s filling in the space between the lower canine and the second lower premolar. Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181813/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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), the presence of a conspicuous fringe of relatively long silvery bristles on each side of the naked caudal prehensile surface, and an obvious gular gland. Sexual dimorphism is evident, however, in that the male
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<typeStatus id="EB0AE2A3D57CFFCD9F0A6739FD3A32DB" box="[576,681,1146,1172]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
, but not the females, possesses the lateral carpal tubercle (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="502021F0D57CFFCD9DDD67E1FE0A32F3" author="Lunde" box="[151,409,1186,1212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Lunde, D. P. & Schutt, W. A., Jr. (1999) The peculiar carpal tubercles of male Marmosops parvidens and Marmosa robinsoni (Didelphidae: Didelphinae). Mammalia, 63, 495 - 504." type="journal article" year="1999">Lunde & Schutt 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The three adults are remarkably similar in their dimensions (Table 1). After the adults were identified as
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<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9C326788FD8B32AB" box="[376,536,1227,1252]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9C326788FD8B32AB" box="[376,536,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">M. andersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the four juveniles were re-identified as belonging to the same taxon (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="502021F0D57CFFCD9DDD67B1FEE33343" author="Solari" box="[151,368,1266,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" refString="Solari, S., Vivar, E., Rodriguez, J. J., Velazco, P. M., Wilson, D. E., Baker, R. J. & Mena, J. L. (2001) The small mammal community of the lower Urubamba Region, Peru. In: Dallmeier, F., Alonso, A., & Campbell, P. (Eds), Urubamba: The Biodiversity of a Peruvian Rainforest. SI / MAB Series 7, Smithsonian Institution / MAB Biodiversity Program, Washington, D. C., pp. 171 - 181." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Solari
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||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9DA267B0FEB53343" box="[232,294,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2001
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Differences between the juveniles and the adults are no more than would be expected within a single species but involving animals of different ages. Diagnostic features used in assigning the juveniles to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9DBC6600FE003313" box="[246,403,1346,1372]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9DBC6600FE9D3313" box="[246,270,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9C546600FE003313" box="[286,403,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">andersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include various of those seen in adults, such as the skull profile, large orbits, the color pattern (although juvenile MUSM 14151, at least, shows somewhat browner, less reddish dorsal coloration), the incipient and beaded postorbital processes (highly unusual for such young animals), and the characteristic silvery bristle fringes on each side of the caudal prehensile surface. The six new specimens extend the geographic range of this rare and apparently endemic opossum by almost
|
||
<quantity id="F349F1E4D57CFFCD9EA366A1FBD633B3" box="[1001,1093,1506,1532]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
|
||
to the northwest of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EB0AE2A3D57CFFCD982366A1FA0833B3" box="[1385,1435,1506,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AC8A4084D57CFFCD9DB56549FED0306B" box="[255,323,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,243,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,197,1811]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of southeastern Peru, showing the type locality of Marmosa (Stegomarmosa) andersoni (Hacienda Villa Carmen = black triangle), and the two new localities in the Lower Urubamba Region (black dots: 1 = San Martín 3, and 2 = Cashiriari 3 well-sites). Two major rivers near the collecting localities are named. Inset: Outline map of Peru, indicating the boundaries of the area shown in color." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181812/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="340E5C01D57CFFCD9D8F6571FC2A31C3" blockId="3.[151,1437,226,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
At the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EB0AE2A3D57CFFCD9C566571FEDC3003" box="[284,335,1586,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Villa Carmen, three other species of mouse opossums were also reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="502021F0D57CFFCD982D6571FF7A303B" author="Pine" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Pine, R. H. (1972) A new subgenus and species of murine opossum (genus Marmosa) from Peru. Journal of Mammalogy, 53, 279 - 282." type="journal article" year="1972">Pine (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9DBD6518FE7E303B" authority="Tate" authorityName="Tate" box="[247,493,1626,1652]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9DBD6518FE27303B" box="[247,436,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Marmosa rubra</emphasis>
|
||
Tate
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9F4A6518FC1A303B" authority="Tschudi" authorityName="Tschudi" box="[512,905,1626,1652]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="impavidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9F4A6518FC9D303B" box="[512,782,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Marmosops impavidus</emphasis>
|
||
(Tschudi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9E866518FADA303B" authority="Tate" authorityName="Tate" box="[972,1353,1626,1652]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9E866518FBC5303B" box="[972,1110,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD99C26518FB68303B" box="[1160,1275,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">parvidens</emphasis>
|
||
(Tate)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— this last specimen actually represents
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9F5765C0FD7A30D3" authority="Pine" authorityName="Pine" box="[541,745,1666,1692]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bishopi">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9F5765C0FD0930D3" box="[541,666,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">M. bishopi</emphasis>
|
||
(Pine)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="502021F0D57CFFCD9ED865C1FBF030D3" box="[914,1123,1666,1692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" refString="Voss, R. S., Lunde, D. P. & Simmons, N. B. (2001) The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 2. Nonvolant species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 263, 1 - 236." type="journal article">
|
||
Voss
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9E9A65C0FB9830D3" box="[976,1035,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Didelphid species sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9C4C65E8FE36308B" box="[262,421,1707,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9C4C65E8FE36308B" box="[262,421,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">M. andersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the two new localities include:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9E0165E8FB58308B" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[843,1227,1706,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9E0165E8FBC2308B" box="[843,1105,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Didelphis marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD999365E8FF4B30A3" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD999365E8FAE7308B" box="[1241,1396,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9DDD6590FF4B30A3" box="[151,216,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">agilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9DA26590FD2B30A3" authority="Hershkovitz" authorityName="Hershkovitz" box="[232,696,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Hyladelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kalinowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9DA26590FD9B30A3" box="[232,520,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Hyladelphys kalinowskii</emphasis>
|
||
(Hershkovitz)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9F8F6590FC0E30A3" box="[709,925,1747,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quichua">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9F8F6590FC0E30A3" box="[709,925,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Marmosa quichua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9EE76590FB2C30A3" box="[941,1215,1747,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9EE76590FB2C30A3" box="[941,1215,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Marmosops noctivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD999A6590FE34315B" authority="E Geoffroy" authorityName="E Geoffroy" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Metachirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudicaudatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD999A6590FE92315B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Metachirus nudicaudatus</emphasis>
|
||
(É Geoffroy)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9CFE65B8FD2A315B" box="[436,697,1787,1812]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demerarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9CFE65B8FD2A315B" box="[436,697,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Micoureus demerarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD9F8065B8FBD2315B" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[714,1089,1786,1812]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Monodelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9F8065B8FC50315B" box="[714,963,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Monodelphis emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
(Thomas)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57CFFCD99C965B8FE9A3173" authority="Osgood" authorityName="Osgood" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Monodelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD99C965B8FA0F315B" box="[1155,1436,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Monodelphis peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
(Osgood)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the LUR Valley, which includes the aforementioned two well-sites plus two others (Cashiriari 2 and Pagoreni, see Alonso
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9C826408FD90312B" box="[456,515,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001), 17 species of didelphids were recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="502021F0D57CFFCD997F6409FA96312B" author="Solari" box="[1077,1285,1866,1892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" refString="Solari, S., Vivar, E., Rodriguez, J. J., Velazco, P. M., Wilson, D. E., Baker, R. J. & Mena, J. L. (2001) The small mammal community of the lower Urubamba Region, Peru. In: Dallmeier, F., Alonso, A., & Campbell, P. (Eds), Urubamba: The Biodiversity of a Peruvian Rainforest. SI / MAB Series 7, Smithsonian Institution / MAB Biodiversity Program, Washington, D. C., pp. 171 - 181." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Solari
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD99CE6408FB2C312B" box="[1156,1215,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), thus giving this area one of the most diverse marsupial faunas in the Neotropics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="340E5C01D57CFFCA9D8F64D9FBE734AD" blockId="3.[151,1437,226,2012]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,1098]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The predominant vegetation of the region was lowland tropical rainforest; descriptions of the vegetation at each well-site have been provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="502021F0D57CFFCD9F056481FCCF3193" box="[591,860,1986,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" refString="Comiskey, J. A., Campbell, J. P., Alonso, A., Mistry, S., Dallmeier, F., Nunez, P., Beltran, H., Baldeon, S., Nauray, W., Colina, R. de la, Acurio, L. & Udvardy, S. (2001) The vegetation communities of the Lower Urubamba Region, Peru. In: Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F. & Campbell, P. (Eds), Urubamba: the Biodiversity of a Peruvian Rainforest. SI / MAB Series 7, Smithsonian Institution / MAB Biodiversity Programs, Washington, D. C., pp. 9 - 32." type="book chapter">
|
||
Comiskey
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57CFFCD9F876480FC943193" box="[717,775,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and are summarized here. The terra firme forests were characterized by a relatively low abundance of trees>
|
||
<quantity id="F349F1E4D57BFFCA9E1663DBFC3536FD" box="[860,934,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
dbh (diameter at breast height), but a high canopy, ascending to>
|
||
<specimenCount id="22B79788D57BFFCA9CFD6383FE613695" box="[439,498,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="F349F1E4D57BFFCA9CFD6383FE7D3695" box="[439,494,192,218]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="30.0">30m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
These primary forests were dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57BFFCA9EB76383FAFB3695" box="[1021,1384,192,218]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deltoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA9EB76383FB433696" box="[1021,1232,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Iriartea deltoidea</emphasis>
|
||
(Arecaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA9DDD63ABFEC1374E" box="[151,338,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Matisia cordata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57BFFCA9C2863ABFD9F374D" box="[354,524,232,258]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Bombacaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other important terra firme forest species included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57BFFCA993163ABFA91374E" box="[1147,1282,232,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Chimarrhis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA993163ABFA91374E" box="[1147,1282,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Chimarrhis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA982E63ABFEFE3766" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Pentagonia parvifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57BFFCA9CF16253FDA83765" box="[443,571,272,298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The most defining feature of the secondary forests was the overwhelming dominance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57BFFCA9C3E627BFCAC371D" box="[372,831,312,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Senefeldera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inclinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA9C3E627BFDE3371E" box="[372,624,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Senefeldera inclinata</emphasis>
|
||
(Euphorbiaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurred under no other conditions. These secondary forests were characterized by a high abundance of trees>
|
||
<quantity id="F349F1E4D57BFFCA9EF56223FB9B3735" box="[959,1032,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
dbh and a low canopy. The mixed upland forests were structurally and compositionally intermediate as compared to the primary and secondary forests; however, they had the lowest stature of all the sites. The arborescent bamboo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57BFFCA99E262F3FA073786" box="[1192,1428,432,457]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarcocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA99E262F3FA073786" box="[1192,1428,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Guadua sarcocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was abundant at San Martín 3, and at Cashiriari 3, while it was absent from the Cashiriari 2 and Pagoreni wellsites. Important species at Cashiriari 3 included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57BFFCA9F8D6143FBBE3455" box="[711,1069,512,538]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deltoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA9F8D6143FC053456" box="[711,918,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Iriartea deltoidea</emphasis>
|
||
(Arecaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA99726143FAB03456" box="[1080,1315,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Miconia triplinervis</emphasis>
|
||
(Melastomataceae), and
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA9C06616BFDAE340E" box="[332,573,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Pseudolmedia laevis</emphasis>
|
||
(Moraceae). In general, human disturbance was negligible throughout the study area. Temperatures across this area were typically warm and showed little annual variation. Mean temperatures ranged from 23.5 to 24.5 °C and relative humidity normally exceeded 80%. The region experienced distinct wet and dry seasons. Mean annual rainfall ranged between 3,000 and
|
||
<quantity id="F349F1E4D57BFFCA996161E3FB3034F5" box="[1067,1187,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="3.5">3,500 mm</quantity>
|
||
and occurred mostly from the beginning of October through the end of April (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="502021F0D57BFFCA9E7A618BFBF434AD" author="Alonso" box="[816,1127,712,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Alonso, A. & Dallmeier, F. (Eds) (1998) Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring of the Lower Urubamba Region, Peru: Cashiriari- 3 Well Site and the Camisea and Urubamba Rivers. SI / MAB Series 2, Smithsonian Institution / MAB Biodiversity Programs, Washington, D. C., xliv + 298 pp." type="book" year="1998">Alonso & Dallmeier 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="340E5C01D57BFFCA9D8F61B3FC363205" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
||
According to NWMSG (1996),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57BFFCA9F0B61B3FD4C3546" box="[577,735,752,777]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA9F0B61B3FD4C3546" box="[577,735,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">M. andersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is “critically endangered” on the basis of being: “Severely endangered or known to exist at only a single location” and “Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in…area, extent and/or quality of habitat.” Our new information has increased the known localities from one to three, but has not appreciably changed the extent of our knowledge concerning these criteria
|
||
<emphasis id="06C58013D57BFFCA9838602BFEE635E6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
||
visa-vis
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B12782D57BFFCA9D9260D3FEE635E6" box="[216,373,912,937]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">M. andersoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Only one adult was taken at each new locality, and the
|
||
<specimenCount id="22B79788D57BFFCA995F60D3FB0535E5" box="[1045,1174,912,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="juvenile">4 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
were caught together. All the localities are within a narrow strip along the base of the Andes, in very similar pre-montane forests below
|
||
<quantity id="F349F1E4D57BFFCA9DAC60A3FED035B5" box="[230,323,992,1018]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
. However, the actual distribution and abundance of this animal may be quite different than the limited information currently available would seem to indicate. The actual conservation status of this species, like that of so many known from very few specimens, is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |