475 lines
60 KiB
XML
475 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="4FE2C384E241EFAA955A776FA469DEAA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.201381" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9d27592f-87ad-499e-baea-d95a1fff30a8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="201381" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460336793237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mirande, Juan Marcos, Aguilera, Gastón & Azpelicueta, María De Las Mercedes" docDate="2011" docId="CF555B6DFF97B845D7E162B1FC90F4E9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02994p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2994" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Oligosarcus itau Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta, 2011, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="336C2315FF94B84DD7766226FFB8F24A" masterDocTitle="A threatened new species of Oligosarcus and its phylogenetic relationships, with comments on Astyanacinus (Teleostei: Characidae)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698260039467" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="74DFB8A3CE59CB86F8819496999BC8F4">A threatened new species of Oligosarcus and its phylogenetic relationships, with comments on Astyanacinus (Teleostei: Characidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F0C2C2D90F23DB8A7DC5D9B0DEBFDA27" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CE1D33B6B402A224565E5F1E9C3A1567">Mirande, Juan Marcos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4C7E8F420F8A45653CA91F74ADB1F41">Aguilera, Gastón</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A8EB6B99E40C4A6030A9189986BE6AF">Azpelicueta, María De Las Mercedes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6A11E84F90E3408F688C55BBF27B541B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ECC43DD3C1A6ECCB45C5F62E0D91EF7E">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="D5B99050E980F529E4F726CABE53E8CE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.201381</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CF555B6DFF97B845D7E162B1FC90F4E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191724" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119405434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF555B6DFF97B845D7E162B1FC90F4E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF555B6DFF97B845D7E162B1FC90F4E9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="0FE6B9F0FF97B84ED7E162B1FE41F353" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF97B84ED7E162B1FE54F2FA" blockId="3.[151,492,151,212]" box="[151,492,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="1C0B5D17FF97B84ED7E162B1FE54F2FA" bold="true" box="[151,492,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED7E162B1FE54F2FA" bold="true" box="[151,492,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF97B84ED7E162B1FEECF2FA" ID-CoL="496YC" box="[151,340,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED7E162B1FEECF2FA" bold="true" box="[151,340,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6EBB8B12FF97B84ED61562BEFE54F2FA" box="[355,492,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF97B84ED7E1629AFECAF29E" blockId="3.[151,492,151,212]" box="[151,370,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(
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<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF97B84ED7E9629AFEB3F29E" box="[159,267,188,212]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1844,1867]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,613,1821]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,697,1892]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,613,1823]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,697,1893]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Oligosarcus itau; above: CI-FML 3856, male, holotype, 62.1 mm SL; below: CI-FML 3857, female paratype, 66.2 mm SL. Fresh specimens, just after capture." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Oligosarcus itau; above: CI-FML 3856, male, holotype, 62.1 mm SL; below: CI-FML 3857, female paratype, 66.2 mm SL. Alcohol-preserved specimens." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/201382/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/201383/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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, Table 1)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF97B84ED7E16322FE41F353" blockId="3.[151,574,259,343]" box="[151,505,259,282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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“
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF97B84ED7D46322FE91F353" box="[162,297,260,281]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanacinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED7D46322FE91F353" box="[162,297,260,281]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Astyanacinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” sp.,
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<bibRefCitation id="236D978AFF97B84ED6126325FE41F353" author="Mirande" box="[356,505,259,281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Mirande, J. M. (2008) Filogenia de la familia Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). PhD Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Tucuman, 520 pp." type="book" year="2008">Mirande, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FE6B9F0FF97B84ED7E16304FE6FF31D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF97B84ED7E16304FE6FF31D" blockId="3.[151,574,259,343]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF97B84ED7E16304FEB1F372" ID-CoL="7ZZ" box="[151,265,290,312]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Characidae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED6796305FEEEF372" bold="true" box="[271,342,291,312]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n. gen.</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED6156305FE24F372" bold="true" box="[355,412,291,312]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n. sp.</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="236D978AFF97B84ED6DE6304FD86F372" author="Mirande" box="[424,574,290,312]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Mirande, J. M. (2009) Weighted parsimony phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Cladistics, 25, 574 - 613." type="journal article" year="2009">Mirande, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF97B84ED7E16367FEAAF31D" ID-CoL="67QY" box="[151,274,321,343]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED7E16367FEAAF31D" box="[151,274,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oligosarcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<bibRefCitation id="236D978AFF97B84ED6376367FE6FF31D" author="Mirande" box="[321,471,321,343]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Mirande, J. M. (2010) Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): From characters to taxonomy. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8, 385 - 568." type="journal article" year="2010">Mirande, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0FE6B9F0FF97B84ED7E163A2FD3DF066" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF97B84ED7E163A2FE61F3AE" blockId="3.[151,1436,388,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<typeStatus id="984754D9FF97B84ED7E163A2FEBBF3D6" box="[151,259,388,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. CI-FML 3856, male,
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<quantity id="8004479EFF97B84ED68863A2FDDAF3D6" box="[510,610,388,412]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.21" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="62.1">62.1 mm</quantity>
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SL,
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<collectingCountry id="3FEBAAEBFF97B84ED5EE63A2FCB2F3D6" box="[664,778,388,412]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, Salta, General San Martín, Río Bermejo basin, small tributary to Río
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF97B84ED653638EFEEBF3F5" box="[293,339,424,447]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">Itau</taxonomicName>
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, near Campo Largo,
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<geoCoordinate id="22C88CBCFF97B84ED5376381FD6DF3F5" box="[577,725,423,447]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-22.026112">22º 01' 34'' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="22C88CBCFF97B84ED5946381FCC7F3F5" box="[738,895,423,447]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-63.935">63º 56' 06'' W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="8004479EFF97B84ED4FD6381FC6BF3F5" box="[907,979,423,447]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="690.0">690 m</quantity>
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a.s.l. coll. J. M. Mirande, G. Aguilera & C. Aguirre.
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<date id="3342CCBBFF97B84ED66A63EAFE6EF3AE" box="[284,470,460,484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2005-11">November 2005</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF97B84ED7B363D6FD3DF066" blockId="3.[151,1436,388,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<typeStatus id="984754D9FF97B84ED7B363D6FE8EF042" box="[197,310,496,520]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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. CI-FML 3857, 1 ex., female,
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<quantity id="8004479EFF97B84ED5E863C9FCBEF04D" box="[670,774,495,519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.62" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="66.2">66.2 mm</quantity>
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SL, collected with
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<typeStatus id="984754D9FF97B84ED49B63C9FBEBF04D" box="[1005,1107,495,519]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. CI-FML 3858, 1 ex., male, C&S,
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<quantity id="8004479EFF97B84ED7AB6032FEF9F066" box="[221,321,532,556]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.14" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="61.4">61.4 mm</quantity>
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SL, collected with
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<typeStatus id="984754D9FF97B84ED56D6032FD39F066" box="[539,641,532,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="1383BAF3FF97B84ED7E16512FDEDF523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201382/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[151,1436,613,1821]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF97B84ED7E16512FDEDF523" blockId="3.[151,1436,1844,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED7E16512FEAAF503" bold="true" box="[151,274,1844,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF97B84ED66E6512FE07F500" box="[280,447,1844,1866]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED66E6512FE07F500" box="[280,447,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; above: CI-FML 3856, male, holotype, 62.1 mm SL; below: CI-FML 3857, female paratype, 66.2 mm SL. Fresh specimens, just after capture.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0FE6B9F0FF97B849D7B165B3FD08F0CE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF97B849D7B165B3FE11F3CD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1941,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,644]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED7B165B3FEF9F5E4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1941,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Distinguished from remaining species of
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF97B84ED46165B3FC27F5E7" box="[791,927,1941,1965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED46165B3FC27F5E7" box="[791,927,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oligosarcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by presence of two well distinct rows of premaxillary teeth (vs. one row composed by both large and small teeth) (
|
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<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF97B84ED4C2659FFC40F59B" box="[948,1016,1977,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1167,1190]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1145]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1146]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligosarcus itau, CI-FML 3858, 61.4 mm SL: Upper jaw and nasal in medial view. PMX: right premaxilla, MAX: right maxilla. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201384/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). One C&S specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF97B84ED262659CFF7BF5BC" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">
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<emphasis id="75883669FF97B84ED262659CFF7BF5BC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has four unbranched dorsal-fin rays, a feature not found in other characids; however, presence or absence of very small anteriormost dorsal-fin ray could not be evaluated in alcohol-preserved specimens. The new species further distinguishes from all remaining species of genus excepting
|
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF90B849D40A629AFC59F29E" box="[892,993,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pintoi">
|
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<collectingCountry id="3FEBAAEBFF90B849D40A629AFC2BF29E" box="[892,915,188,212]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O</collectingCountry>
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||
. pintoi
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</taxonomicName>
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by presence of pentacuspidate dentary teeth (vs. conical to tricuspidate).
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF90B849D56562C6FD75F2B2" box="[531,717,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">
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<emphasis id="75883669FF90B849D56562C6FD75F2B2" box="[531,717,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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further distinguishes from
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<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF90B849D48962C6FBDAF2B2" box="[1023,1122,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pintoi">
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||
<emphasis id="75883669FF90B849D48962C6FBDAF2B2" box="[1023,1122,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FEBAAEBFF90B849D48962C6FBAEF2BD" box="[1023,1046,224,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. pintoi
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</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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by presence of 8–13 maxillary teeth (vs. 15–23) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF90B849D6EF6322FE65F356" box="[409,477,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1167,1190]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1145]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1146]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligosarcus itau, CI-FML 3858, 61.4 mm SL: Upper jaw and nasal in medial view. PMX: right premaxilla, MAX: right maxilla. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201384/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), 21–23 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 24–28), 18–19 circumpeduncular scales (vs. 13– 16), 41–42 lateral-line scales (vs. 36–40), presence of two pairs of uroneurals (vs. one), presence of a well-developed temporal fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF90B849D6FC636AFE77F32E" box="[394,463,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1420,1443]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1399]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,337,1399]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oligosarcus itau, CI-FML 3858, 61.4 mm SL: Detail of neurocranium from lateral view; right side, reversed image. 13 (0): presence of temporal foramen, 48 (0): rhinosphenoid not proyected between olfactory nerves, 366 (0): sphenotic spine not notched, LAP: levator arcus palatini, OLN: olfactory nerve, PTO: pterotic, SPH: sphenotic. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)(vs. absent;
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF90B849D528636AFD19F32E" box="[606,673,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1266]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Oligosarcus pintoi, CI-FML 4015, 28.4 mm SL: Detail of neurocranium from lateral view; right side, reversed image. 13 (1): absence of temporal foramen, 366 (1): sphenotic spine notched, PTO: pterotic, SPH: sphenotic. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201386/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), and possession of a distally expanded sphenotic spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF90B849D250636AFAD3F32E" box="[1318,1387,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1420,1443]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1399]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,337,1399]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oligosarcus itau, CI-FML 3858, 61.4 mm SL: Detail of neurocranium from lateral view; right side, reversed image. 13 (0): presence of temporal foramen, 48 (0): rhinosphenoid not proyected between olfactory nerves, 366 (0): sphenotic spine not notched, LAP: levator arcus palatini, OLN: olfactory nerve, PTO: pterotic, SPH: sphenotic. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)(vs. distally notched;
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF90B849D62E6349FE23F3CD" box="[344,411,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1266]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Oligosarcus pintoi, CI-FML 4015, 28.4 mm SL: Detail of neurocranium from lateral view; right side, reversed image. 13 (1): absence of temporal foramen, 366 (1): sphenotic spine notched, PTO: pterotic, SPH: sphenotic. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201386/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF90B849D7B163B2FD08F0CE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF90B849D68A63B2FD47F3E6" box="[508,767,404,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF90B849D68A63B2FD47F3E6" box="[508,767,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligosarcus bolivianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also inhabiting Río Bermejo basin, by shorter maxilla, not reaching middle length of eye (vs. reaching, or almost reaching vertical through posterior margin of eye), lower number of ectopterygoid teeth (3–4 vs. 9–11), lower number of lateral-line scales (41–43 vs. 49–55), transverse (9/ 5–7 vs. 11/8), and circumpeduncular scales (18–19 vs. 21–23), and fewer number of maxillary teeth (8–13 vs. 15– 24).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF90B849D7BD6002FE3EF076" box="[203,390,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF90B849D7BD6002FE3EF076" box="[203,390,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguishes from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF90B849D51E6003FD56F076" box="[616,750,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanacinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF90B849D51E6003FD56F076" box="[616,750,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FEBAAEBFF90B849D51E6003FDC7F076" box="[616,639,549,572]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. platensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6EBB8B12FF90B849D5816003FCE2F076" box="[759,858,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see Discussion) by fewer anal-fin rays (21–23 vs. 27) and maxillary teeth (8–13 vs. 16) and by dentary teeth gradually decreasing in size (vs. two anterior dentary teeth conspicuously longer than posterior ones).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1383BAF3FF90B849D7E1655FFD9AF5E5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201383/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[151,1436,697,1892]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF90B849D7E1655FFD9AF5E5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1913,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF90B849D7E1655FFEAAF5C5" bold="true" box="[151,274,1913,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF90B849D66E655CFE07F5DA" box="[280,447,1914,1936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF90B849D66E655CFE07F5DA" box="[280,447,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; above: CI-FML 3856, male, holotype, 62.1 mm SL; below: CI-FML 3857, female paratype, 66.2 mm SL. Alcohol-preserved specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1383BAF3FF91B848D7E166A9FE6BF68E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201384/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1145]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF91B848D7E166A9FE6BF68E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1167,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF91B848D7E166A9FEAAF6EF" bold="true" box="[151,274,1167,1190]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF91B848D66E66A9FE78F6EC" box="[280,448,1167,1190]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF91B848D66E66A9FE78F6EC" box="[280,448,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CI-FML 3858, 61.4 mm SL: Upper jaw and nasal in medial view. PMX: right premaxilla, MAX: right maxilla. Scale bar=1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0FE6B9F0FF91B84AD7B166D6FCA6F356" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF91B848D7B166D6FBE6F7AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF91B848D7B166D6FEE1F743" bold="true" box="[199,345,1264,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of
|
||
<typeStatus id="984754D9FF91B848D54066D6FD20F742" box="[566,664,1264,1288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and two
|
||
<typeStatus id="984754D9FF91B848D47366D7FCC8F743" box="[773,880,1265,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are presented in Table 1. Body moderately deep (36.3–37.5 % SL), with maximum depth at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of snout slightly convex and straight to tip of supraoccipital process; slightly convex to dorsal-fin origin; almost straight from this point to caudal peduncle; gently concave along caudal peduncle to base of caudal-fin rays. Ventral profile of body gently convex from lower-jaw tip to pelvic-fin origin; straight to anal-fin origin; straight along base of anal fin, and gently concave under caudal peduncle. Ventral portion of body between pectoral and pelvic fin origins transversely rounded; ventral portion of body between origins of pelvic and anal fins more compressed laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF91B848D7B867CBFE40F43A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to middle standard length (predorsal distance 54.7–57.0 % SL). Pelvic-fin origin situated anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Anal-fin origin situated at vertical through base of posteriormost dorsal-fin rays. Tip of pectoral fin reaching pelvic-fin origin when adpressed against body; tip of pelvic fin not reaching anal-fin origin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF91B848D7B3645BFD70F593" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Mouth terminal, situated at level of inferior third of eye; maxilla following a rather continuous line with premaxilla, extended posteriorly to anterior third of orbit. Premaxilla bearing two series of teeth. Outer row with 4(3*) tricuspidate teeth, with very small lateral cusps. Inner row with 5 narrow teeth with a central cusp well developed, and lateral cusps smaller; symphysial tooth very slender and long, with 4 cusps; second and third teeth slightly wider with 5 cusps; fourth and fifth teeth with 3–4 cusps; medial three teeth on inner premaxillary row separated from each other by visible spaces. Laminar process of maxilla rather long, with 8–13 conical or tricuspidate teeth, reaching 3/4 of its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF91B848D6CB6573FDB9F527" box="[445,513,1877,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1167,1190]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1145]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1146]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligosarcus itau, CI-FML 3858, 61.4 mm SL: Upper jaw and nasal in medial view. PMX: right premaxilla, MAX: right maxilla. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201384/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF91B848D5616573FC90F527" box="[535,808,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ligamentum primordiale</emphasis>
|
||
attached on horizontal line through first maxillary tooth base. Dentary with maximum depth approximately at posterior fourth of its length, bearing 4 pentacuspidate teeth followed by 10 smaller tricuspidate or conical teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF91B848D47465BBFCF2F5FF" box="[770,842,1949,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1153,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1131]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1132]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oligosarcus itau, CI-FML 3858, 61.4 mm SL: Detail of right suspensorium and lower jaw, showing ectopterygoid teeth; medial view. ECP: ectopterygoid, MSP: mesopterygoid, PAL: Palatine. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201387/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral cusps of dentary teeth much smaller than medial one. Ectopterygoid with 3–4 teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF91B848D50365E7FD02F593" box="[629,698,1985,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1153,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1131]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1132]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oligosarcus itau, CI-FML 3858, 61.4 mm SL: Detail of right suspensorium and lower jaw, showing ectopterygoid teeth; medial view. ECP: ectopterygoid, MSP: mesopterygoid, PAL: Palatine. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201387/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF92B84BD7E162BEFB0DF626" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<table id="35FC18DBFF9247B2D7E162BEFADEF626" box="[151,1382,152,1132]" gridcols="3" gridrows="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E162BEFADEF2E4" box="[151,1382,152,174]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E162BEFE4AF2E4" box="[151,498,152,174]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF92B84BD7E162BEFEBCF2E7" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF92B84BD67C62BEFE0BF2E4" box="[266,435,152,174]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF92B84BD67C62BEFE0BF2E4" box="[266,435,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6EBB8B12FF92B84BD6CF62BEFE4AF2E7" box="[441,498,152,173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF92B84BD6CF62BEFE4AF2E7" bold="true" box="[441,498,152,173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F62BEFCDEF2E4" box="[505,870,152,174]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Morphometrics of holotype and two</th>
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B62BEFADEF2E4" box="[877,1382,152,174]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">paratypes. Standard lengths are expressed in mm.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E162EFFADEF342" box="[151,1382,201,264]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E162EFFE4AF342" box="[151,498,201,264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Standard length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F62EFFCDEF342" box="[505,870,201,264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holotype 62.14</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B62EFFADEF342" box="[877,1382,201,264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Female Paratype Male Paraytpe (C&S) 66.20 61.44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E1633DFADEF37B" box="[151,1382,283,305]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E1633DFE4AF37B" box="[151,498,283,305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">% of standard length</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E16363FADEF311" box="[151,1382,325,347]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E16363FE4AF311" box="[151,498,325,347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Predorsal distance</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F6363FCDEF311" box="[505,870,325,347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">56.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B6363FADEF311" box="[877,1382,325,347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">57.0 54.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E16348FADEF3CE" box="[151,1382,366,388]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E16348FE4AF3CE" box="[151,498,366,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Preanal distance</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F6348FCDEF3CE" box="[505,870,366,388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">66.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B6348FADEF3CE" box="[877,1382,366,388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">67.1 65.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E163BEFADEF3E4" box="[151,1382,408,430]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E163BEFE4AF3E4" box="[151,498,408,430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Preventral distance</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F63BEFCDEF3E4" box="[505,870,408,430]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">50.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B63BEFADEF3E4" box="[877,1382,408,430]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">49.0 48.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E163E7FADEF39D" box="[151,1382,449,471]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E163E7FE4AF39D" box="[151,498,449,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Body depth</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F63E7FCDEF39D" box="[505,870,449,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">36.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B63E7FADEF39D" box="[877,1382,449,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">36.3 37.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E163CCFADEF04A" box="[151,1382,490,512]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E163CCFE4AF04A" box="[151,498,490,512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dorsal-fin base</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F63CCFCDEF04A" box="[505,870,490,512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">14.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B63CCFADEF04A" box="[877,1382,490,512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.3 13.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E16035FADEF063" box="[151,1382,531,553]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E16035FE4AF063" box="[151,498,531,553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Anal-fin base</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F6035FCDEF063" box="[505,870,531,553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">27.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B6035FADEF063" box="[877,1382,531,553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">26.8 27.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E1601BFADEF019" box="[151,1382,573,595]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E1601BFE4AF019" box="[151,498,573,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pectoral-fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F601BFCDEF019" box="[505,870,573,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B601BFADEF019" box="[877,1382,573,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23.2 23.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E16040FADEF036" box="[151,1382,614,636]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E16040FE4AF036" box="[151,498,614,636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pelvic-fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F6040FCDEF036" box="[505,870,614,636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">18.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B6040FADEF036" box="[877,1382,614,636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17.2 19.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E160B6FADEF0EC" box="[151,1382,656,678]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E160B6FE4AF0EC" box="[151,498,656,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pectoral to pelvic-fin distance</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F60B6FCDEF0EC" box="[505,870,656,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">20.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B60B6FADEF0EC" box="[877,1382,656,678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">19.7 20.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E1609FFADEF085" box="[151,1382,697,719]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E1609FFE4AF085" box="[151,498,697,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pelvic to anal-fin distance</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F609FFCDEF085" box="[505,870,697,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">18.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B609FFADEF085" box="[877,1382,697,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">20.0 18.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E160C4FADEF0B2" box="[151,1382,738,760]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E160C4FE4AF0B2" box="[151,498,738,760]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Head length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F60C4FCDEF0B2" box="[505,870,738,760]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B60C4FADEF0B2" box="[877,1382,738,760]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">30.8 28.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E1612DFADEF16B" box="[151,1382,779,801]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E1612DFE4AF16B" box="[151,498,779,801]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peduncle depth</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F612DFCDEF16B" box="[505,870,779,801]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B612DFADEF16B" box="[877,1382,779,801]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.0 12.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E16113FADEF101" box="[151,1382,821,843]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E16113FE4AF101" box="[151,498,821,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peduncle length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F6113FCDEF101" box="[505,870,821,843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B6113FADEF101" box="[877,1382,821,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16.0 14.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E16178FADEF13E" box="[151,1382,862,884]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E16178FE4AF13E" box="[151,498,862,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">% head length</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E161AEFADEF1D4" box="[151,1382,904,926]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E161AEFE4AF1D4" box="[151,498,904,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eye diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F61AEFCDEF1D4" box="[505,870,904,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">31.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B61AEFADEF1D4" box="[877,1382,904,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">31.6 33.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E16197FADEF18D" box="[151,1382,945,967]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E16197FE4AF18D" box="[151,498,945,967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Interorbital width</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F6197FCDEF18D" box="[505,870,945,967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B6197FADEF18D" box="[877,1382,945,967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">27.8 28.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E161FCFADEF1BA" box="[151,1382,986,1008]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E161FCFE4AF1BA" box="[151,498,986,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Postorbital distance</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F61FCFCDEF1BA" box="[505,870,986,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">47.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B61FCFADEF1BA" box="[877,1382,986,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">49.2 49.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E16625FADEF653" box="[151,1382,1027,1049]" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E16625FE4AF653" box="[151,498,1027,1049]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Snout length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F6625FCDEF653" box="[505,870,1027,1049]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">24.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B6625FADEF653" box="[877,1382,1027,1049]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23.9 24.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E1660BFADEF609" box="[151,1382,1069,1091]" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E1660BFE4AF609" box="[151,498,1069,1091]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Maxillary length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F660BFCDEF609" box="[505,870,1069,1091]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">31.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B660BFADEF609" box="[877,1382,1069,1091]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">27.6 32.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9CCE839FF9247B2D7E16670FADEF626" box="[151,1382,1110,1132]" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D7E16670FE4AF626" box="[151,498,1110,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Upper-jaw length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D68F6670FCDEF626" box="[505,870,1110,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">46.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BA1D8145FF9247B2D41B6670FADEF626" box="[877,1382,1110,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">46.4 47.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF92B84BD7B36694FAC5F683" blockId="6.[151,1437,1201,2017]" box="[197,1405,1201,1226]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eye moderately large, longer than snout. Third infraorbital not contacting laterosensory canal of preopercle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF92B84BD7B166F3FB9CF77C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1201,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dorsal fin with iv,9 rays; first ray visible only in C&S specimen; distal margin of dorsal fin straight, with last unbranched and first branched dorsal-fin rays longest. Anal fin with v-vi,21(1*), 23(2) rays. Caudal fin with principal rays i,17,i. Pectoral fin with i,12, i,13(*), or i,14 rays. Pelvic fin with i,7 rays.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF92B84BD7B16767FAEDF78F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1201,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Scales cycloid, without circuli on posterior field. Lateral line complete with 41(1*) or 42(2) perforated scales. Scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 9(3*); scales between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5(1*), 6(1), or 7(1). Scales around caudal peduncle 18(2*) or 19(1). Predorsal scales 16–17. One row of 10–14 scales forming a sheath covering base of anterior anal-fin rays. Few scales covering only proximal region of caudal-fin lobes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF92B84BD7B167F7FAE9F41C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1201,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">First branchial arch with 22–23 gill rakers: 8–9 on epibranchial, 1 on cartilage, 10–11 on ceratobranchial, and 2 on hypobranchial; posterior edge of first epibranchial with a second row of 3–5 gill rakers. Gill rakers on first ceratobranchial with broad denticles especially on anterior and posterior edges. Thirty-six vertebrae (18 precaudal and 18 caudal). Five supraneurals, 12 pairs of ribs. Caudal fin with 12 dorsal and 10 ventral procurrent rays.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF92B84BD7B16447FE5DF543" blockId="6.[151,1437,1201,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF92B84BD7B16447FE0FF430" bold="true" box="[199,439,1633,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF92B84BD6CB6444FE73F433" box="[445,459,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S</emphasis>
|
||
mall anal-fin lobe formed by last unbranched and first 1–2 branched rays in both sexes, pointed in female and rounded in males. Males with hooks on last unbranched anal-fin ray and posterior branch of first 9–11 branched anal-fin rays; one pair of hooks per segment. Males bearing hooks on pelvic-fin rays 2–5, one pair of hooks per segment. One small hook at tip of caudal fin of one C&S male specimen. No gill-derived gland observed in males or females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF92B84BD7B16533FB85F5D3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1201,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF92B84BD7B16533FED5F564" bold="true" box="[199,365,1813,1838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colour in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Body silvery, darker dorsally. Lateral band faint. Two vertically elongated humeral spots, anterior one well defined and narrow and posterior one faint. Caudal spot extended to end of median caudal-fin rays. Dorsum of head and snout dark. Cheek and opercle silvery and finely dotted with melanophores; grey maxilla. Dorsal region of eye red or brown. Fins yellow proximally and red distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF92B84BD49C65A7FB93F5D3" box="[1002,1067,1921,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,613,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,613,1823]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oligosarcus itau; above: CI-FML 3856, male, holotype, 62.1 mm SL; below: CI-FML 3857, female paratype, 66.2 mm SL. Fresh specimens, just after capture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201382/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF92B84AD7B16583FCA6F356" blockId="6.[151,1437,1201,2017]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF92B84BD7B16583FE27F5F7" bold="true" box="[199,415,1957,1982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colour in alcohol.</emphasis>
|
||
Body yellowish, darker dorsally. Dorsum of head dark with evident chromatophores scattered on cheek and opercle. Scales from upper half of flank more densely pigmented, especially in their distal margin, giving a reticulated aspect. First humeral spot vertically elongated, anteriorly situated on flank, with its ventral end almost contacting posterior margin of opercular flap. A rather thin lateral band on flank extended from anterior humeral spot, through a diffuse posterior humeral spot and caudal peduncle to end of middle caudal-fin rays. A dark, rhomboidal spot present at caudal peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF93B84AD5BA6322FCA9F356" box="[716,785,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,697,1893]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oligosarcus itau; above: CI-FML 3856, male, holotype, 62.1 mm SL; below: CI-FML 3857, female paratype, 66.2 mm SL. Alcohol-preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201383/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1383BAF3FF93B84AD7E167AAFAF7F7AA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201385/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1399]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF93B84AD7E167AAFAF7F7AA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1420,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF93B84AD7E167AAFEAEF7E8" bold="true" box="[151,278,1420,1443]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF93B84AD66967ABFE73F7E9" box="[287,459,1421,1443]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF93B84AD66967ABFE73F7E9" box="[287,459,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CI-FML 3858, 61.4 mm SL: Detail of neurocranium from lateral view; right side, reversed image. 13(0): presence of temporal foramen, 48(0): rhinosphenoid not proyected between olfactory nerves, 366(0): sphenotic spine not notched, LAP:
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF93B84AD6E567ECFDD6F7AA" box="[403,622,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
|
||
, OLN: olfactory nerve, PTO: pterotic, SPH: sphenotic. Scale bar=1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0FE6B9F0FF93B84AD7B1642AFB50F523" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF93B84AD7B1642AFB5CF403" blockId="7.[151,1437,1548,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF93B84AD7B1642AFED8F46F" bold="true" box="[199,352,1548,1573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF93B84AD61E642BFD9BF46F" box="[360,547,1549,1573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF93B84AD61E642BFD9BF46F" box="[360,547,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oligosarcus itau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from an unnamed stream in the road to Campo Largo, General San Martín, Salta,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FEBAAEBFF93B84AD61E6417FE63F403" box="[360,475,1585,1609]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
; this stream is an affluent of the Río
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF93B84AD4016414FC1DF403" box="[887,933,1586,1609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">Itau</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Río Bermejo basin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF93B84AD3E46417FB6EF403" box="[1170,1238,1585,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1985,2008]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,187,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[167,1427,187,1960]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Known geographical distribution of Oligosarcus itau, Río Bermejo, Salta, northwestern Argentina, composed only by its type locality. Satellital image at bottom amplifies highlighted area at top right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201388/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF93B84AD7B16472FB50F523" blockId="7.[151,1437,1548,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF93B84AD7B16472FE0CF427" bold="true" box="[199,436,1620,1645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Conservation notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens were found in a rainforest stream with riffles and pools of one or two meters with bottom ranging from gravel to large rocks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF93B84AD5B8645FFCAEF4DB" box="[718,790,1657,1681]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1128,1151]" captionTargetBox="[181,1416,177,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[181,1417,177,1104]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Unnamed stream where Oligosarcus itau was captured, tributary to the Río Itau, Río Bermejo basin, Salta, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201389/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stomach of one C&S specimen contained mainly allochthonous insects. The stream in which this species was collected flows through the piedmont rainforest of north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FEBAAEBFF93B84AD64C64E7FE15F493" box="[314,429,1729,1753]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
; these environments are highly endangered and are disappearing due to human activities. The particular area where this species inhabits is concessioned to a hydrocarbon exploitation company and it is subjected to permanent modifications of their water courses; this and the apparently natural scarcity of specimens of this species in its only known locality make it highly vulnerable. Despite the relatively high collection efforts in the basin, this species was found only in this stream, and probably it constitutes a microendemism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0FE6B9F0FF93B845D7B16553FC90F4E9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF93B84AD7B16553FF65F59F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1548,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF93B84AD7B16553FEF6F5C7" bold="true" box="[199,334,1909,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF93B84AD55D6550FDEEF5C7" box="[555,598,1910,1933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF93B84AD55D6550FDEEF5C7" box="[555,598,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">itau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the Río
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF93B84AD46A6550FCF3F5C7" box="[796,843,1910,1933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau">Itau</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This word probably derives from the guaraní words “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF93B84AD7D465BFFF7AF5FB" box="[162,194,1945,1969]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ita">itá</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, meaning stone, and “y” (pronounced as the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FEBAAEBFF93B84AD5B565BFFCA5F5FB" box="[707,797,1945,1969]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">German</collectingCountry>
|
||
ü in Guaraní language), meaning water. A noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1383BAF3FF9CB845D7E16721FA2FF776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201386/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1265]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF9CB845D7E16721FA2FF776" blockId="8.[151,1436,1287,1340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF9CB845D7E16721FEADF757" bold="true" box="[151,277,1287,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF9CB845D66B6721FE63F757" box="[285,475,1287,1309]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pintoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF9CB845D66B6721FE63F757" box="[285,475,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oligosarcus pintoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CI-FML 4015, 28.4 mm SL: Detail of neurocranium from lateral view; right side, reversed image. 13(1): absence of temporal foramen, 366(1): sphenotic spine notched, PTO: pterotic, SPH: sphenotic. Scale bar=1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF9CB845D7B1674EFC84F459" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF9CB845D7B1674EFE06F7CB" bold="true" box="[199,446,1384,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phylogenetic results.</emphasis>
|
||
The phylogenetic hypothesis proposed herein is the strict consensus of the most parsimonious trees obtained between the 8th and 14th values of k (9.00–16.44) in the analyses under implied weighting. This phylogeny is much similar to that proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="236D978AFF9CB845D59D6795FC27F781" author="Mirande" box="[747,927,1459,1483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Mirande, J. M. (2010) Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): From characters to taxonomy. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8, 385 - 568." type="journal article" year="2010">Mirande (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the discussion is principally focused on the relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF9CB845D60567F1FE43F7A5" box="[371,507,1495,1519]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF9CB845D60567F1FE43F7A5" box="[371,507,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oligosarcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF9CB845D54667F1FD7EF7A5" box="[560,710,1495,1519]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanacinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF9CB845D54667F1FD7EF7A5" box="[560,710,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astyanacinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF9CB845D5A267F1FCA0F7A5" box="[724,792,1495,1519]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1732,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,195,1709]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Consensus tree between most parsimonious trees obtained under implied weighting showing all the species in the clade of characids lacking a bony supraorbital. Added species relative to Mirande (2010) and clades in which they are included are highlighted. Number of nodes as used in the text are shown above branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201390/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Characters and states listed correspond to that described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="236D978AFF9CB845D7CC67DDFED5F459" author="Mirande" box="[186,365,1531,1555]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Mirande, J. M. (2010) Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): From characters to taxonomy. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8, 385 - 568." type="journal article" year="2010">Mirande (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, excepting for character 366 (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4743EA7BFF9CB845D7B16439FC90F4E9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The resolution of the internal relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF9CB845D5BD6439FCEBF47D" box="[715,851,1567,1591]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF9CB845D5BD6439FCEBF47D" box="[715,851,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oligosarcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not a primary objective of this paper; however, it is noticeable that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF9CB845D6056462FE79F411" box="[371,449,1604,1627]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itau" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF9CB845D6056462FE79F411" box="[371,449,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FEBAAEBFF9CB845D6056462FE32F411" box="[371,394,1604,1627]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. itau
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6EBB8B12FF9CB845D6BE6462FDBFF416" box="[456,519,1604,1628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF9CB845D6BE6462FDBFF416" bold="true" box="[456,519,1604,1628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the sister taxon of the remaining analyzed species of the genus in all the analyses performed. The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC91F8FF9CB845D55D6441FD0BF435" box="[555,691,1639,1663]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Oligosarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="75883669FF9CB845D55D6441FD0BF435" box="[555,691,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oligosarcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well supported and stable across all the analyses, both under implied weighting and self-weighted optimization (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DFC7F6FEFF9CB845D5A064ADFCA2F4E9" box="[726,794,1675,1699]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1732,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,195,1709]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Consensus tree between most parsimonious trees obtained under implied weighting showing all the species in the clade of characids lacking a bony supraorbital. Added species relative to Mirande (2010) and clades in which they are included are highlighted. Number of nodes as used in the text are shown above branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201390/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |