611 lines
78 KiB
XML
611 lines
78 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5C39DB15920C337749D8BB0D4035B4D5">Taxonomy of the sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Bahia State, including ontogenetic variation and an illustrated key to the Brazilian species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="FF6987EEFF8AFFFDFF544783780BFD94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691080" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181198555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4691080" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6987EEFF8AFFFDFF544783780BFD94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF6987EEFF8AFFFDFF544783780BFD94" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="2C378194FF8AFFF3FF5447837E35FF44" bold="true" box="[151,583,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF8AFFF3FF5447837E35FF44" ID-CoL="4KG8Y" ID-ENA="467001" authority="(Perrier, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,583,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF5447837E35FF44" bold="true" box="[151,583,151,178]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF5447837DF9FF47" bold="true" box="[151,395,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Plinthaster dentatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FE5947837E4DFF44" author="Perrier, E." box="[410,575,151,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref61004" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragace faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Archives Museum National d'histoire Naturelle Paris, 6 (2), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">Perrier, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF8AFFF3FF5447AF7D71FF20" box="[151,259,187,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF5447AF7D71FF20" blockId="39.[151,583,151,213]" box="[151,259,187,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FF5447AF7D71FF20" box="[151,259,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 21</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF8AFFF3FF5446147F59FE81" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF54461478D4FEED" blockId="39.[151,1436,256,372]" box="[151,1190,256,280]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF8AFFF3FF5446147E0BFEED" author="Perrier, E." box="[151,633,256,280]" page="243" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1884">
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF8AFFF3FF5446147E0BFEED" ID-CoL="76LSX" authority="Perrier, 1884: 242 - 243" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="242 - 243" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,633,256,280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pentagonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF5446147DF5FEED" box="[151,391,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pentagonaster dentatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FE4E46147E0BFEED" author="Perrier, E." box="[397,633,256,280]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref61004" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragace faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Archives Museum National d'histoire Naturelle Paris, 6 (2), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">Perrier, 1884: 242–243</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 8, fig. 3 (instead of pl. 3, fig. 8 as stated in p. 242).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF54460A7F59FE81" blockId="39.[151,1436,256,372]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF8AFFF3FF54460A7D16FEC3" ID-CoL="4KG8Y" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,356,286,310]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF54460A7D16FEC3" box="[151,356,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Plinthaster dentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF8AFFF3FEBD460A7EE8FEC3" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[382,666,286,311]" page="260" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FEBD460A7EE8FEC3" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[382,666,286,311]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992: 260</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 61, figs. D–E;
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF8AFFF3FC99460A7831FEC3" author="Sumida, P. Y. G. & Tylerp, A. & Billettd, S. M." box="[858,1091,286,310]" page="26" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FC99460A7831FEC3" author="Sumida, P. Y. G. & Tylerp, A. & Billettd, S. M." box="[858,1091,286,310]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="11 - 40" refId="ref62936" refString="Sumida, P. Y. G., Tylerp, A. & Billettd, S. M. (2001) Early juvenile development of deep-sea asteroids of the NE Atlantic Ocean, with notes on juvenile bathymetric distributions. Acta Zoologica, 82, 11 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6395.2001.00058. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
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Sumida
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FC6D460B7FA8FEC3" box="[942,986,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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. 2001: 26
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 9;
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF8AFFF3FB4C460A79EAFEC3" author="Entrambasaguas, L." box="[1167,1432,286,310]" page="55" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FB4C460A79EAFEC3" author="Entrambasaguas, L." box="[1167,1432,286,310]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref54384" refString="Entrambasaguas, L. (2008) Estudio fauniistico y ecoloigico de los equinodermos del archipieilago de Cabo Verde. Tesis doctoral no publicada, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 315 pp." type="book" year="2008">Entrambasaguas 2008: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF8AFFF3FF0446297E59FEA0" author="Benavides-Serrato, M. & Borrero-Perez, G. & Diaz-Sanchez, C." box="[199,555,317,341]" page="168" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FF0446297E59FEA0" author="Benavides-Serrato, M. & Borrero-Perez, G. & Diaz-Sanchez, C." box="[199,555,317,341]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref50205" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M., Borrero-Perez, G. & Diaz-Sanchez, C. (2011) Equinodermos del caribe colombiano: Crinodea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Vol. 1. Marquillas, Santa Marta, 384 pp." type="book" year="2011">
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||
Benavides-Serrato
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||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FE4A462A7DC4FEA0" box="[393,438,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2011: 168
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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; Soaréz 2016: 78;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FD2B46297FC0FEA0" author="Sandino, O. B. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Caballero-Ochoa, A. A. & Conejeros-Vargas, C. A. & Marquez-Borras, F. & Ayala-Aguilera, A. P. & Laguarda-Figueras, A." box="[744,946,317,341]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="288 - 298" refId="ref62033" refString="Sandino, O. B., Solis-Marin, F. A., Caballero-Ochoa, A. A., Conejeros-Vargas, C. A., Marquez-Borras, F., Ayala-Aguilera, A. P. & Laguarda-Figueras, A. (2017) Equinodermos de Nicaragua: nuevos registros del Pacifico y Caribe Sur. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 65, 288 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 65 i 1 - 1.31696" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Sandino
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FC81462A7F1DFEA0" box="[834,879,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: S294;
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FC3E462978B0FEA0" author="Serrano, A. & Cartes, J. E. & Papiol, V. & Punzon, A. & Garcia-Alegre, A. & Arronte, J. C. & Rios, P. & Lourido, A. & Frutos, I. & Blanco, M." box="[1021,1218,317,341]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="154 - 165" refId="ref62338" refString="Serrano, A., Cartes, J. E., Papiol, V., Punzon, A., Garcia-Alegre, A., Arronte, J. C., Rios, P., Lourido, A., Frutos, I. & Blanco, M. (2017) Epibenthic communities of sedimentary habitats in a NE Atlantic deep seamount (Galicia Bank). Journal of Sea Research, 130, 154 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. seares. 2017.03.004" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Serrano
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FB91462A780DFEA0" box="[1106,1151,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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; Borrero-Peìrez
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||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FAAA462A79E4FEA0" box="[1385,1430,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019: 5;
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF8AFFF3FEE246487E63FE81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583279" author="Madeira, P. & Kroh, A. & Cordeiro, R. & Frias, D. E. & Martins, A. M. & Avila, S. P." box="[289,529,348,372]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4148D2120409FF8AFF33FD79738415D7" page="90" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2019">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FEE246487E63FE81" author="Madeira, P. & Kroh, A. & Cordeiro, R. & Frias, D. E. & Martins, A. M. & Avila, S. P." box="[289,529,348,372]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref57831" refString="Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Frias, D. E., Martins, A. M. & Avila, S. P. (2019) The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa, 4639 (1), 1 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4639.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Madeira
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FEBF46487DDBFE81" box="[380,425,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019: 90
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF8AFFF3FDDF46487EB7FE81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803720" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803720" author="Mah, C. L." box="[540,709,348,372]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8786FFA2D560FF40246DFCC75AA6" page="232" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2020">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FDDF46487EB7FE81" author="Mah, C. L." box="[540,709,348,372]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref58219" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020 b) New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020b: 232</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 14D.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF8AFFF3FF5446B578EBFDDC" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF5446B57EFFFE14" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF5446B57D0DFE4E" bold="true" box="[151,383,417,443]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="61C6FD71FF8AFFF3FE5546B67D90FE49" box="[406,482,418,444]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FE3046B67E3AFE49" box="[499,584,418,444]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF8AFFF3FD9046B67E1BFE49" box="[595,617,418,444]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">R</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF8AFFF3FD4046B67DF7FE15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394362" collectingDate="2000-06-19" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" elevation="801" latitude="-13.7" location="Morro" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FD4046B67E9EFE49" box="[643,748,418,444]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF8AFFF3FD3846B67F4DFE49" box="[763,831,418,444]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="721F6023FF8AFFF3FC9346B67FEAFE49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6987EEFF8AFFFDFF544783780BFD94:721F6023FF8AFFF3FC9346B67FEAFE49" box="[848,920,418,444]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.7" name="Morro" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Bahia">Morro</location>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF8AFFF3FC0946B67832FE49" box="[970,1088,418,444]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12F4503FFF8AFFF3FB9646B678C6FE49" box="[1109,1204,418,444]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-13.7">13°42’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12F4503FFF8AFFF3FB0546B67942FE48" box="[1222,1328,418,445]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">38°64’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FA8A46B679E5FE49" box="[1353,1431,418,444]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.01" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="801.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FCEDD1CBFF8AFFF3FA8A46B679E5FE49" box="[1353,1431,418,444]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.01" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="801.0">801 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF8AFFF3FF5446D27D60FE15" box="[151,274,454,480]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2000-06-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="133AE9D0FF8AFFF3FF5446D27D60FE15" box="[151,274,454,480]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2000-06-19">19.vi.2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="61C6FD71FF8AFFF3FEDE46D27D14FE15" box="[285,358,454,480]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF8AFFF3FEB146D27DF7FE15" box="[370,389,454,480]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF8AFFF3FE4846D27EFBFE14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394421" box="[395,649,454,481]" collectionCode="EQMN" country="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="EQMN 2346" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FE4846D27DA8FE15" box="[395,474,454,480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF8AFFF3FE2B46D27EF3FE14" box="[488,641,454,481]" collectionCode="EQMN" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">EQMN 2346</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF0446FD78EBFDDC" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF0446FD7DA5FDF6" bold="true" box="[199,471,489,515]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Comparative material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF8AFFF3FE1E46FE7837FDF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394436" box="[477,1093,490,516]" collectingDate="1879-02-28" collectionCode="R" country="Grenada" elevation="762" location="Off" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FE1E46FE7E18FDF1" box="[477,618,490,516]" name="Grenada" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">GRENADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="721F6023FF8AFFF3FDB046FE7EEBFDF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6987EEFF8AFFFDFF544783780BFD94:721F6023FF8AFFF3FDB046FE7EEBFDF1" box="[627,665,490,516]" country="Grenada" name="Off" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Off</location>
|
||
Grenada,
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FCCF46FE7F27FDF1" box="[780,853,490,516]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="762.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FCEDD1CBFF8AFFF3FCCF46FE7F27FDF1" box="[780,853,490,516]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="762.0">762 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF8AFFF3FCA346FE7FA1FDF1" box="[864,979,490,516]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1879-02-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="133AE9D0FF8AFFF3FCA346FE7FA1FDF1" box="[864,979,490,516]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1879-02-28">28.ii.1879</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="61C6FD71FF8AFFF3FC1C46FE7855FDF1" box="[991,1063,490,516]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF8AFFF3FBF146FE7837FDF1" box="[1074,1093,490,516]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF8AFFF3FB8846FE7CA6FDDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394329" collectionCode="MCZ" country="Grenada" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="AST 408" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FB8846FE78EBFDF1" box="[1099,1177,490,516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF8AFFF3FB6446FE7894FDF1" box="[1191,1254,490,516]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF8AFFF3FB2946FE7920FDF1" box="[1258,1362,490,516]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">AST 408</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="A87B885AFF8AFFF3FA9F46FE7CBEFDDD" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF8AFFF3FF23451A7F28FDDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394307" box="[224,858,526,552]" collectingDate="1887-12-30" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" elevation="1227" location="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FF23451A7D3BFDDD" box="[224,329,526,552]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF8AFFF3FE90451A7D8AFDDD" box="[339,504,526,552]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FDC1451A7E2BFDDD" box="[514,601,526,552]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2269999999999999" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1227.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FCEDD1CBFF8AFFF3FDC1451A7E2BFDDD" box="[514,601,526,552]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2269999999999999" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1227.0">1227 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="037E1038FF8AFFF3FDA6451A7E95FDDD" box="[613,743,526,552]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1887-12-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="133AE9D0FF8AFFF3FDA6451A7E95FDDD" box="[613,743,526,552]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1887-12-30">30.xii.1887</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="61C6FD71FF8AFFF3FD30451A7F4EFDDD" box="[755,828,526,552]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF8AFFF3FC84451A7F28FDDD" box="[839,858,526,552]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A83CA5FF8AFFF3FCA2451A78E7FDDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080394359" box="[865,1173,526,553]" collectionCode="YPM, EC" country="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="IZ 9526" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FCA2451A7FC2FDDD" box="[865,944,526,553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF8AFFF3FC7D451A7F8FFDDD" box="[958,1021,526,552]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="27669E83FF8AFFF3FBC7451A7810FDDC" box="[1028,1122,526,553]" collectionCode="IZ" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">IZ 9526</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="11D1AE3DFF8AFFF3FBA5451A78FFFDDC" box="[1126,1165,526,553]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">EC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF8AFFF3FF0445257903FBD5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF0445257E37FC2D" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF0445257D98FDBE" bold="true" box="[199,490,561,588]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Description (R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FE4645267DAFFDBE" box="[389,477,561,588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body stellate, flat, arms short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FCA345267F9CFDB9" box="[864,1006,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
); R/r 2.0; 7 SM plates; R/SM# 2.86. Abactinal plates polygonal, flat, bare in center and surrounded by one row of granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FBA0454278BBFD85" box="[1123,1225,598,624]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some plates with pedicellariae and crystal bodies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FDCA456E7E01FD61" box="[521,627,634,660]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plates irregularly arranged in the center of disc, regularly arranged towards the arms and absent at arm tip. Madreporite large (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FCD3458A7FEBFD4D" box="[784,921,670,696]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Terminal plate large, naked, tapering distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FF6345D67D74FD29" box="[160,262,706,732]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papulae large, single. Marginal plates block-like, with scattered granules (note that plates in specimen analyzed are abraded), forming an ambitus and surrounded by one row of granules; 14 per interradius. Superomarginal plates naked; three distalmost pairs in contact medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FC53441E7F8BFCD1" box="[912,1017,778,804]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Actinal areas large. Inferomarginal plates similar to superomarginal plates, but with some granules along edge. Actinal plates flat, large, covered with regularly spaced, coarse granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FDE344467EF7FC99" box="[544,645,850,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Five blunt adambulacral spines. Two rows of subambulacral spines, smaller than adambulacral spines: first row with 3–4 spines, second row with 3–5 spines per plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FB2D44627925FC65" box="[1262,1367,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral plates with nine subprismatic spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFFB2A7DFF8AFFF3FDFE448E7ED4FC41" box="[573,678,922,948]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[230,1358,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Specimen (R 20 mm) of Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346): (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21H</figureCitation>
|
||
); spines increasing in size toward mouth. Bivalved pedicellariae on actinal plates, near ambulacral furrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF0444F57903FBD5" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF0444F57D3DFC0E" bold="true" box="[199,335,993,1019]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
No record of coloration of
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FDBE44F77EBAFC09" box="[637,712,995,1020]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
specimens from this region.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FBC444F678B2FC08" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[1031,1216,994,1021]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="193 - 286" refId="ref56288" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Halpern (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that live specimens have an orange abactinal region and creamy actinal. Specimen in ethanol is beige with brown spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF8AFFF3FF04433D7E82F9ED" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF04433D780BFAB5" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF04433D7D13FBB6" bold="true" box="[199,353,1065,1091]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Pacific Ocean: New South Wales,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FD26433E7F3EFBB1" box="[741,844,1066,1092]" name="Australia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Kermadec Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FB9B433E7880FBB1" box="[1112,1266,1066,1092]" name="New Zealand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Eastern Atlantic:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FF01435A7D66FB9D" box="[194,276,1102,1128]" name="Ireland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bay of Biscay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FE09435A7E7FFB9D" box="[458,525,1102,1128]" name="Spain" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Azores,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF8AFFF3FDB7435A7F6FFB9D" box="[628,797,1102,1128]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FCEA435A7FE3FB9D" box="[809,913,1102,1128]" name="Morocco" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FC5F435A7852FB9D" box="[924,1056,1102,1128]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FBE8435A780DFB9D" box="[1067,1151,1102,1128]" name="Liberia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FB20435A794AFB9D" box="[1251,1336,1102,1128]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Western Atlantic:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FEC043667D22FB79" box="[259,336,1138,1164]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NC, SC, FL, LA, TX),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FDB243667F7DFB79" box="[625,783,1138,1164]" name="Bahamas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">The Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FCDE43667F07FB79" box="[797,885,1138,1164]" name="Mexico" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FC4043667FB3FB79" box="[899,961,1138,1164]" name="Cuba" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FC0C436678CFFB79" box="[975,1213,1138,1164]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FB0943667955FB79" box="[1226,1319,1138,1164]" name="Jamaica" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FAF0436679EAFB79" box="[1331,1432,1138,1164]" name="Anguilla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Anguilla</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FF5443827DF3FB45" box="[151,385,1174,1200]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FE4843827D89FB45" box="[395,507,1174,1200]" name="Honduras" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FDC643827E09FB45" box="[517,635,1174,1200]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FD4643827E93FB45" box="[645,737,1174,1200]" name="Panama" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FD2843827F2EFB45" box="[747,860,1174,1200]" name="Colombia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FCA543827FAEFB45" box="[870,988,1174,1200]" name="Venezuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FC254382783AFB45" box="[998,1096,1174,1200]" name="Uruguay" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FB96438278A5FB45" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1109,1239,1174,1200]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref52934" refString="Clark, H. L. (1941) Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis Expedition to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The echinoderms (other than holothurians). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural Felipe Poey, 15 (1), 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FB22438279E5FB45" author="Gray, I. E. & Downey, M. E. & Cerame-Vivas, M. J." box="[1249,1431,1174,1200]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="127 - 163" refId="ref55932" refString="Gray, I. E., Downey, M. E. & Cerame-Vivas, M. J. (1968) Sea-Stars of North Carolina. Fisheries Bulletin, 67 (1), 127 - 163, 40 figs." type="journal article" year="1968">
|
||
Gray
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FADC43837922FB45" box="[1311,1360,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1968
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FF5443AE7D37FB21" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[151,325,1210,1236]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="193 - 286" refId="ref56288" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Halpern 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FE9743AE7D93FB21" author="Sibuet, M." box="[340,481,1210,1236]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1085 - 1090" refId="ref62435" refString="Sibuet, M. (1977) Ophidiaster reyssi nouvelle espece d'Asteride bathyale de l'ocean Atlantique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 343 (494), 1085 - 1090." type="journal article" year="1977">Sibuet 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FE3343AE7E8EFB21" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[496,764,1210,1236]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FCC843AE785EFB21" author="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G." box="[779,1068,1210,1236]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref52705" refString="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, Wellington, 270 pp." type="book" year="2001">Clark & McKnight 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FBF943AE79E5FB21" author="Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A." box="[1082,1431,1210,1236]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref49233" refString="Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A. (2013) Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America. Vol. 1. Springer, Berlin, 658 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 20051 - 9" type="book" year="2013">Alvarado & Solís-Marín 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Soaréz 2016;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FEF343CA7E78FB0D" author="Sandino, O. B. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Caballero-Ochoa, A. A. & Conejeros-Vargas, C. A. & Marquez-Borras, F. & Ayala-Aguilera, A. P. & Laguarda-Figueras, A." box="[304,522,1246,1272]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="288 - 298" refId="ref62033" refString="Sandino, O. B., Solis-Marin, F. A., Caballero-Ochoa, A. A., Conejeros-Vargas, C. A., Marquez-Borras, F., Ayala-Aguilera, A. P. & Laguarda-Figueras, A. (2017) Equinodermos de Nicaragua: nuevos registros del Pacifico y Caribe Sur. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 65, 288 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 65 i 1 - 1.31696" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Sandino
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FE5143CB7DB0FB0D" box="[402,450,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FDD643CA7E99FB0D" author="Serrano, A. & Cartes, J. E. & Papiol, V. & Punzon, A. & Garcia-Alegre, A. & Arronte, J. C. & Rios, P. & Lourido, A. & Frutos, I. & Blanco, M." box="[533,747,1246,1272]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="154 - 165" refId="ref62338" refString="Serrano, A., Cartes, J. E., Papiol, V., Punzon, A., Garcia-Alegre, A., Arronte, J. C., Rios, P., Lourido, A., Frutos, I. & Blanco, M. (2017) Epibenthic communities of sedimentary habitats in a NE Atlantic deep seamount (Galicia Bank). Journal of Sea Research, 130, 154 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. seares. 2017.03.004" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Serrano
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FDB143CB7ED1FB0D" box="[626,675,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Borrero-Peìrez
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FC6143CB7FA1FB0D" box="[930,979,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FBE543CA7973FB0D" author="Madeira, P. & Kroh, A. & Cordeiro, R. & Frias, D. E. & Martins, A. M. & Avila, S. P." box="[1062,1281,1246,1272]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref57831" refString="Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Frias, D. E., Martins, A. M. & Avila, S. P. (2019) The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa, 4639 (1), 1 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4639.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Madeira
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FB4A43CB78CBFB0D" box="[1161,1209,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FACF43CA79E2FB0C" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1292,1424,1246,1273]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref58219" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020 b) New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FF5442167D73FAE9" box="[151,257,1282,1308]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF8AFFF3FECF42167DF2FAE9" box="[268,384,1282,1308]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF8AFFF3FE4E42167DA3FAE9" box="[397,465,1282,1308]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF8AFFF3FE1D42167E0DFAE9" box="[478,639,1282,1308]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FD4D42167F4EFAE9" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[654,828,1282,1308]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="193 - 286" refId="ref56288" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Halpern 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FC8B42167856FAE9" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C." box="[840,1060,1282,1308]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="258" refId="ref63988" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Verissimo, I., Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C. (2007) Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, H. P. & Viana, M. S. (Eds.), Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 25. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 258." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Ventura
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FC6442177FA8FAE9" box="[935,986,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FBF242167963FAE9" author="Gondim, A. & Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T." box="[1073,1297,1282,1308]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref55654" refString="Gondim, A., Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T. (2014) Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). ZooKeys, 449, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 449.6813" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FB56421778BAFAE9" box="[1173,1224,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF8AFFF3FA9242167C9AFAB5" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
(YPM IZ 9526.EC, not analyzed).
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FDB742327EB6FAB5" bold="true" box="[628,708,1318,1344]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Depth.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FD0842327F2AFAB5" box="[715,856,1318,1344]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5695" metricValueMax="2.91" metricValueMin="0.229" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1569.5" valueMax="2910.0" valueMin="229.0">229–2910 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FCA54232781EFAB5" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[870,1132,1318,1344]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF04425D7C9CFA58" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF04425D7DFEFA91" bold="true" box="[199,396,1353,1380]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF8AFFF3FE55425E7E09FA91" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[406,635,1354,1380]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FE55425E7E09FA91" box="[406,635,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Plinthaster dentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a deep-water species and its biology is not well studied. This species feeds on foraminifera, crinoid arms, corals, encrusting organisms and geodiid sponges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FB73427A792EFA7D" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[1200,1372,1390,1416]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref56252" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 a) A monographic revision of the goniasterid sea stars of the North Atlantic. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Miami, Florida, 253 pp." type="book" year="1970">Halpern 1970a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FAAA427A7C90FA58" author="Mah, C. L." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref58219" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020 b) New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF0442A27E82F9ED" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF0442A27D36FA25" bold="true" box="[199,324,1462,1488]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<typeStatus id="A87B885AFF8AFFF3FF0442A27D4DFA25" box="[199,319,1462,1488]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MCZ 408, by subsequent designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FCE042A27F90FA24" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[803,994,1462,1489]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="193 - 286" refId="ref56288" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Halpern (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FC3342A278E2FA25" author="Perrier, E." box="[1008,1168,1462,1488]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref61004" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragace faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Archives Museum National d'histoire Naturelle Paris, 6 (2), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">Perrier (1884)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned three specimens in his paper, two from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FE3642CE7E42FA01" box="[501,560,1498,1524]" name="Cuba" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(one of them R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FD2342CE7F5DFA01" box="[736,815,1498,1524]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and one from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FC3842CE7828FA01" box="[1019,1114,1498,1524]" name="Grenada" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MCZ 408; about R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FAFC42CE79E2FA01" box="[1343,1424,1498,1524]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
|
||
), but we could not locate the specimens from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FD6E42EA7E9EF9ED" box="[685,748,1534,1560]" name="Cuba" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF8AFFF3FF0441367E72F9C9" box="[199,512,1569,1596]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF0441367E72F9C9" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" box="[199,512,1569,1596]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF0441367D14F9CE" bold="true" box="[199,358,1569,1596]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
Off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FE5941367D8FF9C9" box="[410,509,1570,1596]" name="Grenada" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF8AFFFDFF044152780BFD94" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF0441527E1FF8E1" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF0441527D49F995" bold="true" box="[199,315,1606,1632]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF8AFFF3FE8741527E5AF995" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[324,552,1606,1632]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FE8741527E5AF995" box="[324,552,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Plinthaster dentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widely distributed species and the intraspecific variation described is remarkable. Unfortunately, most descriptions do not detail which variation was due to ontogeny.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FB7B417E79EEF971" author="Sumida, P. Y. G. & Tylerp, A. & Billettd, S. M." box="[1208,1436,1642,1668]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="11 - 40" refId="ref62936" refString="Sumida, P. Y. G., Tylerp, A. & Billettd, S. M. (2001) Early juvenile development of deep-sea asteroids of the NE Atlantic Ocean, with notes on juvenile bathymetric distributions. Acta Zoologica, 82, 11 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6395.2001.00058. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Sumida
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FAD7417F7936F971" box="[1300,1348,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided morphological data on specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF8AFFF3FD7A419A7F7AF95D" box="[697,776,1678,1704]" name="Ireland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
ranging from R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FC7C419A782BF95D" box="[959,1113,1678,1704]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="4.35" valueMax="7.6" valueMin="1.1">1.1 to 7.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
and concluded that juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF8AFFF3FF7741A77D5FF939" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[180,301,1714,1740]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF8AFFF3FF7741A77D5FF939" box="[180,301,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. dentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have isometric growth. Next, we compare the specimens described by them with our specimen and the specimens described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FE6B41C27E4DF905" author="Perrier, E." box="[424,575,1750,1776]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref61004" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragace faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Archives Museum National d'histoire Naturelle Paris, 6 (2), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">Perrier (1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FDA741C27EC1F905" box="[612,691,1750,1776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FD2B41C27F49F905" box="[744,827,1750,1776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FC8D41C27870F905" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[846,1026,1750,1776]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="193 - 286" refId="ref56288" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Halpern (1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FBE541C2780BF905" box="[1062,1145,1750,1777]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FB4F41C279E5F905" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[1164,1431,1750,1776]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey (1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FF7241EE7D73F8E1" box="[177,257,1786,1813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FEFC41EE7DCDF8E1" author="Mah, C. L." box="[319,447,1786,1812]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref58134" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah (2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FE2041EE7E12F8E1" box="[483,608,1786,1813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="55.0">55–70 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF8AFFF3FF04400A7E32F83D" blockId="39.[151,1437,417,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The number of marginal plates per interradius increases from
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FC4B400A7FA3F8CD" box="[904,977,1822,1848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="0.508" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 in</quantity>
|
||
R <
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FBCF400A7817F8CD" box="[1036,1125,1822,1848]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FB52400A78B9F8CD" box="[1169,1227,1822,1848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FB2D400A794DF8CD" box="[1262,1343,1822,1848]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FA8D400A7CA1F8A9" author="Perrier, E." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref61004" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragace faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Archives Museum National d'histoire Naturelle Paris, 6 (2), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">Perrier 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), to
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FEC740567D4FF8A9" box="[260,317,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
|
||
R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FE9D40567DDDF8A9" box="[350,431,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FE1440567E63F8A9" box="[471,529,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
|
||
R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FDF240567EF3F8A9" box="[561,641,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="A87B885AFF8AFFF3FD4C40567E8EF8A8" box="[655,764,1858,1885]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), to up to
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FCAF40567FD7F8A9" box="[876,933,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
|
||
R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FC0540567830F8A9" box="[966,1090,1858,1885]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="55.0">55–70 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FB8E40567975F8A8" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[1101,1287,1858,1885]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="193 - 286" refId="ref56288" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Halpern (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF8AFFF3FAFE40567C90F875" author="Downey, M. E." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref54261" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that the inferomarginal plates may be smaller and more numerous than the superomarginal plates. The number of superomarginal plates in contact varies from none in R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FC7B409E786CF851" box="[952,1054,1930,1956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.28">2.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to one pair in R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FB21409E7949F851" box="[1250,1339,1930,1956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to three pairs in R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF8AFFF3FEC840BA7D2EF83D" box="[267,348,1966,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, reaching five pairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="23BF6670FF85FFFCFF5440297CABF810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4691129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4691129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4691129/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[151,250,1853,1877]" targetBox="[230,1358,181,1830]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF85FFFCFF5440297CABF810" blockId="40.[151,1437,1853,2022]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF85FFFCFF5440297D53F8A0" bold="true" box="[151,289,1853,1877]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen (R 20 mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF85FFFCFDE440297843F8A0" authority="(Perrier, 1881) (EQMN 2346)" authorityName="EQMN" authorityYear="2346" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[551,1073,1853,1878]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF85FFFCFDE440297E87F8A0" box="[551,757,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Plinthaster dentatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF85FFFCFCC040297FF8F8A3" author="Perrier, E." box="[771,906,1853,1878]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref60978" refString="Perrier, E. (1881) Description sommaire des especes nouvelles d'Asteries. Museum of Comparative Zoology Bulletin, 9, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1881">Perrier, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (EQMN 2346)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) abactinal (arrow indicates madreporite) and (B) actinal view of body; (C) abactinal plates (arrows indicate pedicellariae site); (D) crystal bodies in abactinal plates; (E) tip of arm (arrow indicates terminal plate; superomarginal plates are abraded); (F) actinal interradial region (arrow indicates pedicellariae site); (G) ambulacral furrow; (H) oral region. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C–D, F–G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H, 4 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF84FFFDFF0447837DBCFE90" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The number of spines also increase with growth as following: the number of adambulacral spines increases from 3–4 spines in specimens up to R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFD8C47AF7EDBFF20" box="[591,681,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to five spines in R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFC4C47AF7879FF20" box="[911,1035,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="14.0">14–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to 6–8 spines in R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFB3347AE791FFF20" box="[1264,1389,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="39.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="34.0">34–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
; the number of subambulacral spines increases from one spine in R <
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFCAF47CB7FB6FF0C" box="[876,964,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to 3–4 spines in the first row in R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFA8447CB79E5FF0C" box="[1351,1431,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to 4–6 spines in the first row in R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFDD646167EE0FEE8" box="[533,658,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="39.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="34.0">34–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
; and the number of oral spines increases from 6–8 per plate in R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFAA846177CB7FEB4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="1.19">1.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to ten in R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFE8D46337DC0FEB4" box="[334,434,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="2.27">2.27 mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFE1646337E4AFEB4" box="[469,568,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 in</quantity>
|
||
R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFD9A46327EA7FEB4" box="[601,725,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="20.0">20–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The number of subambulacral rows varies from one in R <
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFABA46337CB1FE90" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFF24465F7D5CFE90" box="[231,302,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
|
||
R
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFE8D465E7DB8FE90" box="[334,458,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="20.0">20–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF84FFFDFF04467B7D99FDEC" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Finally, the shape of the body (from pentagonal to stellate; which greatly affects the R/r ratio), the presence and distribution of granules in the marginal plates, the shape of the marginal plates (flat to tumid, thin to thick, round to rectangular), and the number (from none to several), placement (abactinal, actinal or both surfaces) and morphology (number of valves) of pedicellariae show great interspecific variability (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF84FFFDFC2D46CF780DFE00" author="Perrier, E." box="[1006,1151,475,501]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref61004" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragace faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Archives Museum National d'histoire Naturelle Paris, 6 (2), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">Perrier 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF84FFFDFB4846CF7944FE00" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[1163,1334,475,501]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="193 - 286" refId="ref56288" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Halpern 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF84FFFDFA8246CF7D4AFDEC" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present paper).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF84FFFDFF044537780BFD94" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF84FFFDFF0445377DDEFDC8" authorityName="EQMN" authorityYear="2346" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[199,428,547,573]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF84FFFDFF0445377DDEFDC8" box="[199,428,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Plinthaster dentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the other species by having 12–20 marginal plates per interradius (vs. 6–8 marginal plates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF84FFFDFEA545537D97FD94" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[358,485,583,609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lenaigae">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF84FFFDFEA545537D05FD95" box="[358,375,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF84FFFDFE4645537D97FD94" box="[389,485,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">lenaigae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF84FFFDFDDF45537ED1FD94" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[540,675,583,609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="untiedtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF84FFFDFDDF45537E5FFD95" box="[540,557,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF84FFFDFDF845537ED1FD94" box="[571,675,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">untiedtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF84FFFDFD2245537F44FD94" box="[737,822,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF84FFFDFCFE45537FAEFD94" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[829,988,583,609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ceramoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF84FFFDFCFE45537FAEFD94" box="[829,988,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. ceramoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF84FFFDFC374553781FFD94" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1012,1133,583,609]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref58134" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |