treatments-xml/data/CF/7A/87/CF7A87E4FFCA894F7D9DA1B8B936FDAD.xml
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<mods:title id="0DC557FD1114F1617C662E227FF14B6D">Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCA894E7D9DA1B8B878FF80" blockId="28.[151,603,925,951]" box="[151,603,925,951]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="1C24819EFFCA894E7D9DA1B8B878FF80" bold="true" box="[151,603,925,951]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCA894E7D9DA1B8B878FF80" bold="true" box="[151,603,925,951]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCA894E7DE8A1B8BBFAFF80" ID-CoL="8JK9C" authority="Jones" authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="2009" box="[226,473,925,951]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Hespenedrini">Hespenedrini Jones</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E94579BFFCA894E7CEFA1B8B878FF80" box="[485,603,925,951]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="tribe">new tribe</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0FC96579FFCA894E7D9DA1C2B871F837" box="[151,594,999,1024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCA894E7D9DA1C2B871F837" blockId="28.[151,594,999,1024]" box="[151,594,999,1024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCA894E7D9DA1C2B871F837" box="[151,594,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="98688850FFCA894E7D9DA1C2BAEDF837" box="[151,206,999,1024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
genus
<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCA894E7C2BA1C2B871F837" authority="Kramer 1966" authorityName="Kramer" authorityYear="1966" box="[289,594,999,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hespenedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Hespenedra
<bibRefCitation id="23424B03FFCA894E7CBFA1C2B871F837" author="Kramer, J. P." box="[437,594,999,1024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="469 - 502" refId="ref57713" refString="Kramer, J. P. (1966) A revision of the New World leafhoppers of the subfamily Ledrinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 92, 469 - 502." type="journal article" year="1966">Kramer 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="0FC96579FFCA894F7DCDA616BB94FCEF" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCA894F7DCDA616B8BCFC85" blockId="28.[151,1436,1075,2030]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1436,152,410]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCA894E7DCDA616BB7CF87A" bold="true" box="[199,351,1075,1101]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</emphasis>
Moderately large leafhoppers. Dorsum texture acinose-colliculate, rugose, punctate. Head spatulate, more or less lamellate toward anterolateral margins; crown parabolic, longer in females than in males, flat; longitudinal medial carina complete; marginal carina complete or incomplete, sometimes converging into crown texture laterally; ocelli closer to each other than to eyes, equidistant from hind and anterior margins in male, distance to anterior margin in female greater; surface with depressions and pits, more so in females; several deep pits arranged in a row, or two rows in the female, running from ocellus to point where longitudinal carina meets crown apex; anterior margin of pronotum slightly overlapping posterior margin of crown, straight, except laterally near the eyes, where it angles posterolaterally; pronotum essentially flat, with some depressions; mesoscutum and scutellum flat; forewings punctate, setose, sharply angled at second claval vein; claval area punctate, flat, and in same plane with mesoscutum and scutellum; remaining portion of wings angled downward; claval suture strongly depressed; veins raised, reticulate; face flattened, somewhat convex; frontoclypeus narrow, long, with apical extension; base with cibarial muscle attachment ridges visible laterally; row of pits running adjacent to the frontoclypeus from antennal bases to point where longitudinal medial carina on frontoclypeus meets crown apex, corresponding to pits on dorsal surface of crown; lora somewhat tumid, slightly angulate, genae narrow; proepisternum large, quadrate, situated proximate to lateral edge of pronotum; lateral carina of pronotum distinct; femora round, short, somewhat robust, with setae reduced; mesothoracic femur row II apex with triangular patch of scalelike yellowish setae; metathoracic tibia with two short macrosetae mounted on a narrow, prominent base; apical macrosetal formula 2 + 1; pro- and mesotibia intermediately flattened; metathoracic tibia quadrate in cross section, outer surface flat with carinate edges, setal rows reduced, row II with approximately six macrosetae, all bases cucullate; metathoracic tarsomere I intermediately long, plantar surface bearing numerous short stout white setae. Male genitalia: aedeagus short, somewhat broad throughout length; intermediately wide in distal view, with a ventroapical groove; connective long and narrow, medial section thin in dorsal view, flat in lateral view; subgenital plates shorter than pygofer, dorsoventrally flattened basally, laterally compressed distally; anal tube broad in dorsal view. Female genitalia: broadest medially, with two sclerotized dorsal teeth and numerous other less sclerotized dorsal teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCB894F7DCDA29BBB94FCEF" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,410]" box="[199,439,190,216]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCB894F7DCDA29BBB3DFCEF" bold="true" box="[199,286,190,216]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Range.</emphasis>
Neotropical.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0FC96579FFCB894F7DCDA2C0BB91FCC8" box="[199,434,229,255]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCB894F7DCDA2C0BB91FCC8" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,410]" box="[199,434,229,255]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCB894F7DCDA2C0BB13FCC8" bold="true" box="[199,304,229,255]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ecology.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0FC96579FFCB894F7DCDA32EB936FDAD" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCB894F7DCDA32EB9C6FD44" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,410]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCB894F7DCDA32EBB63FD12" bold="true" box="[199,320,267,293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
Besides
<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCB894F7CA5A329B86EFD11" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1949" box="[431,589,268,294]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xerophloeini">Xerophloeini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCB894F7F51A329B8D4FD11" authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="2009" box="[603,759,268,294]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hespenedrini">Hespenedrini</taxonomicName>
represent the only extant ledrine tribe distributed in the New World.
<bibRefCitation id="23424B03FFCB894F7C38A317BBC5FD7B" author="Szwedo, J." box="[306,486,306,332]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="153 - 163" refId="ref59765" refString="Szwedo, J. (2002) Studies on Xerophloeini leafhoppers with description of Pariacaca icanoensis gen. and sp. nov. from Argentina (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae). Genus, 13, 153 - 163." type="journal article" year="2002">Szwedo (2002)</bibRefCitation>
postulated that
<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCB894F7FA2A317B915FD7C" authorityName="Kramer" authorityYear="1966" box="[680,822,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hespenedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCB894F7FA2A317B915FD7C" box="[680,822,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hespenedra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belonged in
<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCB894F7EDCA317BE57FD7B" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1949" box="[982,1140,306,332]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xerophloeini">Xerophloeini</taxonomicName>
, but in this analysis it is shown to be clearly distinct within
<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCB894F7F38A37CB8B9FD44" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1855" box="[562,666,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ledrinae">Ledrinae</taxonomicName>
and much closer to
<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCB894F7E8DA37CB9C2FD44" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1947" box="[903,993,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ledrini">Ledrini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="476C36F2FFCB894F7DCDA3A5B936FDAD" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,410]" box="[199,789,384,410]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
This tribe is monotypic, and includes
<taxonomicName id="80D34D71FFCB894F7F8BA3A5B92DFDAE" authorityName="Kramer" authorityYear="1966" box="[641,782,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hespenedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75A7EAE0FFCB894F7F8BA3A5B92DFDAE" box="[641,782,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hespenedra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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