146 lines
19 KiB
XML
146 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="935B84507C810DB9BAF8A1FDB94C7DF7" ID-CLB-Dataset="5417" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3841.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8679cc28-c25c-442f-a18c-76dc15c78b0f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928308" ID-ZooBank="4323F034-7650-480C-8744-6ADF5CA24437" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623433464306" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Novak, Tone & Kozel, Peter" docDate="2014" docId="500787B37256FFAFAB93F87EFDE59652" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03841p145.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3841 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hadzinia Silhavy 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="144" masterDocId="AC3EFFCB725EFFA6AB04FFEAFFD2925D" masterDocTitle="Hadzinia ferrani, sp. n. (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae), a highly specialized troglobiotic harvestman from Slovenia" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1699010631056" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EEE4E3DC5C5DB6795EAEA06CF44EDDBD">Hadzinia ferrani, sp. n. (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae), a highly specialized troglobiotic harvestman from Slovenia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3AC409088B51C9107BE598F77E5298BA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1789680DDFB46DBB15CEA542EC8B2BF1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="33136DA6D3DBABC9FA478D7BECAE1AF5">Novak, Tone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1ACF66779BA41B32BF964C0C3ACD2103">Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, SI- 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. E-mail: tone. novak @ uni-mb. si</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0E7F1FA9E37F2436AACF53B6DBC55DD3">Kozel, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1800068A2A29D5F996FCAF3437B2F181">Karst Research Institute IZRK ZRC SAZU, Titov trg 2, SI- 6230 Postojna, Slovenia. E-mail: peter. kozel @ zrc-sazu. si</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9D140E365F3C79FBD6728B6EDEA5DF72">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BBF950F86F856F396CA455F75715FC18">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2B0636AC69FEBCD9F4870F575BB051E0">
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<mods:date id="C6DD312494FCD8F951BBE426D9F5DFDB">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1EAE65438C97DA58FD38FC30AFD44A70">2014-07-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5E74C8B6CCA0B637AF071A62FD1B87C4">3841</mods:number>
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<treatment id="500787B37256FFAFAB93F87EFDE59652" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928077" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928077" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:500787B37256FFAFAB93F87EFDE59652" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/500787B37256FFAFAB93F87EFDE59652" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
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<subSubSection id="90B4652E7256FFAEAB93F87EFE6195F3" box="[151,435,1940,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D81136A57256FFAEAB93F87EFE6195F3" blockId="8.[151,435,1940,1966]" box="[151,435,1940,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
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<heading id="835981C97256FFAEAB93F87EFE6195F3" bold="true" box="[151,435,1940,1966]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267256FFAEAB93F87EFE6195F3" ID-CoL="7PHYZ" authority="Silhavy, 1966" authorityName="Silhavy" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,435,1940,1966]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Hadzinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77256FFAEAB93F87EFE6195F3" bold="true" box="[151,435,1940,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77256FFAEAB93F87EFED495F3" bold="true" box="[151,262,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Hadzinia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BC3F4B547256FFAEAA09F87EFE6195F3" author="Silhavy, V." box="[269,435,1940,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref6063" refString="Silhavy, V. (1966) Uber die Genitalmorphologie der Nemastomatidae (Arach., Opiliones). Senckenbergiana biologica, 47 (1), 67 - 72." type="journal article" year="1966">Šilhavý, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="90B4652E7256FFAFAB93F830FDE59652" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D81136A57256FFAFAB93F830FBD593D5" blockId="8.[151,1437,2010,2035]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1040]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77256FFAEAB93F830FED895AE" bold="true" box="[151,266,2010,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Genus of very small (below
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<quantity id="1F569B407256FFAEA957F830FD7F95AE" box="[595,685,2010,2035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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), long-legged (leg II up to 23-times the length of body) troglobiotic
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFAB93FF7DFE8492ED" box="[151,342,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemastomatidae</taxonomicName>
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, characterized by distinctive male genital morphology. Ocular tubercle low or absent, eyes reduced. Male cheliceral apophysis and cheliceral gland openings absent. Pedipalps very long, 5.2−5.7-times as long as body, tarsus proximally conspicuously bent to ventral side. Truncus thin, base bifurcated. Glans truncated cone-like to elongate barrel-like shaped, slightly wider than truncus. Glans terminally truncated, with two lateral humps encompassing furrow and subapically emerged stylus on the ventral side in the middle of furrow, pointed in dorsal and ventral view. According to present knowledge, of scattered distribution in the central and western Dinaric region. Currently two described species (but compare
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<bibRefCitation id="BC3F4B547257FFAFA854FE9AFC2993D5" author="Karaman, I." box="[848,1019,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" pagination="240 - 248" refId="ref5177" refString="Karaman, I. (2013) Nemaspela ladae sp. n., a new troglobitic nemastomatid (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) from a Dinaric cave. Zootaxa, 3694 (3), 240 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3694.3.4" type="journal article" year="2013">Karaman 2013</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D81136A57257FFAFABC3FE7EFB7C9066" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">
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<bibRefCitation id="BC3F4B547257FFAFABC3FE7EFE5393F0" author="Karaman, I." box="[199,385,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" pagination="240 - 248" refId="ref5177" refString="Karaman, I. (2013) Nemaspela ladae sp. n., a new troglobitic nemastomatid (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) from a Dinaric cave. Zootaxa, 3694 (3), 240 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3694.3.4" type="journal article" year="2013">Karaman (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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suggests that the unusual distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFA85CFE7EFC6D93F1" authorityName="Silhavy" authorityYear="1966" box="[856,959,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Hadzinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFA85CFE7EFC6D93F1" box="[856,959,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Hadzinia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFA8FDFE7EFBA493F1" authorityName="Silhavy" authorityYear="1966" box="[1017,1142,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Nemaspela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFA8FDFE7EFBA493F1" box="[1017,1142,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Nemaspela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could indicate their relict status as elements of the paleo-European mainland fauna. This is justified, but the distinctive genital morphologies indicate that these two lineages most probably evolved from various ancestors which independently colonized the subterranean environment. While
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFA922FDEAFD719045" authorityName="Silhavy" authorityYear="1966" box="[550,675,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Nemaspela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFA922FDEAFD719045" box="[550,675,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Nemaspela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seems to be a subterranean offshoot of the
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFAFBAFDEAFAE09045" authorityName="Kratochvil & Miller" authorityYear="1958" box="[1214,1330,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Giljarovia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFAFBAFDEAFAE09045" box="[1214,1330,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Giljarovia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ancestor (
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<bibRefCitation id="BC3F4B547257FFAFAB9AFDCEFEED9060" author="Martens, J." box="[158,319,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" pagination="145 - 210" refId="ref5389" refString="Martens, J. (2006) Weberknechte aus dem Kaukasus (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 86 (2), 145 - 210." type="journal article" year="2006">Martens 2006</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFAA56FDCEFE6B9061" authorityName="Silhavy" authorityYear="1966" box="[338,441,548,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Hadzinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFAA56FDCEFE6B9061" box="[338,441,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Hadzinia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may have originated from the same ancestor as
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFA8D1FDCFFBDE9061" baseAuthorityName="Gruber" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[981,1036,549,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Pyza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFA8D1FDCFFBDE9061" box="[981,1036,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Pyza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFAF35FDCEFB759061" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="2006" box="[1073,1191,548,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Vestiferum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFAF35FDCEFB759061" box="[1073,1191,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Vestiferum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D81136A57257FFAFABC3FDA2FDE59652" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">
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It should be noted that
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFAAD5FDA2FC76903D" authority="Martens, 2006" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="2006" box="[465,932,583,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Nemaspela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorecurvata">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFAAD5FDA2FD2A903D" box="[465,760,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Nemaspela femorecurvata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BC3F4B547257FFAFA805FDA2FC76903D" author="Martens, J." box="[769,932,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" pagination="145 - 210" refId="ref5389" refString="Martens, J. (2006) Weberknechte aus dem Kaukasus (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 86 (2), 145 - 210." type="journal article" year="2006">Martens, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFA8DAFDA3FB24903D" authority="Karaman, 2013" authorityName="Karaman" authorityYear="2013" box="[990,1270,583,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Nemaspela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ladae">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFA8DAFDA3FBED903D" box="[990,1087,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">N. ladae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BC3F4B547257FFAFAF43FDA2FB24903D" author="Karaman, I." box="[1095,1270,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" pagination="240 - 248" refId="ref5177" refString="Karaman, I. (2013) Nemaspela ladae sp. n., a new troglobitic nemastomatid (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) from a Dinaric cave. Zootaxa, 3694 (3), 240 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3694.3.4" type="journal article" year="2013">Karaman, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been the only species in the genus missing the male cheliceral apophysis, which is also missing in
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFAFB4FD86FAC590D9" authorityName="Silhavy" authorityYear="1966" box="[1200,1303,620,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Hadzinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFAFB4FD86FAC590D9" box="[1200,1303,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Hadzinia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="BC3F4B547257FFAFAE2CFD86FEFC90F5" author="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G." pageId="9" pageNumber="144" pagination="347 - 375" refId="ref4848" refString="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G. (2009) Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Bitterfeld amber. In: Stoev, P., Dunlop, J. & Lazarov, S. (Eds.), A life caught in a spider's web. Papers in arachnology in honour of Christo Deltshev. ZooKeys, 16, 347 - 375. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 16.224" type="journal article" year="2009">Dunlop & Mitov (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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argue that the shape of the male cheliceral apophysis, viewed in isolation, is insufficient to identify the genus, since a few nemastomatid genera may evince a similar shape. Furthermore, its absence in highly adapted troglobionts is
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFAA44FD33FE5690AD" box="[320,388,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">per se</emphasis>
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not a useful characteristic for identification, since it may be just one convergence in a series of several adaptations to subterranean habitats. Therefore, genital morphology is of greatest importance in considering relationships between the studied taxa, as has been established for other opilionid groups (
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<bibRefCitation id="BC3F4B547257FFAFAB9AFCAEFE029100" author="Derkarabetian, S. & Steinmann, D. B. & Hedin, M." box="[158,464,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" pagination="10388" refId="ref4731" refString="Derkarabetian, S., Steinmann, D. B. & Hedin, M. (2010) Repeated and time-correlated morphological convergence in cavedwelling harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) from montane western North America. PLoS ONE, 5 (5), e 10388. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0010388" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Derkarabetian
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFAA4EFCAFFE559101" box="[330,391,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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). In this way, the external similarities between particular
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFAF7DFCAEFB329101" authorityName="Silhavy" authorityYear="1966" box="[1145,1248,836,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Hadzinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFAF7DFCAEFB329101" box="[1145,1248,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Hadzinia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1FAE4D267257FFAFAE1BFCAEFF3A91DD" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Nemaspela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="EADAEAB77257FFAFAE1BFCAEFA4E9101" box="[1311,1436,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Nemaspela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
imply either general adaptive convergence to the hypogean habitat, or convergence triggered either by living in similar habitats or by preying on comparable prey. All this additionally supports Karaman’s opinion that in these genera we are investigating a special case of evolution within paleo-European mainland fauna with respect to Balkans-Caucasus opilionid congeners. Phylogenetic investigation could contribute much to clarifying the relationships among the alleged taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |