556 lines
44 KiB
XML
556 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.174.2526" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3522014-d3f6-41cb-8943-ae7a52f69d0b" ID-PMC="PMC3307354" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-174-49" ID-PubMed="22451784" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-174-49" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 174" ModsDocTitle="Perapion connexum (Schilsky, 1902) (Coleoptera, Apionidae) in Central Europe, a case of plant expansion chase" checkinTime="1451249302512" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wanat, Marek, Podlussany, Attila & Schoen, Karel" docDate="2012" docId="7383E92991A1A4663BE40C6999A0A015" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 174: 49-61" docOrigin="ZooKeys 174" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.174.2526" docTitle="Perapion connexum Schilsky 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="6D23FFE2FFD4FFB9FFE8FFB9BD1BFF93" masterDocTitle="Perapion connexum (Schilsky, 1902) (Coleoptera, Apionidae) in Central Europe, a case of plant expansion chase" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1668153315629" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Perapion connexum (Schilsky, 1902) (Coleoptera, Apionidae) in Central Europe, a case of plant expansion chase</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wanat, Marek</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Podlussany, Attila</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schoen, Karel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>174</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:end>61</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.174.2526</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.174.2526</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-174-49</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7383E92991A1A4663BE40C6999A0A015" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7383E92991A1A4663BE40C6999A0A015" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Perapion_connexum" authority="Schilsky, 1902" authorityName="Schilsky" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum (Schilsky, 1902)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Apion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Apion connexum</taxonomicName>
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Schilsky, 1902: 28.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Apion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apion arcuatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatum">Apion arcuatum</taxonomicName>
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Bajtenov, 1977: 15. Syn. by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Legalov (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
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is of the same size and at first glance very similar to the common in Europe
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion curtirostre" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtirostre">Perapion curtirostre</taxonomicName>
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, from which it differs in a black tone of body integument (evidently grey in curtirostre), almost cylindrical and distinctly curved rostrum (thickened in basal half and nearly straight in curtirostre, as in Figs 5, 6, 9, 10), narrower subconical head, puncturation of vertex rugose and indefinite, smaller and not elongate scutellum (scutellar shield), slenderer tarsi and in male metatarsi devoid of ventral
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="51" start="start">spines</pageBreakToken>
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. It strongly resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Aizobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aizobius sedi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedi">Aizobius sedi</taxonomicName>
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in the colour of integument, but the latter species has different frons sculpture, with well defined punctures and long median fovea, pronotum distinctly rounded at sides, and a ventrally spined basal segment on all male tarsi. See the key to species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perapion</taxonomicName>
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occurring in Central Europe given below.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Figures 1-5. 1-4
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
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(Schilsky), female 1 total view 2 antenna 3 tarsal claws 4 head with rostrum, lateral view 5
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion curtirostre" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtirostre">Perapion curtirostre</taxonomicName>
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(Gyllenhal), female head with rostrum, lateral view. 2-4 SEM photos.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Figures 6-11. 6, 7 female anterior half of body, dorsal view 6
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion curtirostre" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtirostre">Perapion curtirostre</taxonomicName>
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(Gyllenhal) 7
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
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(Schilsky) 8, 9 male head with rostrum, dorsal view 8
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
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9
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion curtirostre" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtirostre">Perapion curtirostre</taxonomicName>
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10, 11 same in lateral view 10
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion curtirostre" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtirostre">Perapion curtirostre</taxonomicName>
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, 11
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Body length 2.0-2.3 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Integument and vestiture. clearly black with slight
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“oily”">"oily"</normalizedToken>
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glint (Fig. 1). Body covered with sparse and extremely fine white-semitransparent hair-like scales, on pronotum as long as diameter of the largest punctures, on elytral disc not longer than half
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<normalizedToken originalValue="interval’s">interval's</normalizedToken>
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width and unordered on intervals, not aggregated in any part of elytra, slightly denser on mesothoracic epimera and anepisterna, along metanepisterna condensed to form a thin white line. Entire body surface with dense microreticulation, scale-like and rough on head and the basal half of rostrum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Rostrum in dorsal view subcylindrical with obtuse widening at antennal insertion, obscuredly punctured throughout, except distal third completely mat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Head narrow, subconical, nearly as long as wide, about 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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narrower than pronotum (Figs 7, 8); eyes gently convex; frons slightly depressed in middle, with a few indictinct strigae partly obscured by dense microsculpture; puncturation on vertex lacking or indefinite, rarely with few punctures much smaller than on pronotal disc; head ventrally between eyes evenly scale-like microsculptured, without irregular asperities.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Antennae short and thin, with large club nearly as long as six distal funicular segments combined, 2.10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.25×">-2.25x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, having fused segments with their circular rims incomplete (Fig. 2); pedicel 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.6×">-1.6x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, twice as long as next segment, segments 2, 3 minute and weakly elongate, segments 4, 5 isodiametric, 6 sligthtly, and 7 markedly transverse.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Pronotum small, slightly shorter than wide, with weakly rounded sides, at base 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.2×">-1.2x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as at apex, coarsely punctured, the punctures usually of 3-4 combined ommatidia size, with flat, heavily and somewhat roughly microreticulate interspaces; prescutellar fovea not wider than single puncture, as long as 3-4 neighbouring punctures combined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Scutellar shield small, isodiametric (Fig. 7).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Elytra widest clearly behind mid-length, 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.7×">-1.7x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, 3.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.8×">-3.8x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pronotum, with deeply impressed catenulate-punctate striae, on elytral disc half as wide as intervals; intervals flat, barely punctate; specialised setae single on 7th and 9th interval.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Wing without radial window.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Ventrites. Metaventrite and abdominal ventrites I, II microreticulate and evently punctate, shiny, the punctures much smaller than on pronotal disc, well over a diameter apart from each other; abdominal ventrites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–V">III-V</normalizedToken>
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with strong, scale-like microsculpture.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Legs slender; profemur 0.80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.85×">-0.85x</normalizedToken>
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as thick as rostrum; protibia widening from base to apex, with obsolescent apical tuft of setae; tarsi slender, protarsus 3.15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.40×">-3.40x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; claws untoothed, thickened basally (Fig. 3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Male. Rostrum slightly shorter than pronotum, 2.20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.35×">-2.35x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, in profile almost straight and somewhat wedge-like, distinctly narrowing apicad in distal
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="52" start="start">half</pageBreakToken>
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(Fig. 11). Antennal insertion at basal 0.38-0.42 of rostrum. Abdominal ventrite V very broadly rounded apically. Metatarsus unarmed. Pygidium half exposed, with very broad complete transverse sulcus. Terminalia only slightly different from those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion curtirostre" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtirostre">Perapion curtirostre</taxonomicName>
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, mainly in more elongate tegminal plate and aedeagus. Sternite VIII broad, with very short and indistinct lobes. Sternite IX with slightly asymmetrical fork half as long as apodeme. Tegmen with phallobase as long as apodeme; tegminal plate fused, short, devoid of macrochaetae, with broadly and very deeply emarginate prostegium.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="start">Aedeagus</pageBreakToken>
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short and flattened, with pedon about 4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, membranous tectum and free apophyses less than 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pedon; endophallus finely and more or less evenly microspinose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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Female. Rostrum 1.00
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.15×">-1.15x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pronotum, 2.60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.75×">-2.75x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, in profile distinctly curved and equally high along its length (Fig. 4). Antennal insertion at basal 0.35-0.39 of rostrum. Abdominal ventrite V narrowly rounded apically. Tergite VIII broad and strongly transverse, uniformly slerotized. Sternite VIII with large and broad basal arms. Gonocoxites less than 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, without median string of sclerotisation; styli slightly elongate, shortly setose apically.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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Poland (E): Stare Stulno (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="51.3714">51.3714°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.6628">23.6628°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 1 VIII 2000, 4 exs, 2 VIII 2000, 10 exs, 5 VIII 2000, 10 exs, 7 VI 2001, 1 ex., 31 VII
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="54" start="start">2001</pageBreakToken>
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, 16 exs; Rudka nr. Wola Uhruska (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="51.2761">51.2761°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.6694">23.6694°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 15 VII 2002, 1 ex.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wołczyny">Wolczyny</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="51.4392">51.4392°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.6656">23.6656°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 6 VII 2002, 2 exs;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Orchówek-Obłonie">Orchowek-Oblonie</normalizedToken>
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||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="51.5291">51.5291°N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.595">23.5950°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 7 VII 2002, 2 exs;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sobibór">Sobibor</normalizedToken>
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||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="51.468">51.4680°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.6599">23.6599°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 6 VII 2002, 13 exs;
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kosyń">Kosyn</normalizedToken>
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||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="51.3903">51.3903°N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.575">23.5750°E</geoCoordinate>
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||
), 12 VII 2002, 7 exs;
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hniszów">Hniszow</normalizedToken>
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||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="51.2646">51.2646°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.7119">23.7119°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 15 VII 2002, 2 exs - all leg. et coll. MW.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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Ukraine (W): Podolia: Zvenihorod at Dniester riv.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.55">48.5500°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="26.2833">26.2833°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 25 VI 1996, 2 exs; Kamyanets Podilskiy,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.6667">48.6667°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="26.5667">26.5667°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 26 VI 1996, 2 exs - all leg. et coll. MW;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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Hungary:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén">Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen</normalizedToken>
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county:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Füzér">Fuezer</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hosszú-rét">Hosszu-ret</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.5644">48.5644°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="21.4324">21.4324°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 21.VII.2005, 3 ex., leg. Hegyessy G & S;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Alsószuha">Alsoszuha</normalizedToken>
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,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hideg-kút-völgy">Hideg-kut-voelgy</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.3586">48.3586°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="20.5144">20.5144°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 17 VI 2003, 5 exs, leg. HG - coll. AP (2 ex) and KMS (3 exs); Zalkod, Erkecse (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.1818">48.1818°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="21.4541">21.4541°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 10.VII.1993, 1 ex, leg. HG - coll.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="start">KMS</pageBreakToken>
|
||
; Szalonna,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köszvényeskút">Koeszvenyeskut</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.4612">48.4612°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="20.7086">20.7086°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 10.V.2007, 1 ex, leg. HG - coll. KMS;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tornaszentandrás">Tornaszentandras</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mile-völgy">Mile-voelgy</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.5066">48.5066°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="20.7853">20.7853°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 10.V.2007, 1 ex, leg. HG - coll. KMS;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mád">Mad</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Becsek (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.1826">48.1826°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="21.3056">21.3056°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 10.IV.2008, 1 ex, leg. HG & AP - coll. AP; Taktaszada:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ökör-mező">Oekoer-mezo</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.1122">48.1122°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="21.1504">21.1504°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 11.VI.2008, 1 ex, leg. HG - coll. KMS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Slovakia (S, E):
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Železné">Zelezne</normalizedToken>
|
||
env.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tornaľa">Tornaľa</normalizedToken>
|
||
-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Starňa">Starňa</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.4167">48.4167°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="20.4">20.4000°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 26 V 2006, 1 ♂, leg. et coll. T.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kopecký">Kopecky</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zemplínské">Zemplinske</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kopčany">Kopcany</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.5833">48.5833°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="21.8833">21.8833°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 14 VI 2000, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, leg. P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boža">Boza</normalizedToken>
|
||
- coll. S. Benedikt, 20 V 2002, 7 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, leg. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mantič">Mantic</normalizedToken>
|
||
- coll. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mantič">Mantic</normalizedToken>
|
||
& KS;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Turňa">Turňa</normalizedToken>
|
||
nad Bodvou (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.6">48.6000°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="20.8667">20.8667°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 9 VI 2001, 1 ♂, leg. R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fornůsek">Fornusek</normalizedToken>
|
||
- coll. S. Benedikt.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Russia: Kursk, 1 ex.; Orel [Oryol], 3 exs; Nikitskoe near Voronezh, 1 ex. - all coll. F. Schubert (in Naturhistorisches Museum Wien). W Siberia: Novosibirsk Area, Kochenevo distr., 43 km WNW of Kochenevo, Sektinskoye Lake, 27.05.1998, leg. R. Dudko & A. Legalov, det. A. Legalov, 6 exs - coll. KS (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀) and M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koštál">Kostal</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂ 1 ♀). Rostov reg.: Krasny Sulin distr.: Donleskhoz env. (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.8627">47.8627°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="40.2405">40.2405°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 12 VI 2004, 1 ex., leg. D. Kasatkin - coll. MW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Kyrgyzstan:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chüy">Chuey</normalizedToken>
|
||
province: Ala-Archa valley (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="42.6">42.6000°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="74.4833">74.4833°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), ca. 30 km S of Bishkek, above 1300 m alt., 4 VI 2003, 3 exs., leg. R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Królik">Krolik</normalizedToken>
|
||
- coll. MW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Austria?, Hungary*, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan*, Moldova, Poland (E), Russia (Central and South European Territory, Western Siberia), Slovakia (S and E), Ukraine, Uzbekistan (first records herein marked with asterisk).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Korotyaev, BA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="122 - 163" title="Materialy k poznaniyu zhukov nadsemeystva Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) fauny SSSR i sopredelnykh stran." volume="170" year="1987">Korotyaev (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected this weevil from broad-leaved sorrel species. The senior author (MW) collected it in Ukraine by general sweeping of wet meadows in the Dniester valley, where an unidentified broad-leaved sorrel was abundant.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poiras, AA" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft, Sofia - Moscow" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" title="Catalogue of the weevils and their host plants in the Republic of Moldova." year="1998">Poiras (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified the host plant as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex confertus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus">Rumex confertus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Willd. and, indeed, in Poland the weevil was collected exclusively from this sorrel species. In the Udmurt Republic
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dedyukhin, SV" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Udmurtskogo Universiteta, Seriya Biologiya i Nauki o Zemlye" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="34 - 48" title="Materialy k faune dolgonosikoobraznykh zhestkokrylykh (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) nationalnogo parka " Nechkinskiy "." volume="2" year="2009">Dedyukhin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
confirms the same host plant, but he collected adults also from the sorrels resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex crispus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispus">Rumex crispus</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. The life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unknown, but the adults were in Poland mostly beaten in summer from mature infruitescences, which may indicate larval feeding on developing seeds or eventually in fruit petioles, rather than in thick main stem or leaf petioles. In Poland teneral beetles were observed since mid-July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Korotyaev, BA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="122 - 163" title="Materialy k poznaniyu zhukov nadsemeystva Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) fauny SSSR i sopredelnykh stran." volume="170" year="1987">Korotyaev (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a specimen from the collection of ZIN labelled
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Austria”">"Austria"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, which was then approximately 800 km distant from the westernmost known locality in Moldova. This outstanding record was ignored by the authors of subsequent Centraleuropean weevil catalogues (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lucht, W" journalOrPublisher="Katalog. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" title="Die Kaefer Mitteleuropas." year="1987">Lucht 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhme">Boehme</normalizedToken>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" title="Apionidae. In: Loebl I, Smetana A (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 7: Curculionoidea I." year="2011">Alonso-Zarazaga 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but in the light of our current findings and proximity of current Slovak and Hungarian localities, this opinion should be verified and the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Austria should be considered as likely, though obviously requiring confirmation with new data. Unfortunately, the information on distribution of its host plant in Austria is poor and equivocal. It was missing from the first two editions of Austrian Excursionsflora by
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Fritsch (1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it was noticed from Austria since at least mid-20th c. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Tutin et al. 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Then
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Jalas and Suominen (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="56" start="start">not</pageBreakToken>
|
||
justify Austrian records of this sorrel, and they were consequently removed from the revised editions of Flora Europaea. Most recently the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex confertus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus">Rumex confertus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Austria has been confirmed in the departments of Wien,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Niederösterreich">Niederoesterreich</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Steiermark and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kärnten">Kaernten</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fischer et al. 2008), but the history of its invasion(s) remains unclear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
The occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Poland, as based on the abovementioned data, was earlier generally announced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wanat, M" journalOrPublisher="Genus" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" pagination="69 - 117" title="A new checklist of the weevils of Poland (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)." volume="16" year="2005">Wanat and Mokrzycki (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and further confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gosik, R" journalOrPublisher="Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio C" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="7 - 69" title="Weevils (Curculionoidea) of the middle part of the Bug River Valley." volume="61" year="2006">Gosik (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Analogously, the weevil has been just placed on the list in Slovakia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Benedikt et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The range of this weevil in Poland seems still strictly limited to the southern section of the Bug River Valley, which constitutes there the country border between Poland and Ukraine, but one of the listed localities (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kosyń">Kosyn</normalizedToken>
|
||
) is situated ca. 18 km
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“inland”">"inland"</normalizedToken>
|
||
West of the river. Along the Bug River Valley the southernmost site is
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gródek">Grodek</normalizedToken>
|
||
near
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hrubieszów">Hrubieszow</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gosik, R" journalOrPublisher="Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio C" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="7 - 69" title="Weevils (Curculionoidea) of the middle part of the Bug River Valley." volume="61" year="2006">Gosik 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (lat/long approximately
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="50.79">50.79°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="23.96">23.96°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), while the remaining seven sites are situated between
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hniszów">Hniszow</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Orchówek">Orchowek</normalizedToken>
|
||
, which is the northermost locality of this species in Poland (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="51.5291">51.5291°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.595">23.5950°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Searching for the weevil in 2002-2003 in similar sites rich of the host plant but laying North along the Bug valley, i.e. in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Parośla">Parosla</normalizedToken>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sławatycze">Slawatycze</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="51.8099">51.8099°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.6206">23.6206°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Mielnik (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="52.3328">52.3328°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="23.0225">23.0225°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kózki">Kozki</normalizedToken>
|
||
nr. Siemiatycze (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="52.3605">52.3605°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="22.866">22.8660°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), brought negative results. Nevertheless, in Russia the weevil was found up to 54.5°N in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ul’yanovsk">Ul'yanovsk</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Korotyaev, BA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="122 - 163" title="Materialy k poznaniyu zhukov nadsemeystva Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) fauny SSSR i sopredelnykh stran." volume="170" year="1987">Korotyaev 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and even 57°N in the Udmurt Republic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dedyukhin, SV" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Udmurtskogo Universiteta, Seriya Biologiya i Nauki o Zemlye" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="34 - 48" title="Materialy k faune dolgonosikoobraznykh zhestkokrylykh (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) nationalnogo parka " Nechkinskiy "." volume="2" year="2009">Dedyukhin 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the northernmost Siberian sites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Legalov, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zhivotnyi Mir Daln'ego Vostoka, Blagoveshtschensk," pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="105 - 116" title="Spisok zhukov semeystv Nemonychidae, Urodontidae, Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae i Brentidae (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) Aziatskoy Rossii." volume="4" year="2002">Legalov 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), despite of continental climate. Thus the Lower Bug Valley seems to be the most obvious natural area for further spreading of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Poland and presently limited range of the weevil there may indicate a stage of current invasion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex confertus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus">Rumex confertus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an invasive plant in Europe, and its natural range ends probably close to Southeastern Poland, in Southern Slovakia and Hungary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Rechinger and Schreiber 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Tutin et al. 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Jalas and Suominen 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dostal, J" journalOrPublisher="Akademia, Praha" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" title="Nova kvetena CSSR." year="1989">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dostál">Dostal</normalizedToken>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jehlik, V" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Lithuanica" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="235 - 244" title="Chorology and ecology of Rumex confertus Willd. in the Czech Republic." volume="7" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jehlík">Jehlik</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, although it is known from the Bug River Valley in Poland since 1873 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eichler, B" journalOrPublisher="Wrzechswiat" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="814 - 815" title="Korespondencya do Wrzechswiata." volume="11" year="1892">
|
||
Eichler and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łapczyński">Lapczynski</normalizedToken>
|
||
1892
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), its autochtonous status in Poland is doubtful. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Trzcinska-Tacik, H" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="73 - 84" title="Studies on the distribution of synanthropic plants. 2. Rumex confertus Willd. in Poland." volume="9" year="1963">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Trzcińska-Tacik">Trzcinska-Tacik</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1963)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Tacik (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who studied distribution of this sorrel species in most detail, its natural range North of the Carpathians rather ends in Western Ukraine. Its spreading to the West of Poland started probably since 1950 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Tokarska-Guzik 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and currently it appears a common plant in Poland east of the Vistula river, reaching even the Baltic coast to the North, and it has many diffused localities also in the Western Poland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Trzcinska-Tacik, H" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="73 - 84" title="Studies on the distribution of synanthropic plants. 2. Rumex confertus Willd. in Poland." volume="9" year="1963">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Trzcińska-Tacik">Trzcinska-Tacik</normalizedToken>
|
||
1963
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zając">Zajac</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zając">Zajac</normalizedToken>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stosik, T" journalOrPublisher="Prace Komisji Nauk Rolniczych i Biologicznych Bydgoskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego, Seria B" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="71 - 81" title="Ekspansja Rumex confertus Willd. w kontekscie jego biologii." volume="59" year="2006">Stosik 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It extends its range widely also to the North, being probably introduced to Skandinavia with the Soviet army transports since the very early 20th century in Finland, and about mid 20th century in Norway and Sweden (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Snogerup 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is now widespread also in Baltic countries and treated as invasive plant in Lithuania (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gudzinskas, Z" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Lithuanica" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="313 - 326" volume="5" year="1999">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gudžinskas">Gudzinskas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Southern stream of its invasion to Central Europe seems less active. The plant is still very rare in Czech Rep. with just a few isolated and ephemeral localities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jehlik, V" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Lithuanica" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="235 - 244" title="Chorology and ecology of Rumex confertus Willd. in the Czech Republic." volume="7" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jehlík">Jehlik</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, as stated above, it has quite similar status in Austria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Following current distribution of the host plant, further expansion of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Central Europe from the sites showed in Fig. 12 seems very likely especially through
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="57" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
territory of Poland, and it could be monitored quite easily by summer sweeping of mature inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex confertus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus">Rumex confertus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The same method should be applied on stabilized localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex confertus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus">Rumex confertus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Austria to record its occurrence and expansion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Figure 12. Westernmost recent localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perapion connexum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexum">Perapion connexum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schilsky) in Central Europe mentioned in the text (circles - new records; black square - record by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gosik, R" journalOrPublisher="Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio C" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" pagination="7 - 69" title="Weevils (Curculionoidea) of the middle part of the Bug River Valley." volume="61" year="2006">Gosik (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gródek">Grodek</normalizedToken>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hrubieszów">Hrubieszow</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Poland; black triangle - record by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mazur, M" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="277 - 310" title="Chrzaszcze Miodoborow (Zachodnia Ukraina). I. Ryjkowce (Coleoptera: Attelabidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae) - wyniki ekspedycji w latach 1993 - 1994." volume="63" year="1994">
|
||
Mazur and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kuśka">Kuska</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in Vikno, Ukraine).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |