179 lines
15 KiB
XML
179 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.341.5816" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1485e168-157a-47d4-b9fa-2a21400a28ff" ID-PMC="PMC3800810" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-341-77" ID-PubMed="24146599" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-341-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 341" ModsDocTitle="Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from coral reefs in the southern Gulf of Mexico" checkinTime="1451246812539" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gonzalez-Munoz, Ricardo, Simoes, Nuno, Tello-Musi, Jose Luis & Rodriguez, Estefania" docDate="2013" docId="D530D70DC7680409A4BC0BCBFBD939AE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 341: 77-106" docOrigin="ZooKeys 341" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.341.5816" docTitle="Actinoporus elegans Duchassaing 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FFEBA2745B17421B007FDB25C72D5A0A" masterDocTitle="Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from coral reefs in the southern Gulf of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668156630225" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from coral reefs in the southern Gulf of Mexico</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Gonzalez-Munoz, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Simoes, Nuno</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Tello-Musi, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Estefania</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>341</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>77</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>106</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.341.5816</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.341.5816</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-341-77</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D530D70DC7680409A4BC0BCBFBD939AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D530D70DC7680409A4BC0BCBFBD939AE" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Actinoporus_elegans" authority="Duchassaing, 1850" authorityName="Duchassaing" authorityYear="1850" class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus elegans" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Actinoporus elegans Duchassaing, 1850</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figure 8, Table 2
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus elegans" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Actinoporus elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Plon Freres, Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Animaux Radiaires des Antilles." year="1850">Duchassaing 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus (Elegans)" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Elegans">Actinoporus Elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic]:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Chez Victor Masson et Fils, Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Revue des Zoophytes et des Spongiaires des Antilles." year="1870">Duchassaing 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 21.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Aureliana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aureliana elegans" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Aureliana elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andres, A" journalOrPublisher="Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" title="Le Attinie." year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 289.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="87" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
La Gallega reef (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="19.222223">19°13'20"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-96.1275">96°07'39"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; one specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Fully expanded oral disc and tentacles up to 52 mm in diameter. Central part of oral disc smooth, narrow, to 16 mm diameter, beige; mouth oval with a well-developed conchula (Figure 8C). Tentacles small, vesicle-like, arranged in double radial rows covering almost entire oral disc, on endocoelic and exocoelic spaces, 24-26 tentacles per double row; reddish or pinkish rows of tentacles alternating with pale brown rows (Figure 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Deep fosse (Figure 8G). Column elongated, funnel-shaped, to 60 mm in height, wider distally than proximally; column diameter: distally 38 mm, mid-column 27 mm, proximally 13 mm (Figure 8E). Column with longitudinal rows of vesicles (6-8 vesicles per row) distally (Figure 8B, E). Pedal disc well-developed, narrow, 19 mm in diameter. Column and pedal disc white to pale-brown; mesenterial insertions visible distally (Figure 8E). Mesenteries irregularly arranged in three cycles (28 pairs in specimen examined): first cycle perfect, others imperfect. Gametogenic tissue not observed in specimen examined. Two pairs of directives, only one pair attached to a single well-developed siphonoglyph. Retractor muscles strong, circumscribed, with main muscle lamella divided in two parts; parietobasilar muscles strong with thick mesogleal pennon (Figure 8F). Basilar muscles well-developed (Figure 8H). Marginal sphincter muscle endodermal, strong and circumscribed, pinnate (Figure 8G). Longitudinal muscles of the tentacles ectodermal (Figure 8I). Zooxanthellae absent. Cnidom: basitrichs, microbasic p-mastigophores, and spirocysts (Figure 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–P">J-P</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Table 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Figure 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus elegans" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Actinoporus elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A Fully expanded specimen in natural habitat B Partially contracted specimen in natural habitat C Oral view D Detail of double rows of tentacles E Lateral view F Cross section through proximal column, showing retractor and parietobasilar muscles G Longitudinal section through column margin showing marginal sphincter muscle H Longitudinal section through base showing basilar muscles I Longitudinal section through tentacles
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–P">J-P</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cnidae.- actinopharynx: J basitrich K microbasic p-mastigophore; column: L basitrich; filament: M basitrich N microbasic p-mastigophore; tentacle: O basitrich P spirocyst. Abbreviations.- bm: basilar muscle, e: epidermis, f: filament, fo: fosse, g: gastrodermis, lm: longitudinal muscle, m: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, pm: parietobasilar muscle, rm: retractor muscle, sp: sphincter, t: tentacle, vs: vesicles. Scale bars:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
, E: 10 mm; D: 2 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–P">J-P</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="87" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus elegans" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Actinoporus elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits sandy bottoms, at 1-2 m; the column is burrowed in the sand but the pedal disc is strongly attached to rocks. When disturbed, it contracts the oral disc suddenly, completely burrowing the entire body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Western Atlantic, from the northern coast of Brazil to Guadeloupe, Jamaica, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Correa, DD" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="157 - 164" title="On the sea anemone Actinoporus elegans Duchassaing." volume="20" year="1973">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Corrêa">Correa</normalizedToken>
|
||
1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Cape Verde Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wirtz, P" journalOrPublisher="Arquipelago, Life and Marine Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="96" pagination="51 - 56" title="Thirteen new records of marine invertebrates and two of fishes from cape Verde Islands." volume="26" year="2009">Wirtz 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is the first record for the coast of Mexico; found in the VRS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="11" pageNumber="88" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="88" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="11" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Currently there are two valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="89" start="start">Actinoporus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus elegans" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Actinoporus elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus elongatus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongatus">Actinoporus elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Carlgren, 1900 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fautin, DG" journalOrPublisher="Texas University Press, College Station, Texas" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Hexacorallians of the World." url="http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus elongatus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongatus">Actinoporus elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported for India, Mozambique and Australia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Mittheilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="21 - 144" title="Ostafrikanische Actinien. Gesammelt von Hern Dr. F. Stuhlmann 1888 und 1889." volume="17" year="1900">Carlgren 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Menon, KR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Madras Government Museum (Natural History Section)" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="31 - 40" title="Subclass Zoantharia (except Scleractiniae)." volume="1" year="1927">Menon 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clayton, PD" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="31 - 38" title="Reproduction and feeding ethology of a tropical, intertidal sand-dwelling anemone (Actinoporus elongatus, Calgren, 1900)." url="10.1007/BF00008425" volume="237" year="1992">Clayton and Collins 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and it lacks the longitudinal rows of vesicles in the distal column of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus elegans" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Actinoporus elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Mittheilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="21 - 144" title="Ostafrikanische Actinien. Gesammelt von Hern Dr. F. Stuhlmann 1888 und 1889." volume="17" year="1900">Carlgren 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Correa, DD" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="157 - 164" title="On the sea anemone Actinoporus elegans Duchassaing." volume="20" year="1973">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Corrêa">Correa</normalizedToken>
|
||
1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additional color patterns observed for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Capneidae" genus="Actinoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoporus elegans" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Actinoporus elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
in coral reefs off the coast of Venezuela include tentacles and oral disc almost completely white with dark-brown stripes, or completely bright orange (unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |