136 lines
17 KiB
XML
136 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="DF163B1D419E6977C8C37F457BC143FC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2186.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5311592" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629629438740" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jones, Joshua R. & Deitz, Lewis L." docDate="2009" docId="CF7A87E4FFCE894B7D9DA14BBEA6FE03" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02186p120.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2186 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2186.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ledrinae Fairmaire 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="3343FF9CFFD689527D0AA225BA23FC37" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1699086546085" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="177D01535CD75CE6843377A9935ED97C">Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A41F1937135A617E79529ACF9089937">Jones, Joshua R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="05FDD2FD4F102C59CF64A536C45159EE">Deitz, Lewis L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D678AEF28708B7DC7783C7E583747E4D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EB00DF3FFCA34B694D3CC2E7A6A054D4">
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<mods:date id="C82B7896F4DCCE764703E377F6610C2C">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CAC66372957000186119E4053DA7B644">2009-08-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7014D67AC29E627073C113F030F7EBE8">2186</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="733E5F6DA8E407CA051CC794549833A8">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2186.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="22F240DBFB4BB66921444596D89C4989">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BCFB816035864C4E961A9C4C852764F3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2186.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="0FC96579FFCE894A7D9DA14BB835FFBF" box="[151,534,878,904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCE894A7D9DA14BB835FFBF" blockId="24.[151,534,878,904]" box="[151,534,878,904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="1C24819EFFCE894A7D9DA14BB835FFBF" bold="true" box="[151,534,878,904]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCE894A7D9DA14BB835FFBF" bold="true" box="[151,534,878,904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCE894A7C15A14BB835FFBF" ID-CoL="8JK4S" authority="Fairmaire" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1855" box="[287,534,878,904]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ledrinae">Ledrinae Fairmaire</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FC96579FFCE894A7D9DA191BED7F868" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCE894A7D9DA191B812FFFA" blockId="24.[151,561,948,973]" box="[151,561,948,973]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCE894A7D9DA191B812FFFA" box="[151,561,948,973]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<typeStatus id="98688850FFCE894A7D9DA191BAEDFFFA" box="[151,206,948,973]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
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genus
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCE894A7C2BA191B80FFFFA" authority="Fabricius, 1803" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" box="[289,556,948,973]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ledra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Ledra
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<bibRefCitation id="23424B03FFCE894A7C64A191B80FFFFA" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[366,556,948,973]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref56587" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1803) Systema Rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus, C. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 1803, x, 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1803">Fabricius, 1803</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCE894A7D9DA1D2BED7F868" blockId="24.[151,1437,1015,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCE894A7D9DA1D2BBB0F826" bold="true" box="[151,403,1015,1041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Primary Synonymy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCE894A7C97A1DDB92BF825" authority="Fairmaire, 1855: 140" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityPageNumber="140" authorityYear="1855" box="[413,776,1016,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ledrides">
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Ledrides
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<bibRefCitation id="23424B03FFCE894A7F07A1DDB92BF825" author="Fairmaire, L. M. H." box="[525,776,1016,1042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref56628" refString="Fairmaire, L. M. H. (1855) 2 e Division. - Homopteres. Musee Scolaire Dayrolle. Histoire Naturelle de la France. IIe partie - Hemipteres. (Punaises, cigales, pucerons, cochenilles, etc.), E. Deyrolle, Paris, 1855, 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1855">Fairmaire, 1855: 140</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[treated as family].
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCE894A7EF7A1DDBA97F80F" authority="Kirshbaum, [1867]" authorityName="Kirshbaum" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Ledridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ledridae Kirshbaum, [1867] 1868: 14</taxonomicName>
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[treated as subfamily]; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature Opinion 647 (1963).
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCE894A7D9DA660BBF8F868" authority="Sahlberg 1871: 67" authorityName="Sahlberg" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,475,1093,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ledrides">
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Ledrides
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<bibRefCitation id="23424B03FFCE894A7C0EA660BBF8F868" author="Sahlberg, J. R." box="[260,475,1093,1119]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 506" refId="ref59243" refString="Sahlberg, J. R. (1871) Ofversigt af Finlands och den Skandinaviska halfons Cicadariae. I. Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Forhandlingar, 9, 1 - 506." type="journal article" year="1871">Sahlberg 1871: 67</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[treated as tribe]. Ledrinaria
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<bibRefCitation id="23424B03FFCE894A7E38A660B9DEF868" author="Distant, W. L." box="[818,1021,1093,1119]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="185 - 197" refId="ref55864" refString="Distant, W. L. (1907) Contributions to a knowledge of the Ledrinae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 51, 185 - 197." type="journal article" year="1907">Distant 1907:185</bibRefCitation>
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[treated as division].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FC96579FFCE894B7DCDA64EBAD6FDAD" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCE894A7DCDA64EBAFAFAC7" blockId="24.[151,1437,1015,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCE894A7DCDA64EBB7CF8B2" bold="true" box="[199,351,1131,1157]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description.</emphasis>
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Medium or large leafhoppers. Dorsum often coarsely pitted or knobbed. Head spatulate, anterior margin often lamellate. Crown often uneven with shallow ridges or knobs, median longitudinal carina more or less complete, marginal carina more or less complete. Ocelli located on disk of crown, generally closer to each other than to eyes. Face usually concave, especially near anterior and lateral margins. Frontoclypeus narrow, long (anterior portion reduced in some taxa), more or less distinct, not extending onto upper margin of head, maxillary sutures present or absent, genae narrow. Antennae very short, first two segments small and unadorned with auxiliary setae. Proepisternum entirely exposed and variously expressed. Pronotum generally with carinate dorsolateral margins (absent in
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCE894A7ECBA75EBE3FF9A2" authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="2009" box="[961,1052,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rubrini">Rubrini</taxonomicName>
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) that are sometimes developed laterally into triangular, subtriangular, or ovoid flap-like extensions; dorsal surface with or without dorsal longitudinal rows of tubercles or carinae, these sometimes developed into crests, earlike flanges, or horns. Forewings coriaceous, punctate, sometimes flexed downward at second claval vein, claval area sometimes pigmented, veins slightly raised, claval veins not confluent, venation regular or reticulate in apical two-thirds of wing. Hind wings with R and M veins free and not confluent distally. Legs densely setose, pro- and mesothoracic legs without macrosetae. Metathoracic legs relatively short, metathoracic femur macrosetae formula 2 + 0 or 2 + 1, occasionally 2 + 1 + 1, with macrosetae grouped at apex of femur. Metathoracic tibia row II with some or all macrosetae cucullate, almost always less than
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<quantity id="802B9B17FFCE894A7ED5A495BE2EFAFD" box="[991,1037,1712,1738]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
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number, with hairlike intercalary setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCE894A7DCDA4D8B80DFBEF" blockId="24.[151,1437,1015,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Male genitalia: Macrosetae lacking. Valve small, fused with pygofer. Genital plates generally narrow, more or less parallel-sided, usually as long or longer than pygofer. Styles often long and narrow, but sometimes short, often with apex flexed ventrad or recurved anterad, sometimes with additional processes. Connective band- or platelike, but generally not strongly sclerotized, often membranous and indistinct. Aedeagus variable in shape, with or without subapical and apical processes and auxiliary lobes. Segment X (anal tube) often with ventral lobe.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCF894B7DCDA2BDBB93FD7B" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,564]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Female genitalia: Macrosetae lacking. Sternite VII posterior margin generally emarginated medially. Valvulae I bases acutely angled at articulation, generally not connected to one another by a sclerotized bridge. Valvulae II long and moderately to very slender, sometimes broader medially and curved ventrally, sclerotized or not, with two more or less sclerotized dorsal teeth, supernumerary teeth present in some species, subapical notch generally present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCF894B7DCDA37DBAD6FDAD" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,564]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCF894B7DCDA37DBB3DFD45" bold="true" box="[199,286,344,370]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Range.</emphasis>
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Worldwide, with principal extant radiations in the Afrotropical, Australian, and Indomalayan regions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FC96579FFCF894B7DCDA383B97DFDD0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCF894B7DCDA383B97DFDD0" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,564]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCF894B7DCDA383BB13FDF7" bold="true" box="[199,304,422,448]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ecology.</emphasis>
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Generally associated with trees and woody plants, but some
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCF894B7923A383BEB2FDF7" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1855" box="[1065,1169,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ledrinae">Ledrinae</taxonomicName>
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are found in grasses.
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<bibRefCitation id="23424B03FFCF894B7D9DA3E8BB6BFDD0" author="Nielson, M. W." box="[151,328,461,487]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 368" refId="ref58920" refString="Nielson, M. W. (1968) The leafhopper vectors of phytopathogenic viruses (Homoptera: Cicadellidae): taxonomy biology, and virus transmission. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 1382, i - ii, 1 - 368." type="journal article" year="1968">Nielson (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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lists no
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCF894B7CA0A3E8B831FDD0" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1855" box="[426,530,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ledrinae">Ledrinae</taxonomicName>
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as vectors of plant diseases.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FC96579FFCF894B7DCDA3D6BEA6FE03" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCF894B7DCDA3D6BEA6FE03" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,564]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCF894B7DCDA3D6BB63FE3A" bold="true" box="[199,320,499,525]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCF894B7CF1A3D1B840FE39" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1855" box="[507,611,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ledrinae">Ledrinae</taxonomicName>
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is here designated to include the tribes
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCF894B7930A3D1BF29FE39" authority="Jones" authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="2009" box="[1082,1290,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Afrorubrini">Afrorubrini Jones</taxonomicName>
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(new tribe),
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCF894B7D9DA03FBB58FE03" authority="Jones" authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,379,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hespenedrini">Hespenedrini Jones</taxonomicName>
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(new tribe),
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCF894B7F19A03FB84FFE03" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1947" box="[531,620,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ledrini">Ledrini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCF894B7F7DA03FB93AFE03" authority="Jones" authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="2009" box="[631,793,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rubrini">Rubrini Jones</taxonomicName>
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(new tribe), and
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<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCF894B7EE8A03FBEA3FE03" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1949" box="[994,1152,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xerophloeini">Xerophloeini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |