treatments-xml/data/08/47/4F/08474F3DFFE0FFC0FF63FF5AFE5AFC4B.xml

<document id="2892D5841BE844A652C3565E68C3F02E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d26544d-be4b-4440-a33e-26dee7d14b5e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271017" ID-ZooBank="8274E4B9-A01E-4395-AE22-0579D8E47BC7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459402537235" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vieira, Leandro M., Almeida, Ana C. S. &amp; Winston, Judith E." docDate="2016" docId="08474F3DFFE0FFC0FF63FF5AFE5AFC4B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4097.1.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4097 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Biflustra marcusi Vieira, Almeida &amp; Winston, 2016, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="F47E3745FFE7FFC9FFF4FF87FFF2FF89" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of intertidal cheilostome Bryozoa of Maceió, northeastern Brazil. Part 1: Suborders Inovicellina, Malacostegina and Thalamoporellina" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1698186707233" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="EFF32B794CF6745ED33C2378E2C6B6A1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4121A3943A22D1B1D5CE93D91BAB6B56">
<mods:title id="1C430E2F9EB160C1C4726F40E68442E3">Taxonomy of intertidal cheilostome Bryozoa of Maceió, northeastern Brazil. Part 1: Suborders Inovicellina, Malacostegina and Thalamoporellina</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CA0B19678B8E113868742170CDA6B4E7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0BDA63B65334F21C00A69219827BC099">
<mods:roleTerm id="FAD898E63BA2486D8B9DF5D9217B8B57">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AD8A01F3A872207EFD32B814B5214D1F">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="54BBB0B0CA8C4C0B03C7218831DC3D4B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="01ECF8406608219057062BDD9C4E7803">
<mods:roleTerm id="B27F33ACEA49BB6D471006942A5FA32D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8C5AF43DEB61E7C068612E10F6EC6FD7">Almeida, Ana C. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="71C99155072D7414C5D599A94F27F36B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="33BABBE663E0024FF79771FEB7DE3A1C">
<mods:roleTerm id="B2B527D740DA1E7CDAE5F4F0884A625C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="302095E885F2DF476BF2A9025F1A075A">Winston, Judith E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EAB788E5D8B3F56B704DC607C5DEBEC4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="E241B93F8215B04E35A2C5570DF8F456" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="47E5EA595ABE2894A5B05FF8D1C77BFB">
<mods:title id="B1BE1D1906D9736455C5DD718BB3C970">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A17F3B9805FD7BA705367A346434DAC2">
<mods:date id="4F4141F87ECEE082337ED8D9AF21891E">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F2DE98B8393602C21415E5928FC821AE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F76BCD1AED6D3D1A2B244F92E29DDE97">4097</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9DAB1467E9351D454BA2C054DA871644" type="issue">
<mods:number id="939B0F280FEF5683848444FAB722BD97">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F06D11A1657F1009C804F22E986927AD" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D588CF26A71A2440BD37A73ABBA5C44A">59</mods:start>
<mods:end id="AE70A619F078E003396DF9505CA7FC1B">83</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="AAABF2A40F03D331540DBC2A0D923062">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="95F8BE7AEFFF4E3FE4F4517896BE51C4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A480DC3D89C33AA58286E4CE578D7842" type="GBIF-Dataset">4d26544d-be4b-4440-a33e-26dee7d14b5e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="21CBFD57BB7E164AC1F6FE05B020648E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="329E994EE223FC52916B6042335CD95D" type="Zenodo-Dep">271017</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="03158DF34C6ECFF50119000D3F9F4955" type="ZooBank">8274E4B9-A01E-4395-AE22-0579D8E47BC7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="08474F3DFFE0FFC0FF63FF5AFE5AFC4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090534" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127640097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090534" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:08474F3DFFE0FFC0FF63FF5AFE5AFC4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/08474F3DFFE0FFC0FF63FF5AFE5AFC4B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFE0FFCEFF63FF5AFEDCFE91" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF63FF5AFE47FF7E" blockId="7.[151,437,221,280]" box="[151,437,221,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<heading id="DB194947FFE0FFCEFF63FF5AFE47FF7E" bold="true" box="[151,437,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF63FF5AFE47FF7E" bold="true" box="[151,437,221,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFF63FF5AFE99FF7E" box="[151,363,221,247]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marcusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF63FF5AFE99FF7E" bold="true" box="[151,363,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFE0FFCEFE87FF5AFE47FF7E" box="[371,437,221,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF63FF78FEDCFE91" blockId="7.[151,437,221,280]" box="[151,302,255,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
(
<figureCitation id="18D5E2AEFFE0FFCEFF6BFF78FED4FE91" box="[159,294,255,280]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1790,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,409,1770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Species of Biflustra from Maceió: 12 – 14, Biflustra marcusi n. sp., UFPE 0 91, holotype, Pratagy, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; 12, group of zooids; 13, close-up of autozooid with developed cryptocyst; 14, close-up of distal half of autozooid showing the median cryptocystal denticle and the two sharp denticles projecting obliquely to the midline of opesia; 15 – 17, Biflustra sphinx n. sp., UFBA 1599, paratype, Sobral, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, erect bilaminar colony; 15, group of autozooids; 16, close-up of autozooids, showing the tuberculate cryptocyst and gymnocystal tubercles; 17, close-up of vertical wall showing the distal multiporous mural septula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271021/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Figs. 12–14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFE0FFCEFF63FECFFB5CFD9F" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF63FECFFDADFEF5" blockId="7.[151,1198,328,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A0FED905FFE0FFCEFF63FECFFDADFEF5" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFF63FECFFDC4FED7" ID-CoL="8XD4" authority="Marcus, 1937: 40" authorityName="Marcus" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,566,328,350]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF63FECFFE86FED7" box="[151,372,328,350]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acanthodesia savartii</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="014FD83AFFE0FFCEFE76FECEFDC4FED7" author="Marcus" box="[386,566,328,350]" page="40" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFE76FECEFDE2FED7" author="Marcus" box="[386,528,328,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus, 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 40
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 7, figs. 16A–C. [
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFCFCFECFFCBEFED7" box="[776,844,328,350]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: São Paulo] Non 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFF3DFEE1FDFAFEF5" authority="Audouin, 1826" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" box="[201,520,358,381]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF3DFEE1FE95FEF4" box="[201,359,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Flustra savartii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFE99FEE1FDFAFEF5" author="Audouin" box="[365,520,358,380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="79" refString="Audouin, J. V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de Polypes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny. In: Panckoucke, C. L. F. (Org.), Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee francaise. Histoire naturelle. Tome 1 (4). Imprimerie Imperiale, Paris, pp. 225 - 244." type="journal article" year="1826">Audouin, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. [
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFDE3FEE1FDABFEF5" box="[535,601,358,380]" name="Egypt" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Egypt</collectingCountry>
]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF63FE02FCD6FE33" blockId="7.[151,1198,328,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A0FED905FFE0FFCEFF63FE02FCD6FE33" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFF63FE02FDE2FE12" ID-CoL="8XD4" authority="Marcus, 1938" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,528,389,411]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF63FE02FE86FE12" box="[151,372,389,411]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acanthodesia savartii</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFE76FE01FDE2FE12" author="Marcus" box="[386,528,389,411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1938) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 2. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 2, 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1938">Marcus, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 14, fig. 36. [
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFD41FE02FD0BFE12" box="[693,761,389,411]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: São Paulo] 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFF63FE23FDC7FE33" ID-CoL="8XD4" authority="Marcus, 1941: 17" authorityName="Marcus" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,565,420,442]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF63FE23FE86FE33" box="[151,372,420,442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acanthodesia savartii</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="014FD83AFFE0FFCEFE76FE22FDC7FE33" author="Marcus" box="[386,565,420,442]" page="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFE76FE22FDE2FE33" author="Marcus" box="[386,528,420,442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1941) Briozoarios Marinhos do Litoral Paranaense. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 1 (1), 7 - 36." type="journal article" year="1941">Marcus, 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 8. [
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFD7CFE23FD3EFE33" box="[648,716,420,442]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Paraná]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF63FE45FCCBFE51" blockId="7.[151,1198,328,534]" box="[151,825,450,472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A0FED905FFE0FFCEFF63FE45FCCBFE51" box="[151,825,450,472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFF63FE45FDB1FE51" ID-CoL="8XD4" authority="Marcus, 1955: 280" authorityName="Marcus" authorityPageNumber="280" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,579,450,472]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF63FE45FE86FE51" box="[151,372,450,472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acanthodesia savartii</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="014FD83AFFE0FFCEFE76FE44FDB1FE51" author="Marcus" box="[386,579,450,472]" page="280" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" year="1955">
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFE76FE44FDE2FE51" author="Marcus" box="[386,528,450,472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1955) Notas Sobre Briozoos Marinhos Brasileiros. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 42 (1), 273 - 341." type="journal article" year="1955">Marcus, 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 280
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. [
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFDA7FE45FD65FE51" box="[595,663,450,472]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Espírito Santo]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF63FE66FB5CFD9F" blockId="7.[151,1198,328,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A0FED905FFE0FFCEFF63FE66FB5CFD9F" infered="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
? 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFF5CFE66FDA1FE7E" ID-CoL="8XD4" authority="Osburn, 1940: 352" authorityName="Osburn" authorityPageNumber="352" authorityYear="1940" box="[168,595,481,503]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF5CFE66FE77FE7E" box="[168,389,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acanthodesia savartii</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="014FD83AFFE0FFCEFE67FE66FDA1FE7E" author="Osburn" box="[403,595,481,503]" page="352" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFE67FE66FDD3FE7E" author="Osburn" box="[403,545,481,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of West Indian Bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn, 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 352
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 2, figs. 16–17. [
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFCEFFE65FC6BFE7E" box="[795,921,481,503]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
] 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFF63FD87FDC2FD9F" ID-CoL="LT5Q" authority="Vieira et al., 2008: 13" authorityName="Vieira et al." authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,560,512,534]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF63FD87FEB1FD9F" box="[151,323,512,534]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra savartii</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="014FD83AFFE0FFCEFEA4FD87FDC2FD9F" author="Vieira" box="[336,560,512,534]" page="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFEA4FD87FDF8FD9F" author="Vieira" box="[336,522,512,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" refString="Vieira, L. M., Migotto, A. E. &amp; Winston, J. E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1810, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2008">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFE60FD86FE3AFD9F" box="[404,456,512,534]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 13
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. [
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFDB4FD87FD76FD9F" box="[576,644,512,534]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFE0FFCEFF63FDC5FB43FCBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF63FDC5FB43FCBA" blockId="7.[151,1437,578,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF63FDC5FE73FDD2" bold="true" box="[151,385,578,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFE0FFCEFE7DFDC5FE02FDD2" box="[393,496,578,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFE7DFDC5FE02FDD2" box="[393,496,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="E6FF66EEFFE0FFCEFE0BFDC4FDB1FDD3" box="[511,579,579,602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">UFPE</collectionCode>
0 91, Pratagy (Sereia), Maceió, Alagoas State, 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFBA2FDC5FB6FFDD2" box="[1110,1181,578,603]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E5DA98ECFFE0FFCEFB5DFDC5FAD3FDD2" box="[1193,1313,578,603]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-9.565278">9º33'55&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E5DA98ECFFE0FFCEFADBFDC5FF46FDF7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-35.644447">35º38'40&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
; intertidal, on algae, 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFE5FFDE0FDD7FDF7" box="[427,549,615,638]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFE5FFDE0FDD7FDF7" box="[427,549,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., coll. 0 
<date id="F450D8EBFFE0FFCEFD4CFDE0FC7BFDF6" box="[696,905,614,639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" value="2007-09-07">7 September 2007</date>
by A.G.A. Borba Jr. 
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFE0FFCEFB70FDE0FB04FDF7" box="[1156,1270,615,638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFB70FDE0FB04FDF7" box="[1156,1270,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="E6FF66EEFFE0FFCEFAFCFDE0FAA1FDF6" box="[1288,1363,615,639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">UFBA</collectionCode>
1597, 
<collectionCode id="E6FF66EEFFE0FFCEFF63FD0CFF29FD2B" box="[151,219,651,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">UFPE</collectionCode>
0 56, 
<collectionCode id="E6FF66EEFFE0FFCEFED6FD0CFE94FD2B" box="[290,358,651,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">UFPE</collectionCode>
0 57, same data as 
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFE0FFCEFDB9FD0DFD41FD2A" box="[589,691,650,675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<collectionCode id="E6FF66EEFFE0FFCEFD34FD0CFCF6FD2B" box="[704,772,651,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">UFPE</collectionCode>
0 59, Riacho Doce, Maceió, Alagoas, 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFB31FD0DFAFEFD2A" box="[1221,1292,650,675]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E5DA98ECFFE0FFCEFAE8FD0CFA65FD2A" box="[1308,1431,651,675]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-9.578333">9º34'42&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E5DA98ECFFE0FFCEFF63FD29FED4FD4F" box="[151,294,686,711]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-35.65528">35º39'19&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal, on algae, 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFDE6FD28FD7EFD4F" box="[530,652,687,710]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFDE6FD28FD7EFD4F" box="[530,652,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., coll. 
<date id="F450D8EBFFE0FFCEFCFCFD28FC46FD4E" box="[776,948,686,711]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" value="2007-03-31">31 March 2007</date>
by L.M. Vieira; 
<collectionCode id="E6FF66EEFFE0FFCEFB86FD28FB4FFD4E" box="[1138,1213,687,711]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">UFBA</collectionCode>
1599, Sobral sewer outfall, Maceió, Alagoas, 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFE35FD55FDFAFD62" box="[449,520,722,747]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E5DA98ECFFE0FFCEFDE2FD55FD62FD62" box="[534,656,722,747]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-9.679167">9º40'45&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E5DA98ECFFE0FFCEFD6BFD55FCC3FD63" box="[671,817,722,747]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-35.75028">35º45'01&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal, erect colony on hydroids, coll. 
<date id="F450D8EBFFE0FFCEFAE8FD54FF3DFC86" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" value="2009-10-21">21 October 2009</date>
by L.M. Vieira &amp; M.D. Correia. 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFDB7FD71FCC0FC87" box="[579,818,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Additional specimens</emphasis>
: 
<collectionCode id="E6FF66EEFFE0FFCEFCB6FD70FC74FC87" box="[834,902,759,782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">UFPE</collectionCode>
114, Jatiúca, Maceió, Alagoas, 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFB1FFD71FAC0FC86" box="[1259,1330,758,783]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E5DA98ECFFE0FFCEFAC9FD70FF5AFCBA" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-9.652778">9º39'10&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E5DA98ECFFE0FFCEFF40FC9DFEB1FCBB" box="[180,323,794,819]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-35.694447">35º41'40&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal, on algae, 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFDD9FC9CFD55FCBB" box="[557,679,795,818]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFDD9FC9CFD55FCBB" box="[557,679,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., coll. 0 
<date id="F450D8EBFFE0FFCEFCC5FC9CFC0EFCBA" box="[817,1020,794,819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" value="2003-09-09">9 September 2003</date>
by L.M. Vieira.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFE0FFCEFF33FCB9FB7AFC4A" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF33FCB9FB7AFC4A" blockId="7.[151,1437,578,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF33FCB9FEB3FCDE" bold="true" box="[199,321,830,855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFEB9FCB9FE5DFCDE" box="[333,431,830,855]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFEB9FCB9FE5DFCDE" box="[333,431,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with encrusting colonies, unilaminar, multiserial, with cryptocyst surrounding almost entire opesia length, shorter laterally than proximally, with proximo-medial plate with triangular spines projecting into the opesia and two sharp curved denticles placed laterodistally at the cryptocyst. Distal transverse walls with a row of uniporous mural septula; lateral walls with two pairs of multiporous mural septula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFE0FFCEFF33FC49FDF2FAC6" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF33FC49FDF2FAC6" blockId="7.[151,1437,578,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF33FC49FEABFC6E" bold="true" box="[199,345,974,999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Description.</emphasis>
Colony white, encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial. Zooids rectangular to hexagonal, 
<quantity id="471653CEFFE0FFCEFAE4FC49FF31FB83" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.17" metricValueMax="4.63" metricValueMin="3.71" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.417" valueMax="0.463" valueMin="0.371">0.371–0.463 mm</quantity>
(0.424 ± 0.027) long and 
<quantity id="471653CEFFE0FFCEFE02FC75FD4AFB83" box="[502,696,1010,1035]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.905" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="2.3499999999999996" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.2905" valueMax="0.346" valueMin="0.235">0.235–0.346 mm</quantity>
(0.287 ± 0.027) wide, distal end rounded and proximal margins straight to concave. Lateral walls slightly raised and thin, without uncalcified bands; proximal corners often developed into raised and rounded gymnocystal tubercles with triangular bases. Cryptocyst surrounding almost all opesia length, shorter laterally than proximally; proximal cryptocyst slightly convex and granulose, a proximomedial plate with sharped triangular spines projecting into the membranous part of the frontal surface; two sharp and slightly curved denticles placed laterodistally, projecting obliquely toward to the midline of opesia. Opesia occupying about half of zooid length. Operculum with lightly sclerotized outer rim, 
<quantity id="471653CEFFE0FFCEFB2DFB4CFA6FFB6B" box="[1241,1437,1227,1251]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" metricValueMax="9.299999999999999" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.0865" valueMax="0.093" valueMin="0.08">0.080–0.093 mm</quantity>
(0.086 ± 0.004) long and 
<quantity id="471653CEFFE0FFCEFE4FFB68FD88FA8F" box="[443,634,1263,1287]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.108" valueMax="0.117" valueMin="0.099">0.099–0.117 mm</quantity>
(0.105 ± 0.006) wide. Distal transverse walls with a row of uniporous mural septula near to the basal wall; lateral transverse walls with two pairs of multiporous mural septula. Colonies formed by a twinned ancestrula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFE0FFCEFF33FADDFB4EFAFA" box="[199,1212,1370,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF33FADDFB4EFAFA" blockId="7.[151,1437,578,2007]" box="[199,1212,1370,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF33FADDFEBCFAFA" bold="true" box="[199,334,1370,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after Ernst Marcus (
<date id="F450D8EBFFE0FFCEFD7FFADDFCFDFAFA" box="[651,783,1370,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" value="1893" valueMax="1968">1893–1968</date>
), for his contributions to bryozoology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFE0FFC0FF33FAF9FBADFC86" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFCEFF33FAF9FC63F977" blockId="7.[151,1437,578,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF33FAF9FEC9FA1E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1406,1431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Remarks.</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFE0FFCEFE82FAF8FE54FA1E" box="[374,422,1407,1431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFE3AFAF9FD07FA1E" authority="d'Orbigny, 1852" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[462,757,1406,1431]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFE3AFAF9FDC2FA1E" box="[462,560,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra</emphasis>
d’Orbigny, 1852
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFCF5FAF9FB73FA1E" authority="d'Orbigny, 1852" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[769,1153,1406,1431]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFCF5FAF9FC4DFA1F" box="[769,959,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra ramosa</emphasis>
d’Orbigny, 1852
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFB64FAF9FA6AFA1E" author="Grischenko" box="[1168,1432,1406,1431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" refString="Grischenko, A. V., Taylor, P. D. &amp; Mawatari, S. F. (2002) A new cheilostome bryozoan with gigantic zooids from the North-West Pacific. Zoological Science, 19, 1279 - 1289. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 19.1279" type="journal article" year="2002">
Grischenko 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFAEFFAF8FAA6FA1E" box="[1307,1364,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2; 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFF14FA25FE71FA32" author="Tilbrook" box="[224,387,1442,1467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, Studies in Biodiversity Number 3, 4, 1 - 385." type="journal article" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 2A), has erect vincularian colonies and no ancestrula has been described or figured. There are, however, many interpretations for the usage of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFCAEFA41FC4EFA56" box="[858,956,1478,1503]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFCAEFA41FC4EFA56" box="[858,956,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFC0BFA41FB57FA56" author="Tilbrook" box="[1023,1189,1478,1503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, Studies in Biodiversity Number 3, 4, 1 - 385." type="journal article" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFB46FA41FA62FA56" author="Taylor" box="[1202,1424,1478,1503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" refString="Taylor, P. D. &amp; Tan, S. - G. A. (2015) Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 149, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2015">Taylor &amp; Tan 2015</bibRefCitation>
), with morphologically related species sometimes being assigned to distinct genera— 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFB85FA6BFA6EF98A" box="[1137,1436,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFB52FA6DFA6EF98A" box="[1190,1436,1514,1539]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">Biflustra arborescens</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFF6AF988FE4EF9AE" author="Canu" box="[158,444,1550,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="79" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928 b) Les bryozoaires du Maroc et de Mauritanie, 2 me memoire. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 18, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="b">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928b</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFDFEF989FC47F9AE" authority="Liu, 1992" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1992" box="[522,949,1550,1575]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="irregulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFDFEF989FCD0F9AE" box="[522,802,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acanthodesia irregulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFCCCF989FC5FF9AE" author="Liu" box="[824,941,1550,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" refString="Liu, X (1992) On the genus Membranipora (Anasca: Cheilostomata) from South Chinese Seas. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 40 (1), 103 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">Liu, 1992</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—due to the absence of information on ancestrula 
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFE0FFCEFEE6F9B4FEB4F9C2" box="[274,326,1587,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
. To avoid the usage of two generic names for morphologically related species, here we disagree with 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFF24F9D1FE4AF9E6" author="Taylor" box="[208,440,1622,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" refString="Taylor, P. D. &amp; Tan, S. - G. A. (2015) Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 149, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2015">Taylor &amp; Tan (2015)</bibRefCitation>
who assigned some species to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFC72F9D1FAEEF9E6" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1919" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1919" box="[902,1308,1622,1647]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFC72F9D1FBEDF9E6" box="[902,1055,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acanthodesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFBD2F9D0FAEEF9E6" author="Canu" box="[1062,1308,1622,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="79" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1919) Fossil Bryozoa from the West Indies. Publications of the Carnegie Institution, 291, 75 - 102." type="journal article" year="1919">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
rather than 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFF63F9FDFE49F91A" authority="d'Orbigny, 1852" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,443,1658,1683]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFF63F9FDFF0BF91A" box="[151,249,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra</emphasis>
d’Orbigny, 1852
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of a twinned ancestrula and encrusting colonies. We believe that skeletal characters are useful to distinguish some problems in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFC8DF919FBB7F93E" box="[889,1093,1694,1719]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Membraniporidae</taxonomicName>
, but due to the simplicity of external morphology, only a more complete knowledge of ancestrual formation and astogeny and/or results of molecular studies will clarify the use of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFDADF961FD03F976" box="[601,753,1766,1791]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFDADF961FD03F976" box="[601,753,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acanthodesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFCDCF961FC78F976" box="[808,906,1766,1791]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFCDCF961FC78F976" box="[808,906,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFE0FFC1FF33F88CFF14FEEC" blockId="7.[151,1437,578,2007]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
At least two species of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFE17F88DFD5DF8AA" box="[483,687,1802,1827]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Membraniporidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFD4BF88DFBBCF8AA" authority="Audouin, 1826" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" box="[703,1102,1802,1827]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFD4BF88DFC73F8AA" box="[703,897,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra savartii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFC61F88DFBB4F8AA" author="Audouin" box="[917,1094,1802,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="79" refString="Audouin, J. V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de Polypes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny. In: Panckoucke, C. L. F. (Org.), Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee francaise. Histoire naturelle. Tome 1 (4). Imprimerie Imperiale, Paris, pp. 225 - 244." type="journal article" year="1826">Audouin, 1826</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFB79F88DFF2AF8CE" authority="Desor, 1848" authorityName="Desor" authorityYear="1848" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFB79F88DFACCF8AA" box="[1165,1342,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra tenuis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFAA6F88CFF22F8CE" author="Desor" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" refString="Desor, E. (1848) Ascidioidian polyps of Bryozoa (from Nantucket). Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 66 - 67." type="journal article" year="1848">Desor, 1848</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
have been reported as widespread (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFD5CF8A8FCB0F8CE" author="Harmer" box="[680,834,1838,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, 2. Cheilostomata Anasca. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 (b), 183 - 501." type="journal article" year="1926">Harmer 1926</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFCBBF8A8FC1AF8CE" author="Marcus" box="[847,1000,1839,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFC01F8A9FB7FF8CE" author="Osburn" box="[1013,1165,1838,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of West Indian Bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn 1940</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFB6EF8A8FAC3F8CE" author="Maturo" box="[1178,1329,1838,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" refString="Maturo, F. J. S. (1957) A study of the Bryozoa of Beaufort, North Carolina, and vicinity. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 73, 11 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Maturo 1957</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFACAF8A9FF21F8E2" author="Winston" pageId="7" pageNumber="83" refString="Winston, J. E. (1982) Marine bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of the Indian River area, Florida. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 173, 99 - 176." type="journal article" year="1982">Winston 1982</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFF15F8D5FE77F8E2" author="Winston" box="[225,389,1874,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="83" refString="Winston, J. E. (2005) Redescription and revision of Smitt's &quot; Floridan Bryozoa &quot; in the Collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2005">Winston 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFE67F8D5FD23F8E2" author="Winston" box="[403,721,1874,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="83" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Hayward, P. J. (2012) The Marine Bryozoans of the Northeast Coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11 (I - XII), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2012">Winston &amp; Hayward, 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Some of these records, however, may also refer to different species, including 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFE98F8F1FCF4F806" authority="d'Orbigny, 1852" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[364,774,1910,1935]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFE98F8F1FDDEF807" box="[364,556,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra ramosa</emphasis>
(d’Orbigny, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFCB3F8F1FC1DF806" author="Tilbrook" box="[839,1007,1910,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, Studies in Biodiversity Number 3, 4, 1 - 385." type="journal article" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The illustrations of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFB1EF8F1FA69F807" box="[1258,1435,1910,1935]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFB1EF8F1FA69F807" box="[1258,1435,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Flustra savartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFE0FFCEFF20F81CFEE5F83A" box="[212,279,1947,1971]" name="Egypt" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFE0FFCEFED2F81DFD3FF83A" author="Savigny" box="[294,717,1946,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1817) Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de L'Armee francaise. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 2. Imprimerie Royale, Paris, 125 pls." type="book chapter" year="1817">Savigny 1817: pl. 10, figs. 10.1, 10.2</bibRefCitation>
), 
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFE0FFCEFD15F81CFCE3F83A" box="[737,785,1947,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFC7BF81DFBD5F83A" box="[911,1063,1946,1971]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFC7BF81DFBD5F83A" box="[911,1063,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Acanthodesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, do not show the proximomedial denticle in the cryptocyst that is seen in 
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFE0FFCEFDADF838FD42F85E" box="[601,688,1983,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFCA6F838FC37F85F" box="[850,965,1983,2006]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFCA6F838FC37F85F" box="[850,965,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">B. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFE0FFCEFC27F838FBF1F85E" box="[979,1027,1983,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFCEFBDDF839FB79F85E" box="[1065,1163,1982,2007]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFBDDF839FB79F85E" box="[1065,1163,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFE0FFC1FB3CF839FEC9FF39" authority="Okada, 1923" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1923" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="67" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="crenulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFE0FFCEFB3CF839FA6EF85E" box="[1224,1436,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Biflustra crenulata</emphasis>
(Okada, 1923)
</taxonomicName>
. SEM images of putative 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEFFFC1FDAFFF1EFD3DFF39" box="[603,719,153,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FDAFFF1EFD3DFF39" box="[603,719,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">B. savartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Northern Bay of Safaga (
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEFFFC1FBA1FF10FABBFF39" author="Ostrovsky" box="[1109,1353,151,176]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" refString="Ostrovsky, A., Caceres-Chamizo, J. P., Vavra, N. &amp; Berning, B. (2011) Bryozoa of the Red Sea: history and current state of research. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. &amp; Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 3: aspects of the history of research on bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 67 - 97.?" type="journal article" year="2011">
Ostrovsky 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FB24FF1EFAFBFF39" box="[1232,1289,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEFFFC1FAA0FF10FA62FF39" author="Ostrovsky" box="[1364,1424,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="82" refString="Ostrovsky, A., Caceres-Chamizo, J. P. &amp; Vavra, N. (2016) Bryozoa collection from the Safaga Bay (North Red Sea), Departament of Paleontolopgy, University of Vienna, Vienna. Available from: https: // www. univie. ac. at / Palaeontologie / Sammlung / Bryozoa / Safaga _ Bay / Safaga _ Bay. html (accessed 26 February 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
), however, show autozooids without gymnocystal tubercles, and a short proximomedial cryptocystal denticle (present in some zooids). 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEFFFC1FE34FF58FD76FF71" box="[448,644,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marcusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FE34FF58FD76FF71" box="[448,644,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Biflustra marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEFFFC1FD7AFF58FD3DFF71" box="[654,719,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FD7AFF58FD3DFF71" bold="true" box="[654,719,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEFFFC1FC26FF66FBBAFF71" box="[978,1096,225,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FC26FF66FBBAFF71" box="[978,1096,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">B. savartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEFFFC1FBADFF66FB17FF71" box="[1113,1253,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="crenulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FBADFF66FB17FF71" box="[1113,1253,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">B. crenulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEFFFC1FAD4FF66FA67FF71" box="[1312,1429,225,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FAD4FF66FA67FF71" box="[1312,1429,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">B. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, in having encrusting colonies; by the shape and size of the proximomedial denticle of cryptocyst, occupying 40–60% of the opesia width; and by the presence of two distolateral denticles directed medially to the opesia.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D491AEA3FFEFFFC1FF63F979FD6AF827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271021/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[151,1436,409,1769]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEFFFC1FF63F979FD6AF827" blockId="8.[151,1436,1790,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FF63F979FEBCF89D" bold="true" box="[151,334,1790,1813]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 12–17</emphasis>
. Species of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEFFFC1FE3AF978FDD5F89C" box="[462,551,1791,1813]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FE3AF978FDD5F89C" box="[462,551,1791,1813]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Biflustra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Maceió: 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FD36F978FCF5F89D" bold="true" box="[706,775,1791,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">12–14,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEFFFC1FCFBF978FC32F89C" box="[783,960,1791,1813]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marcusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FCFBF978FC32F89C" box="[783,960,1791,1813]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Biflustra marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEFFFC1FC33F978FBF0F89D" box="[967,1026,1791,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FC33F978FBF0F89D" bold="true" box="[967,1026,1791,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, UFPE 0 91, holotype, Pratagy, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FEBEF899FE9BF8BA" bold="true" box="[330,361,1822,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">12,</emphasis>
group of zooids; 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FDD8F899FDBEF8BA" bold="true" box="[556,588,1822,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">13,</emphasis>
close-up of autozooid with developed cryptocyst; 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FB9EF899FB7BF8BA" bold="true" box="[1130,1161,1822,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">14,</emphasis>
close-up of distal half of autozooid showing the median cryptocystal denticle and the two sharp denticles projecting obliquely to the midline of opesia; 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FF63F8DCFF2EF8F9" bold="true" box="[151,220,1883,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">15–17,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEFFFC1FF10F8DCFE75F8F8" box="[228,391,1883,1905]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FF10F8DCFE75F8F8" box="[228,391,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Biflustra sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEFFFC1FE7BF8DCFE39F8F9" box="[399,459,1883,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FE7BF8DCFE39F8F9" bold="true" box="[399,459,1883,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, UFBA 1599, paratype, Sobral, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, erect bilaminar colony; 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FAE8F8DCFAC9F8F9" bold="true" box="[1308,1339,1883,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">15,</emphasis>
group of autozooids; 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FEE6F8FDFEC3F806" bold="true" box="[274,305,1914,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">16,</emphasis>
close-up of autozooids, showing the tuberculate cryptocyst and gymnocystal tubercles; 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEFFFC1FB45F8FDFB23F806" bold="true" box="[1201,1233,1914,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">17,</emphasis>
close-up of vertical wall showing the distal multiporous mural septula.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEEFFC0FF33FF1FFEECFD9F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FF33FF1FFE9EFF39" author="Marcus" box="[199,364,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated similar zooids in specimens reported as 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FC51FF10FB75FF39" box="[933,1159,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FC51FF10FB75FF39" box="[933,1159,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Acanthodesia tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FB61FF1FFF33FF5D" author="Marcus" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937: pl. 8, fig. 17B</bibRefCitation>
)—assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FE83FF3CFCF1FF5D" authority="Busk, 1856" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1856" box="[375,771,187,212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FE83FF3CFD90FF5D" box="[375,610,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Biflustra denticulata</emphasis>
(Busk, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FCC1FF3CFBEBFF5D" box="[821,1049,187,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" refString="Vieira, L. M., Migotto, A. E. &amp; Winston, J. E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1810, 1 - 39." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FC70FF3AFC33FF5D" box="[900,961,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, but identical to 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FB17FF3AFABBFF5D" box="[1251,1353,189,212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FB17FF3AFABBFF5D" box="[1251,1353,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FF63FF58FE2BFF71" author="Winston" box="[151,473,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Hayward, P. J. (2012) The Marine Bryozoans of the Northeast Coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11 (I - XII), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2012">Winston &amp; Hayward 2012</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FDE6FF58FD4EFF71" box="[530,700,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FDE6FF58FD4EFF71" box="[530,700,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Membranipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)—and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FCECFF67FC61FF7E" box="[792,915,224,247]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FCECFF67FC61FF7E" box="[792,915,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">A. savartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FC0EFF67FB6BFF71" author="Marcus" box="[1018,1177,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 7, figs. 16A–C). 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FF63FE84FD73FE92" authority="Marcus (1937)" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,641,259,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF63FE84FE7EFE92" box="[151,396,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Acanthodesia savartii</emphasis>
sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FE2FFE83FD73FE92" author="Marcus" box="[475,641,259,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is here reassigned to 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FC8CFE83FC03FE92" box="[888,1009,260,283]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marcusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FC8CFE83FC03FE92" box="[888,1009,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEEFFC0FC0DFE84FBCBFE95" box="[1017,1081,259,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FC0DFE84FBCBFE95" bold="true" box="[1017,1081,259,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Rounded tubercles at proximal corners of zooids are often present in specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FD2CFEAFFCC9FEB6" box="[728,827,296,319]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FD2CFEAFFCC9FEB6" box="[728,827,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEEFFC0FC8BFEA1FC34FEB6" box="[895,966,294,319]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, while these tubercles are often present in younger colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FE8FFECBFE00FEEA" box="[379,498,332,355]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marcusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FE8FFECBFE00FEEA" box="[379,498,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEEFFC0FE0DFECDFDCAFEEA" box="[505,568,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FE0DFECDFDCAFEEA" bold="true" box="[505,568,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Alagoas. Specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEEFFC0FC55FECDFC17FEEA" box="[929,997,330,355]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FBFEFECBFB9EFEEA" box="[1034,1132,332,355]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FBFEFECBFB9EFEEA" box="[1034,1132,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have cryptocyst with some denticles projecting into the opesia, without a proximomedial plate. In two other species reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEEFFC0FAC4FEE9FA85FE0E" box="[1328,1399,366,391]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FA70FEE8FEEDFE22" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FA70FEE8FEEDFE22" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FEA2FE15FD2DFE23" authority="Marcus, 1937" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1937" box="[342,735,402,427]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FEA2FE15FDDBFE22" box="[342,553,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Biflustra paulensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FDCCFE15FD2AFE23" author="Marcus" box="[568,728,402,426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the proximomedial cryptocystidial plate is absent. Specimens from Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEEFFC0FED8FE32FE70FE47" box="[300,386,437,462]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Mexico</collectingCountry>
reported as 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FDFEFE31FD8CFE47" box="[522,638,438,462]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FDFEFE31FD8CFE47" box="[522,638,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">A. savartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FD5CFE32FCBEFE47" author="Osburn" box="[680,844,437,462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of West Indian Bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn (1940)</bibRefCitation>
resemble 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FC4AFE30FBC4FE47" box="[958,1078,439,462]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marcusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FC4AFE30FBC4FE47" box="[958,1078,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEEFFC0FBC9FE32FB89FE47" box="[1085,1147,437,462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FBC9FE32FB89FE47" bold="true" box="[1085,1147,437,462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, being distinguished only by the absence of distolateral denticles directed toward the midline of the opesia; these specimens may be conspecific.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEEFFC0FF33FDA6FBADFC86" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
Specimens reported as 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FE2AFDA6FC8CFDB0" authority="Hincks, 1882" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1882" box="[478,894,545,570]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FE2AFDA6FD27FDB0" box="[478,725,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Acanthodesia serrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FD17FDA6FC8CFDB0" author="Hincks" box="[739,894,545,570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" refString="Hincks T. (1882) Report of the Polyzoa on the Queen Charlotte Island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5 (10), 459 - 471. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459751" type="journal article" year="1882">Hincks, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FC42FDA5FAABFDB0" author="Marcus" box="[950,1369,545,570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937" yearSuffix="p">Marcus (1937, p. 44, pl. 8, fig. 8)</bibRefCitation>
have developed cryptocyst, thus are distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FD5FFDC3FBF2FDD4" box="[683,1024,580,605]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="membranacea">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FD5FFDC3FBF2FDD4" box="[683,1024,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Membranipora membranacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FBBBFDC1FB52FDD4" box="[1103,1184,582,605]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FBBBFDC1FB52FDD4" box="[1103,1184,582,605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">serrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FAB9FDC3FF13FD08" author="Hincks" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" refString="Hincks T. (1882) Report of the Polyzoa on the Queen Charlotte Island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5 (10), 459 - 471. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459751" type="journal article" year="1882">Hincks (1882)</bibRefCitation>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FEEEFDEFFD3DFD08" authority="Hincks, 1880" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" box="[282,719,616,641]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="villosa">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FEEEFDEFFDECFD08" box="[282,542,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Membranipora villosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FDD9FDEFFD3DFD08" author="Hincks" box="[557,719,616,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" refString="Hincks, T. (1880) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (6), 376 - 384. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938009458955" type="journal article" year="1880">Hincks, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FD1FFDEFFC1DFD08" box="[747,1007,616,641]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="villosa">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FD1FFDEFFC1DFD08" box="[747,1007,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Membranipora villosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is attributed to the 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FB06FDEFFDD7FD2C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FB06FDEFFA6EFD08" box="[1266,1436,616,641]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Membranipora</taxonomicName>
“membranacea-serrimella-villosa”
</emphasis>
morphs, known from NE Pacific (see 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FC21FD0BFB7FFD2C" author="Dick" box="[981,1165,652,677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" refString="Dick, M. H., Grischenko, A. V. &amp; Mawatari, S. F. (2005) Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of Ketchikan, Alaska. Journal of Natural History, 39 (43), 3687 - 3784." type="journal article" year="2005">
Dick 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FBE6FD0AFBB9FD2C" box="[1042,1099,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 3692). 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FAF0FD0BFF1AFD41" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FAF0FD0BFF1AFD41" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Acanthodesia serrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied by Marcus resembles those specimens figured by 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FC81FD28FAB9FD41" author="Hastings" box="[885,1355,687,712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" refString="Hastings, A. B. (1930) Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of the Panama Canal collected by Dr. A. Crossland on the cruise of the S. Y. &quot; St George &quot;. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 99 (4), 697 - 740. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1929. tb 01453. x" type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="p">Hastings (1930, p. 707, pl. 4, figs. 13–15)</bibRefCitation>
, but its identity remains uncertain. Specimens identified as 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FD00FD53FA87FD65" authority="Kirkpatrick &amp; Metzelaar, 1922" authorityName="Kirkpatrick &amp; Metzelaar" authorityYear="1922" box="[756,1397,723,748]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="commensale">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FD00FD53FBF1FD65" box="[756,1027,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Conopeum commensale</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FBFAFD54FA87FD65" author="Kirkpatrick" box="[1038,1397,723,748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. &amp; Metzelaar, J. (1922) On an instance of commensalism between a hermit crab and a polyzoon. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1922, 983 - 990. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1992. tb 07093. x" type="proceedings paper" year="1922">Kirkpatrick &amp; Metzelaar, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FF63FD7FFECEFC99" author="Marcus" box="[151,316,760,784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937)</bibRefCitation>
have spinules on frontal membrane, and they belong to 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FC45FD7FFBABFC99" box="[945,1113,759,784]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FC45FD7FFBABFC99" box="[945,1113,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFEEFFC0FF33FC9CFAAFFCF2" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEEFFC0FF33FC9CFAAFFCF2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FF33FC9CFDC8FCBA" ID-CoL="LT57" authority="Liu, 1992" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1992" box="[199,570,795,820]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="falsitenuis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF33FC9CFE55FCBD" box="[199,423,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Biflustra falsitenuis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FE48FC9CFDC1FCBA" author="Liu" box="[444,563,795,820]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Liu, X (1992) On the genus Membranipora (Anasca: Cheilostomata) from South Chinese Seas. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 40 (1), 103 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">Liu, 1992</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEEFFC0FCF0FC9CFCB8FCBD" box="[772,842,795,820]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">China</collectingCountry>
, also has a proximomedial cryptocystal plate with spines, but it is distinguished by having two large multiporous pore chambers in the transversal wall and in the absence of the two distal lateral denticles (see 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FD6AFCE5FCB5FCF2" author="Liu" box="[670,839,866,891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Liu, X., Xueming, Y. &amp; Jianghu, M. A. (2001) Biology of Marine Fouling Bryozoans in the coastal waters of China. Scince Press, Beijing, 860 pp." type="book" year="2001">
Liu 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FD38FCE3FCF6FCF2" box="[716,772,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9, fig. 2), characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FB6AFCE3FAE5FCF2" box="[1182,1303,868,891]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marcusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FB6AFCE3FAE5FCF2" box="[1182,1303,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEEFFC0FAEAFCE5FAAFFCF2" box="[1310,1373,866,891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FAEAFCE5FAAFFCF2" bold="true" box="[1310,1373,866,891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFEEFFC0FF33FC01FE5AFC4B" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEEFFC0FF33FC01FE5AFC4B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF33FC01FE92FC16" bold="true" box="[199,352,902,927]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FE9EFC01FDDCFC17" box="[362,558,902,927]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marcusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FE9EFC01FDDCFC17" box="[362,558,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Biflustra marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEEFFC0FDCCFC01FD8BFC16" box="[568,633,902,927]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FDCCFC01FD8BFC16" bold="true" box="[568,633,902,927]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is often found encrusting algae. In 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEEFFC0FBE3FC01FBACFC16" box="[1047,1118,902,927]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, this species occurs at least from Alagoas to Paraná.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>