422 lines
46 KiB
XML
422 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6973A5FC0A39F940DBB12955F479EB7D">Taxonomy of Centropomus Lacépède, 1802 (Perciformes: Centropomidae), with focus on the Atlantic species of the genus</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03DB87830E4CFF85FF6B6081ED737110" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4619208" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180588775" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4619208" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87830E4CFF85FF6B6081ED737110" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB87830E4CFF85FF6B6081ED737110" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FF6B6081E8AF76F6" bold="true" box="[151,446,665,691]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Centropomus pectinatus</emphasis>
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(
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)
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<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FF6B611AE89C775C" box="[151,397,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Centropomus pectinatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B640E4CFF84FE68611AEB26775C" author="Poey, F." box="[404,567,769,794]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" refId="ref28485" refString="Poey, F. (1860) Poissons de Cuba, especes nouvelles. In: Poey, F. (Ed.), Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba. Vol. 2. Imprenta Barcina, Habana, pp. 115 - 427." type="book" year="1860">Poey, 1860: 121</bibRefCitation>
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(original description;
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,
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD310840E4CFF84FF6B6138EB54777D" author="Poey, F." box="[151,581,800,824]" page="122" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" year="1860">
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FF6B6138EB54777D" ID-CoL="SB4S" authority="Poey, 1860: 122" authorityName="Poey" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,581,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pedimacula">
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<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FF6B6138E88A777D" box="[151,411,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Centropomus pedimacula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B640E4CFF84FE5E6138EB54777D" author="Poey, F." box="[418,581,800,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" refId="ref28485" refString="Poey, F. (1860) Poissons de Cuba, especes nouvelles. In: Poey, F. (Ed.), Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba. Vol. 2. Imprenta Barcina, Habana, pp. 115 - 427." type="book" year="1860">Poey, 1860: 122</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BCD36950E4CFF84FF6B6127EB387712" blockId="24.[151,945,769,855]" box="[151,553,830,855]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD310840E4CFF84FF6B6127EB387712" author="Bocourt, M. F." box="[151,553,830,855]" page="91" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" year="1868">
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FF6B6127EB387712" authority="Bocourt, 1868: 91" authorityName="Bocourt" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,553,830,855]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
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<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FF6B6127E87A7713" box="[151,363,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Centropomus cuvieri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B640E4CFF84FE8E6127EB387712" author="Bocourt, M. F." box="[370,553,830,855]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" pagination="90 - 91" refId="ref26265" refString="Bocourt, M. F. (1868) Note sur des poissons percoides appurtenant au genre Centropome. Annales des sciences naturelles Zoologie et biologie animale, 5 (9), 90 - 91." type="journal article" year="1868">Bocourt, 1868: 91</bibRefCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1A3CC80E4CFF84FF6B619DEA7477DA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3055342304" box="[151,869,901,928]" country="Cuba" location="Havana" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Habana" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FF6B619DE9C877DA" bold="true" box="[151,217,901,927]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<typeStatus id="54C988370E4CFF84FF6B619DE9C577DA" box="[151,212,901,927]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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CAS-SU
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SL (
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), loc.:
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,
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.
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<paragraph id="8BCD36950E4CFF84FF3B61B1EBD0706A" blockId="24.[151,1437,901,2044]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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The original description of
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|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FE0761B1EB9E7786" box="[507,655,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">C. pectinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B640E4CFF84FD4661B1EA557781" author="Poey, F." box="[698,836,937,964]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" refId="ref28485" refString="Poey, F. (1860) Poissons de Cuba, especes nouvelles. In: Poey, F. (Ed.), Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba. Vol. 2. Imprenta Barcina, Habana, pp. 115 - 427." type="book" year="1860">Poey (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is based on a
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A9B700E4CFF84FC1861B1ED507786" box="[996,1089,937,963]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="310.0">310 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL specimen. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B640E4CFF84FAA061B1E9F377AD" author="Rivas, L. R." pageId="24" pageNumber="325" pagination="579 - 611" refId="ref28867" refString="Rivas, L. R. (1986) Systematic review of the perciform fishes of the genus Centropomus. Copeia, 3, 579 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444940" type="journal article" year="1986">Rivas (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that no specimen that agrees with the original description could be found in MCZ, USNM, or any other museum. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C988370E4CFF84FECA61E9E89E704E" box="[310,399,1009,1035]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(CAS-SU 1602) designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B640E4CFF84FD0E61E9EA957049" author="Rivas, L. R." box="[754,900,1009,1036]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" pagination="579 - 611" refId="ref28867" refString="Rivas, L. R. (1986) Systematic review of the perciform fishes of the genus Centropomus. Copeia, 3, 579 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444940" type="journal article" year="1986">Rivas (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is a specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B6F8770E4CFF84FB9961E9EDAC704E" box="[1125,1213,1009,1035]" country="Cuba" name="La Habana" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Havana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36576050E4CFF84FB3461E9EC17704E" box="[1224,1286,1009,1035]" name="Cuba" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A9B700E4CFF84FAED61E9EC7F704E" box="[1297,1390,1009,1035]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="188.0">188 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, deposited in the California Academy of Sciences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C368651E0E4CFF85FF3B6620E9FF76EC" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36950E4CFF84FF3B6620ED107016" blockId="24.[151,1437,901,2044]" box="[199,1025,1080,1107]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FF3B6620E8537017" bold="true" box="[199,322,1080,1106]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FEB46621EB497016" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1860" box="[328,600,1081,1107]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FEB46621EB497016" box="[328,600,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Centropomus pectinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from its congeners as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36950E4CFF84FF3B6645E86F72BA" blockId="24.[151,1437,901,2044]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Western Atlantic: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FE286645EB6C7032" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1792" box="[468,637,1117,1143]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Sciaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undecimalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FE286645EB6C7032" box="[468,637,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">C. undecimalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FADA6646EC2C7032" box="[1318,1341,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
66–75), 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FD85669AEB8170DE" box="[633,656,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
8–11), 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FBBB669AED4F70DE" box="[1095,1118,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
11–14), the longest anal-fin spine usually reaching caudal-fin base when adpressed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FCF666BEEA3070FA" box="[778,801,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
longest anal-fin spine not reaching caudal-fin base), pelvic fin reaching the anus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FE4466D2E8DE70A6" box="[440,463,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
pelvic fin not reaching anus), a less elongate and higher body, with a mean body height of 26.6% SL (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FECE66F6E8587142" box="[306,329,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
more elongate and lower body, mean body height 22.9% SL), and anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FAFC66F6EC067142" box="[1280,1303,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FF6B6709E9F7716E" authorityName="Carvalho-Filho, Oliveira, Soares & Araripe" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,230,1297,1323]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FF6B6709E9F7716E" box="[151,230,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">C. irae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FC7F670AEA8B716E" box="[899,922,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
79–96), 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FF24672EE9FE710A" box="[216,239,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
7–8), 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FD69672EEBBD710A" box="[661,684,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
11–13), the longest anal-fin spine usually reaching caudal-fin base when adpressed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FEA76742E8637136" box="[347,370,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
longest anal-fin spine not reaching caudal-fin base), pelvic fin reaching the anus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FAEE6742EC387136" box="[1298,1321,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
pelvic fin not reaching anus), a less elongate and higher body, with a mean body height of 26.6% SL (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FB506766EDD271D2" box="[1196,1219,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
more elongate and lower body, mean body height 22.3% SL), and anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FC6C67BAEAB671FE" box="[912,935,1442,1467]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FBC667B9EDDF71FE" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1860" box="[1082,1230,1441,1467]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FBC667B9EDDF71FE" box="[1082,1230,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">C. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FD9467DEEB6E719A" box="[616,639,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
64–70), 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FB2A67DEEDFC719A" box="[1238,1261,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
10–13), 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FE5767F2E8D37246" box="[427,450,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
13–18), and anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FCCE67F2EA587246" box="[818,841,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FC2667F1ED717246" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1860" box="[986,1120,1513,1539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FC2667F1ED717246" box="[986,1120,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">C. ensiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FE086416EB1A7262" box="[500,523,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
48–58), 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FBA16416ED657262" box="[1117,1140,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
10–15), 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FECF642AE85B720E" box="[307,330,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
15–20), the third anal-fin spine longer than the second, reaching caudal-fin base when adpressed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FF5D644EE9A9722A" box="[161,184,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
second anal-fin spine longer than the third, reaching caudal-fin base), pelvic fin reaching the anus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FAEF644EEC3B722A" box="[1299,1322,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
pelvic fin usually not reaching anus), and anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FD316462EBF572D6" box="[717,740,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FC8D6461EADF72D6" authorityName="Chavez" authorityYear="1961" box="[881,974,1657,1683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FC8D6461EADF72D6" box="[881,974,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">C. poeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FEAF6486E87B72F2" box="[339,362,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
69–74), 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FC486486EADA72F2" box="[948,971,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
9–12), 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FA796486EC8D72F2" box="[1413,1436,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
15–18), pelvic fin reaching the anus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FDCA64DAEB5C729E" box="[566,589,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
pelvic fin not reaching anus), anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FB8C64DAED96729E" box="[1136,1159,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7), and second dorsal fin with I,11 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FECE64FEE85872BA" box="[306,329,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
I,9).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36950E4CFF85FF3B6511EBCC765F" blockId="24.[151,1437,901,2044]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,150,1365]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Eastern Pacific: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FE466511EB407366" box="[442,593,1801,1827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FE466511EB407366" box="[442,593,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">C. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FB206512EDE27366" box="[1244,1267,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
68–76), 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FDC86536EB5A7302" box="[564,587,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
8–9); 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FC036536ED077302" box="[1023,1046,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
11–14), the longest anal-fin spine usually reaching caudal-fin base when adpressed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FD32654AEBF4732E" box="[718,741,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
longest anal-fin spine not reaching caudal-fin base), and anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FEC4656EE85E73CA" box="[312,335,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FE21656DEB5773CA" authorityName="Lockington" authorityYear="1877" box="[477,582,1909,1935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FE21656DEB5773CA" box="[477,582,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">C. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FB26656EEDE073CA" box="[1242,1265,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
67–75), 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FDD36582EB5773F6" box="[559,582,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
9–12); 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FBFD6582ED0973F6" box="[1025,1048,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
14–15), the longest anal-fin spine usually reaching caudal-fin base when adpressed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FD2E65A6EBF87392" box="[722,745,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
longest anal-fin spine not reaching caudal-fin base), anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FEEC65FAE83673BE" box="[272,295,2018,2043]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7), and second dorsal fin with I,11 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FD2265FAEBE473BE" box="[734,757,2018,2043]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">vs</emphasis>
|
||
I,9); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4CFF84FC9265F9EAFA73BE" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1863" box="[878,1003,2017,2043]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4CFF84FC9265F9EAFA73BE" box="[878,1003,2017,2043]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">C. armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FE8D628FE89974F5" box="[369,392,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
47–59), 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FC2C628FEAF674F5" box="[976,999,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
11–12); 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FF5D62A3E9A97491" box="[161,184,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
15–17), the third anal-fin spine longer than the second, reaching caudal-fin base when adpressed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FAD262A3EC547491" box="[1326,1349,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
second anal-fin spine longer than the third, reaching caudal-fin base), and anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FB8C62C7ED9674BD" box="[1136,1159,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FAE662C7EC8474BC" authorityName="Jordan & Gilbert" authorityYear="1882" box="[1306,1429,223,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robalito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FAE662C7EC8474BC" box="[1306,1429,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">C. robalito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FCDD631BEA297559" box="[801,824,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
47–59), 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FB01631BEC057559" box="[1277,1300,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
21–25), the third anal-fin spine longer than the second, reaching caudal-fin base when adpressed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FBA7633FED637505" box="[1115,1138,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
second anal-fin spine longer than the third, reaching caudal-fin base), and anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FC686353EABA7521" box="[916,939,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FBC56353EDC37521" authorityName="Bocourt" authorityYear="1868" box="[1081,1234,331,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unionensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FBC56353EDC37521" box="[1081,1234,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">C. unionensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FDD66377EB5075CD" box="[554,577,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
10–14); 20–23 gill rakers on first arch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FBF96377ED0D75CD" box="[1029,1052,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
15–20), the longest anal-fin spine usually reaching caudal-fin base when adpressed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FD2E638BEBF875E9" box="[722,745,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
longest anal-fin spine not reaching caudal-fin base), anal fin with III,8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FEEE63AFE8387595" box="[274,297,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
III,7), and second dorsal fin with I,11 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FD1F63AFEBEB7595" box="[739,762,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
I,9); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FC8A63AFEAF77594" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[886,998,439,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FC8A63AFEAF77594" box="[886,998,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">C. medius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 47–52 scales on lateral line to caudal-fin base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FE8F63C3E89B75B1" box="[371,394,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
53–65), and the longest anal-fin spine usually reaching caudal-fin base when adpressed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FA7963C3EC8D75B1" box="[1413,1436,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">vs</emphasis>
|
||
longest anal-fin spine not reaching caudal-fin base).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36950E4DFF85FF3B603BE9FF76EC" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FF3B603BE8947678" bold="true" box="[199,389,547,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Molecular data.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FDD0603BEBD17679" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1860" box="[556,704,547,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FDD0603BEBD17679" box="[556,704,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">C. pectinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a strongly supported cluster, with 100% bootstrap value, in the COI sequences analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492A100E4DFF85FE27605FEB2C7624" box="[475,573,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[603,994,186,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-21@15.[594,994,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Best maximum likelihood tree of Centropomus species elaborated with partial COI sequences. Numbers in the branches represent the percentage of occurrence of each group in 1000 pseudoreplicates by bootstrap. Values lower than 50% are not showed. Log likelihood = -3507.12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4604274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4604274/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The genetic distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FC5A605FED2B7625" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1860" box="[934,1082,583,609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FC5A605FED2B7625" box="[934,1082,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">C. pectinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FAD6605FE9D576C1" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FAD6605FE9D576C1" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Centropomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranged from 0.047 to 0.190 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F0032E0E4DFF85FDF16073EB7576C0" box="[525,612,619,645]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,239,609,635]" captionText="TABLE 7. Genetic distance (Kimura-2-parameter) obtained among the studied species. Mean below diagonal, standard error above diagonal. In the main diagonal mean values and standard error obtained for each species (n/c= not computed)." pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
). The genetic analyses indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FC076073ED9E76C1" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1860" box="[1019,1167,619,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FC076073ED9E76C1" box="[1019,1167,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">C. pectinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FA7F6073E9F776EC" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FA7F6073E9F776EC" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">C. medius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C368651E0E4DFF85FF3B60AAE89170AC" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36950E4DFF85FF3B60AAE8C1778C" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FF3B60AAE8487689" bold="true" box="[199,345,690,716]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics and meristics data are summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F0032E0E4DFF85FC4660ABED097688" box="[954,1048,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="27.[151,235,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 8. External measurements (in milimeters) of Centropomus species. Mean ± standard deviation/minimum-maximum (n)." pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Tables 8</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F0032E0E4DFF85FBD960ABED227688" box="[1061,1075,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="28.[151,239,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[166,1395,1356,1915]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 9. Ratio of external measurements as percentage standard length (SL) of Centropomus species. Mean ± standard deviation/minimum-maximum (n)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0D661D0E48FF80FF6B6719EB1A7178" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" tableUuid="DF0D661D0E48FF80FF6B6719EB1A7178">9</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F0032E0E4DFF85FB9660ABED977688" box="[1130,1158,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,239,511,535]" captionText="TABLE 10. Meristics of Centropomus species. Mean ± standard deviation/minimum-maximum (n)." pageId="25" pageNumber="326">10</tableCitation>
|
||
on the basis of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74FD1C0E4DFF85FACA60ABE9C476B4" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A9B700E4DFF85FF1E60CEE88576B4" box="[226,404,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6179999999999999" metricValueMax="2.5989999999999998" metricValueMin="0.637" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="161.79999999999998" valueMax="259.9" valueMin="63.7">63.7–259.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A9B700E4DFF85FE3160CFEB5376B4" box="[461,578,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.913" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="191.3">191.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
average). Body slightly elongate, body moderately high, mean body height 26.6% SL (24.4%–29.9%); head moderately long, mean head length 36.9% SL (34.2%–42.8%); head moderately high, mean head height 22.9% SL (19.3%–25.4%); largest specimen measured
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A9B700E4DFF85FBE46106ED9A777C" box="[1048,1163,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9649999999999999" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="196.5">196.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL. Lower jaw protractile, longer than upper jaw, extending beyond tip of snout. Snout narrow and long, mean snout length 12.0% SL (10.7%–13.3%); eye medium, mean orbital diameter 19.4% HL. Preoperculum heavily serrated in adults; operculum smooth, without spines, bordered by a membrane that extends beyond origin of pectoral fin; 3–5 small spines in dorsal part of operculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36950E4DFF85FF3B61CBE89170AC" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Dorsal fins separated by a small gap, not connected by membrane, first dorsal fin always VIII, second dorsal fin I,11. Pectoral fin with 13–15 rays, longest ray extending beyond origin of pelvic fin. Pelvic fin I,5, longest ray usually reaching anus. Anal fin III,8, third spine longer than second spine, usually reaching caudal-fin base when close to body (adpressed). Caudal fin deeply forked. Lateral line with ctenoid scales, extending onto caudal fin. Lateral line with 47–52 scales to caudal-fin base, 50–56 scales extending onto end of caudal fin. Scale rows between lateral line and origin of second dorsal fin 8–10; scale rows between lateral line and origin of anal fin 9–12. 14–16 lower limb gill rakers on first arch; 20–23 gill rakers on first arch, excluding rudiments; 19–21 gill rakers on second arch, including rudiments.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C368651E0E4DFF85FF3B66EAED737110" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36950E4DFF85FF3B66EAED737110" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FF3B66EAE8707149" bold="true" box="[199,353,1266,1292]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FE9466EBEB687149" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1860" box="[360,633,1267,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FE9466EBEB687149" box="[360,633,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Centropomus pectinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from south Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B6F8770E4DFF85FB0A66EBEC547148" box="[1270,1349,1267,1293]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36576050E4DFF85FAAD66EBEC887148" box="[1361,1433,1267,1293]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D160E4DFF85FEC2670FE8C57175" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1860" box="[318,468,1303,1329]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centropomidae" genus="Centropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EA870E4DFF85FEC2670FE8C57175" box="[318,468,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">C. pectinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Pacific (CAS-SU 2952) is erroneous, since the material examined herein and literature records strongly indicate that the species is restricted to the Western Atlantic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |