345 lines
34 KiB
XML
345 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297096" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c1387d80-7836-4181-89bf-68078ab4ab54" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905267768" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="2D1CB801E7A38E06EB2E046A48D8530E" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Spalacidae.907-926.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Spalax Guldenstaedt 1770" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A11DBA0A6C0B5DFF91C92FCE8D12B73F" lastPageNumber="915" masterDocId="A11DBA0A6C0B5DFF91C92FCE8D12B73F" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Spalacidae" masterLastPageNumber="926" masterPageNumber="907" pageNumber="915" updateTime="1716779754618" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="732F4C725F3F99DD4D72182D21104718" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CE859B5EAB896D5AB98E774DDB04D346">
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<mods:title id="C967CFE45340498E33F938F8F14C334C">Order Rodentia - Family Spalacidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="79EC0ED4F14F20B4107F2DDD0F00B76A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6EFB65D5D01D8FFCCD10FD81FB193AAF">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7C46B946BBDA734BD5AAE87B8CCC352B" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9A70BA27F9998A09CF93EE78800554DD">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9B75FD1AAA841C9AAC612FF88BE68AB7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="F2F1D0FC7FDF7A6CA85124B2A01369D3">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="136EFDC53EB3D4CF0F2E3C2ED6CF042E">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="CAD8C777981EA97D36D110AD84E73965">
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<mods:placeTerm id="AB053C792E1BDA9741624F127413A931">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="312C0D9FD787BCC02F0E200946D76312">
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<mods:title id="C43D45449553388CFCC3F8E9A5978F93">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="34B0B623D315186C1D526F42F22E1989">
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<mods:extent id="F163DD63C7A73248D12ADEA6A87887BB" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="307B3D62E7D5102C60445E6043512F76">907</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7E6B893DE250F7D86109BB2216F8A8DF">926</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8095531A8962B4FE062FE6F112E4F618">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3C2351AC64195682E4ED97C3C6681E90" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DD0DBB865DEE231DC3F89BA354C31806" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="2D1CB801E7A38E06EB2E046A48D8530E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231539198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D1CB801E7A38E06EB2E046A48D8530E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D1CB801E7A38E06EB2E046A48D8530E" lastPageNumber="915" pageNumber="915" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000025">
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<subSubSection id="874CB2C43EF324B8AE6934E3D2BCDB06" pageNumber="915" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CF99D35E69AF03808EB6A50107828E12" pageNumber="915">
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<taxonomicName id="C5E052046E3CCB94632BA5DA5338CCCC" ID-CoL="7JWG" authority="Guldenstaedt 1770" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E7474079ED7C3BDAFE764B42EE9ECC7E" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax</emphasis>
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Guldenstaedt 1770
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43CB6AE0D82595E75435A3C2B8BD7EB0" pageNumber="915" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="45064F8E7484540885989023F0F1F4EF" pageNumber="915">
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<treatmentCitation id="087F4695A60CE8D81EDC07E451D6BD59" author="Guldenstaedt" authority="Guldenstaedt 1770" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" journal="Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli, ser. 14" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="410" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Spalax" volume="1" year="1770">
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<taxonomicName id="AE5695108AAC5F1F29A53484E1D95D08" ID-CoL="7JWG" authority="Guldenstaedt 1770" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="74577A80F57D7CF0D2AEF9AAB49A9E4B" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax</emphasis>
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Guldenstaedt 1770
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="8128776062E987AFCA7B0F9F02731C43" author="Guldenstaedt" journal="Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli, ser. 14" pageNumber="915" pagination="410" title="Spalax" volume="1" year="1770">Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli, ser. 14, 1: 410</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00B94696A04FC2BC061701987E7B63FC" pageNumber="915" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="D53A26A8821D99B881722A2363F6D4CD" pageNumber="915">
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<emphasis id="C9BA6FB31D12FE39B4358E1442122929" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="915">Type Species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="6209191FD18FFFB029B150D11FAE5A45" authority="Guldenstaedt 1770" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
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<emphasis id="72776469C6A73A7D8071D9731719CBD1" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax microphthalmus</emphasis>
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Guldenstaedt 1770
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AB1B3436AB722333DB1CDD314395E655" pageNumber="915" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph id="19BB66B577BCCD864A98B0405887D588" pageNumber="915">
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<emphasis id="E69419D3A302991F832C7ED736AB2633" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="915">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E0311468F68F61875F346A2B7C116FD2" authority="Rafinesque 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Anotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="186596CD76A98D079F9F05B0F3CA4EED" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Anotis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="75D197C478A67C76326FB68AA26470DC" author="Rafinesque, C. S." refId="ref295952" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la nature. Palerme, 244 p." year="1815">Rafinesque 1815</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="A55588FCC81DC2017D085BC3F22E659B" authority="Desmarest 1804" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1804" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Aspalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BB589CF6A81EF27134C57A7A9BAEB51D" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Aspalax</emphasis>
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Desmarest 1804
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="FC0AA107F8A8615BEC62512099CE7FE4" authority="Méhely 1909" authorityName="Méhely" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Macrospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="40997457CDA17CCB1D27885825FDED3D" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Macrospalax</emphasis>
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Méhely 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="9B25F2D30FB35E9E8F4980579BE6196D" authority="Méheley 1909" authorityName="Méheley" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Mesospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2EEB3117576204679F5AE7DBC5642ECF" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Mesospalax</emphasis>
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Méheley 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="B3995A2D3021D4643747583E6C684845" authority="Méhely 1909" authorityName="Méhely" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Microspalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B3A0B1D7A63B6B0E4DCAE5C7CF5C1C64" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Microspalax</emphasis>
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Méhely 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="0039601DEB557284F5C18012191A4EF5" authority="Palmer 1903" authorityName="Palmer" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9E512B8394DA0D2DB98D5A87588DCD67" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Nannospalax</emphasis>
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Palmer 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="A1F99D15EB1F95CEE7BA6D66F36E74CD" authority="Nordmann 1840" authorityName="Nordmann" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Ommatostergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="005F8793D4440C8CC13EA750F6DA36D1" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Ommatostergus</emphasis>
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Nordmann 1840
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="93881D04D67A0C59E2DE646DD9ACA181" authority="Lacepède 1799" authorityName="Lacepède" authorityYear="1799" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Talpoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E93419C1BCC8019F84D58E045A104F9E" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Talpoides</emphasis>
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Lacepède 1799
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="47438FFA77944A1D761C6DCAE9DCC15E" authority="Strand 1922" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1922" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Ujhelyiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F848723A744FE06C478AF8BEAC348E20" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Ujhelyiana</emphasis>
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Strand 1922
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EE6FD951143305D9C11FDD97247CDDFC" pageNumber="915" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="BDF051378B0D1DFEC8B40618EA7E9B25" pageNumber="915">
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<emphasis id="FC1262CD8E4F2B80BB18E57A03A6BB94" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="915">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
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13 species:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="23E901146F9E6376DCB6EF23A7EF57EE" pageNumber="915">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="92E3FD42D3B7CECD042A2C9E774588BB" authority="Reshetnik 1939" authorityName="Reshetnik" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenarius">
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<emphasis id="56AB9BD75B835BA94EE79C13EA9393FF" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax arenarius</emphasis>
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Reshetnik 1939
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CEAF0F72521A3894DDF1FB0FAFCE51EA" pageNumber="915">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="6471C21B97FAE3345ABB866FB177A67B" authority="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmeli">
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<emphasis id="CCD1A3B8DAE11CB86BE14E21B0554619" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax carmeli</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C462EF34B31F3307CDDF28DDA7E35340" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="276681CA43674BDD209A791B08BBA8DA" pageNumber="915">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="DC52E080F7D1A1850D47BE148A23D6C2" authority="Nehring 1897" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="DE98856CE2B814BF4D121132FFA6CDB8" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax ehrenbergi</emphasis>
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Nehring 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C1D9519AAAD8108CE693BF88C1954AA" pageNumber="915">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="508105A6DCF4716706A9F9E40D4E902B" authority="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galili">
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<emphasis id="384ED49B6810AF447DB828CDFFC511BF" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax galili</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9956A04D53770E8A5D1D5B8F6A1D012B" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D97F4BE12D5303CBD3A4E874F6B412B3" pageNumber="915">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="6D403B181226BDA138EE2CA78D8C3721" authority="Nehring 1898" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
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<emphasis id="0D7EFC48D48C636B7E7D14C48D54D3C4" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax giganteus</emphasis>
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Nehring 1898
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40D78758E1F23903B7DEA94223DC759E" pageNumber="915">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="1FDFE8A0E4D0AEB40F21002DBC5DDC36" authority="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golani">
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<emphasis id="210A45CFA449F074BF4C5C4925E0A28D" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax golani</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="98FB5DFD122C64810843B3725B1F0D1E" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="78BC85270992DB098EEA776F8C8F51B4" pageNumber="915">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="3861A85E938922D448F0AF7904E08B8E" authority="Nehring 1898" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">
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<emphasis id="55B5D8DDF76730F2776AD574770D39B5" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax graecus</emphasis>
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Nehring 1898
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="06680E5F7BA73375DA72BF0EC88D9D94" pageNumber="915">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="B71171C1C1F0F0FA346AB5E145581CB6" authority="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="judaei">
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<emphasis id="1291408E4D49828D19B3E82870D5AA27" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax judaei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6ED8E3C711321E2F67195C7B3B463099" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="95F9174E839029CEB0D98EB9455EB8D4" pageNumber="915">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="8B64CB4B1479C20DCE42D797525A4388" authority="Nordmann 1840" authorityName="Nordmann" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucodon">
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<emphasis id="8F29C4EF419F55392F1D028140635046" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax leucodon</emphasis>
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Nordmann 1840
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E8277B62987DDBE2D243DFD075AE9B10" pageNumber="915">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21A7063D091170572D454F7C84925BF3" authority="Guldenstaedt 1770" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
|
<emphasis id="3B5D2372DDD0423745F22442B75AFDD6" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
|
Guldenstaedt 1770
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C438E3591AFDA9CA80F9DCBA618CB74C" pageNumber="915">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7D6202A91BBAEABEC206DD3AF0690BBE" authority="Satunin 1898" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nehringi">
|
|
<emphasis id="EF39E426E369104960650DE559B1D71D" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax nehringi</emphasis>
|
|
Satunin 1898
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9D31BF4A1DA40CCEF6815981BE6460CF" pageNumber="915">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C66E9D86487D0E8C5FD605E6CD115EA2" authority="Tiflov and Usov 1939" authorityName="Tiflov and Usov" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="5F5FB4C75E8947E4E1593F489A6933C0" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax uralensis</emphasis>
|
|
Tiflov and Usov 1939
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="318D9160308B35AF2B17FA788BD237CC" pageNumber="915">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1F19B5AE065DC7A6B89918D0FEB37256" authority="Erxleben 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zemni">
|
|
<emphasis id="7AA9D5E3D1896F56629A8914B5B95D43" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax zemni</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="421B10F77E38049D3F7B2141DA0B5537" author="Erxleben, J. C. P." refId="ref96470" refString="Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Weygandianis, Lipsiae, 636 pp." year="1777">Erxleben 1777</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5D069147318C4C16596CC3EFA0929578" pageNumber="915" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="5D3BE4F417B3450E6997813801CAF282" pageNumber="915">
|
|
<emphasis id="D62CC1B36544B42723D08366158C4659" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="915">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2CF3A545813E1F34D205049938186F" pageNumber="915">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9E571EC414D8FA2ED21055C26B07B20D" author="Vorontsov, N. N. & L. Ya. Martynova & I. I. Fomichova" refId="ref377824" refString="Vorontsov, N. N., L. Ya. Martynova, and I. I. Fomichova. 1977 b. [An electrophoretic comparison of the blood proteins in mole rats of the fauna of the USSR (Spalacinae, Rodentia).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 56: 1207 - 1215 (in Russian)." year="1977">
|
|
Vorontsov et al. (1977
|
|
<emphasis id="C45C6AA076C7284993BB7CE05669D5C3" italics="true" pageNumber="915">b</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
distinguished four species groups based upon biochemical data: the monotypic
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BDCB97D98F618DDB44B3CCBCDD6E43B1" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nehringi">
|
|
<emphasis id="24C6C772BBCBAC29DDF2C34843544F45" italics="true" pageNumber="915">S. nehringi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A14FC3FB805C67679ECB0C360B64E53F" authorityName="Nordmann" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucodon">
|
|
<emphasis id="61D5DC2858F65C432C34BF1738765383" italics="true" pageNumber="915">S. leucodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E123553A5EE4DDAE6F12EDAD07550A7A" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9DD8A8C95BE11A82B0C710AC79E231A1" italics="true" pageNumber="915">S. microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
groups, and the last containing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F496F26299593C6A180B07D0D12A2469" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E7CF61324D6BF600BAFF280218A7DD07" italics="true" pageNumber="915">S. graecus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B40362D71069518A9C0BFD73F5A2F545" authorityName="Méhely" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polonicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="56A933F7D902831D508ED2867F113A56" italics="true" pageNumber="915">S. polonicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3AAEC8E706B49E1A8F2128EE7903C7C8" authorityName="Reshetnik" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenarius">
|
|
<emphasis id="56A9DD7AE600E6296944946550CAD77F" italics="true" pageNumber="915">S. arenarius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1A13DDA4E2724C5D26700B7C4A2A6C60" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|
<emphasis id="0EA98D949A3DD60FFE401066261AF21C" italics="true" pageNumber="915">S. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The species discriminated biochemically are the same as those defined by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="039EDBF827050582C78480C9D9D222AA" author="Ognev, S. I." refId="ref264850" refString="Ognev, S. I. 1963 a. Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries: Rodents (continued). (Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia) [A translation of S. I. Ognev, 1947, Zveri SSSR i prilezhashchikh stran: Gryzuny (prodolzhenie). (Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii)]. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 5: 1 - 662." year="1963">
|
|
Ognev (1963
|
|
<emphasis id="EB5D4993BF4251CD89BB58998FD03856" italics="true" pageNumber="915">a</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E15EC4107C5C0E9824BDCE7895626E4E" author="Topachevskii, V. A." refId="ref358088" refString="Topachevskii, V. A. 1969. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, Tom 3, vyp. 3. Slepyshovye (Spalacidae) [Fauna of the USSR: Mammals. Mole rats, Spalacidae]. Nauka Publishers, Leningrad Section, Leningrad, 248 pp." year="1969">Topachevskii (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
using morphological traits and by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1775DB000B37947648B35DBFE1FFAF38" author="Lyapunova, E. A. & N. N. Vorontsov & L. Ya. Martynova" refId="ref218407" refString="Lyapunova, E. A., N. N. Vorontsov, and L. Ya. Martynova. 1974. Cytological differentiation of burrowing mammals in the Palaearctic. Pp. 203 - 215, in Symposium Theriologicum II (J. Kratochvil and R. Obrtel, eds.). Prague, 394 pp." year="1974">Lyapunova et al. (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
using chromosomal evidence. To these seven was added
|
|
<taxonomicName id="95B64CEF8B7822D33B2B9FC90C90B5A6" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
|
<emphasis id="4EE6BF5A0DAEA09D48DF41593F84220E" italics="true" pageNumber="915">S. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Although Savič and Nevo (1990:133) acknowledged eight extant species, they concluded that the systematics is unrealistic because "it is based primarily on classical morphology, ignoring the central phenomenon of Spalacid evolution, i.e., chromosomal speciation which suggests that more than 30 living karyotypes, or species have been described and the end is not yet in sight." Based upon new information published since 1993 or reinterpretation of older data, we add five additional species, realizing that 13 likely underestimates actual species diversity in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2B618BB196BB9ED308ADE8A32F77CDFA" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1B3A71E1F4C27A1F8D60B785264918FB" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, for
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3968720348B16EBDDAE729CFDF036B1D" author="Nevo, E. & M. G. Filippucci & C. Redi & S. Simson & G. Heth & A. Beiles" refId="ref258873" refString="Nevo, E., M. G. Filippucci, C. Redi, S. Simson, G. Heth, and A. Beiles. 1995. Karyotype and genetic evolution in speciation of subterranean mole rats of the genus Spalax in Turkey. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 54: 203 - 229." year="1995">Nevo et al. (1995:226)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
later remarked that the "40-50 karyotypes described in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D11403FAB2F7E63E4D1D2BE8093D92A" baseAuthorityName="G. M. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Spalacidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
… represent presumptive good biological sibling species" and that "the morphological species concept does not hold in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="60D88A91DFD65B8D192A68BD824C4BD8" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4E4B42788E24E0EAB0CAA9D9DA06E803" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
."
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2EE19D7A904B4F4AC7A94CCF97F61302" pageNumber="915">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B7C75D208EEBE3FCBD9CA7C913F6372C" author="Peshev, D." refId="ref281251" refString="Peshev, D. 1989 a. Craniological study of the species of genus Spalax (Spalacidae, Mammalia). I. Sex dimorphism. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 222: 83 - 91." year="1989">
|
|
Peshev (1989
|
|
<emphasis id="9999FC533C2B532B07165F7AC916C9B5" italics="true" pageNumber="915">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="D581020B75039B53EB3D9F3A03862194" italics="true" pageNumber="915">b</emphasis>
|
|
) illuminated interspecific differences among five species, as well as sexual dimorphism within each, using morphometric techniques. The cephalic arterial system and its phylogenetic significance was described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C403AC4FE33DFAA88B5F304686B1F32A" author="Bugge, J." refId="ref45960" refString="Bugge, J. 1971 a. The cephalic arterial system in mole-rats (Spalacidae) bamboo-rats (Rhizomyidae), jumping mice and jerboas (Dipodoidea) and dormice (Gliroidea) with special reference to the systematic classification of rodents. Acta Anatomica, 79: 165 - 180." year="1971">
|
|
Bugge (1971
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3B5FAE67383DEFFDE36CF36412A2C096" author="Wolman, A. A." refId="ref393014" refString="Wolman, A. A. 1985. Gray whale- - Eschrichtus robustus. Pp. 67 - 90, in Handbook of marine mammals: The sirenians and baleen whales (S. H. Ridgway and R. Harrison, eds.). Academic Press, London, 3: 1 - 362." year="1985">
|
|
<emphasis id="F82F32BE6B7AC58191E8C742221323BB" italics="true" pageNumber="915">a</emphasis>
|
|
, 1985
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and aspects of various morphological systems, particularly masseter musculature and gastrointestinal structure, summarized by Vorontsov (1979, 1982).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5D5565B8D2B2E90DC5D30A045B3466DB" author="Pasichnyk, S. V." refId="ref273834" refString="Pasichnyk, S. V. 1992. [Morpho-functional analysis of the maxillary organs in mole rats (Mammalia, Spalacidae).] Vestnik Zoologii, 5 (4): 68 - 72 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1992">Pasichnyk (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
contrasted structure and function of the maxillary region in several species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EB046F794A9C7481D266C5153311D458" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="496329A58761F21668325041317A0538" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, contrasting them with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ADD6915539DFE21ABD2B21881A012D27" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1814" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="468C3CA585C13F533ED7A3BCA11A915F" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E739FDB9E4FEB1605CB2D682F521897C" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="DEAEAF841318D35214D29DDC5B2466EF" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Rhombomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D1CC3A9E33A9E69B63F24E1B2344A203" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="3F9BF42F83E1094B6C4A07BC267A2A3D" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Rattus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9DB18E9FA61D73B975253FD11709FFD0" authorityName="Leske" authorityYear="1779" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cricetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1572F8C7AFD8ABCBC9DD2B84FAD1379E" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Cricetus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4CCF1702924DFE2A3D0A018CC0005CB" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403218" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1992 b. [A review of the Recent Muroidea (Mammalia), described from the territory of the Ukraine (1777 - 1990).] Vestnik Zoologi, 1992 (2): 39 - 48." year="1992">
|
|
Zagorodnyuk (1992
|
|
<emphasis id="6DC62F4D5E84E2E212E6C2D8BDCEB2C3" italics="true" pageNumber="915">b</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
discussed taxonomic status of names based on Ukrainian samples. Evolutionary history of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A8C7D39E3078015B57F56344F090EF02" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="87FECE202600A282DB514763361808D7" italics="true" pageNumber="915">Spalax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
extends from the early Pliocene of Europe (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="08FE1B957A7F33C04F6CFE65A015E793" author="Kowalski, K." refId="ref195964" refString="Kowalski, K. 2001. Pleistocene rodents of Europe. Folia Quaternaria, 72: 3 - 389." year="2001">Kowalski, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4C8FE8E9D1F190BE7ED6177C75B0756D" author="Topachevskii, V. A. & V. A. Nesin & I. V. Topachevskii" refId="ref358343" refString="Topachevskii, V. A., V. A. Nesin, and I. V. Topachevskii. 1998. [Biozonal microtheriological schema (stratigraphic distribution of small mammals-Insectivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) of the Neogene of the northern part of the East Parathetis.] Vestnik Zoologii, 32 (1 - 2): 76 - 87 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1998">Topachevskii et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), Pleistocene of North Africa, and middle Pleistocene of SW Asia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4325AEE750B8291107A93A14F6F16DC7" author="McKenna, M. C. & S. K. Bell" refId="ref233772" refString="McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp." year="1997">McKenna and Bell, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; see reviews in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="32B768C76C75F88E105E5E5B75EEA015" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and Ünay, 1999)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |