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<mods:title id="9276E4D0E7734928CA0231B2BE6CA4C8">Review of Ctenopeuca Bernhauer, a spiny, pipevine flower-associated rove beetle from South America (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Oxypodini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C5DA1CCB5F3656DBC8DA707B96EDDB7E">Barroso, Flavia B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D7D04230D3BF33FCA27F05FEF56911CA">Caron, Edilson</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA52FFA4FF720447FE6AFB8A" ID-CoL="8XKNZ" authority="Bernhauer, 1915" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,508,1030,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA52FFA4FF720447FEB0FB8B" bold="true" box="[151,294,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA52FFA4FECB0447FE6AFB8A" author="Bernhauer, M." box="[302,508,1030,1057]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" pagination="291 - 301" refId="ref5053" refString="Bernhauer, M. (1915) Zur Staphyliniden-Fauna von Sudamerika. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 76, 291 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 191519150207" type="journal article" year="1915">Bernhauer, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA52FFA4FF720405FE86FBF6" box="[151,272,1093,1116]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA52FFA4FEFC0404FE6FFBF7" author="Bernhauer, M." box="[281,505,1092,1117]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" pagination="291 - 301" refId="ref5053" refString="Bernhauer, M. (1915) Zur Staphyliniden-Fauna von Sudamerika. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 76, 291 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 191519150207" type="journal article" year="1915">Bernhauer, 1915: 299</bibRefCitation>
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(original description); Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926: 766 (list of species); Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1701 (list of species); Blackwelder, 1944: 166 (list of species); Blackwelder, 1952: 114 (nomenclatural notes); 
<treatmentCitation id="6C0210BACA52FFA4FF2204C2FE44FB30" author="Hanley, R. S. &amp; Ashe, J. S." box="[199,466,1154,1178]" page="184" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA52FFA4FF2204C2FE44FB30" author="Hanley, R. S. &amp; Ashe, J. S." box="[199,466,1154,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" pagination="183 - 191" refId="ref5297" refString="Hanley, R. S., Ashe, J. S. (1998) A new genus and species of aleocharine rove beetle (Coleoptera Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Hoplandriini) from the New World. Tropical Zoology, 11, 183 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1998.10539360" type="journal article" year="1998">Hanley &amp; Ashe, 1998: 184</bibRefCitation>
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(mention); 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA52FFA4FDAD04C2FD20FB30" author="Pace, R." box="[584,694,1154,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" pagination="225 - 398" refId="ref6012" refString="Pace, R. (2008) New records of Aleocharinae from Ecuador and Peru, with the description of new species, new subgenera and new genera (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Biodiversity of South America I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1, 225 - 398." type="journal article" year="2008">Pace, 2008</bibRefCitation>
(mention, key). 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA52FFA4FCBE04C2FC5FFB30" author="Pace, R." box="[859,969,1154,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" pagination="133 - 173" refId="ref6062" refString="Pace, R. (2009) Nuovi dati faunistici e tassonomici su Aleocharinae delle tribu Lomechusini, Hoplandriini, Oxypodini e Aleocharini del Sudamerica. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 59, 133 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 59.1.133 - 173" type="journal article" year="2009">Pace, 2009</bibRefCitation>
(mention). 
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<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA52FFA4FBD904C2FABAFB30" author="Asenjo, A. &amp; Irmler, U. &amp; Klimaszewski, J. &amp; Chandler, D. S. &amp; Fierros-Lopez, H. E. &amp; Vieira, J. S." box="[1084,1324,1154,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" pagination="1 - 406" refId="ref4950" refString="Asenjo, A., Irmler, U., Klimaszewski, J., Chandler, D. S., Fierros-Lopez, H. E. &amp; Vieira, J. S. (2019) Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Latin America: synopsis, annotated catalog, diversity and distribution. Zootaxa, 4621 (1), 1 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4621.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Asenjo 
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA52FFA4FB6F04C3FB2AFB30" box="[1162,1212,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019: 183
</bibRefCitation>
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(mention); 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA52FFA4FF2204E1FEC7FB13" author="Newton, A." box="[199,337,1185,1209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" refId="ref5631" refString="Newton, A. (2022) StaphBase. In: Banki, O., Roskov, Y., Doring, M., Ower, G., Hernandez Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Orn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Adriaenssens, E. M. et al., Catalogue of Life Checklist. August 2022. https: // doi. org / 10.48580 / dfsr- 3 gk" type="journal volume" year="2022">Newton 2022</bibRefCitation>
(mention).
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(
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species: 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA52FFA4FDBA04E1FC46FB12" ID-CoL="6BMMM" authority="Bernhauer, 1915" authorityName="Bernhauer (FMNH" authorityYear="1915" box="[607,976,1184,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heynei">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA52FFA4FDBA04E1FD4EFB12" box="[607,728,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
heynei 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA52FFA4FCCD04E0FC46FB12" author="Bernhauer, M." box="[808,976,1184,1208]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" pagination="291 - 301" refId="ref5053" refString="Bernhauer, M. (1915) Zur Staphyliniden-Fauna von Sudamerika. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 76, 291 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 191519150207" type="journal article" year="1915">Bernhauer, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(fixed by monotypy).
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<subSubSection id="A5B96520CA52FFA4FF7204A6FEE2F8EB" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA52FFA4FF7204A6FEE2F8EB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1254,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA52FFA4FF7204A6FE84FAAA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1254,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA52FFA4FEF904A7FE34FAAB" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[284,418,1255,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA52FFA4FEF904A7FE34FAAB" box="[284,418,1255,1281]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
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is a unique genus that may be separated from all other Aleocharinae by the following combination of characters: (1) males dimorphic, major males with elaborate abdominal ornamentation in the form of horns and tubercles (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FE9B056FFE7FFAE3" box="[382,489,1327,1353]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
); (2) abdominal integument overall smooth and shining (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FB84056FFB5CFAE3" box="[1121,1226,1326,1353]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 2, 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FB30056FFB62FAE3" box="[1237,1268,1327,1353]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">16</figureCitation>
); (3) pronotum broad and posteriorly broadly arcuate-produced, hypomeron not to just barely visible in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FAEB0513FF31FA3B" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5</figureCitation>
); (4) mesocoxal cavities contiguous, metasternal process slightly triangularly developed and barely extending between mesocoxae (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FE6105DBFE7AFA1F" box="[388,492,1435,1461]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 3, 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FE1305DAFD83FA1F" box="[502,533,1434,1461]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">15</figureCitation>
); (5) tarsal formula 5-5-5; (6) protibiae adorned with spines (robust socketed setae similar to 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA52FFA4FEE305FFFEEDFA73" box="[262,379,1471,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA52FFA4FEE305FFFEEDFA73" box="[262,379,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Aleochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (7) labrum roundly produced laterally, appearing medially broadly emarginate (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FB1805FFFAFFFA73" box="[1277,1385,1471,1497]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 8–9</figureCitation>
); (8) epipharynx with long seta-like cuticular trichae apicolaterally, occasionally visibly past apical labral margin dorsally; (9) mandibles strongly incurved with numerous conspicuous secondary denticulations (teeth) (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FB280647FAC1F98B" box="[1229,1367,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
); (10) male tergite VIII emarginate with serrate apical margin, flexor muscle attachment hyperdeveloped (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FAE6066BFAF4F9EF" box="[1283,1378,1579,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FA8A066BFA19F9EF" box="[1391,1423,1579,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">28</figureCitation>
); (11) male sternite VIII prominently acutely developed medially, flexor muscle attachment hyperdeveloped (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FA81060FFF20F927" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FF250633FF76F927" box="[192,224,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">29</figureCitation>
); (12) median lobe without athetine bridge with compressor plate elongate and anteriorly developed (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FADE0633FA01F927" box="[1339,1431,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FF7206D7FF21F91B" box="[151,183,1687,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">30</figureCitation>
); (13) apical lobe of median lobe evenly curved paramerally in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FBF506D7FBFBF91B" box="[1040,1133,1687,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FB9C06D7FB0FF91B" box="[1145,1177,1687,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">30</figureCitation>
); (14) copulatory piece with delicate and elongate flagellum, often slightly visible protruding out from internal sac when inverted (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FADE06FBFA19F97F" box="[1339,1423,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
); (15) paramere elongate with condylite and paramerite vellums fused and running closely alongside velar phragma (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FF7A0743FF60F8B7" box="[159,246,1794,1821]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
); (16) paramere apical lobe robust, fused to paramerite and velar phragma, and prominently developed anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FEF60767FEFEF8EB" box="[275,360,1830,1857]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5B96520CA52FFA7FF22070AFC0FFBDA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" type="description">
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA52FFA7FF22070AFC0FFBDA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1254,2037]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA52FFA4FF22070AFD4BF8CE" bold="true" box="[199,733,1866,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
Redescription (based mainly on 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA52FFA4FDB0070BFD5BF8CF" authorityName="Bernhauer (FMNH" authorityYear="1928" box="[597,717,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romani">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA52FFA4FDB0070BFD5BF8CF" bold="true" box="[597,717,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">C. romani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</emphasis>
Male. Body length, mean 
<quantity id="2A5B9B4ECA52FFA4FBF2070AFB17F8CF" box="[1047,1153,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.57" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="5.57">5.57 mm</quantity>
, standard deviation 
<quantity id="2A5B9B4ECA52FFA4FA8E070BFF50F823" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="0.86">0.86 mm</quantity>
. Maximum humeral width 1.00 mm. Body elongate; head and pronotum equal in width, elytra somewhat wider than pronotum, and abdomen tapering to apex (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA52FFA4FD4A07D3FC87F807" box="[687,785,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Fig. 2, 5</figureCitation>
). Pronotum and elytra overall dull with minute and dense microsculpture and some dispersed setiferous punctures; Head and abdominal segments slightly glossier, without minute and dense microsculpture. Abdominal setae longer than those of the remaining body. Head as wide as long; frontal suture absent; infraocular carina complete (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FD3500D7FCB5FF1B" box="[720,803,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
, arrow); neck absent; gular plate broad, with subparallel sides. Antenna long, reaching base of elytra; fine pubescence increasing gradually on antennomeres 5–11 (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FAAD00FBFA1BFF7F" box="[1352,1421,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); scape, pedicel, and antennomeres 3 each longer than wide; antennomere 4 subquadrate; antennomeres 5–10 wider than long, gradually increasing in width towards apex; antennomere 11 longer than wide, length almost equaling three preceding antennomeres combined; coeloconic sensilla present. Labrum transverse (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FB740167FB40FEEB" box="[1169,1238,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
); anterior margin with a protuberance at middle (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FE17010AFDA0FECE" box="[498,566,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), each with b-sensilla (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FCD2010AFCEDFECE" box="[823,891,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, bold arrow); a-sensilla long (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FB2C010AFA9BFECE" box="[1225,1293,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, thin arrow). Mandibles asymmetrical; left with one internal tooth and five dorsal tubercles above it (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FB69012DFB77FE22" box="[1164,1249,365,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); right with two internal teeth (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FEDB01D1FE07FE01" box="[318,401,401,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Maxilla with galea and lacinia equal length (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FC4E01D1FB96FE01" box="[939,1024,401,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); galea two times longer than wide, apical lobe densely ciliate; lacinia narrowing toward the apex, apex strongly curved internally, all internal margin densely ciliate; maxillary palpus with 4 articles, second and third with the same length and 4th about one-third of the length of preceding. Mentum hexagonal, three times wider than long; w-seta long, with the same width of mentum; u-seta short, the same length of mentum. Labium with first palpomere longest (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FBF3025FFBFFFD93" box="[1046,1129,543,569]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), second and third with the same length; glossa bifurcate, each lobe with long seta. Gular plate moderately broad, with subparallel sides, basal region microsculptured (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FE540226FD91FD2A" box="[433,519,614,640]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Pronotum slightly wider than long; anterior margin truncate; posterior margin broadly curved; hypomera weakly visible in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FCCB02C9FCE7FD09" box="[814,881,649,675]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Elytra longer and wider than pronotum; apical margin conspicuously emarginate (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FDC302EDFD00FD62" box="[550,662,685,712]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Figs. 2, 5</figureCitation>
). Hind wings developed. Mesoventrite process about half length of mesocoxae, rounded at apex, mesocoxae narrowly separated, mesocoxal cavities margined posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FADD0290FA18FD41" box="[1336,1422,720,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); metaventrite process shorter than mesoventrite process; isthmus with the same length of mesoventrite process. Tarsal formula 5-5-5. Abdomen gradually narrowing apically, abdominal segment IV the widest; first four visible tergites deeply impressed basally; tergites III, IV and VII at posterior-half with medial spine-like process directed dorsal-posterad (sometimes not developed) (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FD62031EFD42FCD2" box="[647,724,862,888]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FD04031EFC96FCD2" box="[737,768,862,888]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">16</figureCitation>
); sternum III and IV at posterior angles with a pair of spine-like process directed dorsal-posterad (sometimes not developed); tergum IX moderately subdivided at base; tergum VIII with posterior margin emarginate and serrate (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FD0E03E5FCDAFC15" box="[747,844,933,959]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FCBE03E5FCEDFC15" box="[859,891,933,959]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">28</figureCitation>
); sternum VIII with posterior margin projected medially (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FEEF0388FEFFFC49" box="[266,361,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FE900389FE03FC49" box="[373,405,969,995]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">29</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus elongate; median lobe curved in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FBCD0388FBEAFC49" box="[1064,1148,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Ctenopeuca romani: 17) Median lobe, lateral view; 18) Median lobe, ventro-lateral view; 19) Apex of median lobe, lateral view; 20) Paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
), at the middle of ventral face invaginated with an area not sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FD4403ACFD60FBAC" box="[673,758,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Ctenopeuca romani: 17) Median lobe, lateral view; 18) Median lobe, ventro-lateral view; 19) Apex of median lobe, lateral view; 20) Paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
); ostial lamella with densely short spines (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FB3C03ACFABBFBAC" box="[1241,1325,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Ctenopeuca romani: 17) Median lobe, lateral view; 18) Median lobe, ventro-lateral view; 19) Apex of median lobe, lateral view; 20) Paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
); athetine bridge absent; parameres with striated velums (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FD47044FFD60FB80" box="[674,758,1039,1066]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Ctenopeuca romani: 17) Median lobe, lateral view; 18) Median lobe, ventro-lateral view; 19) Apex of median lobe, lateral view; 20) Paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Female. Similar to male, except by the abdominal segments lacking spines; tergum VIII with posterior margin emarginate (not serrate as male) (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FBDC0473FB03FBE7" box="[1081,1173,1075,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FB450473FB56FBE7" box="[1184,1216,1075,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">32</figureCitation>
); sternum VIII with posterior margin curved to slightly projected medially (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FCE60416FCF6FBDA" box="[771,864,1110,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Figs. 27</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FC890416FC1DFBDA" box="[876,907,1110,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5B96520CA51FFA7FF22043AFD8CF86C" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA51FFA7FF22043AFE41F92E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FF22043AFEADFB3E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1146,1172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FEA5043AFE50FB3E" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[320,454,1146,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FEA5043AFE50FB3E" box="[320,454,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males exhibit a bimodal distribution for presence/absence of secondary sexual characters. Alpha males exhibit exaggerated abdominal ornamentation, while feminized beta males are indistinguishable from females and sport no abdominal ornamentation. Male dimorphism is often seen in groups where males demonstrate alternative mating strategies, such as fighting (alpha) versus sneaking (beta) males (
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FBCD04A4FB47FB54" author="Eberhard, W. G." box="[1064,1233,1252,1278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="420 - 426" refId="ref5171" refString="Eberhard, W. G. (1982) Beetle horn dimorphism: making the best of a bad lot. The American Naturalist, 119, 420 - 426. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 283920" type="journal article" year="1982">Eberhard 1982</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FB3F04A4FF44FA88" author="Moczek, A. P. &amp; Emlen, D. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="459 - 466" refId="ref5526" refString="Moczek, A. P. &amp; Emlen, D. J. (2000) Male horn dimorphism in the scarab beetle, Onthophagus taurus: do alternative reproductive tactics favour alternative phenotypes? Animal Behaviour, 59 (2), 459 - 466. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / anbe. 1999.1342" type="journal article" year="2000">Moczek &amp; Emlen 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FF380548FE77FA88" author="Neff, B. D. &amp; Svensson, E. I." box="[221,481,1288,1314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refId="ref5585" refString="Neff, B. D. &amp; Svensson, E. I. (2013) Polyandry and alternative mating tactics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 368, 20120045. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 2012.0045" type="journal volume" year="2013">Neff &amp; Svensson 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FE090548FD14FA88" author="Shuster, S. M." box="[492,642,1288,1314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="1683 - 1698" refId="ref6225" refString="Shuster, S. M. (1989) Male alternative reproductive strategies in a marine isopod crustacean (Paracerceis sculpta): the use of genetic markers to measure differences in fertilization success among a-, b-, and g-males. Evolution, 43, 1683 - 1698. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2409384" type="journal article" year="1989">Shuster 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FD6B0548FC1EFA88" author="Shuster, S. M. &amp; Wade, M. J." box="[654,904,1288,1314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="608 - 610" refId="ref6285" refString="Shuster, S. M. &amp; Wade, M. J. (1991) Equal mating success among male reproductive strategies in a marine isopod. Nature, 350, 608 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 350608 a 0" type="journal article" year="1991">Shuster &amp; Wade 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Where ecological information is available, all 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FF72056CFE8BFAEC" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,285,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FF72056CFE8BFAEC" box="[151,285,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are associated with flowers of 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FD69056BFC70FAEF" authority="(Aristolochiacea)" baseAuthorityName="Aristolochiacea" box="[652,998,1323,1349]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Aristolochia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FD69056BFC80FAEF" box="[652,790,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Aristolochia</emphasis>
(Aristolochiacea)
</taxonomicName>
, including the two described- (treated here) and several undescribed species. Given 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FD69050FFC84FAC3" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[652,786,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FD69050FFC84FAC3" box="[652,786,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported from 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FBCF050FFB22FAC3" box="[1066,1204,1359,1385]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Aristolochia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FBCF050FFB22FAC3" box="[1066,1204,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Aristolochia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers in all known instances, we speculate 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FE430533FDBAFA27" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[422,556,1395,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FE430533FDBAFA27" box="[422,556,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reproduce within 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FD190532FC10FA26" box="[764,902,1394,1420]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Aristolochia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FD190532FC10FA26" box="[764,902,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Aristolochia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers where alpha males guard this resource while beta males sneak entry to access mates. Many 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FD0505D5FCFCFA05" box="[736,874,1429,1455]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Aristolochia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FD0505D5FCFCFA05" box="[736,874,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Aristolochia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are notable for their pungent carrion- or dung-like odor that is targeted to attract flies for pollination. We believe adults feed on pollinators within the trumpet-shaped inflorescence, and females lay eggs within the flower where larvae predate and develop. 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FB8A059DFA0AFA5C" authority=", Polycanthode" authorityName="Polycanthode" box="[1135,1436,1500,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FB8A059DFB63FA5D" box="[1135,1269,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FAE7059CFA0AFA5C" box="[1282,1436,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Polycanthode</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Hoplandriini represent rare examples of male phenotypic bimodality in Aleocharinae. Whether male phenotype is determined by genotype (
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FE330663FD41F994" author="Shuster, S. M. &amp; Wade, M. J." box="[470,727,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="608 - 610" refId="ref6285" refString="Shuster, S. M. &amp; Wade, M. J. (1991) Equal mating success among male reproductive strategies in a marine isopod. Nature, 350, 608 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 350608 a 0" type="journal article" year="1991">Shuster &amp; Wade 1991</bibRefCitation>
), growth environment (
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FC010663FBE5F994" author="Emlen, D. J." box="[996,1139,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="131 - 136" refId="ref5212" refString="Emlen, D. J. (1994) Environmental control of horn length dimorphism in the beetle Onthophagus acuminatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 256, 131 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 1994.0060" type="journal article" year="1994">Emlen 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FB650663FA06F994" author="Moczek, A. P. &amp; Emlen, D. J." box="[1152,1424,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="459 - 466" refId="ref5526" refString="Moczek, A. P. &amp; Emlen, D. J. (2000) Male horn dimorphism in the scarab beetle, Onthophagus taurus: do alternative reproductive tactics favour alternative phenotypes? Animal Behaviour, 59 (2), 459 - 466. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / anbe. 1999.1342" type="journal article" year="2000">Moczek &amp; Emlen 2000</bibRefCitation>
), or both is unknown. Therefore, male form ratio and its relationship with frequency dependency and any temporal dynamics are also unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA51FFA7FF2206CEFD8CF86C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FF2206CEFEDBF902" box="[199,333,1678,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FF2206CEFEDBF902" box="[199,333,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents all diagnostic characters for 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FD1A06CEFCE1F902" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[767,887,1678,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Oxypodini">Oxypodini</taxonomicName>
listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FC0F06CEFB01F902" author="Seevers, C. H." box="[1002,1175,1678,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 289" refId="ref6186" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana, Zoology, 71, i - vi + 1 - 289." type="journal article" year="1978">Seevers (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, except for tergum IX, which is moderately subdivided at the base (narrowly in other 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FC8E06F1FC75F961" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[875,995,1713,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Oxypodini">Oxypodini</taxonomicName>
genera). Morphologically 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FAF306F2FA0AF966" box="[1302,1436,1714,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FAF306F2FA0AF966" box="[1302,1436,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles a 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FEC40696FE02F945" box="[289,404,1750,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Dexiogyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FEC40696FE02F945" box="[289,404,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Dexiogyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FDE40695FCE7F945" authority="(sensu Seevers 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Seevers" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[513,881,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Oxypodina">
Oxypodina (sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FD370695FCFFF945" author="Seevers, C. H." box="[722,873,1749,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 289" refId="ref6186" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana, Zoology, 71, i - vi + 1 - 289." type="journal article" year="1978">Seevers 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
because the frontal suture is absent, mesoventrite not carinate, mesoventral process slender and somewhat elongated, pronotum wider and the sternum VIII of male with triangular shaped apex (one difference is the pronotal hypomeron is weakly visible in lateral view in 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FAE3075CFA1AF89C" box="[1286,1420,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FAE3075CFA1AF89C" box="[1286,1420,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, 
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FEEE0700FE6BF8F0" author="Osswald, J. &amp; Bachmann, L. &amp; Gusarov, V." box="[267,509,1856,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="507 - 522" refId="ref5918" refString="Osswald, J., Bachmann, L. &amp; Gusarov, V. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of the beetle tribe Oxypodini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 507 - 522. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12081" type="journal article" year="2013">
Osswald 
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FE960700FE3DF8F0" box="[371,427,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
dissolved three of four genera originally included in the 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FB980700FB66F8F3" box="[1149,1264,1856,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Dexiogyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FB980700FB66F8F3" box="[1149,1264,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Dexiogyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group into two subtribes: Microglottina (
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FE500724FDBCF8D4" box="[437,554,1892,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Crataraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FE500724FDBCF8D4" box="[437,554,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Crataraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FDBA0724FD7BF8D4" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1856" box="[607,749,1892,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Haploglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FDBA0724FD7BF8D4" box="[607,749,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Haploglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Dinardina (
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FC490724FBA4F8D4" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1856" box="[940,1074,1892,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thiasophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FC490724FBA4F8D4" box="[940,1074,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Thiasophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FBAC0724FB2AF8D7" box="[1097,1212,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Dexiogyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FBAC0724FB2AF8D7" box="[1097,1212,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Dexiogyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not included in the study and remains a part of 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FE1107C8FCFEF808" authority="sensu Seevers (1978)" authorityName="Seevers" authorityYear="1978" box="[500,872,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Oxypodina">
Oxypodina 
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FD9207C8FD23F80B" box="[631,693,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="89324B5ACA51FFA7FD5907C8FCFEF808" author="Seevers, C. H." box="[700,872,1928,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 289" refId="ref6186" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana, Zoology, 71, i - vi + 1 - 289." type="journal article" year="1978">Seevers (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Presently it is not possible to allocate 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FAF307C8FA0AF808" box="[1302,1436,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FAF307C8FA0AF808" box="[1302,1436,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to a known subtribe of 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA51FFA7FE7F07ECFD83F86C" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[410,533,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Oxypodini">Oxypodini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5B96520CA51FFA7FF22078FFCA3F840" box="[199,821,1999,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA51FFA7FF22078FFCA3F840" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" box="[199,821,1999,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA51FFA7FF22078FFEF7F843" bold="true" box="[199,353,1999,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Distribution.</emphasis>
South America: 
<collectingCountry id="95B4763BCA51FFA7FDF80790FDC6F840" box="[541,592,2000,2026]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Peru</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="95B4763BCA51FFA7FD620790FD5DF840" box="[647,715,2000,2026]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA51FFA7FD3E0790FCBAF840" box="[731,812,2000,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1350]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 34. Map of Ctenopeuca distribution. The green spot indicates C. heynei (not exact record), the pink spot indicates C. romani (not exact record), and the red spot indicates C. romani (exact record)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618416/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B9DC6623CA50FFA6FF7D063AFD0CF954" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" startId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA50FFA6FF7D063AFD0CF954" blockId="3.[151,1436,1658,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA50FFA6FF7D063AFED7F939" bold="true" box="[152,321,1658,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA50FFA6FE52063BFDA6F938" box="[439,560,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA50FFA6FE52063BFDA6F938" box="[439,560,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 1–3) Lectotype of 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA50FFA6FD1D063BFBBAF939" authority="Bernhauer (FMNH)" authorityName="Bernhauer (FMNH" authorityYear="1915" box="[760,1068,1659,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heynei">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA50FFA6FD1D063BFCCEF939" box="[760,856,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">C. heynei</emphasis>
Bernhauer (FMNH)
</taxonomicName>
: 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA50FFA6FC230683FB68F971" authority="Bernhauer (FMNH)" authorityName="Bernhauer (FMNH" authorityYear="1928" box="[966,1278,1731,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romani">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA50FFA6FC230683FBBDF970" box="[966,1067,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">C. romani</emphasis>
Bernhauer (FMNH)
</taxonomicName>
: 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B9DC6623CA57FFA1FF7D0711FB2AF850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" startId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" targetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA57FFA1FF7D0711FB2AF850" blockId="4.[151,1437,1873,2042]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA57FFA1FF7D0711FEC7F8C3" bold="true" box="[152,337,1873,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">FIGURES 7–16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA57FFA1FEBF0712FDB3F8C3" authorityName="Bernhauer (FMNH" authorityYear="1928" box="[346,549,1874,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romani">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA57FFA1FEBF0712FDB3F8C3" box="[346,549,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Ctenopeuca romani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B9DC6623CA56FFA0FF7D0592FD20F9A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618404" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13618404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618404/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" startId="5.[152,270,1490,1514]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1466]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA56FFA0FF7D0592FD20F9A4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1490,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA56FFA0FF7D0592FEC8FA40" bold="true" box="[152,350,1490,1514]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">FIGURES 17–20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA56FFA0FE820592FDA7FA40" authorityName="Bernhauer (FMNH" authorityYear="1928" box="[359,561,1490,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romani">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA56FFA0FE820592FDA7FA40" box="[359,561,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Ctenopeuca romani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 17) Median lobe, lateral view; 18) Median lobe, ventro-lateral view; 19) Apex of median lobe, lateral view; 20) Paramere, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="A5B96520CA56FFA0FF720620FE48F9D0" box="[151,478,1632,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA56FFA0FF720620FE48F9D0" blockId="5.[151,478,1632,1658]" box="[151,478,1632,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
<heading id="B65481C7CA56FFA0FF720620FE48F9D0" bold="true" box="[151,478,1632,1658]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" reason="1">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA56FFA0FF720620FE48F9D0" bold="true" box="[151,478,1632,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
Key to 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA56FFA0FF140620FE48F9D0" box="[241,478,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA56FFA0FF140620FE16F9D0" bold="true" box="[241,384,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Ctenopeuca</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5B96520CA56FFA0FF7206E5FA0AF822" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" type="key">
<keyStep id="56572E0ECA56FFA0FF7206E5FA0AF822" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA56FFA0FF7206E5FA0BF95F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1701,1782]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
<keyLead id="5652959ECA56FFA0FF7206E5FA0BF95F" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
1. Head and pronotum concolorous, abdominal segments III–IV slightly lighter in color than V–VII (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA56FFA0FB5106E5FB79F910" box="[1204,1263,1701,1723]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Antennomere 4 quadrate. Male: posterior margin of abdominal tergum VIII with a prominent tooth on each side of serrate region (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA56FFA0FAAD0683FA07F972" box="[1352,1425,1731,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Female: posterior margin of abdominal tergum VIII with a slight tooth on each side of emargination (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA56FFA0FB4B06A0FB62F95C" box="[1198,1268,1760,1782]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[232,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21–27. Ctenopeuca heynei: 21) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 22) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 23) Median lobe, ventral view; 24) Median lobe, lateral view; 25) Paramere; 26) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 27) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618408/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
)...... 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA56FFA0FAA706A0FA0BF95F" ID-CoL="6BMMM" authorityName="Bernhauer (FMNH" authorityYear="1915" box="[1346,1437,1760,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heynei">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA56FFA0FAA706A0FA0BF95F" box="[1346,1437,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">C. heynei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED1C36ABCA56FFA0FF72075BFA0AF822" blockId="5.[151,1437,1819,1928]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
<keyLead id="5652959ECA56FFA0FF72075BFA0AF822" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
- Head darker than pronotum, abdominal segments III–IV conspicuously lighter in color than V–VII (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA56FFA0FB52075BFB62F89A" box="[1207,1268,1819,1841]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Ctenopeuca. 1–3) Lectotype of C. heynei Bernhauer (FMNH): 1) lateral view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII), 2) dorsal view, 3) ventral view. 1–3) Lectotype of C. romani Bernhauer (FMNH): 4) lateral view, 5) dorsal view, 6) ventral view. Scale bars 3.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618396/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Antennomere 4 wider than long (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA56FFA0FE6D0778FE52F8E7" box="[392,452,1848,1870]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,181,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[219,1369,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Ctenopeuca romani: 7) Antenna; 8) Labrum, dorsal view; 9) Detail of labrum, dorsal view (bold arrow indicates a-sensilla, thin arrow indicates b-sensilla); 10) Right mandible, dorsal view; 11) Left mandible, dorsal view; 12) Maxilla, dorsal view; 13) Labium, ventral view; 14) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates infraocular carina); 15) Meso- and metaventrite, ventral view; 16) Abdomen, dorsal view (ST3 indicates spine of tergum III, SS3 indicates spine of sternum III, ST4 indicates spine of tergum IV, SS4 indicates spine of sternum IV, ST7 indicates spine of tergum VII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618400/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Male: posterior margin of abdominal tergum VIII without a prominent tooth on each side of serrate region (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA56FFA0FECB0715FEEEF8C0" box="[302,376,1877,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Female: posterior margin of abdominal tergum VIII without tooth on each side of emarginate region (
<figureCitation id="75982A2ECA56FFA0FA900715FF6DF822" captionStart="FIGURES 28–33" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28–33. Ctenopeuca romani: 28) Tergum VIII, male, dorsal view; 29) Sternum VIII, male, dorsal view; 30) Median lobe, lateral view; 31) Spermatheca; 32) Tergum VIII, female, dorsal view; 33) Sternum VIII, female, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.6mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618412/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
).......................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="2AA34D28CA56FFA0FAD90733FA0AF822" ID-CoL="6BMMN" authorityName="Bernhauer (FMNH" authorityYear="1928" box="[1340,1436,1907,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ctenopeuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romani">
<emphasis id="DFD7EAB9CA56FFA0FAD90733FA0AF822" box="[1340,1436,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">C. romani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>