204 lines
16 KiB
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204 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72f37a70-a388-4489-b497-8dbab6f60125" ID-PMC="PMC5672664" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-691-1" ID-PubMed="29200921" ID-ZBK="3F1D9389849D4DBABAF6C262BE3DBA22" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-691-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 691" ModsDocTitle="New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae)" checkinTime="1503007175479" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G. & Julka, J. M." docDate="2017" docId="A24CD1559C491F143B62B17C0C515BC9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 691: 1-18" docOrigin="ZooKeys 691" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174" docTitle="Drawida thomasi Narayanan & Julka, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="319B601A-CEDE-4AD6-89AA-56056C42FC44" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="0B58363AFF87FFB0FFD3FFF02C66FFE7" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668164698985" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Narayanan, S. Prasanth</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sathrumithra, S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christopher, G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Julka, J. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>691</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>18</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-691-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">3F1D9389849D4DBABAF6C262BE3DBA22</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3F1D9389849D4DBABAF6C262BE3DBA22</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132785415" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:319B601A-CEDE-4AD6-89AA-56056C42FC44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A24CD1559C491F143B62B17C0C515BC9" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/319B601A-CEDE-4AD6-89AA-56056C42FC44" authority="Narayanan & Julka" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drawida thomasi" order="Oligochaeta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="thomasi">Drawida thomasi Narayanan & Julka</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Holotype. Clitellate (Reg. no. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV-8837), Kozhippara waterfalls (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.354028">11°21'14.5"N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="76.10811">76°6'29.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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) near Kakkadampoyil, Malappuram District, Kerala State, India, 541 m a.s.l., by the side of tuber cultivated field earlier used for coffee plantation, 29 October 2014, S.P. Narayanan and S. Sathrumithra coll.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paratype. One clitellate and one aclitellate (Reg. no. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV-8838), same collection data as holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Length 55-66 mm, diameter 4.5 mm, segments 66-105. Colour bluish. Male pores in 10/11, large transverse slits, slightly lateral to b lines. Spermathecal pores in 7/8 at c lines. Genital markings absent. Gizzards number 3 in 15-17. Coiled vas deferens mass as large as testis sac; vas discharging directly into prostate dorsally at about its middle. Prostates glandular tubular, slightly bent, prostatic capsule tubular, bent entally. Spermathecal atria bilobed, one lobe in segment 7 and the other in segment 8; atrial lobes tubular, very long, 9-10 mm in length, coiled into compact masses. Nephridiopores aligned with d.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colour bluish; body circular, slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Dimension: Holotype 66 mm by 4.5 mm at segment 9, 105 segments; paratypes 55-57.5 mm by 4.5 mm at segment 9, 66-96 segments. Setae lumbricine; some setae on anterior segments may be absent (Table 1); setae ab enlarged on segment 8 and posterioriad segments (Fig. 3A); setal formula aa = 5-7.5 ab = 1.11-3 bc = 5.71-7.5 cd = 0.17-0.31 dd at segment 8, aa = 6.25-14.5 ab = 0.71-1.11 bc = 8.33-14.5 cd = 0.24-0.29 dd at segment 20.</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="A462CAFF59290D7B7B0ABFF36CFCA053" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A462CAFF59290D7B7B0ABFF36CFCA053" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1. Presence (√) or absence (x) of setae on some anterior segments of the type materials.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<table pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
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<th colspan="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Setae on left side</th>
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<th colspan="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Setae on right side</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Paratype 1</td>
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<td colspan="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Setae on left side</td>
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<td colspan="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Setae on right side</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Paratype 2</td>
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<td colspan="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">setae on the left side</td>
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<td colspan="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">setae on the right side</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Clitellum annular, at segments 10-13 (= 4 segments), indicated by reddish colour and slight swelling, intersegmental furrows distinct. Spermathecal pores paired, small transverse slits at setae at intersegmental furrow 7/8, aligned with setae c; male pores paired, large transverse slits at intersegmental furrow 10/11, slightly lateral to setae b lines. Genital markings absent. Nephridiopores, present from segment 3, aligned with setae d.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Septa 5/6/7/8/9 slightly muscular. Gizzards 3 in segments 15-17 (holotype and paratypes); intestine begins in segment 24. Last pair of hearts in segment 9; commissures of extra oesophageal vessel present on posterior face of septum 8/9, not recognizable on posterior face of 9/10. Testis sacs paired, in segments 9 and 10, extending to segment 15 on left side and to segment 17 on right side; vas deferens long, coiled in hairpin loops, aggregated into a mass as large as testis sac, discharging directly at about middle of dorsal face of prostate. Prostates paired, glandular, tubular, slightly bent at ental end (Fig. 3B); prostatic capsule shining, smooth, tubular, slightly bent entally (Fig. 3C); prostatic duct about half as long as gland, thick, slightly narrowed before entering parietes. Spermathecae paired, in segment 8; atrium bilobed, one lobe in segment 7 and the other in segment 8, each lobe tubular, very long and coiled into a compact mass occupying entire body cavity of respective segment, 9-10 mm long (when uncoiled); spermathecal duct short with a few coils entering at junction of two atrial lobes (Fig. 3D). Ovarian chamber incomplete; ovisacs paired extending back to segment 16. Nephridia holoic, avesiculate; functional at segment 10.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drawida thomasi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="thomasi">Drawida thomasi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Holotype - ventral view B Prostate and testis sac C Prostatic capsule D Spermathecal atria - partially uncoiled. Abbreviations: Atr. - Atrium; Div. in seg. - diverticula in segment; Pr.C. - Prostatic capsule; Prs. - Prostate; Pr.D. - Prostatic duct; Sp.D. - Spermathecal duct; Sp.P. - Spermathecal pore; TS - Testis sac; Vd - Vas deferens.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology. Named after Prof. (Dr.) A.P. Thomas, who initiated taxonomic studies on the earthworms of Kerala state at Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Kozhippara waterfalls (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.354028">11°21'14.5"N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="76.10811">76°6'29.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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) near Kakkadampoyil, 27 km away from Nilambur town, Malappuram District, Kerala State, India, 541 m a.s.l., by the side of tuber-ultivated field earlier used for coffee plantation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Known only from the type locality (Fig. 2).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="ingesta">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ingesta.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mostly silt, with tiny pieces of mica and organic material.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Autotomy is very common. Infested with nematodes in the region of reproductive system.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bushes with grassy under growth, loamy soil, rich in organic matter, by the side of tuber cultivated field earlier used for coffee plantation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drawida thomasi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="thomasi">Drawida thomasi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. belongs to a group of species of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drawida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Drawida</taxonomicName>
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with glandular prostates and bilobed spermathecal atria. It can be easily distinguished from other members of the group,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. robusta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="subspecies" species="robusta" subspecies="robusta">D. robusta robusta</taxonomicName>
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(Bourne, 1887),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. robusta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="subspecies" species="robusta" subspecies="ophidioides">D. robusta ophidioides</taxonomicName>
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(Bourne, 1894),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. ghatensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="ghatensis">D. ghatensis</taxonomicName>
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Michaelsen, 1910, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. somavarpatana" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="somavarpatana">D. somavarpatana</taxonomicName>
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Rao, 1921 by the characteristics as given in Table 2.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Table 2. Comparison of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drawida thomasi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="thomasi">Drawida thomasi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. with related species.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<table pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Character</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. robusta subsp. robusta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="subspecies" species="robusta" subspecies="robusta">D. robusta robusta</taxonomicName>
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(Bourne, 1887)
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. robusta subsp. ophidioides" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="subspecies" species="robusta" subspecies="ophidioides">D. robusta ophidioides</taxonomicName>
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(Bourne, 1894)
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. ghatensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="ghatensis">D. ghatensis</taxonomicName>
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Michaelsen, 1910
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. somavarpatana" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="somavarpatana">D. somavarpatana</taxonomicName>
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Rao, 1921
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. thomasi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="thomasi">D. thomasi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">§</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">§</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">§</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">¶</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">#</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |