357 lines
35 KiB
XML
357 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DEDDC14642DBFDB91635D7B8C5D59095">Description of new species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 from the Western Ghats of India with the redescription of Stenaelurilluslesserti Reimoser, 1934 and notes on mating plug in the genus (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="520645A5BB5367A789A189C460AFA0D9">Sebastian, Pothalil A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6431AB6A596ADAA994A5288A58295DBB">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A2468A9774AE2FEF13C5991666F196BB">Malamel, Jobi J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC9292096D789E611012E6F5A4874386">Joseph, Mathew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FEFC10C01E66C948123B0CD51ABC7145">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="513EC72DF0253320C33348BF49F481F3">491</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6CDEE55D341D1ACD826DD5F4237AA253" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.491.8218</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="092DCA416AAE017AF1ABF90FBBFC1B0C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:092DCA416AAE017AF1ABF90FBBFC1B0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/092DCA416AAE017AF1ABF90FBBFC1B0C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph id="619BE6132680E9F94FB75CFB3DB74034" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Salticidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5BAAF028E6145088E02D8E7629544F64" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5DC9B20E230A321826A3AF361A864B2A" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="107993C7D4AFD68997105EA5148DA854" ID-CoL="4ZTGP" authority="Reimoser, 1934" authorityName="Reimoser" authorityYear="1934" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti Reimoser, 1934</taxonomicName>
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Figs 4
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<normalizedToken id="3B39C7348D07BF9610BCAECE0F8F0CB5" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, 5
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<normalizedToken id="205864AB9A7CB355478F0DA160C612FB" originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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, 6
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<normalizedToken id="F24FACC0722304C1E97E95C8EACE4036" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, 7B, 10
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<normalizedToken id="912D73D48562AB9D0617A1F9F1331924" originalValue="A–J">A-J</normalizedToken>
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, 11
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<normalizedToken id="F996B51272C8E7AE42441EF69F685B45" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B62DE05D74F79B176FC1F34E6DC20164" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="49AF00B90EA1CA8E7BCC1FC3EC699695" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="0BA0B45B342E152A88809D338D30F6D4" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">
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<pageBreakToken id="44F958BC45FB8B51400401272746112A" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" start="start">Stenaelurillus</pageBreakToken>
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lesserti
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</taxonomicName>
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Reimoser, 1934: 504, figs 25-26 (Description and illustration of ♂ and ♀);
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<bibRefCitation id="F4D15599655EF2A7AE8470B09EDA5AC4" author="Proszynski, J" journalOrPublisher="Wyzsza Szkola Rolniczo-Pedagogiczna, Siedlcach" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 177" title="Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae)." volume="2" year="1984">
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<normalizedToken id="1DDF1CAE42FC8B56522096F66A04AF90" originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
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1984
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 139 (Illustration of ♀);
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<bibRefCitation id="A035E4918A8F04E4634604517DAD43AE" author="Wesolowska, W" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" pagination="246 - 254" title="A review of the Asian species of the spider genus Stenaelurillus (Araneae: Salticidae)." url="10.1080/00305316.2013.871823" volume="47" year="2014">Wesolowska 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 248, figs 1
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<normalizedToken id="4586DED209F069725E1FB16700AE971A" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 2
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<normalizedToken id="F2086C8F0AC6386C960D907B8E4E1987" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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, 3
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<normalizedToken id="27D8AE32DB6214E48A79DFCA3B9CBD94" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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(Re-examined the original type series of
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<taxonomicName id="16092E0EEFFD0E864438D4D21A4C0221" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
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; description and illustration of ♂ and ♀).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B63D8BA01F468C98DE740D326C861C49" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="052EA5684E561E36FD4DBC275EFFDE1D" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6840738CA78EAE9932134150BD5F2580" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
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(ADSH 83503Ai)-4 males, 5 females: India, Kerala, Ernakulam, Cherukadu (
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<geoCoordinate id="B4D75FFB91E1EB5E288E036F258E17B6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.139578">10°08'22.48"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7E51788789B9F1F89911B5A585DADDE4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="76.66726">76°40'02.14"E</geoCoordinate>
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) in Bhoothathankettu Forest Reserve (
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<geoCoordinate id="74315104F29C7E0F4E1B6F693F5D6FE7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.139664">10°08'22.79"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="53BBFDC7A4DED9A28C388F162F091F0C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="76.667244">76°40'02.09"E</geoCoordinate>
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), 37 m. alt., Pradeep M. S., 10. X. 2013, by hand.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23CFE767EC2DBEBD0576D870337CC038" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F16FEEE053CB5E3D18340C470E0CF819" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">
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<pageBreakToken id="F1BC63C221D7DCA6E717D2F43A6CCD1C" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="55F086F0F1EC62BDCD52665E34A8CC76" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">
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Males of
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<taxonomicName id="422BCB72E1B13E93816211A74116BC13" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
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Reimoser, 1934 can be separated from all other described congeners by a transverse fringe of very thin, hard projections resembling hairs at the anterior edge of the harder shield covering the bulbus (Figs 5
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<normalizedToken id="F1E23D0BE9488F4253BDDF043A0ACB78" originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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, 10
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<normalizedToken id="0A77326ECBC46F35DDD043E54FA5F659" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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); females by the presence of unusually enlarged and kidney-shaped spermathecae and the relative position of the copulatory openings (Figs 6
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<normalizedToken id="A0DAE139E05E57272B99542D721484A7" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 11
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<normalizedToken id="625BA2D58849E9BEE20446FEB39849E3" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="03B9C2B8DA3515C2C656A1CC4420A89D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="B898E2FAF161B590D18249B8218F0512" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CCDA12B899A22A43763B4577D4AAA269" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">
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MALE (Figs 4A, 4C, 10
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<normalizedToken id="C7E85F25EC7359B692E754EA9B4EAEED" originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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): Prosoma black, thoracic part with broad yellowish-white lateral bands; thoracic region dorsally with paired white longitudinal bands extending back from the rear eyes. Eye field black with covering of violet scales; anterior row of eyes encircled with red and yellow scales and black hairs. Clypeus covered with transverse layers of orange-red, black and green scales and two layers of greyish-black and red hairs. Chelicerae short, yellowish-brown; dorso-laterally
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<pageBreakToken id="BFDDF6538D439AC171ED5C112F275316" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" start="start">covered</pageBreakToken>
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with thick layer of red, yellow and green hairs; promargin with two, one large and one small, and retromargin with one large teeth (Fig. 4C). Fangs short, yellow. Maxillae and labium black. Opisthosoma
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<normalizedToken id="4AF0D60701DD5C59F318C63AC455ABEC" originalValue="U–shaped">U-shaped</normalizedToken>
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; dorsum black with an anterior broad transverse white band and posterior three white spots, which together forming an inverted triangle; lateral opisthosoma pale yellow with several broken longitudinal black striations, while venter pale yellow without any striations or spots. Sternum and coxae pale yellow; coxa I retrolaterally black; femur I pro and retrolaterally black with a prolateral red stripe at the middle (Fig. 10G); femur I prolaterally and dorsally provided with a fringe of black hairs, the dorsal one prominent; ventrally with a row of short white hairs; all other leg segments pale yellow with black patches and narrow transverse black stripes. Body length 3.80. Prosoma length 2.08, width (at the middle) 1.47, height (at the middle) 1.27. Opisthosoma length 1.72, width (at the middle) 1.15, height (at the middle) 0.99. Eye diameter: AME 0.34. ALE 0.19. PME 0.04.
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<pageBreakToken id="4E6C5CE38398A8F93CEFE058D6775462" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" start="start">PLE</pageBreakToken>
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0.18. Eye interdistance:
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<normalizedToken id="C9EE81A484D8EE1002B6608BDE6F42BE" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
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0.04.
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<normalizedToken id="71B2EE91904796051CAAB0B85513C70F" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
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1.15.
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<normalizedToken id="C054A6CFB5C415D32255EE2321F780ED" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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1.07.
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<normalizedToken id="76E70C90BBCAB258387C744590087706" originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
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0.07.
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<normalizedToken id="8ED3C1DE66C2828DCA5E0FA1F3DB6D68" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.45.
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<normalizedToken id="87ED7A0CF213717AC8029AFA9E9365E1" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.28.
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<normalizedToken id="A43C52011E1AE03C54BCA9EC90322EF0" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.17. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.22, at ALEs 0.42. Chelicera length 0.31. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 1.44 [0.53, 0.19, 0.16, 0.56], I 3.2 [1.07, 0.52, 0.69, 0.44, 0.48], II 2.91 [0.99, 0.45, 0.59, 0.43, 0.45], III 4.68 [1.45, 0.70, 0.94, 1.03, 0.56] IV 4.48 [1.25, 0.75, 0.76, 1.22, 0.50]. Leg formula: 3412. Spination. Palp. 0000 0000 0000 0000; legs: femur I 0700, II 0710, III 0700, IV 0600, patellae
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<normalizedToken id="E67B0C54F81E151E5AE43DD1AE69CE44" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
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1000,
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<normalizedToken id="E843CE3CC138E4C6B9BDC1FB84D8D3D7" originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
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1010; tibia I 3004, II 3014, III 3143, IV 4143; metatarsus I 2014, II 2024, III 4043, IV 5062; tarsi
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<normalizedToken id="DCF43A569926427A0293CC45D3BEE29A" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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0000. Copulatory organ (Figs 5
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<normalizedToken id="564B063ED21DA472FA125EF27221FBB5" originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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, 10
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<normalizedToken id="9FAD67FA1289694452C8A8E8486B5958" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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): Femur black, provided prolaterally and dorsally with a bunch of black hairs (Figs 5
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<normalizedToken id="C52CF83EA9C1AB6255E18138687AE625" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, 10
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<normalizedToken id="9B37E67BBCB52FAB6F151AFE881E9E2E" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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), the dorsal one is prominent. Patella and tibia pale yellow with ventral black patch. Cymbium and bulb pale yellow; the anterior edge of the harder shield covering the bulbus is provided with a transverse fringe of very thin, hard projections resembling hairs, which are distinctly longer at the
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<pageBreakToken id="70C4C4B9E542C4288344CFC0245F559E" pageId="9" pageNumber="72" start="start">retrolateral</pageBreakToken>
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angle (Figs 5
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<normalizedToken id="5C039BD12F845C11D0CAAE946319667F" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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); embolus short with blunt end, retrolaterally directed with prolaterally directed tip (Figs 5E, 5G); conductor apparently absent; terminal apophysis short, directed at ten o'clock position (Figs 5E, 5G). Tibia with two ventral apophyses (Fig. 5E); VTA 1 is the smallest; VTA 2 with a flattened end (Fig. 5E); both VTA 1 & 2 directed at one o'clock position (Fig. 5E); RTA simple with broad base, pointed end, directed at eleven o'clock position (Fig. 5F).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="2B5953C04A5BD83192938B859C04EAE7" pageId="9" pageNumber="72">
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<paragraph id="473DE0AD279BC70D72516923F868787F" pageId="9" pageNumber="72">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName id="4749EA044F77594C9B1D9726195DE3B4" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
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Reimoser, 1934. A Male habitus, dorsal view B Female habitus, dorsal view C Male right chelicera, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A = 0.38 mm; B = 0.65 mm; C = 0.08 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="931F515876D291A44C185F31B6DF0F99" pageId="9" pageNumber="72">
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<paragraph id="7319A9A77BEF3CF57010543D3B66A838" pageId="9" pageNumber="72">
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Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B44DFADB6F2108789E697A4BAE4C5A2" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reimoser, 1934. Left male palp. A Palp entire, prolateral view B Same, ventral view C Same, retrolateral view D Palp enlarged, prolateral view E Same, ventral view F Same, retrolateral view G Embolic division of the bulb, ventral view. E = Embolus; RPT = Retrobasal process of tegulum; RTA = Retrolateral tibial apophysis, T = Tegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; VTA 1 & 2 = Ventral tibial apophyses 1 & 2. Scale bars:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AFA929C271136351A56D1518C9812848" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.26 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="33F521CA8D9112C682F693475FA63C90" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.08 mm; G = 0.02 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C36C4191711872BB5167A1C12146088A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="9" pageNumber="72">
|
||
FEMALE (Figs 4B, 11
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D8ECB2BF2CEEEF4415AD50AC54627585" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
): Prosoma black, thoracic part with broad yellowish-white lateral bands; thoracic region dorsally with paired white longitudinal bands extending back from the rear eyes. Eye field black; anterior row of eyes encircled by pale yellow hairs. Clypeus black. Chelicerae short and black; promargin with two, one large
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8AE6860415C87388D5E026F0E9481E48" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
one small, and retromargin with one large teeth. Fangs short, black. Maxillae and labium black. Opisthosoma widely oval; dorsum black with an anterior broad transverse white band and posterior three white spots, which together forming an inverted triangle; lateral opisthosoma pale yellow with several broken longitudinal black striations while venter pale yellow without any striations or spots. Sternum and coxae pale yellow; coxa I retrolaterally black; all other leg segments pale yellow with black patches and narrow transverse black stripes. Palp: posterior 1/4th of femur black; rest of femur and other segments pale yellow. Body length 6.46. Prosoma length 2.97, width (at the middle) 1.86, height (at the middle) 1.49. Opisthosoma length 3.49, width (at the middle) 2.69, height (at the middle) 1.90. Eyes diameter: AME 0.41. ALE 0.22. PME 0.04. PLE 0.15. Eye interdistance:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A700290E624E8E143719382392E25257" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C4012EC4716256F9E6283EB034E12AB0" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.31.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CBBD6871EEC41C51D5864DA83A565EBB" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.14.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D1504BDEE03E364685304D34CB99D8BE" originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.05.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9E314D92C2070E131C310C1F8AF86D4A" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.38.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="03EEC23195F6465D779F01FEBAC7E702" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.21.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="559710AF61A4EDA423BD28AE3CD8CAEF" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.16. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.27, at ALEs 0.44. Chelicera length 0.56. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 1.5 [0.52, 0.25, 0.24, 0.49], I 3.28 [1.14, 0.58, 0.61, 0.44, 0.51], II 3.16 [1.12, 0.54, 0.58, 0.49, 0.43], III 5.49 [1.75, 0.84, 1.09, 1.14, 0.67], IV 5.13 [1.53, 0.66, 1.07, 1.26, 0.61]. Leg formula: 3412. Spination. Palp. 0100 0000 0000 2231; legs: femur I 0600, II 0700, III 2600, IV 0600; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5DE81250C08867C234626A20B077226D" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
1000,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6722BD846F06FB8231855F7B33CAD7AD" originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
1010; tibia I 1005, II 2004, III 4043, IV 4343; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="29907896F36A314A8D055E948DAF71C4" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
2014, III 3324, IV 3323; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5D0B126C9E56FD856A412BCC50D3D59" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
0000. Copulatory organ (Figs 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AFC19583B870841423371DD86A942EDC" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 11
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6F300CD62FAD00F55C057EDA19F80B56" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
): Copulatory opening is nearly diamond shaped (Fig. 6A) and placed near the posterior margin of the epigyne (Figs 6A, 11E). Spermathecae are much enlarged and kidney shaped (Figs 6B, 11F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6C8856A6E6A4E62D1F5A62E7E6390A13" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="0821AEF1BD35BA8562C19014B6426A07" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFD7B9004E46912FFC6F293C5B199777" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reimoser, 1934. Female copulatory organ. A Epigyne B, C Internal duct system. CO = Copulatory opening; CD = Copulatory duct; S = Spermatheca. Scale bars: A = 0.09 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB304B16DDB7A47E6B5DBA84F79AA4D2" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.07 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AA6376C751B4F6FC7CCC07DEE07D529" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F39B3EBB74855F4B76716D7599C6B46" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A1E49D861C35DB7B9601E56557681316" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Male: (n = 4) Body length 3.24-3.80. Female: (n = 5) Body length 6.15-6.46.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6B40908D28D6D7F595DFD712E6117692" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="56F793D39DD1EE67B9092B8A13345019" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D0F7EE44E1A994F8F2B9BC9CE36DB4EF" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Rocky area having patches of grass and herbaceous vegetation in a semi-evergreen forest (Fig. 12B).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="685ACB4987D8A516C0FE58E881C6364B" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD040B0819E380B5B38F70EA7BACA5FB" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CCF2DB758760399894DB53520E478B9B" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
India, Sri Lanka (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B63EF735E1ED67B42A4475B6CA519764" author="Wesolowska, W" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" pagination="246 - 254" title="A review of the Asian species of the spider genus Stenaelurillus (Araneae: Salticidae)." url="10.1080/00305316.2013.871823" volume="47" year="2014">Wesolowska 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="42D8A7594A1C9BA8C08F8691135B9F88" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" type="distribution in india">
|
||
<paragraph id="52F5E4E932599A44F991459D3F8DF527" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Distribution in India.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B2937475CBDCE2790025F7B5CCE1DDA" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Kerala (new record) and Tamilnadu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B402C6038D59C730690C9B3E06D3EC8" author="Reimoser, E" journalOrPublisher="Revue Sueisse de Zoologie" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" pagination="465 - 511" title="Araneae aus Sud-Indien." volume="41" year="1934">Reimoser 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2C687B986648991771F5C0AC638C65E" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" type="note">
|
||
<paragraph id="78438549620F5B0AF742A422E403218D" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Note.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F828CD2B2106A37A46E0307C76AD89A2" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Mating plugs, which are supposed to function as paternity protection devices (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E079F523A09F6589BE1ACFC12D8D37B6" author="Uhl, G" journalOrPublisher="Genetica" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" pagination="75 - 104" title="Securing paternity in spiders? A review on occurrence and effects of mating plugs and male genital mutilation." url="10.1007/s10709-009-9388-5" volume="138" year="2010">Uhl et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E22ACF6EEDCBB0AAF56816939628AA8" author="Herberstein, ME" journalOrPublisher="Behavioral Ecology" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" pagination="1140 - 1145" title="How effective and persistent are fragments of male genitalia as mating plugs?" url="10.1093/beheco/ars088" volume="23" year="2012">Herberstein et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are not very unusual in the animal kingdom and their presence have been described in a number of spider families including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F103F29770F5AD1CB28914B023A3ECB9" family="Salticidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" rank="family">Salticidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mating plugs are reported in a total of 10 genera and 17 species of salticid spiders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43EC3DD21A3F489AB689D1EF645E067B" author="Uhl, G" journalOrPublisher="Genetica" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" pagination="75 - 104" title="Securing paternity in spiders? A review on occurrence and effects of mating plugs and male genital mutilation." url="10.1007/s10709-009-9388-5" volume="138" year="2010">Uhl et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mating plug was observed in the copulatory opening of the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18C30D65A1BC3D6B8D594C79360F1BC5" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenaelurillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described in this paper. The left copulatory opening of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67FF72B56B33ACAE86DC727EEF1E83C6" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus albus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albus">Stenaelurillus albus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A13C4E04D421CB5791D43E85477C057F" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found to be sealed with amorphous secretions (whether male or female origin is unclear) (Figs 7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34D4BA7E8DA9D35B656201D2F39A02E5" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
, arrows). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27DC69A46B4E6B5EF26302C923591B07" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the mating plug of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CDB39A4371147D21BE205481F438CD5" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus albus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albus">Stenaelurillus albus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is more prominent and covering nearly the whole area of the left copulatory opening and the surrounding epigynal region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="76FBC090A4E47A878D1D014F0E7B0C94" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="A798FA9B581A02F4CBFB27EA5919E5FD" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73136E60DD3AB7F254E89AA12B548902" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenaelurillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. Epigyne with mating plugs. A Epigyne of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1A9EAC5333CBE92A680C07F59BEA232" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus albus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albus">Stenaelurillus albus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. showing mating plug (arrow) B Epigyne of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FB67BB63E99AB740455DFCBA821F233" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reimoser, 1934 showing mating plug (arrow). Scale bars: A = 0.21 mm; B = 0.19 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7ADC1A150257A9894B89DABBDE77F2E6" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="7573DBB74DB1082901D8A87BB294E9A2" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Figure 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="082B3A7D78EA6196A1EF6AEAFDBC4B31" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus albus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albus">Stenaelurillus albus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Male habitus, dorsal view B Same, ventral view C Same, prolateral view D Same, frontal view E Male chelicerae, dorsal view F Same, ventral view G Left male palp, prolateral view H Same, ventral view I Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="447CF2AFD56D88E0EABA65A1AF4D969D" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2 mm; D = 1 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4A26939BC5F678491486CF50FD6CC683" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.5 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="348A9E4EACC2ECB1F506473AB4D6D526" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="55DDEABD955C312AAE68D816CC428538" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="35C1267CF29D10A9D38EB43A2F03A669" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Figure 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DEDE002808DE3C5CF2C9B382BFBED1D5" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus albus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albus">Stenaelurillus albus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Female habitus, dorsal view B Same, ventral view C Same, retrolateral view D Same, frontal view E Epigyne F Internal duct system. Scale bars:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="50DB7BC23332F13FED4D3E296576A0FD" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2 mm; D = 1 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EFCA8378B4FA32C7377E5CBF6D8E516B" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="ECAD086C4EC0A895B2E087056564C9BD" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="539E18A743F9946E0653CB77316743B1" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Figure 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C43EADA87091C808F3C65BA2735DD3F3" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reimoser, 1934. A Male habitus, dorsal view B Same, ventral view C Same, retrolateral view D Same, frontal view E Male chelicerae, dorsal view F Same, ventral view G Male left leg I, prolateral view H Left male palp, prolateral view I Same, ventral view J Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8230A2EF5587BB70AB313A3438798C58" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1 mm; D = 1 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="827602E479583578B112775DEBDA815E" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.2 mm; G = 0.5 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BFADC76B884DA20E9AB4FB1608495784" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="ADBC28FAEFCF7F70C98ABD8BC156A96F" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="953BAF47D4F86E5FC7613605380748D1" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Figure 11.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2816A8B98F9860477AEBBE0B25A02484" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reimoser, 1934. A Female habitus, dorsal view B Same, ventral view C Same, retrolateral view D Same, frontal view E Epigyne F Internal duct system. Scale bars:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DF5947E11DE7B136D39A4CF5C269CA97" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2 mm; D = 1 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2AF35BA70C7B27CBA06B4B5819790510" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="76ACB12F1897AB74A6C92EF7AA54AD6B" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="542746DCCD61DEAE248344B751FF8041" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Figure 12. Habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC31D8A5EDA41C1CE08DFA4032A079F3" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenaelurillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. A View of the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3FE1CA4D3ACDF80699CDE10A76260DD" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus albus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albus">Stenaelurillus albus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. B View of the collection site of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="095BFF7B78B7E9714151F78FDEE2BEAD" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Stenaelurillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenaelurillus lesserti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">Stenaelurillus lesserti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reimoser, 1934.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |