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<document id="0EA9CE5F7B1732D0C88A5C10B5D8DAEC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5366.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151426" ID-ZooBank="D5CD7765-C984-48E6-83E9-05C79C92F2E7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700255862711" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cuesta-Porta, Victor, Melika, George, Nicholls, James A., Stone, Graham N. &amp; Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2023" docId="1662613EFF80FFB4FF8AA0C4FDEAF918" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5366.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5366 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5366.1.1/52221" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Feron izabellae Melika, Nicholls &amp; Stone 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="EA5B1946FFCEFFE5FF1DA277FFADFFD5" masterDocTitle="Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Feron Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1700257011190" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="30E77281160A0B856F894CC5A84457CB">Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Feron Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including the description of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="791A8AC820573AA953AC627D22041D25">Cuesta-Porta, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="22538A1F728AE434A8EFACF923B4E645">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain &amp; victorcp 93 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6616 - 904 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="476F3AD32080CA7FEA2D848019628230">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C585F08F37409E6BF875D8F18F24ABF3" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5204-6890</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="73E54CD760F73249E03BF25AF253A269">Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budaörsi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary &amp; melikageorge @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5204 - 6890</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E3D9F4A72954BFDE17AD8BF0D348394F" type="email">melikageorge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CCA874C6C70BD21E7CE2604F7993DC78">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1C613BEF3334AF5119CD11192963B3F5" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9325-563X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5E489519D04A73E0B270A6001B3D7646">Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia &amp; james. nicholls @ csiro. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9325 - 563 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA886F43057EF445A4B8C1F5D47448D6" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="83AD36B4A727355DD966474ACD046053">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A23557A9B91F74B597DB4EF26FC289C9" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2737-696X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B0974B0B08272F2D26EBE34B8C24D049">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 JT, Scotland, U. K. &amp; gstone @ staffmail. ed. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2737 - 696 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9EE774D2845A6ABE6AED63EF31F0D0E3">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EF806D99F1FB41A89D750D38831DE6A9" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7798-2717</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A76557C75F8ED431C0826596E04DB098">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain &amp; Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain &amp; jpujade @ ub. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7798 - 2717 Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1D5BFF77711C28C118E582F10C2E49C6" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0BF801B194AD37269C754A31BAC01C01">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5163D6B03805BA741D177750D5A5E413">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FA48B91A3577739BFC29D07CB6A5C70F">5366</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="47AB90B4FBC8BB84F5832C33D61E0014">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="703A69EE54BCA91A03B50CC5BA8394A3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5366.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A11E17A00321CB70394AA9341DD9FA2D" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1662613EFF80FFB4FF8AA0C4FDEAF918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1662613EFF80FFB4FF8AA0C4FDEAF918" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1662613EFF80FFB4FF8AA0C4FDEAF918" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FF80FFABFF8AA0C4FCADFD18" box="[151,768,690,717]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF80FFABFF8AA0C4FCADFD18" blockId="78.[151,977,690,789]" box="[151,768,690,717]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFF8AA0C4FCADFD18" bold="true" box="[151,768,690,717]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFF8AA0C4FD3BFD19" authority="Melika, Nicholls &amp; Stone" authorityName="Melika, Nicholls &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,662,690,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="izabellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFF8AA0C4FEFEFD18" bold="true" box="[151,339,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Feron izabellae</emphasis>
Melika, Nicholls &amp; Stone
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FF80FFABFDBFA0C4FCADFD18" box="[674,768,691,717]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FF80FFABFF8AA0A0FC7CFCC0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF80FFABFF8AA0A0FE9DFD24" blockId="78.[151,977,690,789]" box="[151,304,727,753]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFF80FFABFF8AA0A0FE9DFD24" box="[151,304,727,753]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 216–221" captionStart-1="FIGURES 222–225" captionStart-2="FIGURES 226–227" captionStartId-0="79.[151,264,1677,1701]" captionStartId-1="80.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionStartId-2="81.[151,264,1032,1056]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1423,325,1637]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1427,575,1922]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1419,181,1009]" captionTargetId-0="figure-74@79.[151,1436,309,1654]" captionTargetId-1="figure-196@80.[151,1436,561,1940]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1009]" captionTargetPageId-0="79" captionTargetPageId-1="80" captionTargetPageId-2="81" captionText-0="FIGURES 216–221. Feron izabellae, sp. nov., asexual female. 216–219, head: 216, frontal view, 217, dorsal view, 218, lateral view, 219, posterior view. 220, antenna. 221, mesosoma and propleura, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 222–225. Feron izabellae, sp. nov., asexual female. 222, mesosoma, lateral view. 223, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 224, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 225, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 226–227. Feron izabellae, sp. nov., asexual generation. 226, asexual female, metasoma, lateral view. 227, galls (images courtesy of J. Gross)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151531" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151533" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151535" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10151531/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10151533/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10151535/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs 216–227</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFF8AA14BFEEAFC83" bold="true" box="[151,327,828,854]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FF80FFABFE52A14BFE5CFCAF" collectingDate="2014-09-20" collectionCode="CA" collectorName="J. DeMartini." country="United States of America" location="Asexual" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFF80FFABFE52A14BFE4AFC83" box="[335,487,828,854]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<location id="9B1486F3FF80FFABFEEFA14BFDE3FC83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1662613EFF80FFB4FF8AA0C4FDEAF918:9B1486F3FF80FFABFEEFA14BFDE3FC83" box="[498,590,828,854]" country="United States of America" name="Asexual" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Asexual</location>
female “
<collectingCountry id="E6DC90B8FF80FFABFDABA14BFD5EFC83" box="[694,755,828,854]" name="United States of America" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">USA</collectingCountry>
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, Friday Ridge Road,
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<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFB49A14BFB4DFC83" box="[1108,1248,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Q. garryana</emphasis>
, CA1600
</taxonomicName>
”, coll.
<date id="EA75F6E8FF80FFABFF8AA117FEB5FCAF" box="[151,280,864,890]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2014-09-20">
<collectingDate id="FA310F00FF80FFABFF8AA117FEB5FCAF" box="[151,280,864,890]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2014-09-20">20.09.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="333EB5FEFF80FFABFE44A116FE5CFCAF" box="[345,497,864,891]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">J. DeMartini.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FF80FFABFEE7A117FA35FC17" collectingDate="2011-11-10" collectingDateMax="2016-10-27" collectingDateMin="2011-11-10" collectionCode="CA" collectorName="J. DeMartini" country="United States of America" county="Lake Berry Essa Napa County" location="Inspiration Point" municipality="Covelo" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFF80FFABFEE7A117FD38FCAF" box="[506,661,864,890]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
(4 asexual females) “
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,
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFF80FFABFCC6A117FBA8FCAF" box="[987,1029,864,890]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
,
<collectingCounty id="7715A8A4FF80FFABFB0EA117FAD9FCAF" box="[1043,1396,864,891]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Lake Berry Essa Napa County</collectingCounty>
,
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFA9CA117FE0AFC4A" authority=", CA 1752" authorityName=", CA" authorityYear="1752" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="berberidifolia">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFA9CA117FE9EFC4B" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Q. berberidifolia</emphasis>
, CA1752
</taxonomicName>
, coll.
<date id="EA75F6E8FF80FFABFEEEA1F3FDD9FC4B" box="[499,628,900,926]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2016-10-27">
<collectingDate id="FA310F00FF80FFABFEEEA1F3FDD9FC4B" box="[499,628,900,926]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2016-10-27">27.10.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="333EB5FEFF80FFABFDA5A1F3FCE9FC4B" box="[696,836,900,926]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">J.DeMartini</collectorName>
”, “
<collectingCountry id="E6DC90B8FF80FFABFC75A1F3FC08FC4B" box="[872,933,900,926]" name="United States of America" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFF80FFABFCA8A1F3FC72FC4B" box="[949,991,900,926]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
,
<location id="9B1486F3FF80FFABFCF3A1F3FB1CFC4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1662613EFF80FFB4FF8AA0C4FDEAF918:9B1486F3FF80FFABFCF3A1F3FB1CFC4B" box="[1006,1201,900,926]" country="United States of America" county="Lake Berry Essa Napa County" municipality="Covelo" name="Inspiration Point" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Inspiration Point</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7E104A52FF80FFABFBDDA1F3FAB9FC4B" box="[1216,1300,900,926]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Covelo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFA39A1F3FF54FC17" authority=", CA 1792" authorityName="CA" authorityYear="1792" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="durata">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFA39A1F3FA3BFC4B" box="[1316,1430,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Q. durata</emphasis>
, CA1792
</taxonomicName>
, coll.
<date id="EA75F6E8FF80FFABFE55A1DFFE6AFC17" box="[328,455,936,962]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2011-11-10">
<collectingDate id="FA310F00FF80FFABFE55A1DFFE6AFC17" box="[328,455,936,962]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2011-11-10">11.10.2011</collectingDate>
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<collectorName id="333EB5FEFF80FFABFD12A1DFFD36FC17" box="[527,667,936,962]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">J.DeMartini</collectorName>
”; “
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,
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFF80FFABFC12A1DFFC94FC17" box="[783,825,936,962]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
,
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFC57A1DFFB9EFC17" authority=", CA 1820" authorityName=", CA" authorityYear="1820" box="[842,1075,936,963]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="durata">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFC57A1DFFC10FC17" box="[842,957,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Q. durata</emphasis>
, CA1820
</taxonomicName>
, leg.
<collectorName id="333EB5FEFF80FFABFB67A1DFFAAAFC17" box="[1146,1287,936,962]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">J.DeMartini</collectorName>
”;
<collectingCountry id="E6DC90B8FF80FFABFA3FA1DFFAF0FC17" box="[1314,1373,936,962]" name="United States of America" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFF80FFABFA73A1DFFA35FC17" box="[1390,1432,936,962]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FF80FFABFF8AA1BBFD81FC33" box="[151,556,972,998]" collectionCode="CA" country="United States of America" county="Lake County" location="Middletown" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCode="CA2386" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="9B1486F3FF80FFABFF8AA1BBFE8EFC33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1662613EFF80FFB4FF8AA0C4FDEAF918:9B1486F3FF80FFABFF8AA1BBFE8EFC33" box="[151,291,972,998]" country="United States of America" county="Lake County" name="Middletown" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Middletown</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="7715A8A4FF80FFABFE33A1BBFE6DFC33" box="[302,448,972,998]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Lake County</collectingCounty>
,
<specimenCode id="CE6D7853FF80FFABFED7A1BBFD81FC33" box="[458,556,972,998]" collectionCode="CA" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">CA2386</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FF80FFABFD2AA1BBFDB3FBDF" collectingDate="2014-10-29" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="J. DeMartini &amp; The" country="United States of America" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFD2AA1BBFD0EFC33" authorityName=", CA" authorityYear="1820" box="[567,675,972,998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="durata">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFD2AA1BBFD0EFC33" box="[567,675,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Q. durata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll.
<date id="EA75F6E8FF80FFABFDF5A1BBFCC4FC33" box="[744,873,972,998]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2014-10-29">
<collectingDate id="FA310F00FF80FFABFDF5A1BBFCC4FC33" box="[744,873,972,998]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2014-10-29">29.10.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="333EB5FEFF80FFABFCBEA1BBFB9DFC33" box="[931,1072,972,998]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">J.DeMartini</collectorName>
”.
<collectorName id="333EB5FEFF80FFABFB5EA1BBFBC2FC33" box="[1091,1135,972,998]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">The</collectorName>
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFF80FFABFB68A1BBFB7AFC33" box="[1141,1239,972,998]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="88CD1BA1FF80FFABFA10A1BAFF4EFBDF" count="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype female</specimenCount>
are deposited at the
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</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FF80FFABFD34A187FC16FBDE" box="[553,955,1008,1035]" collectionCode="PHDNRL" country="United States of America" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="88CD1BA1FF80FFABFD34A187FD27FBDF" box="[553,650,1008,1034]" count="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFF80FFABFD8CA186FD51FBDE" box="[657,764,1009,1035]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
at the
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFF80FFABFC55A186FC16FBDE" box="[840,955,1009,1035]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="2EA3DA75FF80FFABFCDBA187FAA9FBDE" box="[966,1284,1008,1035]" collectionCode="UB" country="United States of America" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="88CD1BA1FF80FFABFCDBA187FB8AFBDF" box="[966,1063,1008,1034]" count="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="41706E8AFF80FFABFB33A186FB23FBDE" box="[1070,1166,1009,1035]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
at the
<collectionCode id="F8DA48EDFF80FFABFBC7A186FAA9FBDE" box="[1242,1284,1009,1035]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">UB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FF80FFABFFDAA663FD14FB86" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF80FFABFFDAA663FD14FB86" blockId="78.[151,1437,828,2042]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFFDAA663FEE3FBFB" bold="true" box="[199,334,1044,1070]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in memory of the author G. Melika’s mother, Izabella, and in honour of G. Melika’s granddaughter who carries on the Izabella name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FF80FFABFFDAA62BFABCFA43" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF80FFABFFDAA62BFABCFA43" blockId="78.[151,1437,828,2042]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFFDAA62BFEEDFBA3" bold="true" box="[199,320,1116,1142]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The asexual form of this species belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFC5AA62AFC27FBA3" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1937" box="[839,906,1117,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFC5AA62AFC27FBA3" box="[839,906,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Feron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in which the pronotum is laterally smooth to coriaceous, without carinae, and the mesoscutum is alutaceous to coriaceous, rugose-reticulate, or reticulate, sometimes with smooth areas and piliferous points, glabrous or pubescent; as in
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFB1AA6D2FB0CFB6B" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[1031,1185,1189,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrimentum">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFB1AA6D2FB0CFB6B" box="[1031,1185,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F. atrimentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(asex),
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFBEAA6D2FA30FB6B" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1271,1437,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crystallinum">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFBEAA6D2FA30FB6B" box="[1271,1437,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F. crystallinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(asex),
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFFF1A6BEFE20FB37" authorityName="Fullaway" authorityYear="1911" box="[236,397,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersonae">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFFF1A6BEFE20FB37" box="[236,397,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F. pattersonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(asex), and
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFD00A6BEFD04FB37" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[541,681,1224,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulfureum">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFD00A6BEFD04FB37" box="[541,681,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F. sulfureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(asex). It differs from those species in the following combination of characters: the frons is bulging in frontal view; ocelli are not elevated above the head, the transfacial distance is 1.4× as long as the height of eye, the eyes slightly convergent ventrally, and the metapleural sulcus reaching the mesopleuron on the upper 2/3 of its height. The most similar species is
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFCA9A742FBEFFA9B" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[948,1090,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albicomus">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFCA9A742FBEFFA9B" box="[948,1090,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F. albicomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(asex) from which
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF80FFABFA01A742FA31FA9B" authorityName="Melika, Nicholls &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[1308,1436,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="izabellae">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFA01A742FA31FA9B" box="[1308,1436,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F. izabellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having the head and mesosoma amber, the median mesoscutal line absent, mesoscutellar foveae divided by an elevated coriaceous triangle, and ventral spine of hypopygium 8.0× as long as broad in ventral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FF80FFB4FFDAA7D7FED6F9E8" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF80FFABFFDAA7D7FCB0FA0B" blockId="78.[151,1437,828,2042]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF80FFABFFDAA7D7FEF4FA6F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1440,1466]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Description.</emphasis>
Asexual female (
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFF80FFABFD0BA7D7FD18FA6F" box="[534,693,1440,1466]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 216–221" captionStart-1="FIGURES 222–225" captionStart-2="FIGURES 226–227" captionStartId-0="79.[151,264,1677,1701]" captionStartId-1="80.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionStartId-2="81.[151,264,1032,1056]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1423,325,1637]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1427,575,1922]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1419,181,1009]" captionTargetId-0="figure-74@79.[151,1436,309,1654]" captionTargetId-1="figure-196@80.[151,1436,561,1940]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1009]" captionTargetPageId-0="79" captionTargetPageId-1="80" captionTargetPageId-2="81" captionText-0="FIGURES 216–221. Feron izabellae, sp. nov., asexual female. 216–219, head: 216, frontal view, 217, dorsal view, 218, lateral view, 219, posterior view. 220, antenna. 221, mesosoma and propleura, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 222–225. Feron izabellae, sp. nov., asexual female. 222, mesosoma, lateral view. 223, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 224, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 225, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 226–227. Feron izabellae, sp. nov., asexual generation. 226, asexual female, metasoma, lateral view. 227, galls (images courtesy of J. Gross)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151531" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151533" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151535" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10151531/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10151533/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10151535/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs 216–226</figureCitation>
). Head, antenna, mouthparts, mesosoma, legs, metasoma uniformly light brown to yellowish; head posteriorly slightly darker.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF80FFAAFFDAA79FFD02FEC8" blockId="78.[151,1437,828,2042]" lastBlockId="79.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Head alutaceous-reticulate, with denser setae on lower face, slightly higher than broad and as broad as mesosoma in frontal view; 1.9× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous-reticulate, slightly broadened behind eye in frontal view; gena in lateral view slightly narrower than transverse diameter of eye. Malar space delicately coriaceous, with striae radiating from clypeus and not reaching eye, malar sulcus absent; eye 2.7× as high as length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL 1.5× as long as OOL, OOL 2.5× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 1.3x as long as LOL, all ocelli ovate, of same size. Antennal toruli located above mid-height of eyes. Transfacial distance 1.6× as long as height of eye; frons nearly as high as height of lower face, diameter of antennal torulus 2.1× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye equal to diameter of torulus; lower face alutaceous, with setae; slightly elevated median area and area between toruli delicately coriaceous, with a few setae. Clypeus impressed, flat, 2.0× as broad as high, smooth, with a few long setae along ventral edge; ventrally rounded, not emarginate and without median incision; anterior tentorial pit rounded, distinct, small; epistomal sulcus distinct, clypeo-pleurostomal line well impressed. Frons, interocellar area, vertex and occiput uniformly alutaceous-reticulate, without striae and setae; postocciput and postgena alutaceous, with dense white setae; posterior tentorial pit large, elongated, area below impressed; occipital foramen shorter than height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which diverge strongly toward occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly slightly broader than occipital foramen. Antenna longer than head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres, pedicel longer than broad; F1 1.3× as long as F2 and more than 1.9× as long as pedicel; F2 longer than F3, F4 slightly longer than F5, F6=F7=F8, subsequent flagellomeres nearly equal in length; F12=F11, placodeal sensilla on F6–F12.</paragraph>
<caption id="CAB480A0FF81FFAAFF8AA4FAFC43F91C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151531/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,264,1677,1701]" targetBox="[158,1423,325,1637]" targetPageId="79" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF81FFAAFF8AA4FAFC43F91C" blockId="79.[151,1436,1677,1737]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF81FFAAFF8AA4FAFEC0F970" bold="true" box="[151,365,1677,1701]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURES 216–221.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF81FFAAFE6EA4F9FDBCF970" authority="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2023" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[371,529,1677,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="izabellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF81FFAAFE6EA4F9FDBCF970" box="[371,529,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Feron izabellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF81FFAAFD03A4FAFDC3F970" bold="true" box="[542,622,1677,1701]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FF81FFAAFD03A4FAFDC3F970" box="[542,622,1677,1701]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual female. 216–219, head: 216, frontal view, 217, dorsal view, 218, lateral view, 219, posterior view. 220, antenna. 221, mesosoma and propleura, frontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF81FFB5FFDAA56BFAD0FDCC" blockId="79.[151,1436,1819,2026]" lastBlockId="80.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Mesosoma slightly longer than high, without setae. Pronotum glabrous, with delicate short inconspicuous parallel striae along posterior edge, with piliferous points; propleuron smooth, with sparse short setae. Mesoscutum uniformly alutaceous-reticulate, slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus complete, distinctly impressed along entire length; posteriorly converging; at posterior end the distance between notauli shorter than distance between notaulus and side of mesoscutum; anterior parallel line, parapsidal and median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal carina narrow, reaching notaulus. Mesoscutellum slightly longer than broad, with subparallel sides; central part of mesoscutellum disk coriaceous, along sides and posteriorly with strong rugae, overhanging metanotum, with sparse setae. Mesoscutellar foveae distinct, slightly impressed smooth, glabrous, with elevated central carina. Mesopleuron smooth, alutaceous only in most anterodorsal part; speculum smooth, glabrous; mesopleural triangle smooth, with white setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, with white setae; axillula with delicate parallel longitudinal striae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, with subparallel sides, posteriorly as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron slightly above half of its height; upper part of sulcus indistinct; lower part of sulcus delimiting smooth area with dense long white setae. Metascutellum smooth, glabrous, as high as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, with white setae; central propodeal area lyre-shaped, smooth, glabrous, without rugae; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, bent outwards in posterior 1/3 of its height; lateral propodeal area smooth, with long dense white setae. Nucha with longitudinal sulci dorsally and laterally. Tarsal claws with strong basal lobe.</paragraph>
<caption id="CAB480A0FF9EFFB5FF8AA5DCFB81F83D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151533/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,264,1963,1987]" targetBox="[163,1427,575,1922]" targetPageId="80" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF9EFFB5FF8AA5DCFB81F83D" blockId="80.[151,1437,1963,2024]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9EFFB5FF8AA5DCFEC3F816" bold="true" box="[151,366,1963,1987]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURES 222–225.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF9EFFB5FE6AA5DBFDBBF811" authority="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2023" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[375,534,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="izabellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9EFFB5FE6AA5DBFDBBF811" box="[375,534,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Feron izabellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9EFFB5FD38A5DBFDDAF811" bold="true" box="[549,631,1964,1988]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FF9EFFB5FD38A5DBFDDAF811" box="[549,631,1964,1988]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual female. 222, mesosoma, lateral view. 223, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 224, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 225, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CAB480A0FF9FFFB4FF8AA67FFE6AFB90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10151535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151535/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" startId="81.[151,264,1032,1056]" targetBox="[151,1419,181,1009]" targetPageId="81" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF9FFFB4FF8AA67FFE6AFB90" blockId="81.[151,1436,1032,1093]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FF8AA67FFEC2FBF4" bold="true" box="[151,367,1032,1057]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">FIGURES 226–227.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF9FFFB4FE64A67EFDB7FBF4" authority="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2023" authorityName="Cuesta-Porta &amp; Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2023" box="[377,538,1033,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Feron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="izabellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FE64A67EFDB7FBF4" box="[377,538,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Feron izabellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FD34A67EFDD0FBF4" bold="true" box="[553,637,1033,1057]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B78CB141FF9FFFB4FD34A67EFDD0FBF4" box="[553,637,1033,1057]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual generation. 226, asexual female, metasoma, lateral view. 227, galls (images courtesy of J. Gross).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF9FFFB4FFDAA6E0FC48FB2C" blockId="81.[151,1437,1175,1741]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fore wing longer than body, hyaline, with short cilia on margin, veins indistinct, yellowish to pale brown, radial cell open, 4.5× as long as broad; Rs and R1 nearly reaching wing margin; areolet small, triangular, indistinct. Rs+M indistinct, not reaching basalis, its projection reaching basalis in upper half.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF9FFFB4FFDAA774FBD4FA5C" blockId="81.[151,1437,1175,1741]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, slightly longer than high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum extending to 1/3 length of metasoma in dorsal view, with numerous white setae anterolaterally, without micropunctures; all subsequent terga without micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 5.3× as long as broad in ventral view, with a few long white setae ventrally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF9FFFB4FFDAA7E4FD94FA7B" blockId="81.[151,1437,1175,1741]" box="[199,569,1427,1454]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Body length
<quantity id="59337DCDFF9FFFB4FE45A7E4FE72FA78" box="[344,479,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
(n = 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF9FFFB4FFDAA7C0FED6F9E8" blockId="81.[151,1437,1175,1741]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FFDAA7C0FF57FA04" bold="true" box="[199,250,1463,1489]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Gall</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="06F0CCADFF9FFFB4FE17A7C0FEC0FA04" box="[266,365,1463,1489]" captionStart="FIGURES 226–227" captionStartId="81.[151,264,1032,1056]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,181,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1009]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURES 226–227. Feron izabellae, sp. nov., asexual generation. 226, asexual female, metasoma, lateral view. 227, galls (images courtesy of J. Gross)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10151535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10151535/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 227</figureCitation>
). A small (up to
<quantity id="59337DCDFF9FFFB4FD3BA7C0FDCDFA07" box="[550,608,1463,1490]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
diameter) monolocular spangle gall on the underside of leaves. Initially a disc-shaped gall lying flat against the leaf surface, pink in middle and around the edge with cream circle in between. When galls mature the opposite sides of the disc fold up and touch. Informally called the pink bowtie gall wasp in
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FF9FFFB4FF8AA454FE8AF9E8" author="Russo, R." box="[151,295,1571,1597]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref94567" refString="Russo, R. (2006) Field guide to plant galls of California and other Western States. University of California Press, Berkley, Los Angeles and London, 397 pp." type="book" year="2006">Russo (2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA5AADD9FF9FFFB4FE2FA454FEC3F9E8" author="Russo, R. A." box="[306,366,1571,1597]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref94601" refString="Russo, R. A. (2021) Plant galls of the Western United States. Princeton Field Guides. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 379 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9780691213408" type="book" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FF9FFFB4FFDAA430FD4BF97C" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF9FFFB4FFDAA430FD4BF97C" blockId="81.[151,1437,1175,1741]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FFDAA430FE8AF9B4" bold="true" box="[199,295,1607,1633]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Biology.</emphasis>
Only the asexual generation is known which induces spangle leaf galls on
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF9FFFB4FBB1A430FAC2F9B4" authorityName=", CA" authorityYear="1752" box="[1196,1391,1607,1633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="berberidifolia">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FBB1A430FB6DF9B4" box="[1196,1216,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FBCEA430FAC2F9B4" box="[1235,1391,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">berberidifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF9FFFB4FA9CA430FF52F950" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="douglasii">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FA9CA430FF52F950" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Q. douglasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF9FFFB4FE0FA41CFE22F950" box="[274,399,1643,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumosa">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FE0FA41CFE22F950" box="[274,399,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Q. dumosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF9FFFB4FEA2A41CFD9DF950" authorityName=", CA" authorityYear="1820" box="[447,560,1643,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="durata">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FEA2A41CFD9DF950" box="[447,560,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Q. durata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF9FFFB4FD56A41CFD77F950" authorityName=", CA" authorityYear="1600" box="[587,730,1643,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="garryana">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FD56A41CFD77F950" box="[587,730,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Q. garryana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(all section
<taxonomicName id="59CBABABFF9FFFB4FC6DA41CFC63F950" box="[880,974,1643,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FC6DA41CFC63F950" box="[880,974,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subsection
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FB7FA41BFB61F950" box="[1122,1228,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Dumosae</emphasis>
). Galls mature in September–October. Adults emerge soon afterwards.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6D183A3FF9FFFB4FFDAA4C4FDEAF918" box="[199,583,1715,1741]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9E74D028FF9FFFB4FFDAA4C4FDEAF918" blockId="81.[151,1437,1175,1741]" box="[199,583,1715,1741]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="ACBF0C3AFF9FFFB4FFDAA4C4FECCF918" bold="true" box="[199,353,1715,1741]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E6DC90B8FF9FFFB4FE7AA4C4FE0EF918" box="[359,419,1715,1741]" name="United States of America" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">USA</collectingCountry>
: CA (authors).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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