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<document id="0BC6F6853C7A0FE04E81FE2770209357" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.632.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435352" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1703670979953" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Williams, David M. &amp; Vijver, Bart Van De" docDate="2023" docId="A2119C6CFFD62342FF73F949FBAE3B0C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.632.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 632 (1)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.632.1.1/51385" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Ctenophora pulchella D. M. Williams &amp; Round 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="5E28E414FFD7234AFFFBFFD5FF903D20" masterDocTitle="The diatom genus Ctenophora: A discussion on its morphology, relationships, and some species" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1704294298171" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="299529F17F6772BFBCBF717D86C69E4A">The diatom genus Ctenophora: A discussion on its morphology, relationships, and some species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B819EDFD4B0FDC9F831E907967F73AB6">Williams, David M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2EE034A3652C08C2EB91FAD365360D5C">Vijver, Bart Van De</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="62A27EF1FFD6234BFF73F949FC1E3B96" box="[136,910,1692,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD6234BFF73F949FC1E3B96" blockId="1.[136,910,1692,1719]" box="[136,910,1692,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="714F9A16FFD6234BFF73F949FC1E3B96" bold="true" box="[136,910,1692,1719]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD6234BFF73F949FC1E3B96" bold="true" box="[136,910,1692,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD6234BFF73F949FC943B96" authority="(Kutz.) D. M. Williams &amp; Round" authorityName="D. M. Williams &amp; Round" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Kutz." box="[136,772,1692,1719]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD6234BFF73F949FE133B97" bold="true" box="[136,387,1692,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
(Kütz.) D.M.Williams &amp; Round
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD6234BFCE9F949FC153B96" box="[786,901,1692,1718]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13–16" captionStart-2="FIGURES 17–21" captionStart-3="FIGURES 22–26" captionStart-4="FIGURES 27–31" captionStartId-0="2.[136,243,1711,1733]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,243,1831,1853]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" captionStartId-3="5.[136,243,1597,1619]" captionStartId-4="6.[136,243,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,696,1684]" captionTargetBox-1="[240,1347,191,1807]" captionTargetBox-2="[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetBox-3="[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetBox-4="[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetId-0="figure-265@2.[151,1436,674,1684]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@3.[239,1347,190,1807]" captionTargetId-2="figure-22@4.[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@5.[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetId-4="figure-22@6.[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–12: Ctenophora pulchella.Fig. 1, reproduction of the original drawing of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: pl. 29, fig. 87); Fig. 2, reproduction of the original description of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: 68); Fig. 3, reproduction of de Brébisson’s note on ‘Exilaria licmoidea’ from (Brébisson 1838: 41); Figs 4–11, LM micrographs of type specimens of Synedra pulchella (Figs 4–7, BM 18310, Figs 8–10, BM 18309, Fig. 12, colony from BM Adams Eul. 38. Scale bars = 10μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 13–16: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 13, external view of whole valve; Fig. 14, external view of portion of valve, to the right a portion of the VC with undulating pi and plain ‘space’ for the attachment at ‘central area’; Fig. 15, details of stria structure showing shape of areolae, virgae and portion of sternum; Fig. 16, external view of pole, with ocellulimbus and rimoportula. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 15, 16), = 2μm (Fig. 14), = 10μm (Fig. 13)." captionText-2="FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20)." captionText-3="FIGURES 22–26: Ctenophora pulchella. SEM micrographs, Fig. 22, external view of whole valve; Fig. 23, internal view of whole valve; Fig. 24, detail of pole, internal view showing, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 25, details of pole, external view of ocellulimbus, rimoportula and areolae; Fig. 26, detail of striae, external view of virgae, vimines, sternum and closing plates. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 24–26), 10μm (Figs 22, 23)." captionText-4="FIGURES 27–31: Ctenophora pulchella (“Exilaria licmoidea Breb., Exilaria pulchella Ralfs?! 160”, BM herb. Diat. 2542!). SEM micrographs, Figs 27 and 30, detail of central area showing buttressed central area (arrows); one plaque in the series indicated with dashed arrow. Fig. 28, details of pole with VC in situ, arrow indicated where arms meet; Fig. 29, detail of VC, white arrows indicating area of attachment to valve, irregular plaques indicated by dashed arrow; Fig. 31, detail of VC with attachment points to valve, undulating to fit virgae, plain to fit central area (arrows). Scale bars = 1μm (Fig. 28), = 2μm (Figs 27, 29, 30, 31)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435354" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435356" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435360" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435362" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10435354/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10435356/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10435360/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10435362/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 1–31</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD6234BFF73F93DFCC43BDD" blockId="1.[136,852,1768,1970]" box="[136,852,1768,1790]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Basionym: 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD6234BFF0DF93DFDAB3BDE" authority="Kutz. 1844: 68" authorityName="Kutz." authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1844" box="[246,571,1768,1790]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD6234BFF0DF93DFE343BDD" box="[246,420,1768,1789]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
Kütz. 1844: 68
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 29, fig. 87 (see 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD6234BFD02F93DFCDE3BDD" box="[761,846,1768,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,696,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-265@2.[151,1436,674,1684]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–12: Ctenophora pulchella.Fig. 1, reproduction of the original drawing of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: pl. 29, fig. 87); Fig. 2, reproduction of the original description of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: 68); Fig. 3, reproduction of de Brébisson’s note on ‘Exilaria licmoidea’ from (Brébisson 1838: 41); Figs 4–11, LM micrographs of type specimens of Synedra pulchella (Figs 4–7, BM 18310, Figs 8–10, BM 18309, Fig. 12, colony from BM Adams Eul. 38. Scale bars = 10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435354/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD6234BFF73F8D9FD6F3A01" blockId="1.[136,852,1768,1970]" box="[136,767,1804,1826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Synonyms: 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD6234BFF01F8D9FD053A02" authority="Ralfs ex Kutz. 1844: 68" authorityName="Kutz." authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1844" box="[250,661,1804,1826]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD6234BFF01F8D9FE383A01" box="[250,424,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
Ralfs ex Kütz. 1844: 68
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD6234BFD64F8D9FD6F3A01" box="[671,767,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">nom. nud.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD6234BFF73F8E5FD1F3A65" blockId="1.[136,852,1768,1970]" box="[136,655,1840,1862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD6234BFF73F8E5FDB63A65" authority="Breb. ex Kutz. 1849" authorityName="Kutz." authorityYear="1849" box="[136,550,1840,1862]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD6234BFF73F8E5FECA3A65" box="[136,346,1840,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
Bréb. ex Kütz. 1849
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD6234BFDD4F8E5FD1F3A65" box="[559,655,1840,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">nom. nud.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD6234BFF73F881FD333A49" blockId="1.[136,852,1768,1970]" box="[136,675,1876,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD6234BFF73F881FDE53A49" authority="(Kutz.) H. Schonf. 1907: 104" authorityName="H. Schonf." authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1907" baseAuthorityName="Kutz." box="[136,629,1876,1898]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD6234BFF73F881FECA3A49" box="[136,346,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
(Kütz.) H.Schönf. 1907: 104
</taxonomicName>
, 248
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD6234BFF73F8ADFDE73AAD" blockId="1.[136,852,1768,1970]" box="[136,631,1912,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD6234BFF73F8ADFDE73AAD" authority="(Kutz.) Lange-Bert. 1980: 749" authorityName="Lange-Bert." authorityPageNumber="749" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="Kutz." box="[136,631,1912,1933]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD6234BFF73F8ADFEDC3AAD" box="[136,332,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fragilaria pulchella</emphasis>
(Kütz.) Lange-Bert. 1980: 749
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="62A27EF1FFD62348FF73F849FCAD3F48" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD6234BFF73F849FDF03A91" blockId="1.[136,852,1768,1970]" box="[136,608,1948,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Registration: http://phycobank.org/104119 (
<typeStatus id="F50393D8FFD6234BFDD6F849FDC93A91" box="[557,601,1948,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD62348FF73F834FCAD3F48" blockId="1.[136,1452,2016,2079]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,617]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Valves lanceolate, gently tapering towards sub-capitate poles; length ca. 48–59μm, width ca. 2–4μm (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD6234BFAD3F835FA0E3ADA" box="[1320,1438,2016,2042]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,696,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-265@2.[151,1436,674,1684]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–12: Ctenophora pulchella.Fig. 1, reproduction of the original drawing of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: pl. 29, fig. 87); Fig. 2, reproduction of the original description of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: 68); Fig. 3, reproduction of de Brébisson’s note on ‘Exilaria licmoidea’ from (Brébisson 1838: 41); Figs 4–11, LM micrographs of type specimens of Synedra pulchella (Figs 4–7, BM 18310, Figs 8–10, BM 18309, Fig. 12, colony from BM Adams Eul. 38. Scale bars = 10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435354/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 4–11</figureCitation>
). Sternum very narrow, but linear, regular, slightly narrowing towards poles (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD6234BFC11F7D1FBFF353E" box="[1002,1135,2052,2078]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 17–19</figureCitation>
). Sternum meets at roughly square to broadly circular-oblong shaped ‘central area’, buttressed either side of valve (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FB8DFF4BFB7A3D98" box="[1142,1258,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,696,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-265@2.[151,1436,674,1684]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–12: Ctenophora pulchella.Fig. 1, reproduction of the original drawing of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: pl. 29, fig. 87); Fig. 2, reproduction of the original description of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: 68); Fig. 3, reproduction of de Brébisson’s note on ‘Exilaria licmoidea’ from (Brébisson 1838: 41); Figs 4–11, LM micrographs of type specimens of Synedra pulchella (Figs 4–7, BM 18310, Figs 8–10, BM 18309, Fig. 12, colony from BM Adams Eul. 38. Scale bars = 10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435354/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 4–11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FB03FF4BFA873D98" box="[1272,1303,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">19</figureCitation>
; arrow in 27 and 30); buttressing composed of modified virgae enclosing clear hyaline area (= ‘central area’), ‘ghost striae’ barely visible (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FF18FF33FEC63C20" box="[227,342,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,696,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-265@2.[151,1436,674,1684]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–12: Ctenophora pulchella.Fig. 1, reproduction of the original drawing of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: pl. 29, fig. 87); Fig. 2, reproduction of the original description of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: 68); Fig. 3, reproduction of de Brébisson’s note on ‘Exilaria licmoidea’ from (Brébisson 1838: 41); Figs 4–11, LM micrographs of type specimens of Synedra pulchella (Figs 4–7, BM 18310, Figs 8–10, BM 18309, Fig. 12, colony from BM Adams Eul. 38. Scale bars = 10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435354/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 4–11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FE98FF33FE113C20" box="[355,385,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FE75FF33FE493C20" box="[398,473,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–31" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27–31: Ctenophora pulchella (“Exilaria licmoidea Breb., Exilaria pulchella Ralfs?! 160”, BM herb. Diat. 2542!). SEM micrographs, Figs 27 and 30, detail of central area showing buttressed central area (arrows); one plaque in the series indicated with dashed arrow. Fig. 28, details of pole with VC in situ, arrow indicated where arms meet; Fig. 29, detail of VC, white arrows indicating area of attachment to valve, irregular plaques indicated by dashed arrow; Fig. 31, detail of VC with attachment points to valve, undulating to fit virgae, plain to fit central area (arrows). Scale bars = 1μm (Fig. 28), = 2μm (Figs 27, 29, 30, 31)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">27, 30</figureCitation>
). Sternum meeting and coalescing with virgae, both ca. same size, vimines reduced in size relative to virgae (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FE6AFEDFFD843C04" box="[401,532,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 17–19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FDD8FEDFFDFE3C04" box="[547,622,266,293]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–26" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1597,1619]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22–26: Ctenophora pulchella. SEM micrographs, Fig. 22, external view of whole valve; Fig. 23, internal view of whole valve; Fig. 24, detail of pole, internal view showing, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 25, details of pole, external view of ocellulimbus, rimoportula and areolae; Fig. 26, detail of striae, external view of virgae, vimines, sternum and closing plates. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 24–26), 10μm (Figs 22, 23)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">25, 26</figureCitation>
), appearing as mesh-work with ca. 4–8 strutted closing plates. Striae (= virgae+vimines) 13–14 (?) in 10μm, areolae ca. 20 (?) in 10μm, regularly spaced, parallel (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FB89FEFBFB623C68" box="[1138,1266,302,329]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–26" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1597,1619]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22–26: Ctenophora pulchella. SEM micrographs, Fig. 22, external view of whole valve; Fig. 23, internal view of whole valve; Fig. 24, detail of pole, internal view showing, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 25, details of pole, external view of ocellulimbus, rimoportula and areolae; Fig. 26, detail of striae, external view of virgae, vimines, sternum and closing plates. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 24–26), 10μm (Figs 22, 23)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 25, 26</figureCitation>
), extending onto mantle, in 2–4 ‘rows’ (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FE7FFE87FD943C4C" box="[388,516,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 17–19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FDF4FE87FDBF3C4C" box="[527,559,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–31" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27–31: Ctenophora pulchella (“Exilaria licmoidea Breb., Exilaria pulchella Ralfs?! 160”, BM herb. Diat. 2542!). SEM micrographs, Figs 27 and 30, detail of central area showing buttressed central area (arrows); one plaque in the series indicated with dashed arrow. Fig. 28, details of pole with VC in situ, arrow indicated where arms meet; Fig. 29, detail of VC, white arrows indicating area of attachment to valve, irregular plaques indicated by dashed arrow; Fig. 31, detail of VC with attachment points to valve, undulating to fit virgae, plain to fit central area (arrows). Scale bars = 1μm (Fig. 28), = 2μm (Figs 27, 29, 30, 31)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">29</figureCitation>
). Apical pore field as ocellulimbus (sunken pore field), composed of 6 x 8 rows/ columns of pores, situated entirely on valve mantle (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FD18FEA3FCAC3CB0" box="[739,828,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,191,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[239,1347,190,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 13–16: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 13, external view of whole valve; Fig. 14, external view of portion of valve, to the right a portion of the VC with undulating pi and plain ‘space’ for the attachment at ‘central area’; Fig. 15, details of stria structure showing shape of areolae, virgae and portion of sternum; Fig. 16, external view of pole, with ocellulimbus and rimoportula. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 15, 16), = 2μm (Fig. 14), = 10μm (Fig. 13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435356/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FCB1FEA3FC063CB1" box="[842,918,374,401]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–26" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1597,1619]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22–26: Ctenophora pulchella. SEM micrographs, Fig. 22, external view of whole valve; Fig. 23, internal view of whole valve; Fig. 24, detail of pole, internal view showing, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 25, details of pole, external view of ocellulimbus, rimoportula and areolae; Fig. 26, detail of striae, external view of virgae, vimines, sternum and closing plates. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 24–26), 10μm (Figs 22, 23)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24, 25</figureCitation>
). Marginal spines absent, but faint thickenings overhanging ocellulimbus (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FE3AFE4FFD8C3C94" box="[449,540,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,191,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[239,1347,190,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 13–16: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 13, external view of whole valve; Fig. 14, external view of portion of valve, to the right a portion of the VC with undulating pi and plain ‘space’ for the attachment at ‘central area’; Fig. 15, details of stria structure showing shape of areolae, virgae and portion of sternum; Fig. 16, external view of pole, with ocellulimbus and rimoportula. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 15, 16), = 2μm (Fig. 14), = 10μm (Fig. 13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435356/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FDD0FE4FFDDB3C95" box="[555,587,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–26" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1597,1619]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22–26: Ctenophora pulchella. SEM micrographs, Fig. 22, external view of whole valve; Fig. 23, internal view of whole valve; Fig. 24, detail of pole, internal view showing, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 25, details of pole, external view of ocellulimbus, rimoportula and areolae; Fig. 26, detail of striae, external view of virgae, vimines, sternum and closing plates. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 24–26), 10μm (Figs 22, 23)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">25</figureCitation>
). Rimoportulae simple, composed of (internally) paired lips situated on or adjacent to virga, externally occurring between virgae, one at each pole (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FC26FE6BFBA83CF8" box="[989,1080,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,191,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[239,1347,190,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 13–16: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 13, external view of whole valve; Fig. 14, external view of portion of valve, to the right a portion of the VC with undulating pi and plain ‘space’ for the attachment at ‘central area’; Fig. 15, details of stria structure showing shape of areolae, virgae and portion of sternum; Fig. 16, external view of pole, with ocellulimbus and rimoportula. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 15, 16), = 2μm (Fig. 14), = 10μm (Fig. 13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435356/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FBBCFE6BFBF53CF8" box="[1095,1125,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">18</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FB8EFE6BFB503CF9" box="[1141,1216,446,473]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–26" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1597,1619]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[248,1339,207,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22–26: Ctenophora pulchella. SEM micrographs, Fig. 22, external view of whole valve; Fig. 23, internal view of whole valve; Fig. 24, detail of pole, internal view showing, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 25, details of pole, external view of ocellulimbus, rimoportula and areolae; Fig. 26, detail of striae, external view of virgae, vimines, sternum and closing plates. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 24–26), 10μm (Figs 22, 23)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">22–25</figureCitation>
). Irregularly spaced, uneven silica plaques situated on mantle edge (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FD6AFE37FD773CDC" box="[657,743,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,191,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[239,1347,190,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 13–16: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 13, external view of whole valve; Fig. 14, external view of portion of valve, to the right a portion of the VC with undulating pi and plain ‘space’ for the attachment at ‘central area’; Fig. 15, details of stria structure showing shape of areolae, virgae and portion of sternum; Fig. 16, external view of pole, with ocellulimbus and rimoportula. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 15, 16), = 2μm (Fig. 14), = 10μm (Fig. 13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435356/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FD09FE37FC803CDC" box="[754,784,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–31" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27–31: Ctenophora pulchella (“Exilaria licmoidea Breb., Exilaria pulchella Ralfs?! 160”, BM herb. Diat. 2542!). SEM micrographs, Figs 27 and 30, detail of central area showing buttressed central area (arrows); one plaque in the series indicated with dashed arrow. Fig. 28, details of pole with VC in situ, arrow indicated where arms meet; Fig. 29, detail of VC, white arrows indicating area of attachment to valve, irregular plaques indicated by dashed arrow; Fig. 31, detail of VC with attachment points to valve, undulating to fit virgae, plain to fit central area (arrows). Scale bars = 1μm (Fig. 28), = 2μm (Figs 27, 29, 30, 31)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">27</figureCitation>
, dashed arrow, 29). Girdle composed of two (?) open bands, VC plus one C (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FEC5FDD3FE053F00" box="[318,405,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,191,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[239,1347,190,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 13–16: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 13, external view of whole valve; Fig. 14, external view of portion of valve, to the right a portion of the VC with undulating pi and plain ‘space’ for the attachment at ‘central area’; Fig. 15, details of stria structure showing shape of areolae, virgae and portion of sternum; Fig. 16, external view of pole, with ocellulimbus and rimoportula. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 15, 16), = 2μm (Fig. 14), = 10μm (Fig. 13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435356/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 14</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FE5AFDD3FE793F00" box="[417,489,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">20, 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FE0DFDD3FDF93F00" box="[502,617,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–31" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27–31: Ctenophora pulchella (“Exilaria licmoidea Breb., Exilaria pulchella Ralfs?! 160”, BM herb. Diat. 2542!). SEM micrographs, Figs 27 and 30, detail of central area showing buttressed central area (arrows); one plaque in the series indicated with dashed arrow. Fig. 28, details of pole with VC in situ, arrow indicated where arms meet; Fig. 29, detail of VC, white arrows indicating area of attachment to valve, irregular plaques indicated by dashed arrow; Fig. 31, detail of VC with attachment points to valve, undulating to fit virgae, plain to fit central area (arrows). Scale bars = 1μm (Fig. 28), = 2μm (Figs 27, 29, 30, 31)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">28, 29, 31</figureCitation>
); VC plain, 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD52348FD08FDD2FC993F00" box="[755,777,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">pi</emphasis>
with crenulated edge to fit virgae, central smooth area to fit ‘central area’ (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FED3FDFFFEEA3F64" box="[296,378,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–31" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27–31: Ctenophora pulchella (“Exilaria licmoidea Breb., Exilaria pulchella Ralfs?! 160”, BM herb. Diat. 2542!). SEM micrographs, Figs 27 and 30, detail of central area showing buttressed central area (arrows); one plaque in the series indicated with dashed arrow. Fig. 28, details of pole with VC in situ, arrow indicated where arms meet; Fig. 29, detail of VC, white arrows indicating area of attachment to valve, irregular plaques indicated by dashed arrow; Fig. 31, detail of VC with attachment points to valve, undulating to fit virgae, plain to fit central area (arrows). Scale bars = 1μm (Fig. 28), = 2μm (Figs 27, 29, 30, 31)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD52348FE75FDFEFE383F64" box="[398,424,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">pe</emphasis>
separated with ridge, ca. four times larger than pars interior (
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD52348FBB6FDFEFBF33F64" box="[1101,1123,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">pi</emphasis>
) (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FB81FDFFFB6A3F64" box="[1146,1274,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–31" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27–31: Ctenophora pulchella (“Exilaria licmoidea Breb., Exilaria pulchella Ralfs?! 160”, BM herb. Diat. 2542!). SEM micrographs, Figs 27 and 30, detail of central area showing buttressed central area (arrows); one plaque in the series indicated with dashed arrow. Fig. 28, details of pole with VC in situ, arrow indicated where arms meet; Fig. 29, detail of VC, white arrows indicating area of attachment to valve, irregular plaques indicated by dashed arrow; Fig. 31, detail of VC with attachment points to valve, undulating to fit virgae, plain to fit central area (arrows). Scale bars = 1μm (Fig. 28), = 2μm (Figs 27, 29, 30, 31)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 29, 31</figureCitation>
). Open portions of VC meet at pole, aligned horizontally (
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FDA1FD9BFD213F48" box="[602,689,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,191,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[239,1347,190,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 13–16: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 13, external view of whole valve; Fig. 14, external view of portion of valve, to the right a portion of the VC with undulating pi and plain ‘space’ for the attachment at ‘central area’; Fig. 15, details of stria structure showing shape of areolae, virgae and portion of sternum; Fig. 16, external view of pole, with ocellulimbus and rimoportula. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 15, 16), = 2μm (Fig. 14), = 10μm (Fig. 13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435356/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 14</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FD46FD9BFC953F48" box="[701,773,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[262,1325,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">20, 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD52348FCEAFD9BFCA13F48" box="[785,817,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–31" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[160,1427,190,1471]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27–31: Ctenophora pulchella (“Exilaria licmoidea Breb., Exilaria pulchella Ralfs?! 160”, BM herb. Diat. 2542!). SEM micrographs, Figs 27 and 30, detail of central area showing buttressed central area (arrows); one plaque in the series indicated with dashed arrow. Fig. 28, details of pole with VC in situ, arrow indicated where arms meet; Fig. 29, detail of VC, white arrows indicating area of attachment to valve, irregular plaques indicated by dashed arrow; Fig. 31, detail of VC with attachment points to valve, undulating to fit virgae, plain to fit central area (arrows). Scale bars = 1μm (Fig. 28), = 2μm (Figs 27, 29, 30, 31)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="7EC77DF2FFD52348FF73F97AFBB53A11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435354/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[136,243,1711,1733]" targetBox="[151,1436,696,1684]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD52348FF73F97AFBB53A11" blockId="2.[136,1452,1711,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD52348FF73F97AFEA03BE4" bold="true" box="[136,304,1711,1733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURES 1–12:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD52348FECEF97AFD9D3BE4" box="[309,525,1711,1732]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD52348FECEF97AFD983BE4" box="[309,520,1711,1732]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">Ctenophora pulchella</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Fig. 1, reproduction of the original drawing of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD52348FC32F97AFBE63BE4" box="[969,1142,1711,1732]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD52348FC32F97AFBE63BE4" box="[969,1142,1711,1732]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFD52348FB55F97AFAA83BE4" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[1198,1336,1711,1733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14943" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Kohne, Nordhausen. 152 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360" type="book" year="1844">Kützing (1844</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 29, fig. 87); Fig. 2, reproduction of the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD52348FD69F906FCD03BC8" box="[658,832,1747,1768]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD52348FD69F906FCD03BC8" box="[658,832,1747,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFD52348FC80F906FBA63BC9" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[891,1078,1747,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14943" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Kohne, Nordhausen. 152 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360" type="book" year="1844">Kützing (1844: 68)</bibRefCitation>
; Fig. 3, reproduction of de Brébisson’s note on ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD52348FF25F922FE023A2C" authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityYear="1838" box="[222,402,1783,1804]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD52348FF25F922FE023A2C" box="[222,402,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ from (
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFD52348FE21F922FD303A2C" author="Brebisson &amp; L. A" box="[474,672,1783,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref12804" refString="Brebisson, [L. A.] de (1838) Considerations sur les Diatomees et essai d'une classification des genres et des especes appartenant a cette famille. Memoires de la Societe Academique, Agricole, Industrielle et d'Instruction de l'Arrondissements de Falaise 1: 27 - 46. [https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 6433749 k / f 5. image]" type="journal article" year="1838">Brébisson 1838: 41</bibRefCitation>
); Figs 4–11, LM micrographs of type specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD52348FB6EF922FAD33A2C" box="[1173,1347,1783,1804]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD52348FB6EF922FAD33A2C" box="[1173,1347,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 4–7, BM 18310, Figs 8–10, BM 18309, Fig. 12, colony from BM Adams Eul. 38. Scale bars = 10μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7EC77DF2FFD42349FF73F8F2FC1A3A89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435356" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435356/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[136,243,1831,1853]" targetBox="[240,1347,191,1807]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD42349FF73F8F2FC1A3A89" blockId="3.[136,1452,1831,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD42349FF73F8F2FEAD3A1D" bold="true" box="[136,317,1831,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 13–16:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD42349FEBFF8FDFD873A1D" box="[324,535,1832,1853]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD42349FEBFF8FDFD873A1D" box="[324,535,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 13, external view of whole valve; Fig. 14, external view of portion of valve, to the right a portion of the VC with undulating 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD42349FCB2F899FCCC3A41" box="[841,860,1868,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">pi</emphasis>
and plain ‘space’ for the attachment at ‘central area’; Fig. 15, details of stria structure showing shape of areolae, virgae and portion of sternum; Fig. 16, external view of pole, with ocellulimbus and rimoportula. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 15, 16), = 2μm (Fig. 14), = 10μm (Fig. 13).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7EC77DF2FFD3234EFF73F875FBC13502" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435358/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[136,243,1952,1974]" targetBox="[262,1325,190,1928]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD3234EFF73F875FBC13502" blockId="4.[136,1452,1952,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD3234EFF73F875FEAF3A96" bold="true" box="[136,319,1952,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 17–21:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD3234EFEBCF874FD8B3A96" box="[327,539,1953,1974]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD3234EFEBCF874FD8B3A96" box="[327,539,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of ‘ghost striae’; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2 
<superScript id="DDCD8032FFD3234EFB41F83DFB583AD4" attach="left" box="[1210,1224,2024,2036]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">nd</superScript>
(?) band (copula) with ‘areola’–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7EC77DF2FFD2234FFF73F9E8FE083B9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435360" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435360/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[136,243,1597,1619]" targetBox="[248,1339,207,1573]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD2234FFF73F9E8FE083B9E" blockId="5.[136,1452,1597,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD2234FFF73F9E8FED03B72" bold="true" box="[136,320,1597,1619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 22–26:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD2234FFEB3F9E8FD8D3B72" box="[328,541,1597,1618]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD2234FFEB3F9E8FD8D3B72" box="[328,541,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM micrographs, Fig. 22, external view of whole valve; Fig. 23, internal view of whole valve; Fig. 24, detail of pole, internal view showing, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 25, details of pole, external view of ocellulimbus, rimoportula and areolae; Fig. 26, detail of striae, external view of virgae, vimines, sternum and closing plates. Scale bars = 1μm (Figs 24–26), 10μm (Figs 22, 23).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7EC77DF2FFD1234CFF73FA0DFBB83B5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435362/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[136,243,1496,1518]" targetBox="[160,1427,190,1471]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD1234CFF73FA0DFBB83B5D" blockId="6.[136,1452,1496,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFF73FA0DFEAF38CD" bold="true" box="[136,319,1496,1518]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 27–31:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFEB3FA0DFD8C38CD" box="[328,540,1496,1517]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFEB3FA0DFD8C38CD" box="[328,540,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(“ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFDCCFA0DFCBD38CE" authority="Breb." authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityYear="1838" box="[567,813,1496,1518]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFDCCFA0DFD7D38CD" box="[567,749,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
Breb.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFCC3FA0DFBB438CE" authority="Ralfs" authorityName="Ralfs" box="[824,1060,1496,1518]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFCC3FA0DFC7838CD" box="[824,1000,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
Ralfs
</taxonomicName>
?! 160”, BM herb. Diat. 2542!). SEM micrographs, Figs 27 and 30, detail of central area showing buttressed central area (arrows); one plaque in the series indicated with dashed arrow. Fig. 28, details of pole with VC 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFDF2F9F4FDD63B16" box="[521,582,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">in situ</emphasis>
, arrow indicated where arms meet; Fig. 29, detail of VC, white arrows indicating area of attachment to valve, irregular plaques indicated by dashed arrow; Fig. 31, detail of VC with attachment points to valve, undulating to fit virgae, plain to fit central area (arrows). Scale bars = 1μm (Fig. 28), = 2μm (Figs 27, 29, 30, 31).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="62A27EF1FFD1234DFF73F97BFAF13C4C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD1234CFF73F97BFA3C3AEE" blockId="6.[136,1453,1709,1998]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFD1234CFF73F97BFCDD3BE2" box="[136,845,1709,1732]" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="Penzance" country="United Kingdom" location="ENGLAND" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="BM 18310" specimenCount="1">
TYPE:— 
<collectingCountry id="52AF6DEAFFD1234CFF29F97BFEA53BE3" box="[210,309,1710,1731]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ENGLAND</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectorName id="874D48ACFFD1234CFEBDF97BFE333BE3" box="[326,419,1710,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Penzance</collectorName>
, [John] Ralfs (
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFDC6F97BFDDD3BC4" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<specimenCode id="7A1E8501FFD1234CFDC6F97BFD3D3BE3" box="[573,685,1709,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BM 18310</specimenCode>
! [Kützing 193], 
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFD1234CFCA7F97BFC4A3BC4" collectingDate="1844-03" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="Penzance" country="United Kingdom" location="ENGLAND" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="BM 18644" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="F50393D8FFD1234CFCA7F97BFC283BE3" box="[860,952,1710,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated here, https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/ 9545df61-a24c-4fa8-a796-e11279a9e9f4; 
<specimenCode id="7A1E8501FFD1234CFDA1F91AFD563BC5" box="[602,710,1743,1765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BM 18644</specimenCode>
! (Kützing 360 [
<date id="5E060BBAFFD1234CFCA2F91AFC453BC4" box="[857,981,1743,1765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1844-03">March 1844</date>
]
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFD1234CFC1FF91AFBA83BC4" box="[996,1080,1743,1764]" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="Penzance" country="United Kingdom" location="ENGLAND" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD1234CFC1FF91AFB993BC4" box="[996,1033,1743,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BM</collectionCode>
s.n.!
</materialsCitation>
and 
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFD1234CFB9CF91AFDAE3A25" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="Penzance" country="United Kingdom" location="ENGLAND" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD1234CFB9CF91AFB1C3BC4" box="[1127,1164,1743,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BM</collectionCode>
Adams Eul. 38! = Eulenstein, 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFF46F924FE653A26" box="[189,501,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diatomacearum species typicae</emphasis>
no. 38
</materialsCitation>
, “b) Penzance, Angl. 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFCECF924FC0C3A25" box="[791,924,1776,1798]" genus="Index" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="aqua" subSpecies="dulci">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFCECF924FC0C3A25" box="[791,924,1776,1798]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">In aqua dulci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” […] b) Spec. originale. Ktz. Bac. tab. 29. fig. 87 = 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFD1234CFF46F8C7FE973A07" box="[189,263,1810,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,696,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-265@2.[151,1436,674,1684]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–12: Ctenophora pulchella.Fig. 1, reproduction of the original drawing of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: pl. 29, fig. 87); Fig. 2, reproduction of the original description of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: 68); Fig. 3, reproduction of de Brébisson’s note on ‘Exilaria licmoidea’ from (Brébisson 1838: 41); Figs 4–11, LM micrographs of type specimens of Synedra pulchella (Figs 4–7, BM 18310, Figs 8–10, BM 18309, Fig. 12, colony from BM Adams Eul. 38. Scale bars = 10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435354/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
]; “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFEDFF8C7FE433A07" authority="Williams &amp; Vijver, 2023" authorityName="Williams &amp; Vijver" authorityYear="2023" box="[292,467,1810,1831]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFEDFF8C7FE433A07" box="[292,467,1810,1831]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03FF4C13FFD1234CFE21F8C7FD813A07" box="[474,529,1810,1831]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, on aquatic plants, Penzance, Feb., 1840, J. Ralfs”, 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD1234CFBF5F8C7FBA33A07" box="[1038,1075,1810,1831]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BM</collectionCode>
herb. Diat. 2536!; “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFB03F8C7FA383A08" authorityName="Williams &amp; Vijver" authorityYear="2023" box="[1272,1448,1810,1832]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">Exilaria pulchella</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFF46F8E1FEE83A69" box="[189,376,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kutz. Kies. Bacil. t.</emphasis>
29. 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFE58F8E6FE213A68" box="[419,433,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">f.</emphasis>
87, Penzance” [
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFDB6F8E6FEF93A4A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFDB6F8E6FD5F3A68" authority="Algae" authorityName="Algae" box="[589,719,1843,1864]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="British" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">British Algae</taxonomicName>
, dried specimens of marine and freshwater algae, including the Desmidieae and 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFF12F880FEF93A4A" baseAuthorityName="Ralfs" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[233,361,1877,1898]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diatomaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="family">Diatomaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, volume 1, no. 34, 1850, see 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFD77F880FCC83A4A" box="[652,856,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.</emphasis>
2 (7), 412, 1850–1?, for date see 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFB58F880FAFF3A4A" box="[1187,1391,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.</emphasis>
2 (7): 412, 1851 and 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFD1234CFEAAF8A3FE7C3AA1" author="SaYRe, G." box="[337,492,1909,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref16137" refString="SaYRe, G. (1969) CRYptOgamae EXsiccatae - aN aNNOtateD bibLiOgRaphY Of pubLisheD eXsiccatae Of aLgae, LicheNs, Hepaticae, aND Musci. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 19 (1): 1 - 174." type="journal article" year="1969">
Sayre 1969: 
<superScript id="DDCD8032FFD1234CFE36F8A3FE7C3AA1" attach="none" box="[461,492,1909,1931]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">971</superScript>
</bibRefCitation>
, “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFDFFF8A3FD553AAB" authorityName="Ralfs ex Kützing" authorityYear="1844" box="[516,709,1910,1931]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchellum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFDFFF8A3FD553AAB" box="[516,709,1910,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Exilaria pulchellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”]; “Penzance, 
<superScript id="DDCD8032FFD1234CFCA2F8A3FCE83AA1" attach="left" box="[857,888,1909,1931]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mr.</superScript>
Ralfs”, Diat. Herb. diat. 2534!, W. Smith, 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD1234CFAE7F8A3FAD13AAB" box="[1308,1345,1910,1931]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BM</collectionCode>
23735–6!; L4020117!, Penzance, Herb. Lenormand https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.4020117, 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD1234CFB58F842FB553A8C" box="[1187,1221,1943,1964]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FH</collectionCode>
: J. W. Bailey coll. E337 (http://www2.huh.harvard.edu/diatom/baileycat.htm), and 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD1234CFD15F86DFCBF3AED" box="[750,815,1976,1997]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ANSP</collectionCode>
: Febiger 3049, 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFC38F86DFC573AED" box="[963,967,1976,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">‘</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFC3CF86DFB223AEE" authority="Ralfs" authorityName="Ralfs" box="[967,1202,1976,1998]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFC3CF86DFBE93AED" box="[967,1145,1976,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
Ralfs
</taxonomicName>
ex Kutzing’ (I = 
<typeStatus id="F50393D8FFD1234CFAA3F86DFA323AEE" box="[1368,1442,1976,1998]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<footnote id="49A33174FFD1234CFF73F82CFECC350C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD1234CFF73F82CFECC350C" blockId="6.[136,1441,2041,2092]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
1 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD1234CFF15F82CFB0E352F" box="[238,1182,2041,2063]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The History of the Collections contained in the Natural history departments of the 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD1234CFBF3F82CFBD9352E" box="[1032,1097,2041,2062]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="British" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">British</taxonomicName>
museum
</emphasis>
[...], cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFD1234CFADEF82CFF26350C" author="SaYRe, G." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref16137" refString="SaYRe, G. (1969) CRYptOgamae EXsiccatae - aN aNNOtateD bibLiOgRaphY Of pubLisheD eXsiccatae Of aLgae, LicheNs, Hepaticae, aND Musci. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 19 (1): 1 - 174." type="journal article" year="1969">Sayre (1969: 175)</bibRefCitation>
, notes “c. 1850”.
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF46FF4BFE4E3D98" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,725]" box="[189,478,158,184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ADDITIONAL MATERIAL:—</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF46FF17FCAE3DFC" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,725]" box="[189,830,194,221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFD0234DFF46FF17FCAE3DFC" box="[189,830,194,221]" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="Ralfs" country="United Kingdom" location="Ilfracombe" municipality="Ilfracombe" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BM 18575" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="52AF6DEAFFD0234DFF46FF17FEBB3DFC" box="[189,299,194,220]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ENGLAND</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="CA63B700FFD0234DFEC2FF17FE273DFC" box="[313,439,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ilfracombe</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName id="874D48ACFFD0234DFE39FF17FE6D3DFC" box="[450,509,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ralfs</collectorName>
(
<specimenCode id="7A1E8501FFD0234DFDF7FF17FD1C3DFD" box="[524,652,194,221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM 18575</specimenCode>
! [Kützing 947])
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF46FF33FCBC3C21" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,725]" box="[189,812,230,257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFD0234DFF46FF33FCB83C21" box="[189,808,230,257]" collectingDate="1841-08" collectorName="J. R." country="Wales" location="Bangor" municipality="Bangor" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="52AF6DEAFFD0234DFF46FF33FE973C20" box="[189,263,230,256]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">WALES</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="CA63B700FFD0234DFEEEFF32FEF93C21" box="[277,361,231,257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bangor</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="5E060BBAFFD0234DFE88FF33FE7B3C20" box="[371,491,230,256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1841-08">
<collectingDate id="4E42F252FFD0234DFE88FF33FE7B3C20" box="[371,491,230,256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1841-08">Aug. 1841</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="874D48ACFFD0234DFE0CFF33FDB23C20" box="[503,546,230,256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">J.R.</collectorName>
[alfs], herb. Diat. 2536
</materialsCitation>
!
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF46FEDFFAF13C4C" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFD0234DFF46FEDFFCCC3C04" box="[189,860,266,293]" collectionCode="BM" country="France" location="Falaise" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BM 18308, BM 18309" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="52AF6DEAFFD0234DFF46FEDFFE893C04" box="[189,281,266,292]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="CA63B700FFD0234DFEDEFEDFFEE43C04" box="[293,372,266,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Falaise</collectingMunicipality>
(
<specimenCode id="7A1E8501FFD0234DFE7FFEDFFD953C04" box="[388,517,266,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM 18308</specimenCode>
! [Kützing 1731]); 
<specimenCode id="7A1E8501FFD0234DFD2DFEDEFCC83C04" box="[726,856,266,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM 18309</specimenCode>
!
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFD0234DFC93FEDEFBB63C69" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="Kutzing" country="France" location="Falaise" municipality="Falaise" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BM 18913" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="7A1E8501FFD0234DFC93FEDEFC7A3C04" box="[872,1002,266,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM 18913</specimenCode>
!, Mortain, “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFB8BFEDFFA3C3C04" authority="Breb." authorityName="Breb." box="[1136,1452,266,292]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFB8BFEDFFAF63C04" box="[1136,1382,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
Breb.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFF73FEFBFE843C68" authority="Kg." authorityName="Kg." box="[136,276,302,328]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFF73FEFBFF743C68" box="[136,228,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra</emphasis>
Kg.
</taxonomicName>
” (Kützing 1571 [Brébisson 407] [= 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFD66FEFBFC453C68" authority="Breb." authorityName="Breb." box="[669,981,302,328]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFD66FEFBFC013C68" box="[669,913,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
Bréb.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFC21FEFAFB8C3C68" box="[986,1052,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in litt.</emphasis>
]
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="9AD02727FFD0234DFBC8FEFAFACC3C4C" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="J. W. Bailey" country="France" location="Falaise" municipality="Falaise" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BM 2533" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="7A1E8501FFD0234DFBC8FEFAFB323C69" box="[1075,1186,302,329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM 2533</specimenCode>
! “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFB43FEFBFF563C4C" authority="Breb." authorityName="Breb." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFB43FEFBFA3B3C68" box="[1208,1451,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
Bréb.
</taxonomicName>
| 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFF22FE87FE743C4C" authority="Ralfs. Mortain" authorityName="Ralfs. Mortain" box="[217,484,338,364]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFF22FE87FEA53C4C" box="[217,309,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Exilaria</emphasis>
Ralfs. Mortain
</taxonomicName>
”, 
<collectorName id="874D48ACFFD0234DFE01FE86FD113C4C" box="[506,641,338,365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">J. W. Bailey</collectorName>
Coll. E338 (http://www2.huh.harvard.edu/diatom/baileycat.htm)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62A27EF1FFD02342FF46FEA3FBAE3B0C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF46FEA3FB5E3CDC" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The protologue for 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFE66FEA3FDFA3CB0" box="[413,618,374,400]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFE66FEA3FDFA3CB0" box="[413,618,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
notes for the locality that only “Originalexemplare wurden mir von dem Hrn. Berkeley mitgeteilt [Original specimens were given to me by Mr. Berkeley]” (
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFD0234DFBBAFE4FFA9B3C94" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[1089,1291,410,436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref14943" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Kohne, Nordhausen. 152 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360" type="book" year="1844">Kützing 1844: 68</bibRefCitation>
) and adds the name “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFF23FE6BFE793CF8" authority="Ralfs" authorityName="Ralfs" box="[216,489,446,472]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFF23FE6BFE323CF8" box="[216,418,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
Ralfs
</taxonomicName>
! (ex specimen)”. Further details were provided in 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFD0234DFBEDFE6BFB603CF8" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[1046,1264,446,472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref14981" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1849) Species Algarum. F. A. Brockhaus, Lipsiae. 922 pp." type="book" year="1849">Kützing (1849: 46)</bibRefCitation>
: “ 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFAFDFE6BFB2A3CDD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Ad Conferveas 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFF73FE36FE8C3CDC" box="[136,284,482,508]" genus="Index" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="aqua" subSpecies="dulci">in aqua dulci</taxonomicName>
Angliae et Galliae.—Specimina communicaverunt cl. Ralfs et De Brebisson. (v. s.)
</emphasis>
”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF46FDD2FC7F3FF4" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
In 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFF20FDD2FE993F01" box="[219,265,519,545]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
, four slides are listed as having specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFCFCFDD3FC413F00" box="[775,977,518,544]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFCFCFDD3FC413F00" box="[775,977,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(there are no species catalogued under the name 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFF36FDFFFEC33F64" authorityName="D. M. Williams &amp; Round" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" box="[205,339,554,580]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFF36FDFFFEC33F64" box="[205,339,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ctenophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in Kützing’s collection: 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFD8FFDFEFD303F65" box="[628,672,555,581]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
18308–18311 (there are a number of other Ralfs’ slides in 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFAC5FDFEFAFA3F65" box="[1342,1386,555,581]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
other than in Kützing’s collection). 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFE27FD9AFD983F49" box="[476,520,591,617]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
18310 (‘Kützing 193’) is described in the unpublished notebook to the collection as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFF4BFDA7FD973FAD" authority="Ralfs Penzance" authorityName="Ralfs Penzance" box="[176,519,626,653]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFF4BFDA7FEC33FAC" box="[176,339,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Exil. pulchella</emphasis>
Ralfs Penzance
</taxonomicName>
(Ralfs hand)’. There are no notes for 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFC4BFDA6FC4C3FAD" box="[944,988,627,653]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
18308, 18309 or 18311 (‘Kützing 1340’, ‘Kützing 1571’ or ‘Kützing 1731’, respectively) but all three were acquired from de Brébisson: two from Falaise, the third from Vire, both localities in 
<collectingRegion id="E87CE398FFD0234DFDFAFD6FFDEA3FF4" box="[513,634,698,724]" country="France" name="Haute-Normandie" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Normandy</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="52AF6DEAFFD0234DFD7FFD6EFD403FF5" box="[644,720,699,725]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">France</collectingCountry>
(summarised in 
<tableCitation id="673A18C1FFD0234DFC77FD6FFC4D3FF4" box="[908,989,698,724]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[136,224,772,796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1: The four slides in BM catalogued for Synedra pulchella." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73FCD1FCCE3E3C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73FCD1FCCE3E3C">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73FCD1FCCE3E3C" ID-Table-UUID="7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73FCD1FCCE3E3C" box="[136,862,772,796]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73FCD1FCCE3E3C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[136,224,772,796]" targetBox="[147,1071,813,1090]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF73FCD1FCCE3E3C" blockId="7.[136,862,772,796]" box="[136,862,772,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFF73FCD1FF6D3E3C" bold="true" box="[136,253,772,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 1:</emphasis>
The four slides in BM catalogued for 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFD6DFCD1FCCB3E3C" box="[662,859,772,796]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">Synedra pulchella</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF68FCFBFBBF3962" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="58B8DFDAFFD0DCB5FF68FCF8FBBF3962" box="[147,1071,813,1090]" gridcols="5" gridrows="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68FCF8FBBF3E63" box="[147,1071,813,835]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68FCF8FF4E3E63" box="[147,222,813,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM no.</th>
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE0FCF8FE1D3E63" box="[283,397,813,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kützing no.</th>
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE34FCF8FDF93E63" box="[463,617,813,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Locality</th>
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD41FCF8FC8A3E63" box="[698,794,813,835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Collector</th>
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FC97FCF8FBBF3E63" box="[876,1071,813,835]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Taxon name</th>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68FCA9FBBF3E8F" box="[147,1071,892,943]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68FCA9FF4E3E8F" box="[147,222,892,943]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18308</th>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE0FCA9FE1D3E8F" box="[283,397,892,943]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1731</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE34FCA9FDF93E8F" box="[463,617,892,943]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Falaise, France</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD41FCA9FC8A3E8F" box="[698,794,892,943]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brébisson</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FC97FCA9FBBF3E8F" box="[876,1071,892,943]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFC97FCA9FB893EB1" box="[876,1049,892,913]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFC97FCA9FB893EB1" box="[876,1049,892,913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFC8FFC4CFC633E8E" box="[884,1011,921,942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pulcherimma</emphasis>
]
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68FC15FBBF3EF6" box="[147,1071,960,982]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68FC15FF4E3EF6" box="[147,222,960,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18309</th>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE0FC15FE1D3EF6" box="[283,397,960,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1571</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE34FC15FDF93EF6" box="[463,617,960,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mortain, France</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD41FC15FC8A3EF6" box="[698,794,960,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brébisson</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FC97FC15FBBF3EF6" box="[876,1071,960,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFC97FC15FB893EF5" box="[876,1049,960,981]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFC97FC15FB893EF5" box="[876,1049,960,981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68FC32FBBF3EDE" box="[147,1071,999,1022]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68FC32FF4E3EDE" box="[147,222,999,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">183101</th>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE0FC32FE1D3EDE" box="[283,397,999,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">193</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE34FC32FDF93EDE" box="[463,617,999,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">[Penzance]</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD41FC32FC8A3EDE" box="[698,794,999,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ralfs</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FC97FC32FBBF3EDE" box="[876,1071,999,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFC97FC3DFB893EDD" box="[876,1049,1000,1021]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFC97FC3DFB893EDD" box="[876,1049,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68FBDAFBBF3962" box="[147,1071,1039,1090]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68FBDAFF4E3962" box="[147,222,1039,1090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18311</th>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE0FBDAFE1D3962" box="[283,397,1039,1090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1340</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE34FBDAFDF93962" box="[463,617,1039,1090]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vire, France</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD41FBDAFC8A3962" box="[698,794,1039,1090]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brébisson</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FC97FBDAFBBF3962" box="[876,1071,1039,1090]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFC97FBDAFB893904" box="[876,1049,1039,1060]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFC97FBDAFB893904" box="[876,1049,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFC8FFBF9FBB73961" authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityYear="1838" box="[884,1063,1068,1089]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFC8FFBF9FBB73961" box="[884,1063,1068,1089]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF73FB84FC413948" blockId="7.[136,977,1105,1128]" box="[136,977,1105,1128]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tableNote id="D75E2CF4FFD0234DFF73FB84FC413948" box="[136,977,1105,1128]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[147,1071,813,1090]" targetPageId="7">
<superScript id="DDCD8032FFD0234DFF73FB84FF1F397D" attach="left" box="[136,143,1105,1117]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</superScript>
With an extra label on the reverse of the slide: “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFDA4FB87FCA83947" authority="Kg." authorityName="Kg." box="[607,824,1106,1127]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFDA4FB87FC9D3947" box="[607,781,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
Kg.
</taxonomicName>
det. R. Patrick”
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF46FB6EFD003B1C" blockId="7.[136,1452,1210,1597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
In addition, the notebooks list Kützing’s collection numbers 943–954 as being from ‘Berkeley’, presumably meaning Miles Joseph Berkeley (1803–1889), the donator of the ‘Originalexemplare’ noted in the protologue for 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFF73FAD7FEC6383C" box="[136,342,1282,1308]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFF73FAD7FEC6383C" box="[136,342,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There are no specific comments in the notebook for ‘Kützing 948’ (
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFB87FAD7FB39383C" box="[1148,1193,1282,1308]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
17938, the slide label indicates the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFE64FAF2FD313860" authority="Kutz." authorityName="Kutz." box="[415,673,1318,1344]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Diatoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitreum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFE64FAF2FDCC3860" box="[415,604,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diatoma vitreum</emphasis>
Kütz.
</taxonomicName>
) or ‘Kützing 949’ (
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFC8FFAF3FC313860" box="[884,929,1318,1344]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
19285, the slide label indicates the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFF73FA9FFDCB3844" authority="(Lyngb.) C. Agardh" authorityName="C. Agardh" baseAuthorityName="Lyngb." box="[136,603,1354,1380]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Striatellaceae" genus="Striatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Striatellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="unipunctata">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFF73FA9FFEEC3844" box="[136,380,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Striatella unipunctata</emphasis>
(Lyngb.) C.Agardh
</taxonomicName>
). For ‘Kützing 946’ (of which there is no prepared 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFB72FA9EFB253845" box="[1161,1205,1355,1381]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
slide), ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFAF5FA9FFE3A38A9" authority=", Penzance, J." authorityName="Penzance, J." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dichotomum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFAF5FA9FFE8238A8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gomphonema dichotomum</emphasis>
, Penzance, J.
</taxonomicName>
Ralfs’ is recorded and for Kützing 947 (
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFC94FABBFC0C38A8" box="[879,924,1390,1416]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
18575) ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFBF8FABAFA3C38A9" authority=", Berkeley Kg." authorityName="Berkeley Kg." box="[1027,1452,1390,1417]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="prostratum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFBF8FABAFA9738A8" box="[1027,1287,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Encyonema prostratum</emphasis>
, Berkeley Kg.
</taxonomicName>
ms (?) Ilfracombe Ralfs’ is recorded. The latter series of specimens and names is included here to demonstrate that collection numbers ‘Kützing 943–954’ were actually from Berkeley. ‘Kützing 948’ and ‘Kützing 949’ are marine samples, neither having any specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFDA6FA0FFCB738D4" box="[605,807,1498,1524]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFDA6FA0FFCB738D4" box="[605,807,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; ‘Kützing 946’ and ‘Kützing 947’ are freshwater samples, but neither of those have any specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFD8CFA2BFCD33B38" box="[631,835,1534,1560]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFD8CFA2BFCD33B38" box="[631,835,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synedra pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
either (summarised in 
<tableCitation id="673A18C1FFD0234DFBB1FA2BFB0F3B38" box="[1098,1183,1534,1560]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,224,1644,1668]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2: Slides from Miles Joseph Berkeley in Kützing’s collection." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73F9B9FCEA3BA4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73F9B9FCEA3BA4">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Further material from Penzance in the 
<collectionCode id="4CA9B5BFFFD0234DFEC4F9F6FEFB3B1D" box="[319,363,1571,1597]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM</collectionCode>
is summarised in 
<tableCitation id="673A18C1FFD0234DFDCDF9F7FD1A3B1C" box="[566,650,1570,1596]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3: Slides in Kützing’s collection from Penzance." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EC77DF2FFDF2342FF73FF4AFD7C3D97" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="7EC77DF2FFDF2342FF73FF4AFD7C3D97">Table 3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73F9B9FCEA3BA4" ID-Table-UUID="7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73F9B9FCEA3BA4" box="[136,890,1644,1668]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EC77DF2FFD0234DFF73F9B9FCEA3BA4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[136,224,1644,1668]" targetBox="[147,1046,1685,1904]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF73F9B9FCEA3BA4" blockId="7.[136,890,1644,1668]" box="[136,890,1644,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFF73F9B9FF6D3BA4" bold="true" box="[136,253,1644,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 2:</emphasis>
Slides from Miles Joseph Berkeley in Kützing’s collection.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFD0234DFF68F943FC743A4F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="58B8DFDAFFD0DCB5FF68F940FB863A50" box="[147,1046,1685,1904]" gridcols="5" gridrows="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68F940FB863B8B" box="[147,1046,1685,1707]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68F940FF4E3B8B" box="[147,222,1685,1707]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BM no.</th>
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE9F940FE143B8B" box="[274,388,1685,1707]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kützing no.</th>
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE3DF940FDBF3B8B" box="[454,559,1685,1707]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Locality</th>
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD8CF940FD403B8B" box="[631,720,1685,1707]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Collector</th>
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FCE9F940FB863B8B" box="[786,1046,1685,1707]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Taxon name</th>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68F931FB863BDA" box="[147,1046,1764,1786]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68F931FF4E3BDA" box="[147,222,1764,1786]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">None</th>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE9F931FE143BDA" box="[274,388,1764,1786]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">946</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE3DF931FDBF3BDA" box="[454,559,1764,1786]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Penzance</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD8CF931FD403BDA" box="[631,720,1764,1786]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ralfs</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FCE9F931FB863BDA" box="[786,1046,1764,1786]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFCE9F931FB863BD9" box="[786,1046,1764,1785]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dichotomum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFCE9F931FB863BD9" box="[786,1046,1764,1785]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gomphonema dichotomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68F8DEFB863A01" box="[147,1046,1803,1825]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68F8DEFF4E3A01" box="[147,222,1803,1825]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18575</th>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE9F8DEFE143A01" box="[274,388,1803,1825]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">947</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE3DF8DEFDBF3A01" box="[454,559,1803,1825]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ilfracombe</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD8CF8DEFD403A01" box="[631,720,1803,1825]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ralfs</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FCE9F8DEFB863A01" box="[786,1046,1803,1825]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFCE9F8D9FC623A01" box="[786,1010,1804,1825]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="prostratum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFCE9F8D9FC623A01" box="[786,1010,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Encyonema prostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68F8E7FB863A68" box="[147,1046,1842,1864]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68F8E7FF4E3A68" box="[147,222,1842,1864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">17938</th>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE9F8E7FE143A68" box="[274,388,1842,1864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">948</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE3DF8E7FDBF3A68" box="[454,559,1842,1864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Penzance</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD8CF8E7FD403A68" box="[631,720,1842,1864]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ralfs</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FCE9F8E7FB863A68" box="[786,1046,1842,1864]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFCE9F8E6FC243A68" box="[786,948,1843,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Diatoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitreum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFD0234DFCE9F8E6FC243A68" box="[786,948,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diatoma vitreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFD0DCB5FF68F88FFB863A50" box="[147,1046,1882,1904]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FF68F88FFF4E3A50" box="[147,222,1882,1904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">19285</th>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FEE9F88FFE143A50" box="[274,388,1882,1904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">949</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FE3DF88FFDBF3A50" box="[454,559,1882,1904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Penzance</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FD8CF88FFD403A50" box="[631,720,1882,1904]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ralfs</td>
<td id="D7594644FFD0DCB5FCE9F88FFB863A50" box="[786,1046,1882,1904]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFD0234DFCE9F88FFC743A4F" box="[786,996,1882,1903]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Striatellaceae" genus="Striatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Striatellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="unipunctata">Striatella unipunctata</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="7EC77DF2FFDF2342FF73FF4AFD7C3D97" ID-Table-UUID="7EC77DF2FFDF2342FF73FF4AFD7C3D97" box="[136,748,159,183]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EC77DF2FFDF2342FF73FF4AFD7C3D97" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[136,224,159,183]" targetBox="[147,1186,200,497]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDF2342FF73FF4AFD7C3D97" blockId="8.[136,748,159,183]" box="[136,748,159,183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FF73FF4AFF6D3D97" bold="true" box="[136,253,159,183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 3:</emphasis>
Slides in Kützing’s collection from Penzance.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDF2342FF68FF1CFCFD3CD1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table id="58B8DFDAFFDFDCB5FF68FF1DFB323CD1" box="[147,1186,200,497]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr id="94882F38FFDFDCB5FF68FF1DFB323DFE" box="[147,1186,200,222]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FF68FF1DFF4E3DFE" box="[147,222,200,222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BM no.</th>
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FEE1FF1DFE1C3DFE" box="[282,396,200,222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kützing no.</th>
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FE23FF1DFDA33DFE" box="[472,563,200,222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Locality</th>
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FD8CFF1DFD403DFE" box="[631,720,200,222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Collector</th>
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FCEFFF1DFB323DFE" box="[788,1186,200,222]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taxon name [date from catalogue]</th>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFDFDCB5FF68FEC2FB323C0D" box="[147,1186,279,301]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FF68FEC2FF4E3C0D" box="[147,222,279,301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18644</th>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FEE1FEC2FE1C3C0D" box="[282,396,279,301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">360</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FE23FEC2FDA33C0D" box="[472,563,279,301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Penzance</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FD8CFEC2FD403C0D" box="[631,720,279,301]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ralfs</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FCEFFEC2FB323C0D" box="[788,1186,279,301]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FCEFFEC2FB883C0C" box="[788,1048,279,300]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dichotomum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FCEFFEC2FB883C0C" box="[788,1048,279,300]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gomphonema dichotomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[March 1844]
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFDFDCB5FF68FEEBFB323C74" box="[147,1186,318,340]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FF68FEEBFF4E3C74" box="[147,222,318,340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18670</th>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FEE1FEEBFE1C3C74" box="[282,396,318,340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">377</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FE23FEEBFDA33C74" box="[472,563,318,340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Penzance</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FD8CFEEBFD403C74" box="[631,720,318,340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ralfs</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FCEFFEEBFB323C74" box="[788,1186,318,340]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FCEFFEEBFC653C74" box="[788,1013,318,340]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="minutum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FCEFFEEBFC653C74" box="[788,1013,318,340]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gomphonema minutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[1842]
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFDFDCB5FF68FEB0FB323C5C" box="[147,1186,357,380]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FF68FEB0FF4E3C5C" box="[147,222,357,380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18953</th>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FEE1FEB0FE1C3C5C" box="[282,396,357,380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">479</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FE23FEB0FDA33C5C" box="[472,563,357,380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Penzance</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FCEFFEB0FB323C5C" box="[788,1186,357,380]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FCEFFEB3FC2F3C5B" authorityName="Greville" authorityYear="1823" box="[788,959,358,379]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Berkeleyaceae" genus="Berkeleya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FCEFFEB3FC2F3C5B" box="[788,959,358,379]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Berkeleya fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[March 1843]
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFDFDCB5FF68FE58FB323C83" box="[147,1186,397,419]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FF68FE58FF4E3C83" box="[147,222,397,419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19284</th>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FEE1FE58FE1C3C83" box="[282,396,397,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">729</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FE23FE58FDA33C83" box="[472,563,397,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Penzance</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FCEFFE58FB323C83" box="[788,1186,397,419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FCEFFE58FC763C83" box="[788,998,397,419]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Striatellaceae" genus="Striatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Striatellales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="unipunctata">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FCEFFE58FC763C83" box="[788,998,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Striatella unipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Nov. 1842]
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFDFDCB5FF68FE61FB323CEA" box="[147,1186,436,458]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FF68FE61FF4E3CEA" box="[147,222,436,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19301</th>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FEE1FE61FE1C3CEA" box="[282,396,436,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">744</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FE23FE61FDA33CEA" box="[472,563,436,458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Penzance</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FCEFFE61FB323CEA" box="[788,1186,436,458]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FCEFFE61FC643CEA" authorityName="Kützing" authorityYear="1844" box="[788,1012,436,458]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diatomaceae" genus="Rhabdonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Diatomales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="arcuatum">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FCEFFE61FC643CEA" box="[788,1012,436,458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rhabdonema arcuatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94882F38FFDFDCB5FF68FE09FB323CD1" box="[147,1186,476,497]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FF68FE09FF4E3CD1" box="[147,222,476,497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">17883</th>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FEE1FE09FE1C3CD1" box="[282,396,476,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1347</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FE23FE09FDA33CD1" box="[472,563,476,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Penzance</td>
<td id="D7594644FFDFDCB5FCEFFE09FB323CD1" box="[788,1186,476,497]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FCEFFE09FCFD3CD1" box="[788,877,476,497]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Striatellaceae" genus="Striatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Striatellales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">Striatella</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDF2342FF46FDF4FF403F40" blockId="8.[136,1452,545,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
With respect to the two names ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FDE7FDF4FD763F1B" box="[540,742,545,571]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FDE7FDF4FD763F1B" box="[540,742,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ and ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FCD7FDF4FBB03F1B" box="[812,1056,545,571]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FCD7FDF4FBB03F1B" box="[812,1056,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, the following are relevant to their status:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDF2342FF46FDBCFBAE3E17" blockId="8.[136,1452,545,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FF3CFDBCFE023FA3" box="[199,402,617,643]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FF3CFDBCFE023FA3" box="[199,402,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ralfs’, 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FE15FDBCFDAC3FA3" box="[494,572,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">invalid</emphasis>
(herbarium name): As noted above, several slides in BM (and elsewhere) can probably be considered part of Ralfs’ original material. These are all from Penzance, 
<collectingRegion id="E87CE398FFDF2342FBDBFD58FB1B3F87" box="[1056,1163,653,679]" country="United Kingdom" name="Cornwall" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cornwall</collectingRegion>
, with Ralfs acknowledged as collector; some were acquired from Joseph Berkeley, others from de Brébisson. A packet of material in BM has the following on its herbarium label: “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FDEBFD00FD4B3FCF" authority="Williams &amp; Vijver, 2023" authorityName="Williams &amp; Vijver" authorityYear="2023" box="[528,731,725,751]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FDEBFD00FD4B3FCF" box="[528,731,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03FF4C13FFDF2342FD18FD03FCB13FD0" box="[739,801,726,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, on aquatic plants, Penzance, Feb., 1840, J. Ralfs”. There is also material from Ralfs’ 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FE3BFD2CFF223E17" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FE3BFD2CFDC73E33" authority="Algae" authorityName="Algae" box="[448,599,761,787]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="British" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">British Algae</taxonomicName>
, dried specimens of marine and freshwater algae, including the Desmidieae and
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FF42FCCBFE723E18" authority="(Ralfs 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Ralfs" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[185,482,797,824]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diatomaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FF42FCCBFEDE3E17" box="[185,334,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diatomaceae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDF2342FEA6FCC8FE4A3E18" author="Ralfs, J." box="[349,474,797,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref15810" refString="Ralfs, J. (1850) British Algae, dried specimens of marine and freshwater algae, including the Desmidieae and Diatomaceae. Volume I, numbers 1 - 40. Penzance." type="book" year="1850">Ralfs 1850</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
for “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FDE6FCC8FD783E17" authorityName="Williams &amp; Vijver" authorityYear="2023" box="[541,744,797,823]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FDE6FCC8FD783E17" box="[541,744,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (no. 34; see 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDF2342FC7FFCC8FBBF3E17" author="SaYRe, G." box="[900,1071,797,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref16137" refString="SaYRe, G. (1969) CRYptOgamae EXsiccatae - aN aNNOtateD bibLiOgRaphY Of pubLisheD eXsiccatae Of aLgae, LicheNs, Hepaticae, aND Musci. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 19 (1): 1 - 174." type="journal article" year="1969">Sayre 1969: 97</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDF2342FF46FC94FD0B3EE7" blockId="8.[136,1452,545,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The name “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FEBCFC94FDE03E7B" authority="(Ralfs)" baseAuthorityName="Ralfs" box="[327,624,833,859]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FEBCFC94FD853E7B" box="[327,533,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
(Ralfs)
</taxonomicName>
” appears in 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDF2342FCFEFC94FB903E7B" author="Pritchard, A." box="[773,1024,833,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref15648" refString="Pritchard, A. (1852) A history of Infusorial animacules, living and fossil; illustrated by several hundred magnified representations. 3 rd Edition, viii. A new edition enlarged. Whittaker and Co., London, 704 pp., 24 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12194" type="book" year="1852">Pritchard (1852: 482)</bibRefCitation>
, but in spite of numerous references to ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FF4BFCB0FE513E5F" authority="Ralfs" authorityName="Ralfs" box="[176,449,869,895]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FF4BFCB0FEED3E5F" box="[176,381,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
Ralfs
</taxonomicName>
ex Kützing’ in much of the subsequent literature, most citations of this name are to the unpublished basionym for 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FE4EFC5CFD3A3E83" box="[437,682,905,931]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FE4EFC5CFD3A3E83" box="[437,682,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As far as can be established, the name 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FB96FC5CFAA93E83" box="[1133,1337,905,931]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FB96FC5CFAA93E83" box="[1133,1337,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has never been validly published by Ralfs or anyone else.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDF2342FF46FC04FDF139BF" blockId="8.[136,1452,545,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FF3CFC04FE2A3ECB" box="[199,442,977,1003]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FF3CFC04FE2A3ECB" box="[199,442,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Brébisson’ 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FDC0FC04FD193ECB" box="[571,649,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">invalid</emphasis>
(herbarium name): Kützing referred to ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FBB8FC04FA3B3ECB" authority="Brebisson" authorityName="Brebisson" box="[1091,1451,977,1003]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FBB8FC04FAA63ECB" box="[1091,1334,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
Brébisson
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FF73FC23FF5B392F" box="[136,203,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">in litt.</emphasis>
’, based on specimens received from de Brébisson (
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDF2342FCF2FC20FC42392F" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[777,978,1013,1039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref14981" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1849) Species Algarum. F. A. Brockhaus, Lipsiae. 922 pp." type="book" year="1849">Kützing 1849: 46</bibRefCitation>
, as does 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDF2342FBCEFC20FB75392F" author="Smith, W." box="[1077,1253,1013,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref16341" refString="Smith, W. (1853) Synopsis of British Diatomaceae. Vol. 1. John Van Voorst, London, 89 pp., 31 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10706" type="book" year="1853">Smith 1853: 70</bibRefCitation>
). As noted above, in BM there are several possible sources for these specimens. The most likely ‘type’ (original, or more appropriately, ‘intended type’) specimens are those from Mortain, 
<collectingRegion id="E87CE398FFDF2342FD13FBE8FCF13977" box="[744,865,1085,1111]" country="France" name="Haute-Normandie" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Normandy</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="52AF6DEAFFDF2342FC94FBEBFC2E3978" box="[879,958,1086,1112]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">France</collectingCountry>
, labelled as “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FBA5FBE8FA313977" authority="Breb." authorityName="Breb." box="[1118,1441,1085,1111]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FBA5FBE8FAC73977" box="[1118,1367,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
Breb.
</taxonomicName>
” (‘Kützing 1571’) (BM 18309, BM 18913, raw material in a packet on herbarium sheet ‘diat. 2533’, ‘Mortain’) [= ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FF6AFB50FE6D39BF" authority="Brebisson" authorityName="Brebisson" box="[145,509,1157,1183]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FF6AFB50FE1639BF" box="[145,390,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
Brébisson
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FDFFFB53FDD739BF" box="[516,583,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">in litt.</emphasis>
’].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDF2342FF46FB7CFEAB382B" blockId="8.[136,1452,545,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
There is also material from Vire (‘Kützing 1340’) (BM 18311), labelled “ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FBDBFB7CFAD139E3" authority="Breb." authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityYear="1838" box="[1056,1345,1193,1219]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FBDBFB7CFB6539E3" box="[1056,1269,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
Breb.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FAABFB7CFEA639C7" authority="Ralfs" authorityName="Ralfs" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FAABFB7CFF6039C7" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
Ralfs
</taxonomicName>
?! 160” (BM herb. Diat. 2542!), which is most likely the ‘intended type’ specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FAABFB18FEAB382B" authority="Breb." authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityYear="1838" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FAABFB18FF66382B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
Bréb.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A072D7AFFDF2342FF46FAC0FBAE3B0C" blockId="8.[136,1452,545,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0AA80A54FFDF2342FF46FAC0FBAE3B0C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
‘ 
<treatmentCitation id="AB190B6BFFDF2342FF3CFAC0FDEC380F" author="Brebisson &amp; L. A" box="[199,636,1301,1327]" page="41" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1838">
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FF3CFAC0FDEC380F" authority="' Brebisson 1838: 41" authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1838" box="[199,636,1301,1327]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FF3CFAC0FE06380F" box="[199,406,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
’ 
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDF2342FE58FAC0FDEC380F" author="Brebisson &amp; L. A" box="[419,636,1301,1327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref12804" refString="Brebisson, [L. A.] de (1838) Considerations sur les Diatomees et essai d'une classification des genres et des especes appartenant a cette famille. Memoires de la Societe Academique, Agricole, Industrielle et d'Instruction de l'Arrondissements de Falaise 1: 27 - 46. [https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 6433749 k / f 5. image]" type="journal article" year="1838">Brébisson 1838: 41</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FD7DFAC0FD44380F" box="[646,724,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">invalid</emphasis>
(no description, no illustration): 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FBC4FAC0FA9E380F" authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityYear="1838" box="[1087,1294,1301,1327]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FBC4FAC0FA9E380F" box="[1087,1294,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
first appeared in print as just a name and locality (“ 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FDCFFAECFC073873" authority="Nob. Vire" authorityName="Nob. Vire" box="[564,919,1337,1366]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">EXILARIA LICMOÏDEA Nob. Vire</taxonomicName>
” 
<treatmentCitation id="AB190B6BFFDF2342FC52FAECFB183873" author="Brebisson &amp; L. A" box="[937,1160,1337,1363]" page="41" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1838">
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDF2342FC52FAECFB183873" author="Brebisson &amp; L. A" box="[937,1160,1337,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref12804" refString="Brebisson, [L. A.] de (1838) Considerations sur les Diatomees et essai d'une classification des genres et des especes appartenant a cette famille. Memoires de la Societe Academique, Agricole, Industrielle et d'Instruction de l'Arrondissements de Falaise 1: 27 - 46. [https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 6433749 k / f 5. image]" type="journal article" year="1838">Brébisson 1838: 41</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, see 
<figureCitation id="B28331FFFFDF2342FB38FAECFA983873" box="[1219,1288,1337,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,696,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-265@2.[151,1436,674,1684]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–12: Ctenophora pulchella.Fig. 1, reproduction of the original drawing of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: pl. 29, fig. 87); Fig. 2, reproduction of the original description of Synedra pulchella from Kützing (1844: 68); Fig. 3, reproduction of de Brébisson’s note on ‘Exilaria licmoidea’ from (Brébisson 1838: 41); Figs 4–11, LM micrographs of type specimens of Synedra pulchella (Figs 4–7, BM 18310, Figs 8–10, BM 18309, Fig. 12, colony from BM Adams Eul. 38. Scale bars = 10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435354/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). It was noted again, just with its name, in 
<treatmentCitation id="AB190B6BFFDF2342FE2DFA88FD473858" author="Brebisson, L. A. de" box="[470,727,1373,1400]" page="275" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1839">
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDF2342FE2DFA88FD473858" author="Brebisson, L. A. de" box="[470,727,1373,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="263 - 276" refId="ref12881" refString="Brebisson, L. A. de (1839) Lettre de M. de Brebisson, a M. Charles Chevalier, Sur les preparations necessaires a l'etude des algues inferieures; Suivie d'un Catalogue des Especes connues des Desmidees et des Diatomees ou Bacillariees. In: Des microscopes et de leur usage. Description d'appareils et de procedes nouveaux, suivie d'experiences microscopiques puisees dans les meilleurs ouvrages anciens et les notes de M. Le Baillif, et d'un memoire sur les diatomees, etc. par M. De Brebisson (Ed. by C. Chevalier), Chez l'auteur, Crochard, Paris. pp. 263 - 276. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 39894560]" type="book chapter" year="1839">Brébisson (1839: 275)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
and 
<treatmentCitation id="AB190B6BFFDF2342FCEFFA88FC613857" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[788,1009,1373,1399]" page="69" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1844">
<bibRefCitation id="4E29508BFFDF2342FCEFFA88FC613857" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[788,1009,1373,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref14943" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Kohne, Nordhausen. 152 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360" type="book" year="1844">Kützing (1844: 69)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
but has never been validly published. Material exists in BM (
<collectingCountry id="52AF6DEAFFDF2342FE77FA54FE7438BB" box="[396,484,1409,1435]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
: Vire, “160 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FD96FA54FD5938BB" box="[621,713,1409,1435]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FD96FA54FD5938BB" box="[621,713,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Synedra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
| 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FD27FA54FC6438BB" authority="Breb." authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityYear="1838" box="[732,1012,1409,1435]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FD27FA54FC3C38BB" box="[732,940,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
Breb.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FC05FA54FA9B38BB" authority="Ralfs" authorityName="Ralfs" box="[1022,1291,1409,1435]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FC05FA54FB5938BB" box="[1022,1225,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria pulchella</emphasis>
Ralfs
</taxonomicName>
?!”, ‘Kützing 1340’, BM 18311, see https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/e2293b3c-8eee-423d-8815-ef57b85e2f12), which are specimens intended as 
<typeStatus id="F50393D8FFDF2342FEE9FA1FFEDD38C4" box="[274,333,1482,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FE7AFA1CFDC438C3" authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityYear="1838" box="[385,596,1481,1507]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FE7AFA1CFDC438C3" box="[385,596,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Inspection of this material yielded three different species, including what would be referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FE77FA38FD103B27" box="[396,640,1517,1543]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FE77FA38FD103B27" box="[396,640,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ctenophora pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Without a description or illustration, there is no rational way of deciding which of these three de Brébisson was referring to with his name 
<taxonomicName id="EDB856F9FFDF2342FC9DF9C4FBA73B0B" authorityName="' Brebisson" authorityYear="1838" box="[870,1079,1553,1579]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Licmophoraceae" genus="Exilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Licmophorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="licmoidea">
<emphasis id="18CCF168FFDF2342FC9DF9C4FBA73B0B" box="[870,1079,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Exilaria licmoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>