161 lines
19 KiB
XML
161 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="3EB75F655838F61961FCF8E2FD189CA7" ID-CLB-Dataset="8063" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ebe62fc-b086-459e-b9fd-8a75ded875c7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547842" ID-ZooBank="56476487-ABC9-4C1C-A73F-D39E55DB9005" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613632401885" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming" docDate="2021" docId="BB593765FFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFC05F97D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4933.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4933 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phallusia arabica Savigny 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="47604F1DFFA9E731FFFBFFE4FFF4FFC3" masterDocTitle="Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698930182887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="534CB18A66618AA271F8ED9973EA864E">
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<mods:title id="E024185FF41F226D8B8FC14D30CD1368">Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6FBF30FD730A3637CC92CAED0B77B907" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C8F9AB21737066416866C12A9F2A45E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="92AA3640BDD2A2191E6F8C8E33BD0820">Lambert, Gretchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A018751BE69AFA8BE543310514B63D1">University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor WA 98250, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="36289BD91739C628B2715D2CC8872438" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F82E9403D083B6164B54702428D7E8BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="22DDC9D02D4907E93FAC81CD8712C953">Lee, Serina Siew-Chen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D65514278C1139AA2CAFFC8F3A6755E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9326-0941</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8901AB4C284E71252CC046D0D6D39FEF">St John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227. & serina. lee @ nus. edu. sg; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9326 - 0941</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB91FAE550ED42C2FEC07056F5B24C9E" type="email">serina.lee@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3EC722BF83FA4B8113671886ABD08C4A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AEF5B614E1005BFEF8BA977B052C8345">Teo, Serena Lay-Ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D701687042A941E7EE2F8EDFC372FA4" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3309-4715</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="349BF233C01081F65094FEC94DDC8837">St John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227. & tmsteolm @ nus. edu. sg; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3309 - 4715</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="09DE0759C86DE2079F8600359917E688" type="email">tmsteolm@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="411802AC400F825A70BD0CF1AD7BEBC2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CA3BE91604F103EA5C5E31E5B30391E6">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DD7C1EE76358C5CB40DA7FE72C70D65C">2021-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EFB09E6E1D1B509E2662BF8BDB8D0996">4933</mods:number>
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<treatment id="BB593765FFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFC05F97D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547902" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179906451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BB593765FFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFC05F97D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB593765FFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFC05F97D" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="7BEAD5F8FFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFDD4FC0A" box="[151,544,943,970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFDD4FC0A" blockId="13.[151,544,943,1006]" box="[151,544,943,970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="6807311FFFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFDD4FC0A" bold="true" box="[151,544,943,970]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFDD4FC0A" authority="Savigny, 1816" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,544,943,970]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabica">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFDD4FC0A" bold="true" box="[151,544,943,970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFF6CFC4BFE99FC09" bold="true" box="[151,365,943,970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phallusia arabica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFA4E73CFE8EFC4BFDD4FC0A" author="Savigny, J. C." box="[373,544,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref21912" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1816) Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. Part 2. G. Dufour, Paris, 239 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125513" type="book" year="1816">Savigny, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7BEAD5F8FFA4E73CFF6CFC37FC05F97D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFA4E73CFF6CFC37FEDCFC2D" blockId="13.[151,544,943,1006]" box="[151,296,979,1006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<figureCitation id="ABCB9AF6FFA4E73CFF6CFC37FF07FC2D" box="[151,243,979,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,181,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1435,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. A, B: Ascidia sydneiensis about 1.5 cm in length. A: left side in tunic; B: closeup of a few clear tunic tubercles. C, D: Ascidia gemmata 7.9 cm in length in tunic (C) and left side, 7.2 cm long with tunic removed (D); E–G: Phallusia arabica. E: three individuals, largest 5.5 cm in length; F: left side of another individual 2.9 cm in length out of tunic; G: closeup of tunic blood vessels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4547856/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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E–G
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFA4E73CFF6CFBFFFD62FAF2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1051,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thick translucent cartilaginous tunic on all specimens, very well supplied with a network of blood vessels. Dorsal lamina double anteriorly, smooth but toothed posteriorly beginning at the top of the gut loop. Accessory openings of neural duct close to and just anterior to and to the right (mostly) of the neural ganglion. Dorsal tubercle in an elongated V, flat but with several openings that are longitudinal slits. Prepharyngeal band not papillated or else very minutely so. Ganglion far from dorsal tubercle, at the base of the atrial siphon. Musculature a very fine network of longitudinal and diagonally horizontal fibers across the entire right side. Stomach horizontal, both ascending and descending limbs of intestine narrow but rectum enlarged before anus. Anus distinctly but irregularly lobed, about 15-20 rather large rounded lobes folded back.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFA4E73CFF3CFAD8FD8CFA5D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1051,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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For the non-expert, it may be difficult to distinguish the various species of
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFA4E73CFBC9FADFFB69FA96" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[1074,1181,1339,1365]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFBC9FADFFB69FA96" box="[1074,1181,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phallusia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and many have been misidentified as
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFA4E73CFEB4FA84FDBBFABA" authority="Savigny, 1816" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[335,591,1375,1401]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFEB4FA84FE52FABA" box="[335,422,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. nigra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFA4E73CFE57FABBFDBBFABA" author="Savigny, J. C." box="[428,591,1375,1401]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref21912" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1816) Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. Part 2. G. Dufour, Paris, 239 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125513" type="book" year="1816">Savigny, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFA4E73CFD7CFA84FCB4FABA" author="Lee, S. S. - C. & Teo, S. L. - M. & Lambert, G." box="[647,832,1375,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref18900" refString="Lee, S. S. - C., Teo, S. L. - M. & Lambert, G. (2013) New records of solitary ascidians on artificial structures in Singapore waters. Marine Biodiversity Records, 6, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267213000638" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFD43FA84FD1CFABA" box="[696,744,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
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. (2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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for detailed description and comparison of
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFA4E73CFAD8FA84FA61FABA" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[1315,1429,1375,1401]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabica">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFAD8FA84FA61FABA" box="[1315,1429,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. arabica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFA4E73CFF6CFA60FF04FA5E" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,240,1412,1437]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFF6CFA60FF04FA5E" box="[151,240,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. nigra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFA4E73CFEDDFA60FD87FA5D" authority="Millar, 1975" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1975" box="[294,627,1411,1438]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFEDDFA60FE2AFA5E" box="[294,478,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. philippinensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFA4E73CFE1EFA67FD87FA5D" author="Millar, R. H." box="[485,627,1411,1438]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="205 - 336" refId="ref19588" refString="Millar, R. H. (1975) Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Steenstrupia, 3, 205 - 336." type="journal article" year="1975">Millar, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFA4E73CFF3CFA43FB9DFA01" blockId="13.[151,1437,1051,1726]" box="[199,1129,1447,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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#0176, three individuals; #1221, three specimens 3.3, 4, and
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<quantity id="F4082B96FFA4E73CFC8BFA43FC48FA01" box="[880,956,1447,1474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
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long (
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<figureCitation id="ABCB9AF6FFA4E73CFBFEFA43FBAFFA01" box="[1029,1115,1447,1474]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,181,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1435,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. A, B: Ascidia sydneiensis about 1.5 cm in length. A: left side in tunic; B: closeup of a few clear tunic tubercles. C, D: Ascidia gemmata 7.9 cm in length in tunic (C) and left side, 7.2 cm long with tunic removed (D); E–G: Phallusia arabica. E: three individuals, largest 5.5 cm in length; F: left side of another individual 2.9 cm in length out of tunic; G: closeup of tunic blood vessels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4547856/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFA4E73CFF3CFA2FFC57F992" blockId="13.[151,1437,1051,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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#4648, juvenile
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<quantity id="F4082B96FFA4E73CFE84FA2FFE38FA25" box="[383,460,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
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in length; body removed from tunic
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<quantity id="F4082B96FFA4E73CFC89FA2FFC34FA25" box="[882,960,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="2.9">2.9 cm</quantity>
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long. Oral siphon with seven lobes, atrial siphon torn at tip. About 58 oral tentacles of various sizes. Smaller oral tentacles colorless, largest ones filled with yellowish corpuscles as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFA4E73CFDBCF9F0FD24F9ED" author="Kott, P." box="[583,720,1555,1582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref18109" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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. Branchial sac with four or five stigmata per mesh but not yet plicated, does not extend posteriorly beyond the stomach. No gonads.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFA4E73CFF3CF9BFFBC9F9B6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1051,1726]" box="[199,1085,1627,1653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFA4E73CFEA6F9BFFE39F9B6" box="[349,461,1627,1653]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFA4E73CFE23F9BFFDADF9B6" box="[472,601,1627,1653]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFA4E73CFD9FF9BFFD2CF9B6" box="[612,728,1627,1653]" name="Singapore" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFA4E73CFD18F9BFFCCCF9B6" box="[739,824,1627,1653]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFA4E73CFCB8F9BFFC51F9B6" box="[835,933,1627,1653]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFA4E73CFC54F9BFFBCCF9B6" box="[943,1080,1627,1653]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFA4E73CFF3CF99BFC05F97D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1051,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Detailed descriptions with illustrations:
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFA4E73CFD74F964FCE2F959" author="Kott, P." box="[655,790,1663,1690]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref18109" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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, Monniot F. & Monniot C. (1996), Monniot C. (1997b), Monniot F. (2010),
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFA4E73CFE88F940FDC4F97E" author="Lee, S. S. - C. & Teo, S. L. - M. & Lambert, G." box="[371,560,1699,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref18900" refString="Lee, S. S. - C., Teo, S. L. - M. & Lambert, G. (2013) New records of solitary ascidians on artificial structures in Singapore waters. Marine Biodiversity Records, 6, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267213000638" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFE5FF940FE21F97E" box="[420,469,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
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. (2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Additional reference:
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFA4E73CFCD4F940FC19F97D" author="Lee, S. S. - C. & Chan, J. Y-H. & Teo, S. L. - M. & Lambert, G." box="[815,1005,1699,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="718 - 743" refId="ref18960" refString="Lee, S. S. - C., Chan, J. Y-H., Teo, S. L. - M. & Lambert, G. (2016) State of knowledge of ascidian diversity in South China Sea and new records for Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 34, 718 - 743." type="journal article" year="2016">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFA4E73CFC9BF940FC65F97E" box="[864,913,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
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. (2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |