476 lines
61 KiB
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476 lines
61 KiB
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<mods:title id="775D2E50496E58127BAE72769213A460">New Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Agulhas ecoregion of temperate southern Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="5628CD27E898AE74444A02F460845FFF">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa. & tsamaai @ environment. gov. za; Toufiek. samaai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7269 - 293 X & Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries: Fisheries Research and Development, Private Bag X 2, Vlaeberg 8018, South Africa. & Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="06DA1C27F35AC5F9BE96E9A5711918E6">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa. & tsamaai @ environment. gov. za; Toufiek. samaai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7269 - 293 X & Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries: Fisheries Research and Development, Private Bag X 2, Vlaeberg 8018, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C500F7E0BB13A81D6CD05953AC6BAC1F">Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. & tsamaai @ environment. gov. za; Toufiek. samaai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7269 - 293 X</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0A5787DEA96CFFD9FF5C6E78FBD896A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4391116" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176340988" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4391116" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A5787DEA96CFFD9FF5C6E78FBD896A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A5787DEA96CFFD9FF5C6E78FBD896A4" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="17" pageNumber="426">
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<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96CFFDBFF5C6E78FB929079" ID-CoL="84VH6" authority=" Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly and Davies-Coleman, 2003: 19 - 20" authorityName=" Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly and Davies-Coleman" authorityPageNumber="19 - 20" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,1062,1878,1905]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="426" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96CFFDBFF5C6E78FE9B9078" bold="true" box="[151,303,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="426">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
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(
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subgen. nov.)
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<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96CFFDBFDB16E78FCA49078" bold="true" box="[634,784,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="426">pedunculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A96CFFDBFCDC6E78FB929079" author="Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. & Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M." box="[791,1062,1878,1905]" pageId="17" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref26875" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerid): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa, 371 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 371.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Samaai & Kelly, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96CFFDBFF6B6E55FF45909C" box="[160,241,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Tsitsikamma (C.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.2: A. In-situ image of holotype; B, C. Isospinodiscorhabds from holotype; D. Skeletal architecture of holotype showing thick ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal spicule tracts. Tsitsikamma (C.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019, specimen SAMC-A090893: E. Preserved specimen; F. Isochiadiscorhabds; G. Skeletal architecture showing ill-formed, irregular reticulation of anisostyles, a thick ectosome and a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390711/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="426">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96CFFDBFF376E55FEFB909C" box="[252,335,1915,1941]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of South African Tsitsikamma species." pageId="17" pageNumber="426">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96CFFDBFE966E55FED8909C" box="[349,364,1915,1941]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,239,476,500]" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule dimensions (μm) of type material of Tsitsikamma (Clavicaulis subgen. nov.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, T. (C. subgen. nov.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019 and T. (C.) madiba subgen. et sp. nov." pageId="17" pageNumber="426">4</tableCitation>
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)
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|
||
<treatmentCitation id="035F10D9A96CFFDBFF5C6E91FBB590DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6276877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6276877" author="Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. & Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M." box="[151,1025,1983,2007]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87D76714FF81FEB5FB10BF3FEA88" page="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="426" year="2003">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96CFFDBFF5C6E91FBB590DE" ID-CoL="84VH6" authority=", Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly and Davies-Coleman, 2003: 19 - 20" authorityName=", Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly and Davies-Coleman" authorityPageNumber="19 - 20" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,1025,1983,2007]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="426" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96CFFDBFF5C6E91FE2B90DE" box="[151,415,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="426">Tsitsikamma pedunculata,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A96CFFDBFE6E6E91FBB590DE" author="Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. & Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M." box="[421,1025,1983,2007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref26875" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerid): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa, 371 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 371.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly and Davies-Coleman, 2003: 19–20</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3G, 4F, 6B.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A96CFFDBFF5C6EF0FC6E90FF" blockId="17.[151,1194,1983,2038]" box="[151,986,2014,2038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96CFFDBFF5C6EF0FCBD90FF" ID-CoL="84VH6" authority=", Parker-Nance et al. 2019: 109 - 112" authorityName="Parker-Nance" authorityPageNumber="109 - 112" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,777,2014,2038]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="426" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96CFFDBFF5C6EF0FE2C90FF" box="[151,408,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="426">Tsitsikamma pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
, Parker-Nance
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96CFFDBFDFD6EF1FDD790FF" box="[566,611,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="426">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019: 109–112
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, figure 2a–l; table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CAE46543A96FFFD8FF5C69B8FBA997F0" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A96FFFD8FF5C69B8FC2097DC" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FF5C69B8FE3497B9" bold="true" box="[151,384,150,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="32963C95A96FFFD8FE4E69B9FC2097DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3005534301" collectingDate="1999-02-25" collectionCode="CRRF" collectorName="Patrick L. Colin" county="Thunderbolt Reef" elevation="40" latitude="-34.053" location="St. Francis Bay" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="25.689" municipality="Recife" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" specimenCode="NHMUK 2003.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5D45886AA96FFFD8FE4E69B9FE5997B8" box="[389,493,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE2569B9FDBE97B8" bold="true" box="[494,522,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">—</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="D2589EB3A96FFFD8FDC169B9FD7F97B8" box="[522,715,151,177]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" type="Museum">NHMUK 2003.1</specimenCode>
|
||
.10.2,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6B204E44A96FFFD8FCC069B9FC6797B8" box="[779,979,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Thunderbolt Reef</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="403AF82AA96FFFD8FC1669B9FBA397B8" box="[989,1047,151,177]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6225ACB2A96FFFD8FBD769B9FBDC97B8" box="[1052,1128,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Recife</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="87216013A96FFFD8FBB869B9FAA997B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A5787DEA96CFFD9FF5C6E78FBD896A4:87216013A96FFFD8FBB869B9FAA997B8" box="[1139,1309,151,177]" county="Thunderbolt Reef" latitude="-34.053" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="25.689" municipality="Recife" name="St. Francis Bay" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" stateProvince="Western Cape">St. Francis Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7CA500FA96FFFD8FAEC69B8FA2397B8" box="[1319,1431,150,177]" degrees="34.053" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" precision="55" value="-34.053">34.053° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7CA500FA96FFFD8FF5C6994FEBD97DC" box="[151,265,186,213]" degrees="25.689" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" precision="55" value="25.689">25.689° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FEDE6995FEE497DC" box="[277,336,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="40.0">
|
||
<elevation id="09D3D1FBA96FFFD8FEDE6995FEE497DC" box="[277,336,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="2F0B531EA96FFFD8FE206995FD1697DC" box="[491,674,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Patrick L. Colin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E4EFAE0DA96FFFD8FD666995FD4197DC" box="[685,757,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">CRRF</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F6401008A96FFFD8FCCB6994FC3B97DC" box="[768,911,186,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" value="1999-02-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E604E9E0A96FFFD8FCCB6994FC3B97DC" box="[768,911,186,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" value="1999-02-25">25 Feb 1999</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A96FFFD8FF0C69F1FBA997F0" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1005]" box="[199,1053,222,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="32963C95A96FFFD8FF0C69F1FBAD97F0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3005534323" box="[199,1049,222,249]" country="South Africa" county="Agulhas" location="St. Francis Bay" municipality="Algoa Bay" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FF0C69F1FED297F1" bold="true" box="[199,358,222,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5D45886AA96FFFD8FF0C69F1FEB697F0" box="[199,258,223,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="87216013A96FFFD8FEA769F1FDAD97F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A5787DEA96CFFD9FF5C6E78FBD896A4:87216013A96FFFD8FEA769F1FDAD97F0" box="[364,537,223,249]" country="South Africa" county="Agulhas" municipality="Algoa Bay" name="St. Francis Bay" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">St. Francis Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6225ACB2A96FFFD8FDE869F1FD2897F0" box="[547,668,223,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Algoa Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6B204E44A96FFFD8FD6D69F1FCB797F0" box="[678,771,223,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Agulhas</collectingCounty>
|
||
ecoregion,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FAE97658A96FFFD8FC4C69F1FBAD97F0" box="[903,1049,223,249]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CAE46543A96FFFD8FF0C682CFCD49614" box="[199,864,258,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A96FFFD8FF0C682CFCD49614" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1005]" box="[199,864,258,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FF0C682CFED59615" bold="true" box="[199,353,258,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Algoa Bay, Agulhas ecoregion,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FAE97658A96FFFD8FD01682DFCE89614" box="[714,860,259,285]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CAE46543A96FFFD8FF0C6808FEFE94E4" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A96FFFD8FF0C6808FEFE94E4" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FF0C6808FEF69649" bold="true" box="[199,322,294,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Sponge pedunculate, body
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FDB16808FD059648" box="[634,689,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, up to
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FCA26809FC159648" box="[873,929,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, stalk
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FBED6809FBCD9648" box="[1062,1145,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, surface smooth and crowded with small, button-shaped oscules,
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FD5D6864FCBF966C" box="[662,779,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FC976865FC14966C" box="[860,928,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and with numerous circular fungiform areolate porefields,
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FEB86840FE7B9680" box="[371,463,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FDD36841FDEC9680" box="[536,600,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, without membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96FFFD8FCB66841FC579680" box="[893,995,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Tsitsikamma (C.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.2: A. In-situ image of holotype; B, C. Isospinodiscorhabds from holotype; D. Skeletal architecture of holotype showing thick ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal spicule tracts. Tsitsikamma (C.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019, specimen SAMC-A090893: E. Preserved specimen; F. Isochiadiscorhabds; G. Skeletal architecture showing ill-formed, irregular reticulation of anisostyles, a thick ectosome and a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390711/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A very tough leathery purse surrounds a much softer choanosome that pulls away from the outer case upon collection. Sponge is extremely resilient, leathery and compressible; colour in life is salmon pink to pinkish brown; between the oscules and areolate porefields the colour is dark pink (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96FFFD8FE6968F5FDBD96FC" box="[418,521,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Tsitsikamma (C.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.2: A. In-situ image of holotype; B, C. Isospinodiscorhabds from holotype; D. Skeletal architecture of holotype showing thick ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal spicule tracts. Tsitsikamma (C.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019, specimen SAMC-A090893: E. Preserved specimen; F. Isochiadiscorhabds; G. Skeletal architecture showing ill-formed, irregular reticulation of anisostyles, a thick ectosome and a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390711/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
); some specimens might appear as turquoise to dark purple
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FB6E68F5FB5E96FD" box="[1189,1258,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
under low light conditions (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96FFFD8FE8368D1FE3D9510" box="[328,393,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,856,880]" captionTargetBox="[359,1231,237,831]" captionTargetId="figure-49@3.[357,1231,237,833]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution of the two major ocean currents that sweep the coastal regions of South Africa; the warm Agulhas current on the south and east coasts, and the cold Benguela current on the west coast. Green circles indicate areas of coastal upwelling." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390687/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FEB068D1FE3D9510" box="[379,393,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="in" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in Parker-Nance
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FD8568D1FD349510" box="[590,640,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019); In alcohol, the ectosome is either brown, olive green, cream to tan colour and the choanosome is dark brown or tan. In preservative the ectosome is brown, the choanosome is dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96FFFD8FF266B69FEE09568" box="[237,340,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Tsitsikamma (C.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.2: A. In-situ image of holotype; B, C. Isospinodiscorhabds from holotype; D. Skeletal architecture of holotype showing thick ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal spicule tracts. Tsitsikamma (C.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019, specimen SAMC-A090893: E. Preserved specimen; F. Isochiadiscorhabds; G. Skeletal architecture showing ill-formed, irregular reticulation of anisostyles, a thick ectosome and a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390711/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The choanosome consists of a thick ‘purse’ of tangential megascleres (the ectosome) surrounding a much softer choanosome containing an irregular reticulation of wispy tracts of smaller styles; the choanosome detaches and falls away from the ectosomal purse when bought from the water (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96FFFD8FC3D6BA1FBE895A0" box="[1014,1116,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Tsitsikamma (C.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.2: A. In-situ image of holotype; B, C. Isospinodiscorhabds from holotype; D. Skeletal architecture of holotype showing thick ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal spicule tracts. Tsitsikamma (C.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019, specimen SAMC-A090893: E. Preserved specimen; F. Isochiadiscorhabds; G. Skeletal architecture showing ill-formed, irregular reticulation of anisostyles, a thick ectosome and a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390711/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ectosome is composed of a thick, dense feltwork of tangential and paratangential anisostyles. A single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome. Megascleres (
|
||
<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96FFFD8FD7F6BF9FCA095F8" box="[692,788,727,753]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of South African Tsitsikamma species." pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96FFFD8FCE86BF9FC8695F8" box="[803,818,727,753]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,239,476,500]" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule dimensions (μm) of type material of Tsitsikamma (Clavicaulis subgen. nov.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, T. (C. subgen. nov.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019 and T. (C.) madiba subgen. et sp. nov." pageId="18" pageNumber="427">4</tableCitation>
|
||
) are styles, in two sizes: (1) slightly curved, thickened centrally 684 (591–728) × 16 μm; (2) thinner slightly curved centrally 536 (500–555) × 11 μm. Microscleres (
|
||
<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96FFFD8FA996BD5FF119430" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of South African Tsitsikamma species." pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96FFFD8FF7E6A31FF709430" box="[181,196,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,239,476,500]" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule dimensions (μm) of type material of Tsitsikamma (Clavicaulis subgen. nov.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, T. (C. subgen. nov.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019 and T. (C.) madiba subgen. et sp. nov." pageId="18" pageNumber="427">4</tableCitation>
|
||
) are isochiadiscorhabd (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96FFFD8FE176A31FDD09430" box="[476,612,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Tsitsikamma (C.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.2: A. In-situ image of holotype; B, C. Isospinodiscorhabds from holotype; D. Skeletal architecture of holotype showing thick ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal spicule tracts. Tsitsikamma (C.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019, specimen SAMC-A090893: E. Preserved specimen; F. Isochiadiscorhabds; G. Skeletal architecture showing ill-formed, irregular reticulation of anisostyles, a thick ectosome and a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390711/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Fig. 11B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two whorls of cylindrical-conical tubercles, median whorl absent, the apex of each tubercular projection is acanthose: 29 (27–30) × 7 μm. Sponge is found in an exposed coastal bay (Algoa Bay) rooted in sandy substrata, abundant between
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FCEA6A49FC3C9488" box="[801,904,871,897]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="37.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="34.0">
|
||
34–
|
||
<specimenCount id="94F8FD41A96FFFD8FC806A49FC3C9488" box="[843,904,871,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. The sponge contains biologically active pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids, discorhabdin V and discorhabdin derivatives +14-Bromo-3-dihydrodiscorhabdin C that may have pharmacological potential [Cytotoxicity against Human Colon Tumour cell line (HCT 116)] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A96FFFD8FAE96A81FF4294E4" author="Antunes, E. M. & Beukes, D. R. & Kelly, M. & Samaai, T. & Barrows, L. R. & Marshall, K. M." pageId="18" pageNumber="427" pagination="1268 - 1276" refId="ref24676" refString="Antunes, E. M., Beukes, D. R., Kelly, M., Samaai, T., Barrows, L. R. & Marshall, K. M. (2004) Cytotoxic pyrroloiminoquinones from four new species of South African latrunculid sponges. Journal of Natural Products, 67, 1268 - 1276. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / np 034084 b" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Antunes
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FA436A81FF1994E4" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A96FFFD8FECA6AFCFE8A94E4" author="Antunes, E. M. & Copp, B. R. & Davies-Coleman, M. T. & Samaai, T." box="[257,318,978,1005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" pagination="62 - 72" refId="ref24751" refString="Antunes, E. M., Copp, B. R., Davies-Coleman, M. T. & Samaai, T. (2005) Pyrroloiminoquinone and related metabolites from marine sponges. Natural Products Reports, 22, 62 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1039 / b 407299 p" type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="D6816640A96FFFD8FF5C6F69FC3491E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4390711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390711/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" startId="18.[151,250,1607,1631]" targetBox="[314,1274,1029,1583]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A96FFFD8FF5C6F69FC3491E6" blockId="18.[151,1437,1607,1775]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FF5C6F69FE949156" bold="true" box="[151,288,1607,1631]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FEEC6F69FE119156" box="[295,421,1607,1631]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FEEC6F69FE119156" box="[295,421,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FE666F69FCFD9156" authority="Samaai & Kelly, 2003" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly" authorityYear="2003" box="[429,841,1607,1631]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata" subGenus="Clavicaulis">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE7E6F66FE729156" box="[437,454,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">C</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE166F69FDEE9156" box="[477,602,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A96FFFD8FDA96F69FCFD9156" author="Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. & Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M." box="[610,841,1607,1631]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref26875" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerid): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa, 371 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 371.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Samaai & Kelly, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.2: A. In-situ image of holotype; B, C. Isospinodiscorhabds from holotype; D. Skeletal architecture of holotype showing thick ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal spicule tracts.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FE7A6FA1FD9B91AE" box="[433,559,1679,1703]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE7A6FA1FD9B91AE" box="[433,559,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FDFF6FA1FC3D91AE" authority="Parker-Nance, 2019" authorityName="Parker-Nance" authorityYear="2019" box="[564,905,1679,1703]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="michaeli" subGenus="Clavicaulis">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FDF66FBEFDFA91AE" box="[573,590,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">C</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FDAA6FA1FD0C91AE" box="[609,696,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
Parker-Nance, 2019
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen SAMC-A090893: E. Preserved specimen; F. Isochiadiscorhabds; G. Skeletal architecture showing ill-formed, irregular reticulation of anisostyles, a thick ectosome and a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CAE46543A96FFFD9FF0C6E30FBD896A4" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A96FFFD8FF0C6E30FBF290AA" blockId="18.[151,1437,1821,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FF0C6E30FE809031" bold="true" box="[199,308,1822,1848]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FE8E6E33FE64903E" box="[325,464,1821,1847]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE8E6E33FE64903E" box="[325,464,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE296E30FE419031" box="[482,501,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FDCE6E30FD2F9031" bold="true" box="[517,667,1822,1848]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">subgen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FD656E33FC8C903E" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly" authorityYear="2003" box="[686,824,1821,1847]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FD656E33FC8C903E" box="[686,824,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a single specimen, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5D45886AA96FFFD8FAF86E33FA2C903E" box="[1331,1432,1821,1847]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and was considered rare. Currently, the species is found to be abundant on deep reef systems between
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96FFFD8FAFC6E6CFA299055" box="[1335,1437,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="37.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="34.0">34–40 m</quantity>
|
||
(Parker-Nance
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE896E48FEC19076" box="[322,373,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019). Note that the
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FDB96E48FD0E9076" box="[626,698,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">in-situ</emphasis>
|
||
photographs of turquoise to dark purple specimens, observed by Parker-Nance
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FEF36EA4FEDD90AA" box="[312,361,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2019), are due to low light conditions during the survey period.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A96FFFD9FF0C6E83FBD896A4" blockId="18.[151,1437,1821,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FF0C6E83FE7690C1" box="[199,450,1965,1992]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="423" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus" subGenus="Tsitsikamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FF0C6E83FEE690CE" box="[199,338,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FEAA6E80FEC590CE" box="[353,369,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE4C6E80FE7690C1" box="[391,450,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FE046E80FD1990CE" authority="Samaai & Kelly & Ngwakum & Payne & Teske & Janson & Kerwath & Parker & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly & Ngwakum & Payne & Teske & Janson & Kerwath & Parker & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[463,685,1965,1992]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="415" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amatholensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tsitsikamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE046E80FE5190CE" box="[463,485,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">T.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FE386E80FDB790CE" box="[499,515,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FDD26E83FD1990CE" box="[537,685,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">amatholensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FD786E80FCBF90C1" bold="true" box="[691,779,1966,1992]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABB957A1A96FFFD8FD786E80FCBF90C1" box="[691,779,1966,1992]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FCD36E80FC9990CE" box="[792,813,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">T.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FCF76E80FCFB90C1" box="[828,847,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FC906E80FC5990C1" bold="true" box="[859,1005,1966,1992]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">subgen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FC366E83FB3390CE" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly" authorityYear="2003" box="[1021,1159,1965,1991]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FC366E83FB3390CE" box="[1021,1159,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FB706E80FB7F90CE" box="[1211,1227,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">T</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FB2A6E80FB4090C1" box="[1249,1268,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FACA6E80FA2790C1" bold="true" box="[1281,1427,1966,1992]" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">subgen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96FFFD8FF5C6EFFFF4390E2" authorityName="Parker-Nance" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,247,2001,2027]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96FFFD8FF5C6EFFFF4390E2" box="[151,247,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="427">michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sympatric in Algoa Bay, but distinguishable in the field based on colouration and external morphology (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96EFFD9FF0769B9FE9597B8" box="[204,289,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of South African Tsitsikamma species." pageId="19" pageNumber="428">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96EFFD9FEFB69B9FECC97B8" box="[304,376,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[367,1219,1151,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-501@9.[367,1219,1151,1810]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Variation in in situ morphology and colouration of Tsitsikamma favus Samaai & Kelly, 2002. Specimens collected from (A) Tsitsikamma National Park, (B) St. Francis Bay, (C) Tsitsikamma National Park, (D) Grootbank, Plettenberg Bay, (E) Algoa Bay, (F) St. Francis Bay, (G) Algoa Bay, (H) Jeffreys Bay, (I) Jeffreys Bay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390703/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7CA500FA96EFFD9FEA269B9FECC97B8" box="[361,376,151,177]" degrees="8, 10" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="428" precision="555" value="8.1">8</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96EFFD9FE4D69B9FE0297B8" box="[390,438,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,561,1214]" captionTargetId="figure-165@15.[314,1274,561,1214]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tsitsikamma (T.) scurra Samaai & Kelly, 2003, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.3: A. Preserved holotype; B, C. Isospinodiscorhabds from holotype; D. Skeletal architecture from holotype showing the ectosome (dark band) and choanosome of Tsitsikamma (T.) scurra. Tsitsikamma (T.) amatholensis sp. nov.: E. Preserved paratype SAMC-A090877; F–H. Isochiadiscorhabds from paratype; I. Preserved holotype SAMC-A090878; J–L. Isochiadiscorhabds from holotype; M. Skeletal architecture of holotype showing ill-formed, irregular reticulation of anisostyles and a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390709/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">10E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA96EFFD9FE0869B9FE4297B8" box="[451,502,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[314,1274,1029,1583]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Tsitsikamma (C.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.2: A. In-situ image of holotype; B, C. Isospinodiscorhabds from holotype; D. Skeletal architecture of holotype showing thick ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal spicule tracts. Tsitsikamma (C.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019, specimen SAMC-A090893: E. Preserved specimen; F. Isochiadiscorhabds; G. Skeletal architecture showing ill-formed, irregular reticulation of anisostyles, a thick ectosome and a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds lines the surface of the ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390711/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FDC069B9FD9497B9" box="[523,544,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FDFA69B9FDF097B8" box="[561,580,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FD9869B9FD5C97B8" bold="true" box="[595,744,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">subgen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96EFFD9FD3269B9FC3797B8" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly" authorityYear="2003" box="[761,899,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FD3269B9FC3797B8" box="[761,899,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is either salmon pink and stalked;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96EFFD9FAD869B9FA2897B8" box="[1299,1436,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus" subGenus="Tsitsikamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FAD869B9FA9C97B9" box="[1299,1320,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FAF269B9FAFD97B9" box="[1337,1353,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FAAA69B9FA2897B8" box="[1377,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is semispherical and dark brown;
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FDDA6995FD9597DD" box="[529,545,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FDF36995FDFF97DC" box="[568,587,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FD936995FD5897DC" bold="true" box="[600,748,187,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">subgen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96EFFD9FD376995FCE897DC" authorityName="Parker-Nance" authorityYear="2019" box="[764,860,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FD376995FCE897DC" box="[764,860,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is small olive green purse-like with short stalk-like structure (due to thickening of the ectosome) or sessile (see fig.
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA96EFFD9FC9D69F1FC3497F0" box="[854,896,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="19" pageNumber="428" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
Parker-Nance
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FBEE69F1FBE197F0" box="[1061,1109,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96EFFD9FB6469F1FA8E97F0" box="[1199,1338,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FB6469F1FA8E97F0" box="[1199,1338,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FA8269F1FAD797F0" box="[1353,1379,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">C.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FAA269F1FEB49614" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">subgen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96EFFD9FEDA682DFE2F9614" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly" authorityYear="2003" box="[273,411,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FEDA682DFE2F9614" box="[273,411,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have a purse-like ectosome, being very leathery, forming a single chamber as opposed to the numerous honeycomb chambers typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96EFFD9FD0E6809FCF99648" box="[709,845,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus" subGenus="Tsitsikamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FD0E6809FD6E9649" box="[709,730,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FD216809FD4E9649" box="[746,762,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FCD96809FCF99648" box="[786,845,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The key taxonomic differences are the morphology and size of the isochiadiscorhabd; in
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FDF26865FDFB966D" box="[569,591,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T.</emphasis>
|
||
(C.
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FD4B6865FCA7966C" bold="true" box="[640,787,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">subgen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96EFFD9FCEF6865FC1A966C" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly" authorityYear="2003" box="[804,942,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FCEF6865FC1A966C" box="[804,942,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is much smaller, has only two cylindrical conical tubercules which is arranged in groups of three and the primary megascleres are slightly smaller and thinner in comparison to
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FE9168BDFEDE96A5" box="[346,362,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FE4A68BDFE2096A4" box="[385,404,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FE6968BDFD8196A4" bold="true" box="[418,565,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">subgen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96EFFD9FD8E68BDFD1196A4" authorityName="Parker-Nance" authorityYear="2019" box="[581,677,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FD8E68BDFD1196A4" box="[581,677,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA96EFFD9FD1768BDFCD796A4" box="[732,867,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus" subGenus="Tsitsikamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FD1768BDFD4596A5" box="[732,753,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FCCA68BDFCA596A5" box="[769,785,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA96EFFD9FCE368BDFCD796A4" box="[808,867,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="428">favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96EFFD9FC5568BDFC4F96A4" box="[926,1019,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of South African Tsitsikamma species." pageId="19" pageNumber="428">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96EFFD9FBC268BDFBA396A4" box="[1033,1047,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule dimensions (μm) of type material of Tsitsikamma (Tsitsikamma) favus Samaai & Kelly, 2002, T. (T.) scurra Samaai & Kelly, 2003 and T. (T.) nguni Parker-Nance, 2019." pageId="19" pageNumber="428">2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A96EFFD9FB8568BDFBEB96A4" box="[1102,1119,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,239,476,500]" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule dimensions (μm) of type material of Tsitsikamma (Clavicaulis subgen. nov.) pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, T. (C. subgen. nov.) michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019 and T. (C.) madiba subgen. et sp. nov." pageId="19" pageNumber="428">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |