treatments-xml/data/03/CB/28/03CB28689223FFBEFF6ED38BD24AA34E.xml
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<document id="D685F19D1ED21B0427004A1A077AB448" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4227.1.2" ID-CLB-Dataset="37241" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4227.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1fcc6b34-e755-445e-960e-e0f79824e7ce" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266365" ID-ZooBank="1F5CDFA2-AA4D-490E-9950-5C2EB02C556A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1485933035236" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Jia-Hui, Gopurenko, David, Cai, Du-Cheng, Yang, Ye-Meng, Hu, Rong, Thepparat, Arunrat, Wardhana, April H., Kim, Heung-Chul, Klein, Terry A., Kim, Myung-Soon &amp; Bellis, Glenn A." docDate="2017" docId="03CB28689223FFBEFF6ED38BD24AA34E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4227.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4227 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culicoides palawanensis Delfinado" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFF250109227FFBAFFF9D31CD07DA663" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the Dongzhaigang mangrove forest, Hainan Province, China" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698436556439" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="833FBF595507D25ED6D653FBD1A6F159">Culicoides Latreille biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the Dongzhaigang mangrove forest, Hainan Province, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D04774685B65A4791CA93382151B41C8">Li, Jia-Hui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4E82290D74239A2EF315012058DE201">Gopurenko, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1FD08A5335160B70D73562E1AC412502">Cai, Du-Cheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B84AABEF0141862597B3E4FE43DF024">Yang, Ye-Meng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5122733653187BB969986551B69829A">Hu, Rong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3C25A304F2342583BCBE5EC4CB381E9">Thepparat, Arunrat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31C995196B67008F44BD4176B32ECB5F">Wardhana, April H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65FB0D05C83C4D050E67662CB6378A93">Kim, Heung-Chul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6E7CF4883BAFFC8A3AD8B6848E9414DB">Klein, Terry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C74427983939AF4E609539F249A09C6">Kim, Myung-Soon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0BFA5BF8E884CF5ABB243ADA74A3896">Bellis, Glenn A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="32A12C515AE19F61E4A6C377E9716B44">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CB28689223FFBEFF6ED38BD24AA34E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5696592" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127629198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5696592" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB28689223FFBEFF6ED38BD24AA34E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB28689223FFBEFF6ED38BD24AA34E" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="C378CAF59223FFBEFF6ED38BD23CA6D1" box="[151,577,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFF6ED38BD23CA6D1" ID-CoL="32D43" authority="Delfinado" authorityName="Delfinado" box="[151,577,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFF6ED38BD23CA6D1" bold="true" box="[151,577,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFF6ED38BD1BDA6D2" bold="true" box="[151,448,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Culicoides palawanensis</emphasis>
Delfinado
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</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378CAF59223FFBEFF6ED3C2D216A697" box="[151,619,222,244]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB72BE509223FFBEFF6ED3C2D216A697" box="[151,619,222,244]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFF6ED3C2D216A697" ID-CoL="32D43" authority="Delfinado 1961: 648" authorityName="Delfinado" authorityPageNumber="648" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,619,222,244]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFF6ED3C2D1EEA697" box="[151,403,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Culicoides palawanensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC3BF6F9223FFBEFE63D3C2D216A697" author="Delfinado" box="[410,619,222,244]" page="648" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E48F9223FFBEFE63D3C2D246A697" author="Delfinado" box="[410,571,222,244]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Delfinado, M. D. (1961) The Philippine biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Fieldiana Zoology, 33, 627 - 675." type="journal article" year="1961">Delfinado 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 648
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C378CAF59223FFBEFF6ED23DD523A455" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A93239223FFBEFF6ED23DD36BA73D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426623236" collectingDate="1947-03-26" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="H. Hoogrstaal" country="Island, San Pedro" location="Philippine Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Palawan" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54D927DC9223FFBEFF6ED23DD0AFA759" box="[151,210,289,314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54D927DC9223FFBEFE28D23ED24BA759" box="[465,566,290,314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
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,
<collectingRegion id="49A6579C9223FFBEFCDAD23DD3FFA759" box="[803,898,289,314]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Palawan</collectingRegion>
Prov, Culion
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFBD1D23DD48AA759" box="[1064,1271,289,314]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Island, San Pedro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate id="EF9846569223FFBEFAFFD23DD5E5A759" box="[1286,1432,289,314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="1947-03-26">
<date id="FFDCBFBE9223FFBEFAFFD23DD5E5A759" box="[1286,1432,289,314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="1947-03-26">26.Mar.1947</date>
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, near sea level,
<collectorName id="2697FCA89223FFBEFEC4D259D1ABA73D" box="[317,470,325,350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">H.Hoogrstaal</collectorName>
, CNHM-10 (
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,
<collectionCode id="ED7301BB9223FFBEFD3DD25AD373A73D" box="[708,782,326,350]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">ANIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BB903049223FFBEFF3ED275D148A7E1" box="[199,309,361,386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Non-type</collectingMunicipality>
material examined.
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFDC2D275D3EFA7E1" box="[571,914,361,386]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Peoples Republic of China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A6579C9223FFBEFC5DD275D381A7E1" box="[932,1020,361,386]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Hainan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
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nursery,
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; 110.40°E,
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, Lt Tp,
<date id="FFDCBFBE9223FFBEFD8AD291D37DA7C5" box="[627,768,397,422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2015-10-14">14.Oct.2015</date>
, J-H Li &amp; D-C Cai (4 females, 2 males);
<materialsCitation id="3B0A93239223FFBEFB00D291D244A7A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426623239" country="China" latitude="19.85" location="Dongzhaigang Mangrove Reserve" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan">
<location id="8EBDCFA59223FFBEFB00D291D110A7AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB28689223FFBEFF6ED38BD24AA34E:8EBDCFA59223FFBEFB00D291D110A7AA" country="China" latitude="19.85" name="Dongzhaigang Mangrove Reserve" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Hainan">Dongzhaigang Mangrove Reserve</location>
nursery,
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; 110.40°E,
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, landing collection 16:1517:15 hr,
<date id="FFDCBFBE9223FFBEFB78D2ADD570A7A9" box="[1153,1293,433,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2015-10-14">14.Oct.2015</date>
, G. Bellis (1 female);
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<location id="8EBDCFA59223FFBEFF05D2C9D201A78E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB28689223FFBEFF6ED38BD24AA34E:8EBDCFA59223FFBEFF05D2C9D201A78E" box="[252,636,469,494]" country="China" latitude="19.85" name="Dongzhaigang Mangrove Reserve" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Hainan">Dongzhaigang Mangrove Reserve</location>
nursery,
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; 110.40°E,
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, net 16:1517:15hr,
<date id="FFDCBFBE9223FFBEFB22D2C9D51AA78D" box="[1243,1383,469,494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2015-10-14">14.Oct.2015</date>
, J-H Li &amp; D-C Cai (2 females).
<materialsCitation id="3B0A93239223FFBEFE34D2E5D523A455" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426623240" collectingDate="2013-04-16" collectorName="A. Thepparat &amp; Ramkhamhaeng University Insect Collection" country="Thailand" latitude="-7.5058" location="Pak Maeng Beach" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="99.3135" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Trang Province">
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:
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,
<location id="8EBDCFA59223FFBEFCF1D2E5D3A7A471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB28689223FFBEFF6ED38BD24AA34E:8EBDCFA59223FFBEFCF1D2E5D3A7A471" box="[776,986,505,530]" country="Thailand" latitude="-7.5058" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="99.3135" name="Pak Maeng Beach" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Trang Province">Pak Maeng Beach</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FFB99223FFBEFC1FD2E5D42DA471" box="[998,1104,505,530]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" precision="5" value="-7.5058">7.5058°S</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
<collectingMethod id="5223E1699223FFBEFB1DD2E6D529A472" box="[1252,1364,506,529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">sweep net</collectingMethod>
18:15 pm,
<collectingDate id="EF9846569223FFBEFF30D101D12AA455" box="[201,343,541,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2013-04-16">
<date id="FFDCBFBE9223FFBEFF30D101D12AA455" box="[201,343,541,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2013-04-16">16.Apr.2013</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="2697FCA89223FFBEFE9AD101D192A455" box="[355,495,541,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">A.Thepparat</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D6452F79223FFBEFDF8D102D219A455" box="[513,612,541,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="2697FCA89223FFBEFD96D101D417A455" box="[623,1130,541,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Ramkhamhaeng University Insect Collection</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A6579C9223FFBEFB8FD101D4A3A455" box="[1142,1246,541,566]" country="Thailand" name="Krung Thep Mahanakhon" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Bangkok</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFB10D101D52FA455" box="[1257,1362,541,566]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Thailand</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378CAF59223FFBEFF3ED15DD5E9A41D" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDD997E9223FFBEFF3ED15DD5E9A41D" blockId="4.[151,1437,289,1325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFF3ED15DD13CA439" bold="true" box="[199,321,577,602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females: The only species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFD3AD15DD361A43A" box="[707,796,577,601]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Ornatus</taxonomicName>
group with the following suite of characters: hairy eyes, SCo on basal flagellar segments, spermathecae with sclerotised necks and lacking a sclerotised spermathecal ring.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378CAF59223FFBEFF3ED195D30DA4A5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDD997E9223FFBEFF3ED195D30DA4A5" blockId="4.[151,1437,289,1325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFF3ED195D15AA4C1" bold="true" box="[199,295,649,674]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Biology.</emphasis>
Unknown, but all collection data indicate an association with mangroves or sea shores. The specimen collected from humans suggests this species may feed on people.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378CAF59223FFBEFF3ED1CDD215A56D" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDD997E9223FFBEFF3ED1CDD215A56D" blockId="4.[151,1437,289,1325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFF3ED1CDD11DA489" bold="true" box="[199,352,721,746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is known from
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFD66D1CDD372A489" box="[671,783,721,746]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFCE3D1CDD3FEA489" box="[794,899,721,746]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFC77D1CDD472A489" box="[910,1039,721,746]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A6579C9223FFBEFBE3D1CDD41CA489" box="[1050,1121,721,746]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Sabah</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A6579C9223FFBEFB95D1CDD4B2A489" box="[1132,1231,721,746]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFB95D1CDD4B2A489" box="[1132,1231,721,746]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFB23D1CDD53DA489" box="[1242,1344,721,746]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, and the
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFF6ED1E9D1B7A56D" box="[151,458,757,782]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Peoples Republic of China</collectingCountry>
(new record).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378CAF59223FFBEFF3ED005D24AA34E" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDD997E9223FFBEFF3ED005D24AA34E" blockId="4.[151,1437,289,1325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFF3ED005D146A551" bold="true" box="[199,315,793,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species aligns with the Pictipennis section of
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFC82D006D3F3A552" box="[891,910,794,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
. Subg.
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFC1DD006D43CA552" box="[996,1089,794,817]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Oecacta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFC1DD006D43CA552" box="[996,1089,794,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Oecacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the keys of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E48F9223FFBEFB13D006D5E1A551" box="[1258,1436,793,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Yu, Y. - X., Liu, J. - H., Liu, G. - P., Liu, Z. - J., Hao, B. - S., Yan, G. &amp; Zhao, T. - S. (2005) Ceratopogonidae of China (Insecta, Diptera). Military Medical Science Press, Beijing, 1699 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book">
Yu
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFAE8D006D537A552" box="[1297,1354,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
and to couplet
<quantity id="4C9A349B9223FFBEFEB9D021D111A535" box="[320,364,829,854]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
the key to the Pictipennis section. It resembles both species in that couplet,
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFB29D022D088A51A" authority="Yu and Hao" authorityName="Yu and Hao" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhuhaiensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFB29D022D508A536" box="[1232,1397,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. zhuhaiensis</emphasis>
Yu and Hao
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFED5D07ED25FA519" authority="Konoshita" authorityName="Konoshita" box="[300,546,865,890]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miharai">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFED5D07ED1D8A51A" box="[300,421,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. miharai</emphasis>
Konoshita
</taxonomicName>
, differing mainly in the spermathecae, which in
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFBB9D07ED485A51A" box="[1088,1272,865,889]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFBB9D07ED485A51A" box="[1088,1272,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. palawanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has necks and lacks a sclerotized spermathecal ring, while those of
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFD15D09AD3EDA5FE" box="[748,912,901,925]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhuhaiensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFD15D09AD3EDA5FE" box="[748,912,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. zhuhaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack spermathecal necks and
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFB18D09AD526A5FE" box="[1249,1371,901,925]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miharai">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFB18D09AD526A5FE" box="[1249,1371,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. miharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a long sclerotized ring. Additionally, the illustration of female antennae of both
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFBFDD0B6D403A5A2" box="[1028,1150,937,961]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miharai">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFBFDD0B6D403A5A2" box="[1028,1150,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. miharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFB4CD0B6D15AA585" authority="in Yu et al. (2005)" authorityName="in Yu et al." authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhuhaiensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFB4CD0B6D524A5A2" box="[1205,1369,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. zhuhaiensis</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E48F9223FFBEFA84D0B6D15AA585" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Yu, Y. - X., Liu, J. - H., Liu, G. - P., Liu, Z. - J., Hao, B. - S., Yan, G. &amp; Zhao, T. - S. (2005) Ceratopogonidae of China (Insecta, Diptera). Military Medical Science Press, Beijing, 1699 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book">
Yu
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFF6ED0D2D0AFA586" box="[151,210,973,997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
indicates a single SCo on flagellar segment 12 compared to the subapical ring of four to six SCo present in
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFEEAD0EED1ADA26A" box="[275,464,1009,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFEEAD0EED1ADA26A" box="[275,464,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. palawanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and indeed, other members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFC81D0EED3ACA269" box="[888,977,1010,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Ornatus</taxonomicName>
group. We have been unable to access reference material of
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFE6BD70AD26DA24E" box="[402,528,1045,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miharai">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFE6BD70AD26DA24E" box="[402,528,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. miharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFDC5D70AD299A24E" box="[572,740,1045,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhuhaiensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFDC5D70AD299A24E" box="[572,740,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. zhuhaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to confirm the suite of characters that differ between these species and
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFED0D726D19AA232" box="[297,487,1081,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFED0D726D19AA232" box="[297,487,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. palawanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in all of these characters, the Dongzhaigang material is consistent with
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFA7BD726D14DA216" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFA7BD726D14DA216" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. palawanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and we therefore refer our specimens to that species. Further study of these species is needed to confirm their status. Previous reports of
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFD71D79ED34EA2FA" box="[648,819,1153,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhuhaiensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFD71D79ED34EA2FA" box="[648,819,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. zhuhaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="49A6579C9223FFBEFC7ED79DD3A5A2F9" box="[903,984,1153,1178]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Hainan</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E48F9223FFBEFC14D79ED4BBA2F9" author="Wang" box="[1005,1222,1153,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Wang, C. - C., Chen, X. - H., Tan, R. - Q., Xu, X. - J. &amp; Yu, Z. - H. (2011) List of Ceratopogonidae in Hainan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Chinese Frontier Health Quarantine, 34, 24 - 27." type="journal article" year="2011">
Wang
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFBC7D79ED403A2FA" box="[1086,1150,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
) may refer to
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFA7BD79ED14DA2DE" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFA7BD79ED14DA2DE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. palawanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and consequently require confirmation. There are no previous reported DNA barcodes for any of these species; novel DNA barcodes reported here for
<taxonomicName id="4C62E2FD9223FFBEFD17D7D6D3DAA282" box="[750,935,1225,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B916456C9223FFBEFD17D7D6D3DAA282" box="[750,935,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C. palawanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locations in
<collectingRegion id="49A6579C9223FFBEFB8CD7D5D4BBA281" box="[1141,1222,1225,1250]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Hainan</collectingRegion>
are within a single barcode BIN: ADB6620 (Table 2) unique to the species and separated by&gt;4.5% (D NC) sequence differences to a conspecific specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F375D9EE9223FFBEFE35D608D24EA34E" box="[460,563,1300,1325]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>