895 lines
116 KiB
XML
895 lines
116 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="900881A21B49C60E6A056B5BA4FC4752">Revalidation of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 (Anura: Natatanura: Pyxicephalidae), a bullfrog endemic to the lowlands of eastern Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3EEEB94F17DA499706DA5B942DA9EAB5">Scott, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6138FF7DB4C65525AF901E8EC2B5B690">Visser, John D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5F523858952E88FF89AFF79913A66C5F">Yetman, Caroline A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8D1D4271F797A5CFE0DEC7AE40F38F7B">Oliver, Lauren</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="798537506017BC8196218524BED17123">Broadley, Donald G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="13225D069F78F728B411745A64FE6577">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FE7A7434BDC5DC81455BE8E278ADAE52">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="21CC48BCB7687AE0A816A1722B86A180">3599</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="6499650BFFDE187FC897028A73636289" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDE187FC897028A73CA62E8" blockId="3.[151,760,1180,1239]" box="[151,760,1180,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<heading id="777481ECFFDE187FC897028A73CA62E8" bold="true" box="[151,760,1180,1206]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC897028A73CA62E8" bold="true" box="[151,760,1180,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FC897028A735462E8" ID-CoL="4QYCH" authority="Parry, 1982" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,614,1180,1206]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC897028A70FF62E8" bold="true" box="[151,461,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Pyxicephalus angusticeps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFDE187FC9D4028A735462E8" author="Parry" box="[468,614,1180,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Parry, C. R. (1982) A revision of southern African Pyxicephalus Tschudi (Anura: Ranidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 25 (1), 281 - 292." type="journal article" year="1982">Parry, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="05C457E9FFDE187FCA6C028A73CA62E8" box="[620,760,1180,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">New Status</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDE187FC89702A973636289" blockId="3.[151,760,1180,1239]" box="[151,593,1215,1239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC89702A971C86289" box="[151,250,1215,1239]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1525,1548]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1517,1540]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1834,1857]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1419,1442]" captionTargetBox-0="[476,1119,663,1512]" captionTargetBox-1="[328,1259,196,1473]" captionTargetBox-2="[186,1400,617,1804]" captionTargetBox-3="[187,1401,189,1384]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[476,1119,663,1512]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[307,1271,173,1499]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[174,1418,594,1826]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[174,1418,180,1409]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Distribution of P. angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status (black triangles) and P. edulis Peters, 1854 (grey squares) in east Africa. Localities of juvenile specimens are not included." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMSA 1992, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique. 2 A. Dorsal view. 2 B. Ventral view. 2 C. Lateral view, left. 2 D. Frontal view. 2 E. Hand. 2 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status. 3 A, 3 B: AC 1104, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. 3 C, 3 D: AC 1112, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. 3 E, 3 F: MP 3143, adult ♀ from Dondo, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status. 3 A, 3 B: CAS 164712, adult 3 from Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya, dorsal and ventral views. 3 C, 3 D: CAS 164708, adult 3 from Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya, dorsal and ventral views. 3 E, 3 F: CAS 202691, adult Ƥ from Zaraninge [Kiono] Forest Reserve, Tanzania, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/217095/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/217096/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/217097/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/217098/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC90602A970246289" box="[262,278,1215,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[171,1420,189,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,161,1911]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paralectotype of Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: ZMB 10056, determined here to be P. angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status, adult 3 from Tete, Mozambique. 6 A. Dorsal view. 6 B. Ven tr al vi ew. 6 C. Lateral view, right. 6 D. Lateral view, left. 6 E. Frontal view. 6 F. Hand. 6 G. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217100/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">6</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC92202A9700F6289" box="[290,317,1215,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[209,1376,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1408,131,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of adult males of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 10 A, 10 B. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: CAS 160245, Katima Mulilo, Namibia. 10 C, 10 D. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 10 E, 10 F. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: MNHNP 2010.0153, Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique. 10 G, 10 H. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: CAS 164712, Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">10</figureCitation>
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G–H, 11A–C, 12B, 13E.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6499650BFFDE187FC89703147205632D" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDE187FC89703147570630B" blockId="3.[151,1435,1282,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="0C9311AEFFDE187FC89703147570630B" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FC897031473826349" ID-CoL="4QYCH" authority="Parry 1982: 281" authorityName="Parry" authorityPageNumber="281" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,688,1282,1304]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adspersus" subSpecies="angusticeps">
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<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC8970314733A6346" box="[151,520,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Pyxicephalus adspersus angusticeps</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="AD221091FFDE187FCA0D031573826349" author="Parry" box="[525,688,1282,1304]" page="281" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFDE187FCA0D031573B26349" author="Parry" box="[525,640,1282,1304]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Parry, C. R. (1982) A revision of southern African Pyxicephalus Tschudi (Anura: Ranidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 25 (1), 281 - 292." type="journal article" year="1982">Parry 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 281
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
–292, figs 1, 4, 5, 7, table 1.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="AD221091FFDE187FCBD2031574226349" author="Poynton" box="[978,1296,1282,1304]" page="123" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="1985">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFDE187FCBD2031575D36346" author="Poynton" box="[978,1249,1282,1304]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Poynton, J. C. & Broadley, D. G. (1985) Amphibia Zambesiaca 2. Ranidae. Annals of the Natal Museum, 27 (1), 115 - 181." type="journal article" year="1985">Poynton & Broadley 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 123
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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–124.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FC897033672116368" ID-CoL="4QYCM" authority="Channing, Du Preez & Passmore 1994: 141" authorityName="Channing, Du Preez & Passmore" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,803,1312,1334]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
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<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC897033670526368" box="[151,352,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Pyxicephalus edulis</emphasis>
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:
|
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<treatmentCitation id="AD221091FFDE187FC96D033672116368" author="Channing" box="[365,803,1312,1334]" page="141" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFDE187FC96D033673C76368" author="Channing" box="[365,757,1312,1334]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Channing, A., Du Preez, L. H. & Passmore, N. I. (1994) Status, vocalization and breeding biology of two species of African bullfrogs (Ranidae: Pyxicephalus). Journal of Zoology, London, 234, 141 - 148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1994. tb 06061. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Channing, Du Preez & Passmore 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 141
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
–148, fig. 1b, plate 1b, synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FCC9B033474A46369" ID-CoL="4QYCH" box="[1179,1430,1312,1335]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adspersus" subSpecies="angusticeps">
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<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCC9B033474A46369" box="[1179,1430,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. adspersus angusticeps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="AD221091FFDE187FC8C7032970A5630B" author="Channing" box="[199,407,1343,1365]" page="349" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFDE187FC8C703297054630A" author="Channing" box="[199,358,1343,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Channing, A. (2001) Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa. Protea Book House, Pretoria, 470 pp." type="book" year="2001">Channing 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 349
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–351, figs 22.5, 281.
|
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<treatmentCitation id="AD221091FFDE187FCA6C03297295630A" author="Channing" box="[620,935,1343,1365]" page="322" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFDE187FCA6C03297244630B" author="Channing" box="[620,886,1343,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Channing, A. & Howell, K. M. (2006) Amphibians of East Africa. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 418 pp." type="book" year="2006">Channing & Howell 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 322
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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–323, fig. 22.6.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDE187FC89703487205632D" blockId="3.[151,1435,1282,1396]" box="[151,823,1373,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="0C9311AEFFDE187FC89703487205632D" box="[151,823,1373,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FC89703487374632D" ID-CoL="4QYCM" authority="Pickersgill 2007: 105" authorityName="Pickersgill" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,582,1373,1396]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
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<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC89703487052632A" box="[151,352,1374,1396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Pyxicephalus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="AD221091FFDE187FC96E034B7374632D" author="Pickersgill" box="[366,582,1373,1395]" page="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFDE187FC96E034B7325632D" author="Pickersgill" box="[366,535,1373,1395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Pickersgill, M. (2007) Frog Search. Results of Expeditions to Southern and Eastern Africa from 1993 - 1999. Frankfurt Contributions to Natural History Volume 28. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 574 pp." type="book chapter" year="2007">Pickersgill 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 105
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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–108 (part), figs 45, 46.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6499650BFFDE187FC897038D73FE601D" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDE187FC897038D73FE601D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1434,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC897038D707C63ED" bold="true" box="[151,334,1434,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<typeStatus id="F3388822FFDE187FC897038D71E063ED" box="[151,210,1435,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="F3388822FFDE187FC95F038D70FE63ED" box="[351,460,1435,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: Adult 3,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4A92AE45FFDE187FCA5D038D739C63ED" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[605,686,1435,1459]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
1992 (UNP 3099,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4A92AE45FFDE187FCBA8038D72CB63ED" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[936,1017,1435,1459]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3388822FFDE187FCC0A038A757363EA" box="[1034,1089,1436,1460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
number 2581), from Beira,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFDE187FC89703A970196389" box="[151,299,1471,1495]" name="Mozambique" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC93B03A970B06389" box="[315,386,1471,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[328,1259,196,1473]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[307,1271,173,1499]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMSA 1992, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique. 2 A. Dorsal view. 2 B. Ventral view. 2 C. Lateral view, left. 2 D. Frontal view. 2 E. Hand. 2 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217096/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3388822FFDE187FC99803D6733B6386" box="[408,521,1472,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: One adult 3,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4A92AE45FFDE187FCAB103A972306389" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[689,770,1471,1495]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
1991 (UNP 3098), and two subadults,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4A92AE45FFDE187FCCC103A974206389" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[1217,1298,1471,1495]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
1990 (UNP 3063),
|
||
<collectionCode id="4A92AE45FFDE187FC8E603F5700563A5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[230,311,1507,1531]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
1993 (UNP 3100) with same data as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3388822FFDE187FCB0203F5725A63A5" box="[770,872,1507,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; twelve subadult
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3388822FFDE187FCC2A03F275A763A2" box="[1066,1173,1508,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
NMZB-UM 6451 (two specimens), NMZB-UM 7516 (five specimens), NMZB-UM 19774 (four specimens; no. A shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FCD0B0011746E6041" box="[1291,1372,1543,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[226,1373,187,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[196,1401,155,1906]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Subadult and metamorphs of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 11 A, 11 B, 11 C. Paratype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMZB-UM 19774 A, subadult, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 D, 11 E, 11 F. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10446, metamorph, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 G, 11 H, 11 I. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: MP 4600, metamorph, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C) and NMZB-UM 23374, from Beira,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFDE187FCA31003D73FA601D" box="[561,712,1579,1603]" name="Mozambique" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6499650BFFDE1878C8C7005870016401" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDE187FC8C70058721261D9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1434,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC8C7005870736039" bold="true" box="[199,321,1614,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FCAF2005972BA6039" box="[754,904,1615,1639]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCAF2005972BA6039" box="[754,904,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Pyxicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of presence of mandibular odontoids (outgrowths of the dentary), femoral glands, cranial exostosis on the frontoparietals and nasals, hypertrophied inner metatarsal tubercle, and supraorbital flanges on the frontoparietals (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFDE187FCCED0081745F60F1" author="Scott" box="[1261,1389,1687,1711]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Scott, E. (2005) A phylogeny of ranid frogs (Anura: Ranoidea: Ranidae), based on a simultaneous analysis of morphological and molecular data. Cladistics, 21 (6), 507 - 574. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2005.00079. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Scott 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for comparisons of these characters in other genera of ranoid frogs).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FCB8600AD759B608D" box="[902,1193,1723,1747]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCB8600AD759B608D" box="[902,1193,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Pyxicephalus angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FC8D400F6706560A9" box="[212,343,1759,1783]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC8D400F6706560A9" box="[212,343,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC96600C9709D60A9" box="[358,431,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[190,1417,197,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,169,1815]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, adult 3 from Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 8 A. Dorsal view. 8 B. Ventral view. 8 C. Lateral view, left. 8 D. Frontal view. 8 E. Hand. 8 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217102/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC9BC00C970E560A9" box="[444,471,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[209,1376,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1408,131,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of adult males of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 10 A, 10 B. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: CAS 160245, Katima Mulilo, Namibia. 10 C, 10 D. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 10 E, 10 F. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: MNHNP 2010.0153, Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique. 10 G, 10 H. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: CAS 164712, Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">10</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D, 11D–F) by the: (1) rudimentary webbing between the toes (more extensive in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FCD8700F671CC6145" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCD8700F671CC6145" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC90D0115707C6145" box="[269,334,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[190,1417,197,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,169,1815]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, adult 3 from Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 8 A. Dorsal view. 8 B. Ventral view. 8 C. Lateral view, left. 8 D. Frontal view. 8 E. Hand. 8 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217102/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
F); (2) tympanum width less than eye diameter (more than one and one half times eye diameter in adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FC912013E70A66161" box="[274,404,1831,1855]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC912013E70A66161" box="[274,404,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC9A2013170D76161" box="[418,485,1831,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[190,1417,197,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,169,1815]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, adult 3 from Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 8 A. Dorsal view. 8 B. Ventral view. 8 C. Lateral view, left. 8 D. Frontal view. 8 E. Hand. 8 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217102/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 8C), positioned approximately one tympanum width or slightly less from eye (less than half the tympanum width in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FCA0E015A73A2613D" box="[526,656,1867,1891]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCA0E015A73A2613D" box="[526,656,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FCA9F015D73D3613D" box="[671,737,1867,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[190,1417,197,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,169,1815]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, adult 3 from Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 8 A. Dorsal view. 8 B. Ventral view. 8 C. Lateral view, left. 8 D. Frontal view. 8 E. Hand. 8 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217102/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C); and (3) vertebral stripe running most of the length of body (restricted to the snout in adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FC9F50166734461D9" box="[501,630,1903,1927]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC9F50166734461D9" box="[501,630,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FCA86017973F861D9" box="[646,714,1903,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[190,1417,197,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,169,1815]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, adult 3 from Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 8 A. Dorsal view. 8 B. Ventral view. 8 C. Lateral view, left. 8 D. Frontal view. 8 E. Hand. 8 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217102/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 8D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDE1878C8C7018570016401" blockId="3.[151,1436,1434,2035]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FC8C7018570D861F5" box="[199,490,1939,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FC8C7018570D861F5" box="[199,490,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Pyxicephalus angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FCB28018272BB61F5" box="[808,905,1939,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCB28018272BB61F5" box="[808,905,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FCB9B018572D461F5" box="[923,998,1939,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[179,1421,211,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,168,1862]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lectotype of Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: ZMB 50301 (formerly one of two specimens accessioned under ZMB 10056), adult 3 from Tete, Mozambique. 5 A. Dorsal view. 5 B. Ven t ral vi ew. 5 C. Lateral view, right. 5 D. Lateral view, left. 5 E. Frontal view. 5 F. Hand. 5 G. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217099/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FCBF60182753461F5" box="[1014,1030,1940,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1933,1956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1420,196,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,153,1912]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: MNHNP 2010.0153, adult 3 from Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique. 7 A. Dorsal view. 7 B. Ventral view. 7 C. Lateral view, left. 7 D. Frontal view. 7 E. Hand. 7 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217101/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FCC140185750261F5" box="[1044,1072,1939,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[209,1376,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1408,131,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of adult males of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 10 A, 10 B. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: CAS 160245, Katima Mulilo, Namibia. 10 C, 10 D. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 10 E, 10 F. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: MNHNP 2010.0153, Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique. 10 G, 10 H. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: CAS 164712, Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">10</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F, 12C–D) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FCD0D018274AE61F5" box="[1293,1436,1939,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCD0D018274AE61F5" box="[1293,1436,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC89F01A171DB6191" box="[159,233,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[177,1415,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,173,1899]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: CAS 160245, adult 3 from Katima Mulilo, Namibia. 9 A. Dorsal view. 9 B. Ventral view. 9 C. Lateral view, left. 9 D. Frontal view. 9 E. Hand. 9 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFDE187FC8F701A170206191" box="[247,274,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[209,1376,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1408,131,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of adult males of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 10 A, 10 B. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: CAS 160245, Katima Mulilo, Namibia. 10 C, 10 D. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 10 E, 10 F. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: MNHNP 2010.0153, Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique. 10 G, 10 H. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: CAS 164712, Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">10</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B, 12A) by: (1) nuptial pads present only on innermost finger (Digit II) of breeding males (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FCD8701AE71CC61AD" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCD8701AE71CC61AD" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but present on Digits II–IV in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDE187FCA5A01CA73D761AD" box="[602,741,2011,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCA5A01CA73D761AD" box="[602,741,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDE187FCB1A01CA724661AD" box="[794,884,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. e d u l i s</emphasis>
|
||
); (2) head of breeding males less proportionately enlarged (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878C93F068170A466F1" box="[319,406,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[209,1376,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1408,131,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of adult males of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 10 A, 10 B. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: CAS 160245, Katima Mulilo, Namibia. 10 C, 10 D. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 10 E, 10 F. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: MNHNP 2010.0153, Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique. 10 G, 10 H. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: CAS 164712, Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), particularly in width, than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878CB19068F729966EE" box="[793,939,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878CB19068F729966EE" box="[793,939,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878CBEE068F757D66EE" box="[1006,1103,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. e d u l i s</emphasis>
|
||
; (3) distinct subadult gular colouration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878C92B06AA704D668A" box="[299,383,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[226,1373,187,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[196,1401,155,1906]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Subadult and metamorphs of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 11 A, 11 B, 11 C. Paratype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMZB-UM 19774 A, subadult, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 D, 11 E, 11 F. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10446, metamorph, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 G, 11 H, 11 I. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: MP 4600, metamorph, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217105/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
C), which is darkly marbled and more persistent in the adult female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878CCBE06AA7436668A" box="[1214,1284,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1857]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,617,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[174,1418,594,1826]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status. 3 A, 3 B: AC 1104, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. 3 C, 3 D: AC 1112, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. 3 E, 3 F: MP 3143, adult ♀ from Dondo, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217097/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878CD8706AB703566A6" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878CD8706AB703566A6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C93F06F770A966A6" box="[319,411,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. e d u l i s</emphasis>
|
||
; (4) small, triangular, pointed odontoids, not longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878CC7106C975F166A9" box="[1137,1219,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1102,1125]" captionTargetBox="[222,1367,197,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1375,190,1079]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Odontoids of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 12 A. Unvouchered live adult 3 specimen of P. adspersus Tschudi, 1838. 12 B. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: CAS 164711, adult 3, Malindi-Mombassa road, Kenya. 12 C. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: CAS-SUA 18321, adult 3, Livalr District, Tanzania. 12 D. Paratype of P. edulis Peters, 1854: ZMB 3349, adult 3, from Mozambique." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217106/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
B in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878CCFB06F774AE66A6" box="[1275,1436,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878CCFB06F774AE66A6" box="[1275,1436,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878C8BF071270236742" box="[191,273,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1102,1125]" captionTargetBox="[222,1367,197,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1375,190,1079]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Odontoids of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 12 A. Unvouchered live adult 3 specimen of P. adspersus Tschudi, 1838. 12 B. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: CAS 164711, adult 3, Malindi-Mombassa road, Kenya. 12 C. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: CAS-SUA 18321, adult 3, Livalr District, Tanzania. 12 D. Paratype of P. edulis Peters, 1854: ZMB 3349, adult 3, from Mozambique." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217106/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D in
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C96E071370F86742" box="[366,458,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. e d u l i s</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878C9DE0712732D6742" box="[478,543,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[190,1417,197,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,169,1815]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, adult 3 from Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 8 A. Dorsal view. 8 B. Ventral view. 8 C. Lateral view, left. 8 D. Frontal view. 8 E. Hand. 8 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217102/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
D in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878CA5B071373EF6742" box="[603,733,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878CA5B071373EF6742" box="[603,733,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), whereas odontoids are large and well-developed in all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878C90E073E7091671E" box="[270,419,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C90E073E7091671E" box="[270,419,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Pyxicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (5) presence of at most poorly-developed dorsal ridges, usually the most distinct running from behind eyes (dorsum of
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3388822FFD91878C9EE075B732C673B" box="[494,542,333,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material covered only by weakly or strongly developed oval or round warts), whereas these are thick and highly developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878CABA0767727767D6" box="[698,837,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878CABA0767727767D6" box="[698,837,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878CB550779729567D9" box="[853,935,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[209,1376,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1408,131,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of adult males of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 10 A, 10 B. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: CAS 160245, Katima Mulilo, Namibia. 10 C, 10 D. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10337, Òbbia, ca. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia. 10 E, 10 F. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: MNHNP 2010.0153, Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique. 10 G, 10 H. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: CAS 164712, Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A); and narrower, finer and often continuous in
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C8B40783703D67F2" box="[180,271,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. e d u l i s</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878C9220782705B67F2" box="[290,361,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[179,1421,211,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,168,1862]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lectotype of Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: ZMB 50301 (formerly one of two specimens accessioned under ZMB 10056), adult 3 from Tete, Mozambique. 5 A. Dorsal view. 5 B. Ven t ral vi ew. 5 C. Lateral view, right. 5 D. Lateral view, left. 5 E. Frontal view. 5 F. Hand. 5 G. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217099/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 10E); (6) vertebral stripe wide, pale (coppery-orange in preservation) and diffuse, formed by pale background colour visible between densely-packed, dark dorsal blotches, which are absent medially, with fine, dark stippling present elsewhere between dark dorsal blotches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878CB6207CA729867AA" box="[866,938,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1857]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,617,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[174,1418,594,1826]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status. 3 A, 3 B: AC 1104, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. 3 C, 3 D: AC 1112, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. 3 E, 3 F: MP 3143, adult ♀ from Dondo, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217097/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878CBB807CA72FA67AA" box="[952,968,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1419,1442]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,189,1384]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[174,1418,180,1409]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status. 3 A, 3 B: CAS 164712, adult 3 from Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya, dorsal and ventral views. 3 C, 3 D: CAS 164708, adult 3 from Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya, dorsal and ventral views. 3 E, 3 F: CAS 202691, adult Ƥ from Zaraninge [Kiono] Forest Reserve, Tanzania, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217098/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas the vertebral stripe is absent in adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878C8FF041770B96446" box="[255,395,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C8FF041770B96446" box="[255,395,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and variably (but usually) present, thin and pale green-yellow in
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878CC70041775F96446" box="[1136,1227,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. e d u l i s</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878CCDE07E974176446" box="[1246,1317,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1933,1956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1420,196,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,153,1912]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854: MNHNP 2010.0153, adult 3 from Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique. 7 A. Dorsal view. 7 B. Ventral view. 7 C. Lateral view, left. 7 D. Frontal view. 7 E. Hand. 7 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217101/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 10); (7) femoral glands well-developed and relatively larger and more conspicuous than in all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878C897045E701E643E" box="[151,300,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C897045E701E643E" box="[151,300,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Pyxicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD91878C89703E372386074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217095/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" targetBox="[476,1119,663,1512]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD91878C89703E372386074" blockId="4.[151,1436,1525,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C89703E370206055" bold="true" box="[151,274,1525,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878C9B403E1738D6055" authority="Parry, 1982" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1982" box="[436,703,1526,1548]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C9B403E173766052" box="[436,580,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
Parry, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05C457E9FFD91878CAC503E072056055" box="[709,823,1526,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">New Status</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(black triangles) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD91878CC1403E175DE6055" authority="Peters, 1854" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1854" box="[1044,1260,1525,1548]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878CC1403E1755B6052" box="[1044,1129,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(grey squares) in east Africa. Localities of juvenile specimens are not included.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6499650BFFD9186CC8C7004072C166A9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD91878C8C70040728560E9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1622,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C8C7004073046031" bold="true" box="[199,566,1622,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
Redescription of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3388822FFD91878C9C9004173036031" box="[457,561,1623,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male, NMSA 1992 (field number UNP 3099, NMSA
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3388822FFD91878CCFE004E7404602E" box="[1278,1334,1624,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Number 2581,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878C8DE006D701160CD" box="[222,291,1659,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[328,1259,196,1473]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[307,1271,173,1499]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMSA 1992, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique. 2 A. Dorsal view. 2 B. Ventral view. 2 C. Lateral view, left. 2 D. Frontal view. 2 E. Hand. 2 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), collected at Beira, the swamp beyond Estoril [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="49B75047FFD91878CB49006D72FF60CD" box="[841,973,1659,1683]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="15" value="-19.843613">19°50'37"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="49B75047FFD91878CBDA006D755360CD" box="[986,1121,1659,1683]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="15" value="34.838886">34°50'20"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
]:
|
||
<date id="583D1040FFD91878CC74006A742260CD" box="[1140,1296,1659,1683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="1959-01-26">Jan. 26, 1959</date>
|
||
, Nyasaland-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFD91878C8970089701960E9" box="[151,299,1695,1719]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
Expedition [of the University of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFD91878CAA0008973D260E9" box="[672,736,1695,1719]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Natal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Pietermaritzburg].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD91878C8C700D5750561B8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1622,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD91878C8C700D570396085" box="[199,267,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Tympanum visible, subcircular (oval) in shape, slanted slightly anteriorly. Tympanum width smaller than that of eye. Tympanum positioned approximately its own width in distance from eye (i.e. less than one times width of eye away from eye). White spot or marking absent from right tympanum, but minute white spot present on left tympanum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD91878C94E013170A66161" box="[334,404,1831,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[328,1259,196,1473]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[307,1271,173,1499]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMSA 1992, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique. 2 A. Dorsal view. 2 B. Ventral view. 2 C. Lateral view, left. 2 D. Frontal view. 2 E. Hand. 2 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Upper lip with thin rim of light colouration. Upper jaw with four pale coppery-orange brown bars on each side; posterior two broader than anterior two. Two anterior-most bars on upper jaw on each side of face meet anterior to eyes. Gular region pale with diffuse brown colouration laterally. Light irregular spots (not a complete crossbar) across head above eyes. Head narrow, not as wide as body at level of sacrum, not disproportionately wide. Odontoids in lower jaw weakly-developed, triangular. Tongue notched, typically ranid, no mid-lingual papilla. Nostrils large, situated slightly closer to eyes than tip of snout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD81879C89703FB7428607C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217096/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" targetBox="[328,1259,196,1473]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD81879C89703FB7428607C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1517,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879C89703FB7026605D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1517,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD81879C99E03F87210605D" authority="Parry, 1982" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1982" box="[414,802,1518,1540]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879C99E03F87397605A" box="[414,677,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Pyxicephalus angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
Parry, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05C457E9FFD81879CB2903F97293605D" box="[809,929,1518,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">New Status</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: NMSA 1992, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879C897001A718E607F" bold="true" box="[151,188,1548,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">2A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879C948001A705F607F" bold="true" box="[328,365,1548,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">2B.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879C9FE001A7316607D" bold="true" box="[510,548,1548,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">2C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, left.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879CAE2001A7235607F" bold="true" box="[738,775,1548,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">2D.</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879CB9A001A728C607F" bold="true" box="[922,958,1548,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">2E.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879CC07001A751A607F" bold="true" box="[1031,1064,1548,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">2F.</emphasis>
|
||
Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD81879C8C7005C745760F4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1610,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879C8C7005C7372603C" box="[199,576,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Secondary sexual characteristics.</emphasis>
|
||
Nuptial pads visible only on Digit II (inner finger) of hand, covering most of dorsal and lateral surfaces of these digits, including side of thenar tubercle. Forearms only slightly thickened, indicating youth. Testes large, elongated, dark yellow in preservation with blackened mesenteric tissue above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD81879C8C700A0705A61B0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1610,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD81879C8C700A070216090" box="[199,275,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Limbs.</emphasis>
|
||
A gracile, slender-bodied animal. Toes slightly webbed, web extending to half length of longest toe (approximately to level of proximal subarticular tubercle), such that three phalanges of longest toe free of webbing; remaining length of toes with slight paler lateral flanges. Inner metatarsal tubercle hypertrophied, spade-like; outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Digits of hand elongated, tapering, with slight paler lateral flanges. Ventral surface of hands lighter, dorsal side brown. Digit II (inner finger) longer than Digit III (second finger) and Digit V (fourth finger), Digit IV (third finger) longest. Subdigital tubercles present, large and rounded. Subarticular tubercles present on Digit IV, inconspicuous on other fingers. Thenar tubercle large and bilobed (not divided completely), palmar tubercle present. Palms of hands otherwise smooth. Digit tips unexpanded, rather narrowing distally, with a paler hardened tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDB187AC8C7068171D16761" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Dorsal and dorso-lateral surfaces of thighs, calves and along margin of tarsus with small white asperites, arranged loosely into lines on weak skin ridges on dorsal surfaces of calves. White asperites present on posterior third of dorsum, set on small raised tubercles, most densely arranged around cloaca. White asperites absent from ventral surfaces of limbs. Femoral granules present around cloaca, and on posterior-dorsal surface to half length of thighs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDB187AC8C7075A707D678C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDB187AC8C7075A7099673A" box="[199,427,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Ventral colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Colouration of dorsal surface of calves extending onto ventral surface of calves. Flanks and underside of limbs lightly stippled with diffuse brown pigment. Abdomen off-white, granular. Pectoral region with two medially directed triangular ‘waistcoat’ scars1 on each side, interior of which is coloured with diffuse light brown stippling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDB187AC8C707C974AA6461" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDB187AC8C707C9702D67A9" box="[199,287,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Glands.</emphasis>
|
||
Pectoral glands present, small, elongate, triangular and inconspicuous. Femoral glands large, elongate, oval, brown, inconspicuous, set within pigment horizon of ventral thighs, which is indistinct, grading into ventral colouration. Femoral glands positioned closer to knee than cloaca, confined to distal two-fifths of length of thighs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFDB187AC897013C725561DC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217097/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" targetBox="[186,1400,617,1804]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDB187AC897013C725561DC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1833,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDB187AC897013C7026611E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1834,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDB187AC91C013D7390611E" authority="Parry, 1982" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1982" box="[284,674,1835,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDB187AC91C013D7310611F" box="[284,546,1835,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Pyxicephalus angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
Parry, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05C457E9FFDB187ACAA9013A7213611E" box="[681,801,1835,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">New Status</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDB187ACB2D013D72B2611E" bold="true" box="[813,896,1835,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">3A, 3B:</emphasis>
|
||
AC 1104, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDB187AC959015D709F613F" bold="true" box="[345,429,1867,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">3C, 3D:</emphasis>
|
||
AC 1112, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDB187ACC8A015A75EB613F" bold="true" box="[1162,1241,1868,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">3E, 3F:</emphasis>
|
||
MP 3143, adult ♀ from Dondo, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="4F982A8EFFDB187AC89701AB708C61AF" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDB187AC89701AB708C61AF" blockId="6.[151,1436,1980,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
1. These triangular ‘waistcoat’ patterns are commonly observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDB187ACB7E01AA7537618C" box="[894,1029,1980,2002]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDB187ACB7E01AA7537618C" box="[894,1029,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Pyxicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and may be relictual scars from the emergence of forelimbs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFDA187BC897039D74BB6380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217098/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" targetBox="[187,1401,189,1384]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDA187BC897039D74BB6380" blockId="7.[151,1437,1419,1502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDA187BC897039D702663FE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1419,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFDA187BC91C039D73AD63FF" authority="Parry, 1982" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1982" box="[284,671,1419,1441]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDA187BC91C039D731363FF" box="[284,545,1419,1441]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pyxicephalus angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
Parry, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05C457E9FFDA187BCAA7039A722D63FF" box="[679,799,1420,1441]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">New Status</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDA187BCB29039D724E63FE" bold="true" box="[809,892,1419,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">3A, 3B:</emphasis>
|
||
CAS 164712, adult 3 from Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDA187BC9E603BF730A63E1" bold="true" box="[486,568,1449,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">3C, 3D:</emphasis>
|
||
CAS 164708, adult 3 from Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDA187BC89703DF71D76380" bold="true" box="[151,229,1481,1502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">3E, 3F:</emphasis>
|
||
CAS 202691, adult Ƥ from Zaraninge [Kiono] Forest Reserve, Tanzania, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDA187BC8C70031756760AD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1575,1959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDA187BC8C7003170946061" box="[199,422,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Dorsal colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum dark brownish-grey in preservation. Small rounded darker dorsal blotches visible anteriorly, indistinct posteriorly. No symmetrically arranged (opposite or alternate) blotches visible over urostyle region. Vertebral stripe broad, coppery-orange brown, the edges formed by irregularly-positioned, dark rounded dorsal blotches; vertebral stripe extending to tip of snout, but narrowing anteriorly from approximate level of eyes, and indistinct from approximate level of sacrum posteriorly. Small patches of mottling and stippling apparent anteriorly against pale base colour of dorsum, becoming less conspicuous posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFDA187BC8C700E9705361F9" blockId="7.[151,1436,1575,1959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFDA187BC8C700E970D46149" box="[199,486,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Dorsal ridges and warts.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary Dorsal Ridge Series 2 broken and only partially visible on right side, not extending full length of dorsum. Primary Dorsal Ridge Series 1 and 3 are greatly reduced to few weakly-developed warts. Lateral ridge absent on left, weakly present on right. Numerous conspicuous but narrow, raised oval warts present on flanks. Dorsum otherwise relatively smooth, with few slightly raised warts. Weak supratympanic ridge of warts apparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD51874C897017C73C961E0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217099/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" targetBox="[179,1421,211,1860]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD51874C897017C73C961E0" blockId="8.[151,1436,1898,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD51874C897017C702661DE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1898,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD51874C9A7017D73CF61DE" authority="Peters, 1854" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1854" box="[423,765,1898,1921]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD51874C9A7017D734061DF" box="[423,626,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Pyxicephalus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: ZMB 50301 (formerly one of two specimens accessioned under ZMB 10056), adult 3 from Tete, Mozambique.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD51874CA84019F739861C0" bold="true" box="[644,682,1929,1950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">5A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD51874CB3A019C726C61C1" bold="true" box="[826,862,1930,1951]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">5B.</emphasis>
|
||
Ven t ral vi ew.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD51874CBF3019F752A61FE" bold="true" box="[1011,1048,1929,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">5C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, right.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD51874CCEA019C742261C1" bold="true" box="[1258,1296,1930,1951]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">5D.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, left.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD51874C8C501BE71DB61E3" bold="true" box="[197,233,1960,1981]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">5E.</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD51874C97B01BE70AE61E3" bold="true" box="[379,412,1960,1981]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">5F.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD51874C9E501B1733B61E0" bold="true" box="[485,521,1959,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">5G.</emphasis>
|
||
Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD41875C897019A73FF61BE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217100/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" targetBox="[171,1420,189,1887]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD41875C897019A73FF61BE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1932,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875C897019A702161FC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1932,1955]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Paralectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD41875C9C6019B722A61FD" authority="Peters, 1854" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1854" box="[454,792,1933,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875C9C6019B73A261FD" box="[454,656,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Pyxicephalus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: ZMB 10056, determined here to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD41875CC90019874AE61FC" authority="Parry, 1982" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1982" box="[1168,1436,1933,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875CC900198741261FD" box="[1168,1312,1934,1955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
Parry, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05C457E9FFD41875C89701BB703F619F" box="[151,269,1964,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">New Status</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, adult 3 from Tete, Mozambique.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875CA6901BA73BC619F" bold="true" box="[617,654,1964,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">6A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875CB1901BA720F619F" bold="true" box="[793,829,1964,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">6B.</emphasis>
|
||
Ven tr al vi ew.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875CBCE01BD72C1619C" bold="true" box="[974,1011,1963,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">6C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, right.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875CCBF01BA75D6619F" bold="true" box="[1215,1252,1964,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">6D.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, left.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875C89701DC71896181" bold="true" box="[151,187,1994,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">6E.</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875C94C01DC705F6181" bold="true" box="[332,365,1994,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">6F.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD41875C9B601DF70EB61BE" bold="true" box="[438,473,1993,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">6G.</emphasis>
|
||
Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD71876C897019B7597619C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217101/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" targetBox="[178,1420,196,1887]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD71876C897019B7597619C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1933,1986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD71876C897019B702061FD" bold="true" box="[151,274,1933,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD71876C919019B735861FD" authority="Peters, 1854" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1854" box="[281,618,1933,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD71876C919019B70D061FD" box="[281,482,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Pyxicephalus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MNHNP 2010.0153, adult 3 from Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD71876CD2D019B746061FC" bold="true" box="[1325,1362,1933,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">7A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD71876C8D301BA71C5619F" bold="true" box="[211,247,1964,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">7B.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD71876C98901BD709C619C" bold="true" box="[393,430,1963,1986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">7C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, left.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD71876CA6D01BA73A0619F" bold="true" box="[621,658,1964,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">7D.</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD71876CB2401BA727B619F" bold="true" box="[804,841,1964,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">7E.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD71876CB9201BA7281619F" bold="true" box="[914,947,1964,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">7F.</emphasis>
|
||
Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD61877C897013A71D761DE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217102/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" targetBox="[190,1417,197,1800]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD61877C897013A71D761DE" blockId="11.[151,1436,1836,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD61877C897013A7020611C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1836,1859]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD61877C918013B7399611C" authority="Calabrezi, 1927" authorityName="Calabrezi" authorityYear="1927" box="[280,683,1836,1859]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD61877C918013B7330611D" box="[280,514,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Pyxicephalus obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
Calabrezi, 1927
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MZUF 10337, adult 3 from Òbbia,
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD61877CC1F01387505611D" box="[1055,1079,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD61877C96C015D70A3613E" bold="true" box="[364,401,1867,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">8A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD61877CA1D015D7370613E" bold="true" box="[541,578,1867,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">8B.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD61877CAD4015D73CA613C" bold="true" box="[724,760,1867,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">8C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, left.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD61877CBB8015D72EF613E" bold="true" box="[952,989,1867,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">8D.</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD61877CC6F015D75A1613E" bold="true" box="[1135,1171,1867,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">8E.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD61877CCDD015D75CC613E" bold="true" box="[1245,1278,1867,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">8F.</emphasis>
|
||
Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD11870C8970196750D61EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217103/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" targetBox="[177,1415,192,1886]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD11870C8970196750D61EB" blockId="12.[151,1436,1920,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD11870C8970196702061C8" bold="true" box="[151,274,1920,1943]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD11870C9180196739061C8" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[280,674,1920,1942]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD11870C9180196733861C8" box="[280,522,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Pyxicephalus adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi, 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: CAS 160245, adult 3 from Katima Mulilo, Namibia.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD11870CCC8019775DF61C8" bold="true" box="[1224,1261,1921,1942]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">9A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD11870CD78019774AE61C8" bold="true" box="[1400,1436,1921,1942]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">9B.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD11870C9220189707561E8" bold="true" box="[290,327,1951,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">9C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, left.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD11870CA070189731E61EA" bold="true" box="[519,556,1951,1972]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">9D.</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD11870CABE018973D061EA" bold="true" box="[702,738,1951,1972]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">9E.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD11870CB2C0189727E61EA" bold="true" box="[812,844,1951,1972]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">9F.</emphasis>
|
||
Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD01871C8970149709261AE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217104/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" targetBox="[209,1376,181,1843]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD01871C8970149709261AE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1887,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871C89701497013612B" bold="true" box="[151,289,1887,1910]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD01871CA66014972BB612B" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[614,905,1887,1909]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871CA66014973DF612B" box="[614,749,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Pyxicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi, 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871CB94017672CD612B" bold="true" box="[916,1023,1888,1909]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">10A, 10B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD01871CC07014974AB612B" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[1031,1433,1887,1909]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871CC07014975CE612B" box="[1031,1276,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Pyxicephalus adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi, 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: CAS 160245, Katima Mulilo, Namibia.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871CA31016873AE61CD" bold="true" box="[561,668,1918,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">10C, 10D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD01871CAA30168750B61CA" authority="Calabrezi, 1927" authorityName="Calabrezi" authorityYear="1927" box="[675,1081,1918,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871CAA3016872BC61CA" box="[675,910,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Pyxicephalus obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
Calabrezi, 1927
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MZUF 10337, Òbbia,
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871CD290169747361CA" box="[1321,1345,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 100 km NW of, along track Òbbia to Galcàio, Somalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871CA8C018B73C061EC" bold="true" box="[652,754,1949,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">10E, 10F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD01871CAFB018B756061EC" authority="Peters, 1854" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1854" box="[763,1106,1948,1971]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871CAFB018B72F561ED" box="[763,967,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Pyxicephalus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MNHNP 2010.0153, Nhica do Rovuma, Mozambique.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871C98E01AD70C8618E" bold="true" box="[398,506,1979,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">10G, 10H.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD01871CA0201AD72B4618F" authority="Parry, 1982" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1982" box="[514,902,1979,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD01871CA0201AD723A618F" box="[514,776,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Pyxicephalus angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
Parry, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05C457E9FFD01871CB8D01AA7534618F" box="[909,1030,1980,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">New Status</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: CAS 164712, Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD31872C897016D727D61B0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217105/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" targetBox="[226,1373,187,1891]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD31872C897016D727D61B0" blockId="14.[151,1436,1915,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD31872C897016D702C61CF" bold="true" box="[151,286,1915,1938]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Subadult and metamorphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD31872CA4F016A725D61CF" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[591,879,1916,1938]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD31872CA4F016A73E461CC" box="[591,726,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Pyxicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi, 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD31872CB79016A752761CC" bold="true" box="[889,1045,1915,1938]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">11A, 11B, 11C.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD31872CC97016A702361EE" authority="Parry, 1982" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1982" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD31872CC97016A74A961CC" box="[1175,1435,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Pyxicephalus angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
Parry, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05C457E9FFD31872C91D018A70AB61EE" box="[285,409,1947,1969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">New Status</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: NMZB-UM 19774A, subadult, dorsal, lateral and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD31872CC66018D743561EE" bold="true" box="[1126,1287,1947,1968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">11D, 11E, 11F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD31872CD15018D70AF6191" authority="Calabrezi, 1927" authorityName="Calabrezi" authorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD31872CD15018D71C66191" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Pyxicephalus obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
Calabrezi, 1927
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MZUF 10446, metamorph, dorsal, lateral and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD31872CC0E01AF75906191" bold="true" box="[1038,1186,1977,2000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">11G, 11H, 11I.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD31872CCA901AF701B61B0" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD31872CCA901AF74AE6191" box="[1193,1436,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Pyxicephalus adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi, 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MP 4600, metamorph, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="78FC6608FFD21873C89702587302629E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217106/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" targetBox="[222,1367,197,1067]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD21873C89702587302629E" blockId="15.[151,1437,1102,1216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C89702587013623D" bold="true" box="[151,289,1102,1125]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Odontoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873C9B9025873EE623A" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[441,732,1102,1124]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C9B902587372623A" box="[441,576,1102,1124]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Pyxicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi, 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CAE802587228623D" bold="true" box="[744,794,1102,1123]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">12A.</emphasis>
|
||
Unvouchered live adult 3 specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CCBD025971FF62DC" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CCBD0259740F623A" box="[1213,1341,1102,1124]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi, 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C8D8027B703A62DC" bold="true" box="[216,264,1133,1154]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">12B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873C910027B73A762DC" authority="Parry, 1982" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1982" box="[272,661,1133,1155]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C910027B732562DD" box="[272,535,1133,1155]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Pyxicephalus angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
Parry, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05C457E9FFD21873CA9D0278722462DC" box="[669,790,1133,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">New Status</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: CAS 164711, adult 3, Malindi-Mombassa road, Kenya.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CD6A027A74AE62DD" bold="true" box="[1386,1436,1132,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">12C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873C897029A70DA62FF" authority="Peters, 1854" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,488,1163,1186]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C897029A705262FC" box="[151,352,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Pyxicephalus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: CAS-SUA 18321, adult 3, Livalr District, Tanzania.
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CC0B029A750F62FF" bold="true" box="[1035,1085,1164,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">12D.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CCBC029B74AA62FF" authority="Peters, 1854" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1854" box="[1212,1432,1163,1186]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CCBC029B742362FC" box="[1212,1297,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: ZMB 3349, adult 3, from Mozambique.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD21873C8C702FB737863E7" blockId="15.[151,1436,1261,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C8C702FB7009635B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1261,1286]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult material from the coastal lowlands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFD21873CB3A02F872B16358" box="[826,899,1262,1286]" name="Kenya" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFD21873CBBA02FB752C635B" box="[954,1054,1261,1285]" name="Tanzania" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD21873CC2F02FB7546635B" box="[1071,1140,1261,1285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1419,1442]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,189,1384]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[174,1418,180,1409]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status. 3 A, 3 B: CAS 164712, adult 3 from Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya, dorsal and ventral views. 3 C, 3 D: CAS 164708, adult 3 from Malindi-Mombasa road, Kenya, dorsal and ventral views. 3 E, 3 F: CAS 202691, adult Ƥ from Zaraninge [Kiono] Forest Reserve, Tanzania, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217098/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, Appendix 1) differs from typical Mozambican material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CA1C030473F36377" box="[540,705,1298,1321]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CA1C030473F36377" box="[540,705,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD21873CAD7030772176377" box="[727,805,1297,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[328,1259,196,1473]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[307,1271,173,1499]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMSA 1992, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique. 2 A. Dorsal view. 2 B. Ventral view. 2 C. Lateral view, left. 2 D. Frontal view. 2 E. Hand. 2 F. Foot. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217096/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD21873CB37030772776377" box="[823,837,1297,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1857]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,617,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[174,1418,594,1826]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status. 3 A, 3 B: AC 1104, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. 3 C, 3 D: AC 1112, adult 3 from Beira, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. 3 E, 3 F: MP 3143, adult ♀ from Dondo, Mozambique, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217097/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the following respects. The vertebral stripe is narrower, better defined and a darker orange-red colour in preservation. The dorsum may present more, but poorlydefined and wider broken ridges, and have more distinct dark dorsal blotches. Barring is occasionally absent between the upper lip and the eye. Adults are larger than those from Beira. The asperites on the dorsal surface of the tibia are more irregularly arranged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFD21873C8C703D37090618B" blockId="15.[151,1436,1261,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C8C703D373256383" bold="true" box="[199,535,1477,1501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Metamorphs and subadults.</emphasis>
|
||
The metamorphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CB0303D072916383" box="[771,931,1478,1501]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CB0303D072916383" box="[771,931,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CD1003D074AE6383" box="[1296,1436,1477,1501]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CD1003D074AE6383" box="[1296,1436,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873C8C703FC7015605F" box="[199,295,1513,1537]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C8C703FC7015605F" box="[199,295,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on at least three external characters. The adult pattern of fewer ridges and conspicuous oval warts is also evident in metamorphs and subadults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CA9A00187209607B" box="[666,827,1550,1573]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CA9A00187209607B" box="[666,827,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD21873CB4B001B72AD607B" box="[843,927,1549,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[226,1373,187,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[196,1401,155,1906]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Subadult and metamorphs of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 11 A, 11 B, 11 C. Paratype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMZB-UM 19774 A, subadult, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 D, 11 E, 11 F. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10446, metamorph, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 G, 11 H, 11 I. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: MP 4600, metamorph, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217105/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). There are only a few broken ridges in place of Primary Dorsal Ridge Series 2, and the dorsum is covered in conspicuous oval warts, usually more pronounced laterally, in metamorph material (with tail vestiges) from NMZB that we assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CCFA004074AE6033" box="[1274,1436,1622,1645]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CCFA004074AE6033" box="[1274,1436,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on occurrence at the same locality as the distinctive subadult
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3388822FFD21873CBC4006C750160CC" box="[964,1075,1658,1682]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. These evenly-spaced warts in metamorphs and sub-adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873C9FD0088739260EB" box="[509,672,1694,1717]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C9FD0088739260EB" box="[509,672,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are absent from the dorsum in metamorphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CCC90088746A60EB" box="[1225,1368,1693,1717]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CCC90088746A60EB" box="[1225,1368,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD21873CD6A008B71836087" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[226,1373,187,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[196,1401,155,1906]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Subadult and metamorphs of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 11 A, 11 B, 11 C. Paratype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMZB-UM 19774 A, subadult, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 D, 11 E, 11 F. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10446, metamorph, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 G, 11 H, 11 I. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: MP 4600, metamorph, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217105/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
G–I),
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C8F600D470606087" box="[246,338,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. e d u l i s</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873C99000D473266087" box="[400,532,1729,1753]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873C99000D473266087" box="[400,532,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD21873CA2400D7734A6087" box="[548,632,1729,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[226,1373,187,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[196,1401,155,1906]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Subadult and metamorphs of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 11 A, 11 B, 11 C. Paratype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMZB-UM 19774 A, subadult, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 D, 11 E, 11 F. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10446, metamorph, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 G, 11 H, 11 I. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: MP 4600, metamorph, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217105/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F), and conform in appearance to those observed in the warty adult individual illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFD21873C9B300F373D860A3" author="Channing" box="[435,746,1765,1789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" refString="Channing, A. (2001) Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa. Protea Book House, Pretoria, 470 pp." type="book" year="2001">Channing (2001, fig. 22.5)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFD21873CAF900F372C860A3" author="Channing" box="[761,1018,1765,1789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" refString="Channing, A., Du Preez, L. H. & Passmore, N. I. (1994) Status, vocalization and breeding biology of two species of African bullfrogs (Ranidae: Pyxicephalus). Journal of Zoology, London, 234, 141 - 148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1994. tb 06061. x" type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Channing
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CB7000F0729960A3" box="[880,939,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, plate 1b), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFD21873CCB200F3705F617F" author="Channing" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" refString="Channing, A. & Howell, K. M. (2006) Amphibians of East Africa. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 418 pp." type="book" year="2006">Channing & Howell (2006, plate 22.6)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They resemble dorsal warts observed in the pyxicephaline genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CC8C011C7009611B" authority="Channing & Boycott, 1989" authorityName="Channing & Boycott" authorityYear="1989" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Poyntonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CC8C011C75CD617F" box="[1164,1279,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Poyntonia</emphasis>
|
||
Channing & Boycott, 1989
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The metamorphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CA340138738B611B" box="[564,697,1837,1861]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CA340138738B611B" box="[564,697,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differ markedly in colouration from their congeners, being finely vermiculated over the entire dorsum, with larger blotches present only on the limbs, and in having immaculate abdomens. A primary series of six ridges develop in late-stage
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CBF10160754C61D3" box="[1009,1150,1909,1933]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CBF10160754C61D3" box="[1009,1150,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. adspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CCB70160742561D3" box="[1207,1303,1909,1933]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CCB70160742561D3" box="[1207,1303,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, and are pronounced by the time metamorphosis is complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD21873CB13018F725461EF" box="[787,870,1945,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[226,1373,187,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[196,1401,155,1906]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Subadult and metamorphs of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 11 A, 11 B, 11 C. Paratype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMZB-UM 19774 A, subadult, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 D, 11 E, 11 F. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10446, metamorph, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 G, 11 H, 11 I. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: MP 4600, metamorph, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217105/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
G–I); these ridges are lacking in metamorphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFD21873CD87018C71CC618B" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFD21873CD87018C71CC618B" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. obbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFD21873C90C01AB706C618B" box="[268,350,1981,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[226,1373,187,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[196,1401,155,1906]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Subadult and metamorphs of Pyxicephalus Tschudi, 1838. 11 A, 11 B, 11 C. Paratype of Pyxicephalus angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status: NMZB-UM 19774 A, subadult, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 D, 11 E, 11 F. Pyxicephalus obbianus Calabrezi, 1927: MZUF 10446, metamorph, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 11 G, 11 H, 11 I. Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi, 1838: MP 4600, metamorph, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217105/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFCD186CC8C7068E72C166A9" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CC8C7068E701166EE" bold="true" box="[199,291,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Larvae.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles listed in the account of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFCD186CCA970681726566F1" author="Pickersgill" box="[663,855,151,175]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refString="Pickersgill, M. (2007) Frog Search. Results of Expeditions to Southern and Eastern Africa from 1993 - 1999. Frankfurt Contributions to Natural History Volume 28. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 574 pp." type="book chapter" year="2007">Pickersgill (2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
fig. 47, top,
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CCBE4068F753866EE" box="[996,1034,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">viz.</emphasis>
|
||
MP 2155) from Tica,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFCD186CCD01068174A566F1" box="[1281,1431,151,175]" name="Mozambique" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, are typical of
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CC93006AB70B8668A" box="[304,394,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. e d u l i s</emphasis>
|
||
(according to information presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFCD186CCB4706AB75BB668A" author="Du" box="[839,1161,188,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refString="Du Preez, L. & Carruthers, V. C. (2009) A Complete Guide to the Frogs of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 488 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2009">Du Preez & Carruthers 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 414–417), in having the labial tooth row formula 5(3-5)/3. The tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CCAC306F7725166A6" box="[707,867,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CCAC306F7725166A6" box="[707,867,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6499650BFFCD186CC8C70715709E6599" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFCD186CC8C7071574246502" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CC8C7071570526742" bold="true" box="[199,352,259,284]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFCD186CC968071370CA6742" author="Parry" box="[360,504,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refString="Parry, C. R. (1982) A revision of southern African Pyxicephalus Tschudi (Anura: Ranidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 25 (1), 281 - 292." type="journal article" year="1982">Parry (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CCAA90713727B6742" box="[681,841,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CCAA90713727B6742" box="[681,841,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was probably isolated from the western populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CC8B7073F702A671E" box="[183,280,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CC8B7073F702A671E" box="[183,280,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the old course of the Zambezi River, which reached the sea south of Beira. He predicted that the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CC8F9075B70AA673A" box="[249,408,333,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CC8F9075B70AA673A" box="[249,408,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would include the area north to the Zambezi River and west to the Urema Trough. Although the southern limit of the known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CCAA20767727367D6" box="[674,833,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CCAA20767727367D6" box="[674,833,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3388822FFCD186CCC0B0766750967D6" box="[1035,1083,368,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Beira in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFCD186CCD01077974A567D9" box="[1281,1431,367,391]" name="Mozambique" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species probably extends northwards through the lowland plains of East Africa, as far as Kakuyuni in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFCD186CCD53078374AE67F3" box="[1363,1436,405,429]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Appendix 1). A distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CCA4807AF73D8678E" box="[584,746,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CCA4807AF73D8678E" box="[584,746,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in East Africa is presented in
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4B82A05FFCD186CCC5407A175AB6791" box="[1108,1177,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1525,1548]" captionTargetBox="[476,1119,663,1512]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[476,1119,663,1512]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of P. angusticeps Parry, 1982 New Status (black triangles) and P. edulis Peters, 1854 (grey squares) in east Africa. Localities of juvenile specimens are not included." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217095/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, and is similar to that presented for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CC93907CB70A967AA" box="[313,411,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CC93907CB70A967AA" box="[313,411,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in fig. 252 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFCD186CCA5007CA72A667AA" author="Channing" box="[592,916,476,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refString="Channing, A. & Howell, K. M. (2006) Amphibians of East Africa. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 418 pp." type="book" year="2006">Channing & Howell (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. There is, however, a substantial disjunction between known records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFCD186CC9FB07E973BD6449" box="[507,655,511,535]" name="Mozambique" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFCD186CCB5B07E9728D6449" box="[859,959,511,535]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFCD186CCC000416757E6446" box="[1024,1100,512,536]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which may be due to poor collecting effort in the intervening lowlands. Few herpetological surveys have been undertaken in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFCD186CCD01043274A56462" box="[1281,1431,548,572]" name="Mozambique" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and even those conducted in areas where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CCA7B045E7223643E" box="[635,785,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CCA7B045E7223643E" box="[635,785,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Pyxicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should occur (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48124B71FFCD186CCBF2045175D26401" author="Jacobsen" box="[1010,1248,583,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refString="Jacobsen, N. H. G., Pietersen, E. W. & Pietersen, D. W. (2010). A preliminary herpetological survey of the Vilanculos Coastal Wildlife Sanctuary on the San Sebastian Peninsula, Vilankulo, Mozambique. Herpetology Notes 3, 181 - 193 (published online on 31 May 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Jacobsen
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CCC61045F75AF643E" box="[1121,1181,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may not detect these frogs, due to their prolonged periods of inactivity. We have used the distinctive characteristics of the metamorphs (discussed above) to assign some metamorphs without associated adult material from two additional localities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CC92004A370F26492" box="[288,448,693,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CC92004A370F26492" box="[288,448,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Jorge (1933DD) is on the Buzi River, about
|
||
<quantity id="EB7B9B65FFCD186CCBBE04A275266492" box="[958,1044,692,716]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="km" value="120.0">120 km</quantity>
|
||
upstream from its confluence with the Pungwe River estuary. Alvez de Lima (2034AB) was a safari camp
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CCBB404CF72FC64AE" box="[948,974,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="EB7B9B65FFCD186CCBDB04C1751064B1" box="[987,1058,727,751]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
south-west of Beira, far from any major rivers. According to unpublished ecological modeling results (C.A. Yetman), areas in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFCD186CCD0804EA74AE654A" box="[1288,1436,764,788]" name="Mozambique" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
with potentially suitable habitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CCA32053773E16566" box="[562,723,801,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CCA32053773E16566" box="[562,723,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include parts of north-central Manica Province, south-west of Quelimane on the coast in Zambezia Province, and along the Limpopo River in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54947610FFCD186CCC6A055275966502" box="[1130,1188,836,860]" name="Gaza Strip" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gaza</collectingCountry>
|
||
Province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3C3680FFCD186CC8C70571709E6599" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CC8C7057170F265DE" bold="true" box="[199,448,871,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
Additional survey work is required to accurately assess the range and conservation status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB834D03FFCD186CC900059B709365FA" box="[256,417,909,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EF7EA92FFCD186CC900059B709365FA" box="[256,417,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. angusticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may be more widespread in East Africa. Currently, it is best considered as ‘Data Deficient’ (IUCN 2011).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |