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<document id="8264C0BEC38AF2E0DCFF52A7A65CFF1D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.632.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435352" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1703670979953" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Williams, David M. &amp; Vijver, Bart Van De" docDate="2023" docId="A2119C6CFFDA2347FF73FA83FE9A353D" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.632.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 632 (1)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.632.1.1/51385" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Ctenophora vertebra D. M. Williams &amp; Van de Vijver 2023, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="5E28E414FFD7234AFFFBFFD5FF903D20" masterDocTitle="The diatom genus Ctenophora: A discussion on its morphology, relationships, and some species" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1704293996680" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="2BCBE962ADFA3C0C5CBBC09EF756E774">The diatom genus Ctenophora: A discussion on its morphology, relationships, and some species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="29C0F8CFB32BF3B53363826316005B4C">Williams, David M.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="62A27EF1FFDA2347FF73FA83FB1B3850" box="[136,1163,1366,1393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDA2347FF73FA83FB1B3850" blockId="13.[136,1452,1366,1608]" box="[136,1163,1366,1393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="714F9A16FFDA2347FF73FA83FB1B3850" bold="true" box="[136,1163,1366,1393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FF73FA83FB1B3850" bold="true" box="[136,1163,1366,1393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FF73FA83FCFB3850" authority="(W. Greg.) D. M. Williams &amp; Van de Vijver" authorityName="D. M. Williams &amp; Van de Vijver" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="D. M. Williams &amp; Van de Vijver" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[136,875,1366,1393]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vertebra" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FF73FA83FEE73851" bold="true" box="[136,375,1366,1393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ctenophora vertebra</emphasis>
(W.Greg.) D.M.Williams &amp; Van de Vijver
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, 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="03FF4C13FFDA2347FC8CFA83FC623851" box="[887,1010,1366,1393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFDA2347FBFAFA83FB123850" box="[1025,1154,1366,1393]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 53–59" captionStart-1="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId-0="14.[136,243,1945,1967]" captionStartId-1="15.[136,243,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,190,1764]" captionTargetId-0="figure-22@14.[151,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@15.[151,1435,190,1764]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURES 53–59: Ctenophora vertebra. Fig. 53, reproduction of drawing for Synedra vertebra Gregory (1855: pl. 4, fig. 22); Figs 54–57, LM micrographs of C. vertebra, BM 24988, ‘lacustrine sands, Glenshira,near Inverary,Scotland’.Scale bar = 10μm; Fig. 58, reproduction of Synedra acicularis W.Sm. (1853: 70, pl. 11, fig. 86; Fig. 59, reproduction of Synedra socialis Rabenh. (1853: 56, pl. 4, fig. 22)." captionText-1="FIGURES 60–65: SEM micrographs. Figs 60, 61, Fragilaria sp., external and internal view of plain central area; Fig. 62, Tabulariopsis australis (M. Perag.) D.M.Williams (1988: 249), detail of central area; Figs 63, 64, Hannaea baicalensis Genkal et al. (2008: 322), detail of central area, Fig. 63, external view, Fig. 64, internal view, with robust buttressed area; Fig. 65, Fragilaria sp. (Lake Baikal), whole valve, external view of plain central area. Scale = 1μm (Figs 60, 61), Scale = 2μm (Fig. 64), Scale = 3μm (Fig. 62), Scale = 5μm (Fig. 63, 65)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435372" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435374" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10435372/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10435374/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 53–65</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="62A27EF1FFDA2347FF73FAABFD1838FB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDA2347FF73FAABFA3538B4" blockId="13.[136,1452,1366,1608]" box="[136,1445,1406,1428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Basionym: 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FF0DFAABFDF938B3" authorityName="Gregory" authorityYear="1855" box="[246,617,1406,1427]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vertebra">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FF0DFAABFE0C38B3" box="[246,412,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synedra vertebra</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FE51FAABFD9E38B3" box="[426,526,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vertebrata</emphasis>
) W.Greg
</taxonomicName>
. 1855 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FD53FAABFBDF38B3" box="[680,1103,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science</emphasis>
3: 41, pl. IV, fig. 22 (= our 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFDA2347FAA2FAABFA0E38B4" box="[1369,1438,1406,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–59" captionStartId="14.[136,243,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53–59: Ctenophora vertebra. Fig. 53, reproduction of drawing for Synedra vertebra Gregory (1855: pl. 4, fig. 22); Figs 54–57, LM micrographs of C. vertebra, BM 24988, ‘lacustrine sands, Glenshira,near Inverary,Scotland’.Scale bar = 10μm; Fig. 58, reproduction of Synedra acicularis W.Sm. (1853: 70, pl. 11, fig. 86; Fig. 59, reproduction of Synedra socialis Rabenh. (1853: 56, pl. 4, fig. 22)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDA2347FF73FA77FD1838FB" blockId="13.[136,1452,1366,1608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Synonym: 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FF0AFA77FCF23897" authority="(W. Greg.) Van Heurck 1896: 309" authorityName="Van Heurck" authorityPageNumber="309" authorityYear="1896" baseAuthorityName="W. Greg." box="[241,866,1442,1464]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="pulchella" variety="vertebra">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FF0AFA77FE0E3897" box="[241,414,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FE36FA77FD8E3897" box="[461,542,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vertebra</emphasis>
(W.Greg.) 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDA2347FD71FA76FCF23897" author="Van Heurck, H." box="[650,866,1442,1464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref16759" refString="Van Heurck, H. (1896) A Treatise on the Diatomaceae […] [Translated by W. E. Baxter]. William Wesley &amp; Son, London, 558 pp., 35 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2002" type="book" year="1896">Van Heurck 1896: 309</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDA2347FC6FFA77FBAC3897" author="Smith, W." box="[916,1084,1442,1464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="61 - 62" refId="ref16384" refString="Smith, W. (1856) Synopsis of British Diatomaceae. Vol. 2. John Van Voorst, London, 107 pp., 32 - 60, 61 - 62 A - E pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10706" type="book chapter" year="1856">Smith, 1856: 104</bibRefCitation>
, “Synedra Vertebra, Greg. Mic. Journ. vol. 3. pi. iv. 22 = 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FE96FA13FDBF38FB" authority=", Synop." authorityName="Synop." box="[365,559,1478,1500]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FE96FA13FE4E38FB" box="[365,478,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. pulchella</emphasis>
, Synop.
</taxonomicName>
xi. 84?”)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62A27EF1FFDA2347FF73FA3FFE173B03" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDA2347FF73FA3FFE173B03" blockId="13.[136,1452,1366,1608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFDA2347FF73FA3FFE173B03" collectedFrom="lacustrine sands" collectionCode="BM" country="United Kingdom" location="Inverary" municipality="Glenshira" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="BM 24988" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
TYPE:— 
<collectingCountry id="52AF6DEAFFDA2347FF29FA3FFEAE38DF" box="[210,318,1514,1535]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SCOTLAND</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectedFrom id="99A46E87FFDA2347FEB1FA3FFE763B20" box="[330,486,1514,1536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">lacustrine sands</collectedFrom>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="CA63B700FFDA2347FE14FA3FFDDF3B20" box="[495,591,1514,1536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Glenshira</collectingMunicipality>
, near 
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(
<specimenCode id="7A1E8501FFDA2347FD1DFA3FFCC638DF" box="[742,854,1514,1535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BM 24988</specimenCode>
!, 
<typeStatus id="F50393D8FFDA2347FC98FA3FFC3C3B20" box="[867,940,1514,1536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
?, https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/57f0e08a-1cdb-4262- 99e6-a64d88c254ec)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62A27EF1FFDA2347FF73F9E7FD3E3BDC" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDA2347FF73F9E7FDB03B68" blockId="13.[136,1452,1366,1608]" box="[136,544,1586,1608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Registration: http://phycobank.org/104112</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDA2347FF73F9A2FD3E3BDC" blockId="13.[136,1452,1654,2077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Valves lanceolate, tapering towards capitate poles; length ca. 44–104μm, width 2–4μm (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFDA2347FB78F9A3FB6B3BB1" box="[1155,1275,1654,1681]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–59" captionStartId="14.[136,243,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53–59: Ctenophora vertebra. Fig. 53, reproduction of drawing for Synedra vertebra Gregory (1855: pl. 4, fig. 22); Figs 54–57, LM micrographs of C. vertebra, BM 24988, ‘lacustrine sands, Glenshira,near Inverary,Scotland’.Scale bar = 10μm; Fig. 58, reproduction of Synedra acicularis W.Sm. (1853: 70, pl. 11, fig. 86; Fig. 59, reproduction of Synedra socialis Rabenh. (1853: 56, pl. 4, fig. 22)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 54–7</figureCitation>
). Sternum very narrow, regular, meeting distinctive ovoid central area, buttressed either sides of valve (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFDA2347FB79F94FFB6B3B95" box="[1154,1275,1690,1717]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–59" captionStartId="14.[136,243,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53–59: Ctenophora vertebra. Fig. 53, reproduction of drawing for Synedra vertebra Gregory (1855: pl. 4, fig. 22); Figs 54–57, LM micrographs of C. vertebra, BM 24988, ‘lacustrine sands, Glenshira,near Inverary,Scotland’.Scale bar = 10μm; Fig. 58, reproduction of Synedra acicularis W.Sm. (1853: 70, pl. 11, fig. 86; Fig. 59, reproduction of Synedra socialis Rabenh. (1853: 56, pl. 4, fig. 22)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 54–7</figureCitation>
). ‘Ghost striae’ present. Sternum meeting virgae, sternum larger than virgae, vimines reduced in size relative to virgae (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFDA2347FAF8F96BFAE73BF9" box="[1283,1399,1726,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–59" captionStartId="14.[136,243,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53–59: Ctenophora vertebra. Fig. 53, reproduction of drawing for Synedra vertebra Gregory (1855: pl. 4, fig. 22); Figs 54–57, LM micrographs of C. vertebra, BM 24988, ‘lacustrine sands, Glenshira,near Inverary,Scotland’.Scale bar = 10μm; Fig. 58, reproduction of Synedra acicularis W.Sm. (1853: 70, pl. 11, fig. 86; Fig. 59, reproduction of Synedra socialis Rabenh. (1853: 56, pl. 4, fig. 22)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 54–7</figureCitation>
). No data on apical pore fields, rimoportulae or girdle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62A27EF1FFDA2347FF46F8D3FE9A353D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDA2347FF46F8D3FE773AAC" blockId="13.[136,1452,1654,2077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Only preserved LM specimens of Gregory’s 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FD3EF8D3FC193A00" authorityName="Gregory" authorityYear="1855" box="[709,905,1798,1824]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vertebra">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FD3EF8D3FC193A00" box="[709,905,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synedra vertebra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been available for examination and these are limited to one slide from Dickie’s collection in BM (BM 24988). There are no doubt other specimens. Gregory’s own collection is poorly catalogued in BM and hence difficult currently to use, but it is well-known that the Glenshira material was widely circulated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDA2347FF46F842FE9A353D" blockId="13.[136,1452,1654,2077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Gregory noted of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FE71F843FDDE3A90" authorityName="Gregory" authorityYear="1855" box="[394,590,1942,1968]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vertebra">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FE71F843FDDE3A90" box="[394,590,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synedra vertebra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that “This form, which is very frequent in the deposit, belongs to the same division as 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FEF4F86EFE063AF4" box="[271,406,1978,2005]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FEF4F86EFE063AF4" box="[271,406,1978,2005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FE2FF86EFCCE3AF5" authority="&quot; (Gregory 1855: 41)" authorityName="&quot; (Gregory" authorityYear="1855" baseAuthorityName="Gregory" baseAuthorityPageNumber="41" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[468,862,1978,2005]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="acicularis">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FE2FF86EFDF33AF4" box="[468,611,1978,2005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. acicularis</emphasis>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDA2347FD79F86EFCC53AF5" author="Gregory, W." box="[642,853,1978,2005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="30 - 43" refId="ref13839" refString="Gregory, W. (1855) On a post-Tertiary lacustrine sand, containing Diatomaceous exuviae from, Glenshira, near Inverary. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 3: 30 - 43. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27608701]" type="journal article" year="1855">Gregory 1855: 41</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDA2347FC96F86EFBCB3AF5" author="Grunow, A." box="[877,1115,1978,2005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="315 - 472" refId="ref13967" refString="Grunow, A. (1862) Die osterreichischen Diatomaceen nebst Anschluss einiger neuen Arten von andern Lokalitaten und einer kritischen Uebersicht der bisher bekannten Gattungen und Arten. Erste Folge. Epithemieae, Meridioneae, Diatomeae, Entopyleae, Surirelleae, Amphipleureae. Zweite Folge. Familie Nitzschieae. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 315 - 472. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 54906243]" type="journal article" year="1862">Grunow (1862: 385)</bibRefCitation>
included it in his ‘2 Gruppe 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FF73F80BFE9E3AD8" authorityName="D. M. Williams &amp; Round" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" box="[136,270,2014,2040]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FF73F80BFE9E3AD8" box="[136,270,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ctenophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’; Van Heurck gave a very brief description including it as a variety of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDA2347FBBFF80BFE95353D" authority="(Van Heurck 1896: 309)" baseAuthorityName="Van Heurck" baseAuthorityPageNumber="309" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDA2347FBBFF80BFA813AD8" box="[1092,1297,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDA2347FAD9F80AFF6D353D" author="Van Heurck, H." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref16759" refString="Van Heurck, H. (1896) A Treatise on the Diatomaceae […] [Translated by W. E. Baxter]. William Wesley &amp; Son, London, 558 pp., 35 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2002" type="book" year="1896">Van Heurck 1896: 309</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>