347 lines
49 KiB
XML
347 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="81699780BD93AC466AE91DB7620625F9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5366.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151426" ID-ZooBank="D5CD7765-C984-48E6-83E9-05C79C92F2E7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700255862711" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cuesta-Porta, Victor, Melika, George, Nicholls, James A., Stone, Graham N. & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2023" docId="1662613EFFA6FF88FF8AA728FF5EFF00" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5366.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5366 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5366.1.1/52221" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Feron rucklei Melika, Nicholls & Stone 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="110" masterDocId="EA5B1946FFCEFFE5FF1DA277FFADFFD5" masterDocTitle="Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Feron Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1700257011190" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="893F8EADDD41F5114D96CB9106B91C8B">
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<mods:title id="2A63608A7E40690007392FEACAE7664C">Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Feron Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including the description of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C4C7ED964AC8592A53E5AB8E3ECBA8A5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B2012155C78B4D7AAA0AA8177EF6924D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CE4C264F9D12A1B6258EA063F7B05A45">Cuesta-Porta, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1696F8895177ECF2DD19373696C0093C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6616-904X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="611ABDE43C5FFE2F962E2BB2073650DF">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain & victorcp 93 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6616 - 904 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0B80BED3BA0C1ED7F9853F0A293A1CF1" type="email">victorcp93@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="C55185C6F12BEC08AD87651C39F414A8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6B31E89F2EFF657545B4616492235C06">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D77DE7EC79EEA050A65BC831533D9C86">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B59BFA64BB9925AC1AE0819B6093406F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5204-6890</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB4514004AE9B458C77C199D9A7BFBED">Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budaörsi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary & melikageorge @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5204 - 6890</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="22E5ED9463405D65FACBC7C2A191321C" type="email">melikageorge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B8E2E347067C337C7BB8B61A9E6CDFD1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3C6473CB5CC19535594A9065BAA054CF">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CE1712B60F12CE10B3C421AFA0C25982" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9325-563X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F9D0A7E7D6C1F73E005ED481B541AE7">Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia & james. nicholls @ csiro. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9325 - 563 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="156C5DA6E9CEBA629D8AABD790C91849" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0C5375C494C81EBCFB85183708D1D6A9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="86F0043E9165F22DD5551D7B7C44D1BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C2A52A1830749598A9F3474364F6B5D1">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="210ECE8FEA5C52191DB6EC307D358F5C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2737-696X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="806C528C7219973AF01D2B353E08054F">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 JT, Scotland, U. K. & gstone @ staffmail. ed. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2737 - 696 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="153E89E6550040BB61D110F1B98D12DE" type="email">gstone@staffmail.ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FB3CD6EB246440381DC7B677E9B5E1E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0986ACE1A43175F90B8FA185EC4B5530">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D31458DDB8A9BAF08ED4ACC2D259A195" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7798-2717</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="098C35519E5F173BEF9A7C263AE712A4">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain & Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain & jpujade @ ub. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7798 - 2717 Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C82F22427CC5500C9B7C43B151FA282D" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8306C3CB3F36D314645D46D2AD86BC60">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="80213A317B4C9EFF790BF4CCE239920A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="89F9710EF62928B99CA1AC6D28E8FAA7">
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<mods:date id="C0DC1B490691A3C17E65C142D62242CF">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E6881E231B92DBD7C6DE1A1F22577CA">2023-11-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DF3F61C4A5A083B44186591CD4076403">5366</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FD54196138D4C541746AD2EDFE2F44B1">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="642E60B26030AD2FB85BAC6FAF35B194">1</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="2BB5F1F336B8D3BF843A025000FBF882">
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<mods:url id="9CCD9EA0C089E83879DA7D39E8AA81E7">https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5366.1.1/52221</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F097092675B855E82D80ADD83844B929">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5A1A448D3C8E682721DBCDB5ED71E7A1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5366.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6B581775F6290689E8245F436DD23608" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8A6E6862F271251604FB493E3C37EC33" type="Zenodo-Dep">10151426</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2706475B945C8E8CBC54422DFA090F96" type="ZooBank">D5CD7765-C984-48E6-83E9-05C79C92F2E7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="1662613EFFA6FF88FF8AA728FF5EFF00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1662613EFFA6FF88FF8AA728FF5EFF00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1662613EFFA6FF88FF8AA728FF5EFF00" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA6FF8DFF8AA728FD46FAAC" box="[151,747,1374,1401]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA6FF8DFF8AA728FD46FAAC" blockId="104.[151,976,1374,1473]" box="[151,747,1374,1401]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<heading id="C53C6744FFA6FF8DFF8AA728FD46FAAC" bold="true" box="[151,747,1374,1401]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFF8AA728FD46FAAC" bold="true" box="[151,747,1374,1401]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA6FF8DFF8AA728FD2DFAAD" authority="Melika, Nicholls & Stone" authorityName="Melika, Nicholls & Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,640,1374,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rucklei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFF8AA728FE93FAAC" bold="true" box="[151,318,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Feron rucklei</emphasis>
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Melika, Nicholls & Stone
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FFA6FF8DFD90A728FD46FAAC" box="[653,747,1375,1401]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA6FF8DFF8AA7F4FC7DFA14" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA6FF8DFF8AA7F4FE9DFA48" blockId="104.[151,976,1374,1473]" box="[151,304,1411,1437]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFFA6FF8DFF8AA7F4FE9DFA48" box="[151,304,1411,1437]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 311–316" captionStart-1="FIGURES 317–320" captionStart-2="FIGURES 321–323" captionStartId-0="105.[151,264,1880,1904]" captionStartId-1="106.[151,264,1650,1674]" captionStartId-2="107.[151,264,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1423,195,1838]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1413,197,1608]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1659]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@105.[151,1436,181,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@106.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@107.[151,1436,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId-0="105" captionTargetPageId-1="106" captionTargetPageId-2="107" captionText-0="FIGURES 311–316. Feron rucklei, sp. nov., asexual female. 311–314, head: 311, frontal view, 312, posterior view, 313, dorsal view, 314, lateral view; 315, antenna. 316, fore wing." captionText-1="FIGURES 317–320. Feron rucklei, sp. nov., asexual female. 317, mesosoma, lateral view. 318, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 319, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 320, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 321–323. Feron rucklei, sp. nov., asexual generation. 321, asexual female, metasoma, lateral view. 322–323, galls: 322, young growing gall, 323, mature galls." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151571" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151573" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151575" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10151571/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10151573/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10151575/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Figs 311–323</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA6FF8DFF8AA7D0FC7DFA14" blockId="104.[151,976,1374,1473]" box="[151,976,1447,1473]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<uri id="EA5ADC2AFFA6FF8DFF8AA7D0FC7DFA14" box="[151,976,1447,1473]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="EA6DEAFDFFA6FF8DFEB1A7D0FC7DFA14" box="[428,976,1447,1473]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">26E3C69D-CE69-47D1-89B7-134EBE136AED</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA6FF8DFF8AA79FFBCAF9BA" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA6FF8DFF8AA79FFBCAF9BA" blockId="104.[151,1437,1512,2042]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFF8AA79FFEEAF9D7" bold="true" box="[151,327,1512,1538]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FFA6FF8DFE50A79FFCB4F9F3" collectingDate="2007-11-12" collectorName="J. Nicholls" country="Canada" location="Asexual" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="41706E8AFFA6FF8DFE50A79FFE48F9D7" box="[333,485,1512,1538]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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.
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<location id="9B1486F3FFA6FF8DFEF0A79FFDE4F9D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1662613EFFA6FF88FF8AA728FF5EFF00:9B1486F3FFA6FF8DFEF0A79FFDE4F9D7" box="[493,585,1512,1538]" country="Canada" name="Asexual" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="British Columbia">Asexual</location>
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female “
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<collectingCountry id="E6DC90B8FFA6FF8DFDB1A79FFCA8F9D7" box="[684,773,1512,1538]" name="Canada" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Canada</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="5C0F1ECAFFA6FF8DFC12A79FFC7EF9D7" box="[783,979,1512,1538]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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, Ruckle Provincial Park, leg.
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<collectorName id="333EB5FEFFA6FF8DFA03A79EFA35F9D7" box="[1310,1432,1512,1539]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date id="EA75F6E8FFA6FF8DFF8AA47BFEB5F9F3" box="[151,280,1548,1574]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" value="2007-11-12">
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||
<collectingDate id="FA310F00FFA6FF8DFF8AA47BFEB5F9F3" box="[151,280,1548,1574]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" value="2007-11-12">2007.11.12</collectingDate>
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</date>
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. Code BC352, spBCl1; ex
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<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA6FF8DFD22A47BFCA7F9F3" authorityName=", CA" authorityYear="1600" box="[575,778,1548,1574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="garryana">
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<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFD22A47BFCA7F9F3" box="[575,778,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Quercus garryana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FFA6FF8DFC3EA47BFC9FF9BB" collectionCode="USNM" country="Canada" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="9" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFFA6FF8DFC3EA47BFC13F9F3" box="[803,958,1548,1574]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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||
(9 asexual females) with the same labels as the
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||
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFFA6FF8DFFDDA447FE88F99F" box="[192,293,1584,1610]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, however, with different collecting codes: BC349-1, BC350-2, BC352-1, BC354-1, BC355-1, BC356- 3. The female
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<typeStatus id="41706E8AFFA6FF8DFE25A423FE37F9BB" box="[312,410,1620,1646]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
is deposited at the
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||
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFFA6FF8DFD6FA423FD6BF9BB" box="[626,710,1620,1646]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
,
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<specimenCount id="88CD1BA1FFA6FF8DFDCCA423FC9FF9BB" box="[721,818,1620,1646]" count="9" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="female">9 female</specimenCount>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FFA6FF8DFC24A422FBC9F9BA" box="[825,1124,1620,1647]" collectionCode="PHDNRL" country="Canada" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFFA6FF8DFC24A422FC09F9BA" box="[825,932,1621,1647]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
at the
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<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFFA6FF8DFCEDA422FBC9F9BA" box="[1008,1124,1621,1647]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA6FF8DFFDAA40FFBD2F947" box="[199,1151,1656,1683]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA6FF8DFFDAA40FFBD2F947" blockId="104.[151,1437,1512,2042]" box="[199,1151,1656,1683]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
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<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFFDAA40FFEE3F947" bold="true" box="[199,334,1656,1682]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after the site it was found, Ruckle Provincial Park.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA6FF8FFFDAA4EBFA2FF81B" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA6FF8FFFDAA4EBFA2FF81B" blockId="104.[151,1437,1512,2042]" lastBlockId="106.[151,1437,1792,1999]" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFFDAA4EBFEEFF963" bold="true" box="[199,322,1692,1718]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual females belong to the group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA6FF8DFC15A4EAFC09F963" box="[776,932,1692,1718]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFC15A4EAFCE6F963" box="[776,843,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Feron</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the body is never black; the head is rounded in frontal view with a slightly elevated median area of lower face which is smooth and shining; the gena at least slightly broadened behind the eye; ocelli are not elevated above the frons; inner margins of eyes are parallel or very slightly converging ventrally; the transfacial distance is longer than height of the eye; the antenna with 12 flagellomeres, sometimes suture between F11 and F12 incomplete; toruli are located above the mid-height of eyes; the eye is less than 3.0× as high as length of the malar space; lateral ocelli are smaller, OOL at least 2.5× as long as the diameter of the ocellus, if shorter then the head and mesosoma are not yellowish or light brown; the pronotum laterally with longitudinal carinae; the mesoscutum is alutaceous to coriaceous, rugose-reticulate, reticulate, without piliferous points; mesoscutellar foveae divided by a central carina; the mesopleuron is entirely smooth; as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA6FF8DFA95A5CAFF46F82F" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Lyon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFA95A5CAFF46F82F" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">F. bakkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asex),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA6FF8DFE58A596FE14F82F" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[325,441,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caepula">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFE58A596FE14F82F" box="[325,441,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">F. caepula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asex),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA6FF8DFD0FA596FD34F82F" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[530,665,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFD0FA596FD34F82F" box="[530,665,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">F. scutellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asex), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA6FF8DFC3FA596FC3DF82F" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[802,912,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellare">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA6FF8DFC3FA596FC3DF82F" box="[802,912,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">F. stellare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asex). Nevertheless, this species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA4FF8FFF8AA576FEA1F8CF" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[151,268,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caepula">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFF8AA576FEA1F8CF" box="[151,268,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">F. caepula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the brown body colour sometimes with darker marks, and parallel eyes, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA4FF8FFB86A576FAA2F8CF" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1179,1295,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caepula">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFB86A576FAA2F8CF" box="[1179,1295,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">F. caepula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is yellowish to light brown and has eyes converging strongly ventrally. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA4FF8FFCDBA552FB9BF8EB" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Lyon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[966,1078,1828,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFCDBA552FB9BF8EB" box="[966,1078,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">F. bakkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having mesoscutellar foveae conspicuous and smooth, while they are inconspicuous and faintly rugose in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA4FF8FFCF1A53EFBF6F8B7" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Lyon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1004,1115,1864,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFCF1A53EFBF6F8B7" box="[1004,1115,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">F. bakkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA4FF8FFBE7A53EFA2DF8B7" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1274,1408,1864,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFBE7A53EFA2DF8B7" box="[1274,1408,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">F. scutellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the coarsely rugose mesoscutellar disk, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA4FF8FFDB3A51AFC99F853" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[686,820,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFDB3A51AFC99F853" box="[686,820,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">F. scutellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is faintly reticulated and with a median elevated area. The most similar species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA4FF8FFED0A5E6FD96F87F" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[461,571,1936,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellare">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFED0A5E6FD96F87F" box="[461,571,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">F. stellare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs from it in having dark flagellomeres, the notaulus is complete and the third and subsequent metasomal terga with sparse micropunctures (more characters at couplet
|
||
<quantity id="59337DCDFFA4FF8FFBFDA5C3FAB4F81B" box="[1248,1305,1972,1998]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1938" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="in" value="47.0">47 in</quantity>
|
||
the key).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="CAB480A0FFA7FF8CFF8AA52FFD19F841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151571" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151571/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" startId="105.[151,264,1880,1904]" targetBox="[151,1423,195,1838]" targetPageId="105" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA7FF8CFF8AA52FFD19F841" blockId="105.[151,1436,1880,1940]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA7FF8CFF8AA52FFEC6F8A5" bold="true" box="[151,363,1880,1904]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">FIGURES 311–316.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA7FF8CFE6CA52EFE57F8A5" authority="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar, 2023" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[369,506,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rucklei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA7FF8CFE6CA52EFE57F8A5" box="[369,506,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Feron rucklei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA7FF8CFD1AA52FFDFAF8A5" bold="true" box="[519,599,1880,1904]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FFA7FF8CFD1AA52FFDFAF8A5" box="[519,599,1880,1904]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, asexual female. 311–314, head: 311, frontal view, 312, posterior view, 313, dorsal view, 314, lateral view; 315, antenna. 316, fore wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CAB480A0FFA4FF8FFF8AA405FC57F97B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151573" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151573/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" startId="106.[151,264,1650,1674]" targetBox="[161,1413,197,1608]" targetPageId="106" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA4FF8FFF8AA405FC57F97B" blockId="106.[151,1436,1650,1710]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFF8AA405FEC1F95F" bold="true" box="[151,364,1650,1674]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">FIGURES 317–320.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA4FF8FFE6EA404FE51F95F" authority="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar, 2023" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[371,508,1650,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rucklei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFE6EA404FE51F95F" box="[371,508,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Feron rucklei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA4FF8FFD15A405FDF5F95F" bold="true" box="[520,600,1650,1674]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FFA4FF8FFD15A405FDF5F95F" box="[520,600,1650,1674]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, asexual female. 317, mesosoma, lateral view. 318, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 319, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 320, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CAB480A0FFA5FF8EFF8AA4E4FDFEF91A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151575" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151575/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" startId="107.[151,264,1683,1707]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1659]" targetPageId="107" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA5FF8EFF8AA4E4FDFEF91A" blockId="107.[151,1437,1683,1744]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA5FF8EFF8AA4E4FEC3F97E" bold="true" box="[151,366,1683,1707]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">FIGURES 321–323.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA5FF8EFE69A4E3FE50F97E" authority="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar, 2023" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[372,509,1683,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rucklei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA5FF8EFE69A4E3FE50F97E" box="[372,509,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Feron rucklei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA5FF8EFD16A4E4FDF6F97E" bold="true" box="[523,603,1683,1707]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FFA5FF8EFD16A4E4FDF6F97E" box="[523,603,1683,1707]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, asexual generation. 321, asexual female, metasoma, lateral view. 322–323, galls: 322, young growing gall, 323, mature galls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA5FF89FFDAA556FC51F968" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA5FF8EFFDAA556FC2DF88A" blockId="107.[151,1437,1825,2032]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA5FF8EFFDAA556FEF4F8EE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1825,1851]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFFA5FF8EFD3DA556FD12F8E9" box="[544,703,1825,1852]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 311–316" captionStart-1="FIGURES 317–320" captionStart-2="FIGURES 321–323" captionStartId-0="105.[151,264,1880,1904]" captionStartId-1="106.[151,264,1650,1674]" captionStartId-2="107.[151,264,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1423,195,1838]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1413,197,1608]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1659]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@105.[151,1436,181,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@106.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@107.[151,1436,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId-0="105" captionTargetPageId-1="106" captionTargetPageId-2="107" captionText-0="FIGURES 311–316. Feron rucklei, sp. nov., asexual female. 311–314, head: 311, frontal view, 312, posterior view, 313, dorsal view, 314, lateral view; 315, antenna. 316, fore wing." captionText-1="FIGURES 317–320. Feron rucklei, sp. nov., asexual female. 317, mesosoma, lateral view. 318, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 319, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 320, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 321–323. Feron rucklei, sp. nov., asexual generation. 321, asexual female, metasoma, lateral view. 322–323, galls: 322, young growing gall, 323, mature galls." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151571" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151573" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151575" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10151571/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10151573/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10151575/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Figs 311–321</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head and antennae dark brown, maxillary and labial palpi light brown; mesosoma and metasoma reddish brown; legs light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA5FF89FFDAA51EFA8FFD50" blockId="107.[151,1437,1825,2032]" lastBlockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Head with sparse white setae, denser on lower face and clypeus, 1.2× as broad as high and slightly broader than mesosoma in frontal view,1.9x as broad as long from dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, very slightly broadened behind eye in frontal view, as broad as transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, glabrous, without striae; eye 2.4× as high as length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL 2.3× as long as OOL; OOL 1.8× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and slightly shorter than LOL; all ocelli slightly ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance slightly longer than height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 1.6× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.3× as long as diameter of torulus; lower face smooth, with dense white setae, without striae; slightly elevated median area smooth, glabrous, without setae. Clypeus smooth, glabrous, quadrangular, only slightly broader than high; ventrally rounded, not emarginate, without median incision and with dense long setae; anterior tentorial pit large, rounded, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line broad, well impressed. Frons and interocellar area delicately coriaceous to reticulate, without striae, with a few short setae. Vertex, occiput delicately coriaceous to reticulate, with sparse white setae; postgena and postocciput smooth, with dense long setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, area below impressed; occipital foramen as high as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which bend outwards; postgenal bridge anteriorly as broad as width of occipital foramen.Antenna longer than head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres, with dense long white setae; pedicel 1.65× as long as broad, flagellomeres broadening towards apex; F1 longer than scape+pedicel, F1 2.0× as long as pedicel and slightly longer than F2; F2 1.2× as long as F3; F3=F4, subsequent flagellomeres shorter, nearly equal in length, F12 slightly longer than F11; placodeal sensilla on F4–F12.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA2FF89FFDAA0F8FCDDFB3C" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Mesosoma slightly longer than high, with sparse short white setae. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, with delicate parallel rugae posterolaterally, with dense setae along anterior rim; propleuron smooth, glabrous. Mesoscutum alutaceous, with a few white setae along notaulus and denser setae anteriorly, between notauli; slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus complete, deep, with smooth, glabrous bottom; posteriorly strongly converging, distance between notauli shorter than distance between notaulus and lateral side of mesoscutum; anterior parallel and parapsidal lines distinct, marked with smooth lines; median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal carina narrow, smooth, reaching notaulus. Mesoscutellum longer than broad, trapezoid, uniformly rugose, broader in posterior 1/3, posteriorly slightly rounded, overhanging metanotum. Mesoscutellar foveae separated by triangular elevated coriaceous central carina, nearly rounded to slightly ovate, with smooth, glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum uniformly smooth, with a few setae ventrally; mesopleural triangle alutaceous, glabrous, with a few setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, with a few white short setae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, with subparallel sides, posteriorly shorter than height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron at mid height, upper part of sulcus indistinct. Metascutellum coriaceous, as high as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, with dense setae; central propodeal area smooth, glabrous, broad, lyre-shaped, without rugae; lateral propodeal carina bent strongly outwards at mid height; lateral propodeal area smooth, with long dense white setae. Nucha smooth, glabrous with numerous sulci dorsally and laterally. Tarsal claws toothed, with basal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA2FF89FFDAA684FBD2FA80" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Fore wing 1.5× as long as body, hyaline, margin with long dense cilia, veins pale yellow, radial cell open, 3.9× as long as broad; R1 and Rs nearly reaching wing margin; areolet triangular, indistinct, Rs+M inconspicuous, traceable along 1/3 of its length, its projection reaching basalis in lower half of its height.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA2FF89FFDAA728FF55F9DC" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, higher than long in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum extending nearly to 2/3 of metasoma length in dorsal view, with numerous white setae anterolaterally, without micropunctures; subsequent terga with micropunctures, glabrous. Hypopygium with micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 5.6× as long as broad in ventral view, with short setae ventrally which do not extend beyond apex of spine.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA2FF89FFDAA464FD95F9F8" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,568,1555,1581]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Body length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="59337DCDFFA2FF89FE97A464FE72F9F8" box="[394,479,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA2FF89FFDAA441FC51F968" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FFDAA441FEACF985" bold="true" box="[199,257,1590,1616]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Gall.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFFA2FF89FE0DA440FE1DF984" box="[272,432,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 321–323" captionStartId="107.[151,264,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-18@107.[151,1436,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="FIGURES 321–323. Feron rucklei, sp. nov., asexual generation. 321, asexual female, metasoma, lateral view. 322–323, galls: 322, young growing gall, 323, mature galls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151575/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Figs 322–323</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small spangle leaf gall,
|
||
<quantity id="59337DCDFFA2FF89FDD2A441FCBDF984" box="[719,784,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
across, somewhat star-shaped, flat against the leaf surface but with a central bump. Pale yellow with a darker centre when growing, becoming tan when mature. Typically multiple galls scattered across a single leaf. The same gall is depicted and described as an unknown species in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FFA2FF89FA45A408FF76F968" author="Russo, R." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref94567" refString="Russo, R. (2006) Field guide to plant galls of California and other Western States. University of California Press, Berkley, Los Angeles and London, 397 pp." type="book" year="2006">Russo (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FFA2FF89FFFAA4D4FE8FF968" author="Russo, R. A." box="[231,290,1699,1725]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref94601" refString="Russo, R. A. (2021) Plant galls of the Western United States. Princeton Field Guides. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 379 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9780691213408" type="book" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; informally called the disk gall wasp) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FFA2FF89FDE0A4D4FC2EF968" author="Weld, L. H." box="[765,899,1698,1725]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="107 - 122" refId="ref95243" refString="Weld, L. H. (1957) New American cynipid wasps from oak galls. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 107 (3384), 107 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.107 - 3384.107" type="journal article" year="1957">Weld (1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFFA2FF89FC93A4D4FC42F968" box="[910,1007,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 174–178" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,356,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-100@66.[151,1436,345,1700]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 174–178. Feron discale, comb. nov., asexual female (reddish brown colour variation). 174–176, head: 174, frontal view, 175, dorsal view, 176, posterior view. 177, antenna. 178, fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151513/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Fig. 174</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA2FF89FFDAA4B1FEBAF808" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA2FF89FFDAA4B1FA3DF8D0" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FFDAA4B1FE8AF935" bold="true" box="[199,295,1734,1760]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Only the asexual generation is known, which induces spangle leaf galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA2FF89FBB7A4B0FA95F935" authorityName=", CA" authorityYear="1600" box="[1194,1336,1735,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="garryana">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FBB7A4B0FA95F935" box="[1194,1336,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Q. garryana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA2FF89FF8AA49CFF58F8D0" box="[151,245,1771,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FF8AA49CFF58F8D0" box="[151,245,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subsection
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FE9DA49CFE47F8D1" box="[384,490,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Dumosae</emphasis>
|
||
). Galls mature in November; adults emerge soon after under laboratory conditions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA2FF89FFDAA578FEBAF808" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
This gall appears to be depicted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FFA2FF89FD78A578FD53F8FC" author="Evans, D." box="[613,766,1807,1833]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1805 - 1818" refId="ref92130" refString="Evans, D. (1972) Alternate generations of gall cynipids (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Garry oak. The Canadian Entomologist, 104, 1805 - 1818. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1041805 - 11" type="journal article" year="1972">Evans (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his
|
||
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFFA2FF89FC4EA578FC6BF8FC" box="[851,966,1806,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,664,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-147@18.[151,1436,653,1852]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 13–18. Feron amphorus, comb. nov., asexual female. 13–16, head: 13, frontal view, 14, dorsal view, 15, lateral view, 16, posterior view. 17, antenna. 18, mesosoma and propleura, frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151434/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||
; those galls were also collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA2FF89FA9CA578FF52F899" authorityName=", CA" authorityYear="1600" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="garryana">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FA9CA578FF52F899" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Q. garryana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same area (southern Vancouver Island). Evans experimentally matched these asexual galls with the sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA2FF89FEA9A520FDD6F8A4" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1957" box="[436,635,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Liodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FEA9A520FDD6F8A4" box="[436,635,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Liodora dumosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but mistakenly called them
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA2FF89FCD7A520FBDDF8A5" authorityName="Fullaway" authorityYear="1911" box="[970,1136,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FCD7A520FBDDF8A5" box="[970,1136,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">A. pattersonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which has been matched to a different sexual form,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA2FF89FED0A50CFDD8F840" box="[461,629,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedicellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FED0A50CFDD8F840" box="[461,629,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">A. pedicellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, using DNA evidence elsewhere in this study). Hence we hypothesise that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA2FF89FFD7A5E8FE99F86C" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[202,308,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rucklei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FFD7A5E8FE99F86C" box="[202,308,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">F. rucklei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be the alternate asexual form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA2FF89FDFBA5E8FCCAF86C" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1957" box="[742,871,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Liodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA2FF89FDFBA5E8FCCAF86C" box="[742,871,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">F. dumosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but further DNA evidence is required to test this suggestion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA3FF88FFDAA2E1FF5EFF00" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FFDAA2E1FA30FF64" blockId="109.[151,1437,150,213]" box="[199,1437,150,177]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FFDAA2E1FECCFF65" bold="true" box="[199,353,150,176]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6DC90B8FFA3FF88FE73A2E0FE68FF64" box="[366,453,151,177]" name="Canada" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C0F1ECAFFA3FF88FECBA2E0FD0DFF64" box="[470,672,151,177]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Ruckle Provincial Park. It is the first record of this genus for
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FF8AA2CCFF5EFF00" blockId="109.[151,1437,150,213]" box="[151,243,187,213]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6DC90B8FFA3FF88FF8AA2CCFF42FF00" box="[151,239,187,213]" name="Canada" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |