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<document id="9FE93EE9D213354370A034A6EA112A6C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5366.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151426" ID-ZooBank="D5CD7765-C984-48E6-83E9-05C79C92F2E7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700255862711" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cuesta-Porta, Victor, Melika, George, Nicholls, James A., Stone, Graham N. &amp; Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2023" docId="1662613EFFA3FF95FF8AA350FDC1FDE8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5366.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5366 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5366.1.1/52221" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Feron scutellum Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar 2023, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="EA5B1946FFCEFFE5FF1DA277FFADFFD5" masterDocTitle="Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Feron Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="110" updateTime="1700257011190" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5C2945DC52FB8A0186D4DA3E79D2C3DB">Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Feron Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including the description of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="36C1F0C4B812E3A2D23CF4655DE7B1A9">Cuesta-Porta, Victor</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="05641A7FD4FE266208CF8CEE280B262F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6616-904X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A1CDDADB1492DC92A16B1BD92A626AD0">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain &amp; victorcp 93 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6616 - 904 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2DD049D01065CD07DC48E4F1AA25F77B" type="email">victorcp93@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C57DAE90CF6670B9614BCF07D0B2D306">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="646951E87372FA673B723FEDD57378BF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5204-6890</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3432E2E6054D639FFDF6F8441A857D94">Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budaörsi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary &amp; melikageorge @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5204 - 6890</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="48A58D2B3DFC2A3809E243FBC4E8C8FE" type="email">melikageorge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B76CD4F7DC7EA12AC67D1D433A1A5C33">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0FBF0D254522083B291D848A85ADC9E7">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5F79B17911381FE30081A642D62AC0D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9325-563X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0EB519CF55D867ED662BCB4634AC3AA6">Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia &amp; james. nicholls @ csiro. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9325 - 563 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B3767E11CEFE7250D03BFBA1D90FB2B9" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="00E2B373C43C20AF5CD48E20D89CB0B2">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C6773AA4ACF6AC37060360576EB4CFB7" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2737-696X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BD8AE52526EE40D771CBDD9B3FD9641B">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 JT, Scotland, U. K. &amp; gstone @ staffmail. ed. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2737 - 696 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7EA2469EC6ED8DD0D5FE3E1C60F2B3E1" type="email">gstone@staffmail.ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="97607049F8F92786411D7BA7E343A685">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C083F565ACFFC4A241B28F2B0A4E917E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7798-2717</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="524A31759FC76F9EE63C035A82C62B5F">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain &amp; Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain &amp; jpujade @ ub. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7798 - 2717 Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B280582F1FA7560DEF1DACFBA330064A" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="999F435F6207C90995550EA52720927D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6ECE1681959A1EA07CB180350E3D9562">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C91C7267C5B7482F4824B263BA90CC70">2023-11-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1C4161296D643A9B979ECA8E88CB2141">5366</mods:number>
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</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="8FA050F94B1E86BBFB77966E7F22E7E3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="43AFE0600F75FBA0F6BBE32B29C8F3C7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5366.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F04A04EBBF8396626DC3B8CFDE3C1A67" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="24D381B1384ED61E88DA539F155B3637" type="Zenodo-Dep">10151426</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1662613EFFA3FF95FF8AA350FDC1FDE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1662613EFFA3FF95FF8AA350FDC1FDE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1662613EFFA3FF95FF8AA350FDC1FDE8" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA3FF88FF8AA350FD34FE94" box="[151,665,294,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FF8AA350FD34FE94" blockId="109.[151,665,294,357]" box="[151,665,294,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<heading id="C53C6744FFA3FF88FF8AA350FD34FE94" bold="true" box="[151,665,294,321]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" reason="4">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FF8AA350FD34FE94" bold="true" box="[151,665,294,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FF8AA350FDA8FE95" authority="(Weld, 1930)" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[151,517,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FF8AA350FEF3FE94" bold="true" box="[151,350,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Feron scutellum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FFA3FF88FE73A351FE50FE95" author="Weld, L. H." box="[366,509,294,320]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref94965" refString="Weld, L. H. (1930) Three new gall-flies from Arizona (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 32 (2), 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="1930">Weld, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FFA3FF88FD0EA350FD34FE94" box="[531,665,295,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA3FF88FF8AA33CFE9DFEB0" box="[151,304,331,357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="description">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FF8AA33CFE9DFEB0" blockId="109.[151,665,294,357]" box="[151,304,331,357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFFA3FF88FF8AA33CFE9DFEB0" box="[151,304,331,357]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 324–327" captionStart-1="FIGURES 328" captionStartId-0="110.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionStartId-1="111.[151,264,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1855]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1530]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@110.[151,1436,181,1855]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@111.[151,1436,181,1530]" captionTargetPageId-0="110" captionTargetPageId-1="111" captionText-0="FIGURES 324–327. Feron scutellum, comb.nov., asexualfemale.324,head,frontalview;325,head andmesosoma,dorsal view; 326, antenna; 327, general habitus, lateral view (pictures taken from the holotype deposited at the USNM by M. Buffington)." captionText-1="FIGURES 328. Feron scutellum, comb. nov., asexual galls." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151577" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151579" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10151577/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10151579/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Figs 324–328</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA3FF88FF8AA3F8FDD9FE72" box="[151,628,399,423]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FF8AA3F8FDD9FE72" blockId="109.[151,628,399,423]" box="[151,628,399,423]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BEDBF706FFA3FF88FF8AA3F8FDD9FE72" box="[151,628,399,423]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<treatmentCitation id="1F6AF639FFA3FF88FF8AA3F8FE46FE72" author="Weld, L. H." box="[151,491,399,423]" page="29" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="1930">
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FF8AA3F8FE46FE72" authority="Weld, 1930: 29" authorityName="Weld" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,491,399,423]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutella">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FF8AA3F8FEE5FE72" box="[151,328,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Andricus scutella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FFA3FF88FE53A3F8FE46FE72" author="Weld, L. H." box="[334,491,399,423]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref94965" refString="Weld, L. H. (1930) Three new gall-flies from Arizona (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 32 (2), 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="1930">Weld, 1930: 29</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, female, gall.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA3FF88FF8AA3B8FB4EFDAC" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FF8AA3B8FB4EFDAC" blockId="109.[151,1437,462,2037]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FF8AA3B8FEEAFE3D" bold="true" box="[151,327,462,489]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FFA3FF88FE4DA3B8FCC0FDD8" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="N. M. Capron Coll." location="Camp Creek" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFFA3FF88FE4DA3B8FE45FE3C" box="[336,488,463,489]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. Asexual female “
<location id="9B1486F3FFA3FF88FDA8A3B8FCE7FE3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1662613EFFA3FF95FF8AA350FDC1FDE8:9B1486F3FFA3FF88FDA8A3B8FCE7FE3C" box="[693,842,463,489]" name="Camp Creek" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" stateProvince="Arizona">Camp Creek</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="5C0F1ECAFFA3FF88FC48A3B8FC19FE3C" box="[853,948,463,489]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Arizona</collectingRegion>
”, “
<collectorName id="333EB5FEFFA3FF88FCCAA3B8FB1FFE3C" box="[983,1202,463,489]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">N.M. Capron Coll.</collectorName>
”, “
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FBCAA3B8FF7AFDD8" authority="Weld" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutella">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FBCAA3B8FA31FE3C" box="[1239,1436,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Andricus scutella</emphasis>
Weld
</taxonomicName>
”, “cut out December”, red label “Type No. 42885
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFFA3FF88FC10A384FCC9FDD8" box="[781,868,499,525]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
”
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FFA3FF88FC65A384FB72FDAC" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="The &amp; M. Buffington &amp; Specimen" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFFA3FF88FC65A384FBBEFDD8" box="[888,1043,499,525]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
(9 asexual females) labelled as the
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFFA3FF88FF8AA060FF51FDE4" box="[151,252,535,561]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, deposited in the collection of
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFFA3FF88FD45A060FD00FDE4" box="[600,685,535,561]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
. The female
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFFA3FF88FC23A060FC0DFDE4" box="[830,928,535,561]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="88CD1BA1FFA3FF88FCC5A060FBC6FDE4" box="[984,1131,535,561]" count="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">six paratypes</specimenCount>
are in the collection of the
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFFA3FF88FF8AA04CFF46FD80" box="[151,235,571,597]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
, examined by VC-P.
<collectorName id="333EB5FEFFA3FF88FEC1A04CFDA5FD80" box="[476,520,571,597]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">The</collectorName>
type was examined based on photos taken by
<collectorName id="333EB5FEFFA3FF88FB06A04CFB6CFD80" box="[1051,1217,571,597]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">M. Buffington</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFFA3FF88FBD0A04CFA8FFD80" box="[1229,1314,571,597]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="333EB5FEFFA3FF88FA33A04CFA31FD80" box="[1326,1436,571,597]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Specimen</collectorName>
data and images available at http://n
<quantity id="59337DCDFFA3FF88FD31A029FDEFFDAC" box="[556,578,606,633]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" unit="t" value="2.0">2t</quantity>
.net/ark:/65665/34db243c6-9449-4191-b59f-2cd26d2e18ab
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFA3FF95FFDAA0F5FADDFE78" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FFDAA0F5FDF5FC68" blockId="109.[151,1437,462,2037]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FFDAA0F5FEEFFD49" bold="true" box="[199,322,642,668]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Asexual females belong to the group of
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FC3FA0F4FC6DFD48" box="[802,960,643,669]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FC3FA0F4FCC8FD49" box="[802,869,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Feron</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in which the body is reddish brown; the head is rounded in frontal view, ocelli are not elevated above the frons; inner margins of eyes slightly converging ventrally, the transfacial distance is longer than the height of eye; toruli are located above mid-height of eyes; the eye is less than 2.6× as high as length of the malar space; as in
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FC77A098FC76FCDC" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Lyon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[874,987,751,777]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakkeri">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FC77A098FC76FCDC" box="[874,987,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">F. bakkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(asex),
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FB2BA098FB0CFCDC" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[1078,1185,751,777]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rucklei">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FB2BA098FB0CFCDC" box="[1078,1185,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">F. rucklei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(asex), and
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FA30A098FA31FCDC" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1325,1436,751,777]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellare">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FA30A098FA31FCDC" box="[1325,1436,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">F. stellare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(asex). Differs from
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FE61A164FE46FCF8" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Lyon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[380,491,787,813]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakkeri">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FE61A164FE46FCF8" box="[380,491,787,813]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">F. bakkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the mesoscutellar foveae distinct, but not defined posteriorly, with smooth bottom, and central part of mesoscutellar disk elevated and faintly reticulate, while the foveae are inconspicuous and faintly rugose and the mesoscutellar disk completely rugose in
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FC7EA12CFC7EFCA0" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Lyon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[867,979,859,885]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakkeri">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FC7EA12CFC7EFCA0" box="[867,979,859,885]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">F. bakkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FB97A12CFB57FCA0" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1162,1274,859,885]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellare">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FB97A12CFB57FCA0" box="[1162,1274,859,885]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">F. stellare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FA2FA12CFA31FCA0" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[1330,1436,859,885]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rucklei">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FA2FA12CFA31FCA0" box="[1330,1436,859,885]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">F. rucklei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the disk of mesoscutellum faintly reticulated with the central part elevated, while it is coarsely rugose and not elevated in
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FE5EA1D4FE1FFC68" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[323,434,931,957]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellare">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FE5EA1D4FE1FFC68" box="[323,434,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">F. stellare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FEF5A1D4FDFCFC68" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[488,593,931,957]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rucklei">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FEF5A1D4FDFCFC68" box="[488,593,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">F. rucklei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FFDAA1B0FE10FBD0" blockId="109.[151,1437,462,2037]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
The gall resembles those of
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA3FF88FD0CA1B0FC3CFC34" authority="(Weld, 1926)" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[529,913,967,993]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phylloteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupella">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FD0CA1B0FD43FC34" box="[529,750,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Phylloteras cupella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FFA3FF88FC1DA1B0FC24FC34" author="Weld, L. H." box="[768,905,967,993]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref94914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (10), 1 - 131." type="journal article" year="1926">Weld, 1926</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but lacks the in-rolled top margin and has a removable whitish bloom.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FFDAA679FD46FB98" blockId="109.[151,1437,462,2037]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA3FF88FFDAA679FED3FBFD" bold="true" box="[199,382,1038,1064]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Re-description.</emphasis>
Asexual female (
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFFA3FF88FD22A678FD73FBFC" box="[575,734,1039,1065]" captionStart="FIGURES 324–327" captionStartId="110.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-25@110.[151,1436,181,1855]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURES 324–327. Feron scutellum, comb.nov., asexualfemale.324,head,frontalview;325,head andmesosoma,dorsal view; 326, antenna; 327, general habitus, lateral view (pictures taken from the holotype deposited at the USNM by M. Buffington)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151577/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Figs 324–327</figureCitation>
). Head, antenna, mesosoma, legs, metasoma uniformly reddish brown; base of metasoma and mesoscutellum lighter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF88FFDAA620FBA7F9BC" blockId="109.[151,1437,462,2037]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Head alutaceous-reticulate, with dense setae on lower face, slightly higher than broad and as broad as mesosoma in frontal view; 2.0× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous-reticulate, not broadened behind eye in frontal view; gena in lateral view 2.0× narrower than transverse diameter of eye. Malar space delicately coriaceous, without striae, malar sulcus absent; eye 2.1× as high as length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes converging ventrally. POL 1.9× as long as OOL, OOL 2.1× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and slightly shorter than LOL, all ocelli ovate, of same size. Antennal toruli located at mid-height of eyes. Transfacial distance 1.4× as long as height of eye; frons shorter than height of lower face, diameter of antennal torulus 3.0× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.5× as long as diameter of torulus; lower face smooth, with scattered setae; slightly elevated median area and area between toruli smooth with piliferous points, with a few setae. Clypeus impressed, flat, rectangular, broader than high, smooth, with a few long setae along ventral edge; ventrally rounded, not emarginate and without median incision; anterior tentorial pit rounded, distinct, small; epistomal sulcus distinct, clypeo-pleurostomal line well impressed. Frons, interocellar area, vertex and occiput uniformly alutaceous-reticulate, without striae and setae. Antenna slightly shorter than body, with 11 flagellomeres, pedicel slightly longer than broad; F1 1.2× as long as F2 and above 2.0× as long as pedicel; F2 longer than F3, F4 slightly longer than F5, all subsequent flagellomeres nearly equal in length; placodeal sensilla on F3–F11.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA3FF8AFFDAA404FC19F8BB" blockId="109.[151,1437,462,2037]" lastBlockId="111.[151,1437,1660,2010]" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Mesosoma nearly as long as high, without setae. Pronotum glabrous, with delicate short parallel striae along posterior edge, with piliferous points. Mesoscutum uniformly reticulate, slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus complete, distinctly impressed along entire length; posteriorly converging; at posterior end the distance between notauli shorter than distance between notaulus and side of mesoscutum; anterior parallel line indistinct; parapsidal line marked with indistinct, narrow smooth, impressed area; median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal carina broad, reaching notaulus. Mesoscutellum slightly longer than broad, with subparallel sides; disk of mesoscutellum faintly rugose on lateral and posterior margins, central part of disk faintly reticulate, and elevated after central carina of mesusctellar foveae, overhanging metanotum, with sparse setae. Mesoscutellar foveae not defined posteriorly, smooth, glabrous, with central carina. Mesopleuron smooth, alutaceous only on most anterior part; speculum smooth, glabrous, with transverse striae on most anterior part; mesopleural triangle smooth, with a few white setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, with white setae; axillula with delicate parallel longitudinal striae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, with subparallel sides, posteriorly as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron at half of its height; upper part of sulcus indistinct; lower part of sulcus delimiting smooth area with dense long white setae. Metascutellum dull alutaceous, glabrous, 1.5× longer than height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without setae; central propodeal area lyre-shaped, smooth, glabrous, without rugae; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, bent outwards in posterior 1/3 of its height; lateral propodeal area smooth, with long dense white setae. Nucha with irregular sulci laterally. Tarsal claws with basal lobe.</paragraph>
<caption id="CAB480A0FFA0FF8BFF8AA521FA26F846" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151577/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" startId="110.[151,264,1878,1902]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1855]" targetPageId="110" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA0FF8BFF8AA521FA26F846" blockId="110.[151,1436,1878,1939]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA0FF8BFF8AA521FEC7F8BB" bold="true" box="[151,362,1878,1902]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">FIGURES 324–327.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA0FF8BFE73A520FDBDF8BA" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[366,528,1879,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA0FF8BFE73A520FDBDF8BA" box="[366,528,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Feron scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA0FF8BFD07A520FD26F8BA" bold="true" box="[538,651,1879,1903]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FFA0FF8BFD07A520FD26F8BA" box="[538,651,1879,1903]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual female.324, head, frontal view; 325, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; 326, antenna; 327, general habitus, lateral view (pictures taken from the holotype deposited at the USNM by M. Buffington).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CAB480A0FFA1FF8AFF8AA466FD51F9FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151579" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151579" box="[151,764,1553,1578]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151579/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" startId="111.[151,264,1553,1577]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1530]" targetPageId="111" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA1FF8AFF8AA466FD51F9FF" blockId="111.[151,764,1553,1578]" box="[151,764,1553,1578]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA1FF8AFF8AA466FE96F9FF" bold="true" box="[151,315,1553,1578]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">FIGURES 328.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFA1FF8AFE5CA465FE48F9FF" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[321,485,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA1FF8AFE5CA465FE48F9FF" box="[321,485,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Feron scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFA1FF8AFEEFA465FDCBF9FF" bold="true" box="[498,614,1554,1578]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FFA1FF8AFEEFA465FDCBF9FF" box="[498,614,1554,1578]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual galls.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFA1FF8AFFDAA50FFDD8F80F" blockId="111.[151,1437,1660,2010]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fore wing longer than body, hyaline, with cilia on margin, veins yellowish brown, radial cell open, 5.0× as long as broad; Rs and R1 nearly reaching wing margin; areolet distinct. Rs+M colourless, indistinctly reaching basalis, basalis slightly elongated on contact point.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFBEFF95FFDAA2E0FACDFEC8" blockId="112.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, as long as high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum extending to 2/3 length of metasoma in dorsal view, with numerous white setae anterolaterally, with band of rare micropunctures posteriorly; all subsequent terga with rare micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 5.8× as long as broad in ventral view, with numerous long white setae ventrally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFBEFF95FFDAA350FDEAFE94" blockId="112.[151,1436,151,573]" box="[199,583,294,321]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
Body length
<quantity id="59337DCDFFBEFF95FE45A351FE40FE94" box="[344,493,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="1.875" valueMax="2.15" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.15 mm</quantity>
(n = 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFBEFF95FFDAA33DFADDFE78" blockId="112.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFBEFF95FFDAA33DFF57FEB1" bold="true" box="[199,250,330,356]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Gall</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFFBEFF95FE14A33CFEC7FEB0" box="[265,362,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 328" captionStartId="111.[151,264,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-17@111.[151,1436,181,1530]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURES 328. Feron scutellum, comb. nov., asexual galls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151579/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Fig. 328</figureCitation>
). A cup-shaped leaf spangle gall, up to
<quantity id="59337DCDFFBEFF95FC0BA33DFCC6FEB0" box="[790,875,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter and
<quantity id="59337DCDFFBEFF95FB3FA33DFBDBFEB0" box="[1058,1142,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
high, purple-brown with a whitish bloom, attached to under side of leaf. The edge of the cup is thin, not in-rolled. The larval cell is
<quantity id="59337DCDFFBEFF95FA39A318FAC9FE5C" box="[1316,1380,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="59337DCDFFBEFF95FFA7A3E4FEBDFE78" box="[186,272,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
in diameter and lies transversely at the very base of the cup. The exit hole is into the bottom of cup.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFBEFF95FFDAA3C1FC81FDCC" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFBEFF95FFDAA3C1FC81FDCC" blockId="112.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFBEFF95FFDAA3C1FE8AFE05" bold="true" box="[199,295,438,464]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Biology.</emphasis>
The asexual generation is only known, which induces galls on
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFBEFF95FCCAA3C0FBF4FE04" box="[983,1113,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFBEFF95FCCAA3C0FBF4FE04" box="[983,1113,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Q. gambelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(section
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFBEFF95FBA1A3C0FAB7FE04" box="[1212,1306,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFBEFF95FBA1A3C0FAB7FE04" box="[1212,1306,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subsection
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFBEFF95FF8AA3ACFEACFE21" box="[151,257,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Dumosae</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFBEFF95FE5DA3ACFE7DFE20" baseAuthorityName="Burks" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[320,464,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turbinella">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFBEFF95FE5DA3ACFE7DFE20" box="[320,464,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Q. turbinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(section
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFFBEFF95FD2AA3ACFD38FE20" box="[567,661,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFBEFF95FD2AA3ACFD38FE20" box="[567,661,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subsection
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFBEFF95FC02A3ACFC62FE21" box="[799,975,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Leucomexicana</emphasis>
). Galls mature in late autumn, and adults were cut out from galls in December-January (
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FFBEFF95FDBDA388FCB2FDCC" author="Weld, L. H." box="[672,799,511,537]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref94965" refString="Weld, L. H. (1930) Three new gall-flies from Arizona (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 32 (2), 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="1930">Weld 1930</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FFBEFF95FFDAA055FDC1FDE8" box="[199,620,546,573]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FFBEFF95FFDAA055FDC1FDE8" blockId="112.[151,1436,151,573]" box="[199,620,546,573]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFFBEFF95FFDAA055FECCFDE9" bold="true" box="[199,353,546,572]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E6DC90B8FFBEFF95FE7AA054FE0EFDE8" box="[359,419,547,573]" name="United States of America" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">USA</collectingCountry>
: AZ (
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FFBEFF95FEFDA054FDCDFDE8" author="Weld, L. H." box="[480,608,547,573]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref94965" refString="Weld, L. H. (1930) Three new gall-flies from Arizona (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 32 (2), 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="1930">Weld 1930</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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