329 lines
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329 lines
35 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina & Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="BA09A49904A5DD4AA6A052AE237DF013" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum radicans L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul 1762" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E83EF2890C830F24148DC49F3A3DB58A">
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<mods:title id="DBD30EA0DA99258A7C49ED14469BFE0C">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C233EA6009B92556BC225A7275B492B4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E7B1ECBFE4618B242234242CF1BC884C">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E7CF915024A0C724E42518EBCE755DC1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="08761A830AAEB86D8A6DE4787E025AD2">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B4F9E053421F6EFC5E3A300CE6AB43E" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6E0E8302C5650BD3EF541AA57C5DEC03">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B62718C51B9F34917A698AC0E19A964B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E5C8219D0C0D8741A47783CA4BF83F0A">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D04B21E77634AC2D658A0159F7FBEAA8">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FC95AAFB2F1D0875887420EEB2874C01" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA8DBE2DF4511913FFF61F370D72564B">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="951CA05EE6B50A7AAED333447DA983A3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1C671A3E71E521F6A75C360680F68EE5">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3D73DF1345FDE8320A13AFFA5CAAC9F2">
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<mods:date id="65EA47A8C32A9B540F63E8B6BC5F81D4">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1C5B11473E2A84D17A59BF3E620CFEA8">2023-08-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="56B0D41A9FF0C32D57F8E49061160D29">231</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A4950A77C13A2507034030263DDB0285">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5F012D39D086468AC613687277E0DDCC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7658C1B6291E2497F5800BEC7629AFE7" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0284ADDDCD74BE6576BA2E1ECA3A3A3B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-231-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BA09A49904A5DD4AA6A052AE237DF013" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA09A49904A5DD4AA6A052AE237DF013" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA09A49904A5DD4AA6A052AE237DF013" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="7C6324AAE936A9F5A52669D4568FB5D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5BCE903EBB289CE03497479178D991ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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46.
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<taxonomicName id="11EF42DB294B7E14B5937B1E5B47A595" ID-CoL="4Y3XL" ID-ENA="115669" authority="L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul 1762." authorityName="L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum radicans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">Solanum radicans L.f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul 1762.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6C537AF3387BD2DA81C624AEEAD4D323" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8318DB605648971D29DE2763C750DF9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="14F2EC0F3FB54623D72073887C0E7A32" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Representative flowers of South American morelloids A campanulate purple corollas in forked internodal inflorescences in S. fiebrigii B pentagonal white corollas in S. annuum C broadly stellate purple corollas with long-exerted styles in S. pentlandii D broadly stellate white corollas with slightly exerted globose stigmas in S. radicans E deeply stellate pale yellow corollas in S. huayavillense F deeply stellate purple corollas with dark central eye colouration in S. salicifolium G bumblebee visiting and buzzing the anther cone in S. cochabambense H variation in corolla shape, size and colouration within a single individual of S. cochabambense (A Barboza et al. 3548 B Barboza et al. 3495 C Knapp et al. 10248 D Knapp et al. 10277 E Barboza et al. 3531 F Chiarini et al. 819 G Saerkinen et al. 4036 H Knapp et al. 10669). Photos by S. Knapp and T. Saerkinen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="02EBD9DD1BF1AC0AF7A88DF78B2EBE12" captionStart="Figure 140" captionStartId="F140" captionText="Figure 140. Solanum radicans A flowering habit B fruiting habit C detail of adaxial leaf surface D detail of abaxial leaf surface E flower bud F dissected flower G fruit (A, D-F Knapp et al. 10267 B Knapp et al. 10416). Illustration by R. Wise." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure140" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897601" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 140</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6C034A8BA0C6911D28EDD2BB23DB3619" captionStart="Figure 141" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 141. Solanum radicans A habit B flowering branch C flowers at full anthesis with flower buds D maturing fruits (A Saerkinen et al. 4065 B Knapp et al. 10417 C Gonzales et al. 2877 D Knapp et al. 10304). Photos by S. Knapp." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure141" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897602" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 141</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3811353831A0D8F16B5D233D5708793D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4F4FC4F94A241726FC7521200CDCA0AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="EF70EA4AC10D7F7B7F2A5642E39667C0" authorityName="J.Remy" authorityYear="1849" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia ruderalis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruderalis">Witheringia ruderalis</taxonomicName>
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J.
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<normalizedToken id="DFACBB8560A025CFCD624F9B739921C2" originalValue="Rémy">Remy</normalizedToken>
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, Fl. Chil. [Gay] 5: 69. 1849. Type. Chile.
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<normalizedToken id="4859A87AA904EC55965F1C6737C2E8E8" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
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IV (Coquimbo): Coquimbo,
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<emphasis id="4837ED92B5D9CB70A30F89032116376B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Gay 297</emphasis>
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(neotype, designated here: P [P00370543]; isolectotype: P [P00370544]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE7B291225D45ED224E90CCE41E75508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="C7C9E3A849ADF5A4963999804FCCD768" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ruderale" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruderale">Solanum ruderale</taxonomicName>
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(J.
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<normalizedToken id="3F47CBE6AA4E89EF938C2AC4DE2816F2" originalValue="Rémy">Remy</normalizedToken>
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) F.Phil., Cat. Pl. Vasc. Chil. 229. 1881. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName id="23411C90F469853449F86F577956CF8C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia ruderale" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruderale">Witheringia ruderale</taxonomicName>
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J.
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<normalizedToken id="DD109E7B86A6E898BA17547A1134460D" originalValue="Rémy">Remy</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3AD5A7F7B7FA98E7C48EBBF1FC2FE547" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4C0AC636108C1594801AD220B8B3D5E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="702E2A3F6A89ED168324D3261652C507">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96E20DE1426D2E381D573F76C56955AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="247A5653B6D7AED14C139E61CEC72BD9" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="Peru" location="Cultivated in Uppsala" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<location id="47812C47B2C218CAC30B30DAC71352F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA09A49904A5DD4AA6A052AE237DF013:47812C47B2C218CAC30B30DAC71352F4" country="Peru" name="Cultivated in Uppsala">Cultivated in Uppsala</location>
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, from
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<collectingCountry id="A3FC0AC881E5D56890F023C4B4BA0878" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<emphasis id="D1CB822251B0A6A4C21896AFF0CC060A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anon. s.n.</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="0740CBAC489B8B257B44976AA64F0A9D">lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by Knapp in
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<bibRefCitation id="586FF13A610C7AA39327281462F037F0" author="Jarvis, CE" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B117" refString="Jarvis, CE, 2007. Order out of chaos: Linnean plant names and their types. Natural History Museum and Linnean Society of London, London." title="Order out of chaos: Linnean plant names and their types. Natural History Museum and Linnean Society of London, London." year="2007">Jarvis 2007</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 861: LINN [LINN 248.9])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="5DD581BA8E618A7ADD004A39B1D9F85D" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure140" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897601" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 140" startId="F140">
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<paragraph id="ED4C38A1A9435C136C7CC52DCCB2D139" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="B677228070AF7CC64ED7BBD5208AA6DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 140.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="21C29EAB678068648F703A714F353396" authorityName="L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum radicans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
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<emphasis id="451125C1EA8A880AAA5E63962FF4D97E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum radicans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="444FCDDFD1DA1085E024CA38F48DD42A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering habit
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<emphasis id="DF8B337839D0812F7126AD0043977F9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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fruiting habit
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<emphasis id="8DFDD8E29BABEB37466FA0C672F026B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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detail of adaxial leaf surface
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<emphasis id="48B2AA1217ADB6851C1AF7A82C3C12A9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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detail of abaxial leaf surface
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<emphasis id="BBBA4768E2C89463771C33EB49407A37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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flower bud
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<emphasis id="C23EAB8D3D04F06EB367C9429FF538E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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dissected flower
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<emphasis id="B7CB7253432F3719BBD979AE066771B8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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fruit (
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<emphasis id="EB371ED670B8D570E3DFFF7187FC5940" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, D-F</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F0BA778799E7E7FAA014B1C1ACD95935" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp et al. 10267</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="EA098EE241D9A8D3884D162543783D9E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="1CA457E672E9CF7022CFDCBF53C22228" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp et al. 10416</emphasis>
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). Illustration by R. Wise.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="579AB5AAAB6E3EA575AD99EBC2226474" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BB67CD8F03FF8FC84082ABDFB06CF645" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6FC803F06FA4442A0DFF1F4FD9A208EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Creeping herbs to sprawling subshrubs, 0.2-0.75 m high, branches occasionally rooting at the lower nodes. Stems strongly angled to winged from the decurrent leaf bases, with occasional spinescent process along the angles, sparsely pubescent with white eglandular 2-3-celled uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrescent; new growth glabrous to sparsely pubescent with a few scattered white eglandular trichomes like those of the stems, the new leaves densely papillate. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple and deeply 5-lobed, the blades 2.5-14 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, elliptic to ovate in outline, widest at the middle or in the lower half, chartaceous, concolorous; adaxial surfaces glabrous or with a few scattered white eglandular simple uniseriate trichomes to 0.5 mm long along the midrib and principal veins, the midrib raised above; abaxial surfaces glabrous or with a few scattered white eglandular simple uniseriate trichomes to 0.5 mm long along the midrib and principal veins; principal veins 2-3 pairs, the midrib raised above; base attenuate onto the stem; margins deeply (3)5-lobed nearly to the midrib, the lobes 3-5 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide, widest in the distal third, asymmetrically elliptic, narrowed near the base, the terminal lobe the largest, occasionally the lateral lobes with minute secondary lobes, the sinuses 3/4 or more of the distance to the midrib, often sparsely ciliate; petiole 0-1 cm long, winged for most of its length. Inflorescences internodal to almost opposite the leaves, usually unbranched, occasionally forked, 2-7 cm long, with 10-20 flowers, sparsely to moderately pubescent with white simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 1-3 cm long; pedicels 0.5-1 cm long, 0.4-0.5 mm in diameter at the base, 0.4-0.6 mm in diameter at the apex, with a few scattered white simple trichomes near the base, distally glabrous, articulated at the base; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 1.5-2.5 mm apart. Buds globose, purple-tinged, the corolla halfway to strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 1.5-2 mm long, cup-shaped and abruptly narrowing to the pedicel, the lobes 0.75-2 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, triangular to long-triangular, slightly fleshy, glabrous. Corolla 1-1.2 cm in diameter, rotate-stellate, pale violet to purple, with a greenish yellow central star, lobed ca. halfway to the base, the lobes 2.5-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, spreading at anthesis, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, except for the densely papillate lobe tips. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.3-0.4 mm long, pubescent with tangled white simple uniseriate trichomes adaxially; anthers 1.5-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, plumply ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 4-5 mm long, straight, exserted beyond the anther cone, densely papillate in the lower third; stigma large-capitate and strongly bilobed, the surfaces minutely papillate, bright green in live plants. Fruit a globose to occasionally somewhat flattened-globose berry, 0.5-1 cm in diameter, orange-yellow or slightly greenish yellow when mature, the pericarp thin, matte to slightly shiny, translucent, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 0.6-1 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, somewhat thickened and woody, deflexed and strongly bent at the base, not persistent; fruiting calyx not markedly accrescent, the tube appressed to the berry, the lobes to 3 mm long, spreading or reflexed in the distal half. Seeds 20-50 per berry, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, teardrop shaped, not markedly flattened, reddish tan or pale tan, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells sinuate in outline. Stone cells 5-6, with 2 larger, 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter and apically positioned, 3-4 smaller, 0.4-0.5 mm in diameter and throughout the berry flesh, all cream-coloured. Chromosome number: 2n = 24 (
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<bibRefCitation id="B49B7361D994A82E02171234FCD0315A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/665.29" author="Chiarini, FE" editor="Marhold, K" journalOrPublisher="Taxon 66 (5)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1246 - 1247" refId="B40" refString="Chiarini, FE, Lipari, D, Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, 2017. Solanaceae. In: Marhold, K, Bresitwiser, I, Eds., IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 25. Taxon 66(5): 1246 - 1247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/665.29" title="Solanaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/665.29" volumeTitle="IAPT / IOPB chromosome data 25." year="2017">Chiarini et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; voucher
|
|
<emphasis id="8427DEC2EF7FBDAF66A80838EAA2D2B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="7E0588755D8D36987DDE708B4DF7AD66" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 4008
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="EE228BC883F9DABB0F6BA04F2A925E83" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure141" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897602" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 141" startId="F141">
|
|
<paragraph id="AE6516C99A79D5967DF9E06FF065D355" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="FA1A4CCA879FB27D78321423C01CBB6D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 141.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="33BBA34C9CC416998EA7C3925A903D6A" authorityName="L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum radicans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
|
<emphasis id="FD6305509D9281A9C6F65961271B101E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum radicans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="BEA225142A6E2A19A9FA8701D6980F75" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
habit
|
|
<emphasis id="1EAF3BCB66C3CA954ECFC054412363DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
flowering branch
|
|
<emphasis id="91C49C6B0EDFCE565862F1CC89260622" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
flowers at full anthesis with flower buds
|
|
<emphasis id="E42A71B0508CAB6EF07982D557763866" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
maturing fruits (
|
|
<emphasis id="5FA190F3D722ECD75390D2FB625FAC2F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="329F68674437C4001B41DA9BBAC53898" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="80C9AB831D1BCF0514C1E05E785E6DCF" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 4065
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="6D2FB6E3C2DB44C7E230BBBC7EC70FD4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="546FA166ED08BB43BA22C621BA1B377B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp et al. 10417</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="17236A86C63354ED8A43E62A3BB83572" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="1EDE88824125291F70D4321BCFA09968" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="C5B7C69D194A9F067FCFD7F57674BBA5" originalValue="Gonzáles">Gonzales</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2877
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="52AE16A3A28D8704B0B54DC99ABF492A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="A158A71D14EC5150888FA8DD4E3B3C52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp et al. 10304</emphasis>
|
|
). Photos by S. Knapp.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="12884AADEDC41A778E8C301486BAA215" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="6F893B937744A630D0E1E645F361422D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4D59F9B48CC86F7908A4FE03CFA44825" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="E34ACDF3FBDED469A1987926D21E8E85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="A2699B1E66C093893707079DF213EDA5" captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 142. Distribution map of Solanum radicans." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897603" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">142</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9AF262155993059A8D16A8DFF6D8D5E" authorityName="L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum radicans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
|
<emphasis id="F3639AF5586658856ABFDB3E4C4C0828" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum radicans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs from Ecuador (Provs. Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Imbabura, Pichincha, Tungurahua) and Peru (Depts. Arequipa,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="2463C710CF40A8754B27978F6D55AECA" originalValue="Apurímac">Apurimac</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huancavelica,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9DDAF2474DB5F4CE5AE76974418617AC" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Ica,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8B70B43AF6E4057BE8831AE0ABCDD69C" originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lima, Moquegua, Piura, Tacna) to Bolivia (Depts. Cochabamba, La Paz) and central Chile (Regions I [
|
|
<normalizedToken id="6B3D067DB3B790F9095CD3388AC5D8F3" originalValue="Tarapacá">Tarapaca</normalizedToken>
|
|
], III [Atacama], IV [Coquimbo], XV [Arica y Parinacota]). Most collections are from the western Andean slopes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="01AE3D0850F71A014DEFABD346B50E82" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897603" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 142" startId="F142">
|
|
<paragraph id="16B3C4B975E2F2A90A37DFCD473CDE37" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="DC7F50AF0061B1D252D652FC83A735F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 142.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution map of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B318377A44FD9982CB06B44EF8B42219" authorityName="L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum radicans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
|
<emphasis id="50B3386AC48CE2B26A1D4B12E332744D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum radicans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F7CF410F6795D0B194B89DD587624115" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="D4677F2E6054FA73115072A6CAE9B2B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CBAFFF8DB9B45537E86C25D5F23082C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7101BBBD01D0B2CDDEF5D44A7354E92F" authorityName="L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum radicans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
|
<emphasis id="13987CE4E0FAD513CD22665B74EBF699" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum radicans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a plant of open places usually at high elevations but can occur to almost sea level in the southern part of its range, from (40-) 1,500 to 3,700 m elevation. It is generally a weedy species and is found in disturbed areas, often associated with human habitation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="EBCEF69B1C826FF52EF5E09A2F6957EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
|
<paragraph id="790098F3B4867D27C4941792D6808DCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="203143FA94675E60DED4EAB855FFBFC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Peru. Arequipa: uva de sapo (
|
|
<emphasis id="E0108B671CFD58C37B7CEF70CBEF5E8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="34A114563B102656B47DA0F918C60DD7" originalValue="Gonzáles">Gonzales</normalizedToken>
|
|
J. 26
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
); Cusco: cusmayllo (
|
|
<emphasis id="8C3AD0213AEA969CA02E6C02CD73DB65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valenzuela et al. 6189</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<normalizedToken id="506B3857C358230D42BDD01C54E15A8A" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
|
|
: bapichinga (
|
|
<emphasis id="745538763FC7F42009D211562AB1DFD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Woytkowski 738</emphasis>
|
|
); Lima: hierba mora (
|
|
<emphasis id="AF079D26BFD44BC31AB38D60E4104606" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Espinoza 39</emphasis>
|
|
); Moquegua: nucchu (
|
|
<emphasis id="05A9F011ADA2F030B7B1B63176D3003F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Blanchard et al. s.n.</emphasis>
|
|
), uva de sapo (
|
|
<emphasis id="7ECDA992F05BE4599A5359D39E64E41F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="697AB0634FC94145D1C721DA3CF8D49A" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
|
5
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
). No uses recorded.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6EFB99E1DC8F4C41DAAA537B46D49C09" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
|
<paragraph id="C82D14134AB3834F194B629EB451D80A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="19F5C87581C03F61BEC46507D2B53553" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="5562CC73CF9029F63B5B00F4375339D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F0F23E3A73F263160F0C80D09EB82FD7" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 2,210,753 km2 [LC]; AOO = 484 km2 [EN].
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC45DD331B39508BCAC33DCE96D5C14F" authorityName="L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum radicans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A43AACB769573D2A6F89E2896FCA341" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum radicans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widely distributed and is often found in conjunction with people (in villages and along roadsides and streams). It has been collected around protected archaeological sites in Cusco (Peru).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="BC3B22A173DE4666545A31E8173458C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="EE344E8DE523031C656DB237636BF4E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A4A512A631A3E2067CF624B62072FA30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E531E0000E2F838D51D5DCEB4414C2AD" authorityName="L. f., Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum radicans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
|
<emphasis id="E59BFB377D52147AFA51B8219B4D0507" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum radicans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a member of a small clade (Radicans clade of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F3E13911386C153328E858A0EC40A03F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/645.5" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="945 - 958" refId="B206" refString="Saerkinen, T, Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, 2015b. True Black nightshades: Phylogeny and delimitation of the Morelloid clade of Solanum. Taxon 64 (5): 945 - 958, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/645.5" title="True Black nightshades: Phylogeny and delimitation of the Morelloid clade of Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/645.5" volume="64" year="2015 b">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="4BF46D22CE13E6ECC7B54A046E474E67" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2015b
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) also containing the Andean species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9E95B7BDBFBDB9964568081CD263A574" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. corymbosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="corymbosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="19461F3CD5D5F15890029B58C6B82231" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. corymbosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6B687EBD2AA85E9BC19D5F4859EAA28" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. palitans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palitans">
|
|
<emphasis id="2B7AFA6B462E2A83A532F75EC544D70C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. palitans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AD0E328ACAD8103FBEA9138C449569EE" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tripartitum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tripartitum">
|
|
<emphasis id="7485C02C69146E9FF7E2BB2812F1CFAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tripartitum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Like them, it is a small herbaceous species that often occurs in disturbed areas. It differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2B4CD71D5069E4E0C4172DBA24A627DC" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. corymbosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="corymbosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="1EB01B8477492B2DAE3683CC2D154271" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. corymbosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in its 5-parted leaves (versus entire) and orange (versus bright red) berries. From
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8F0A543505B2089C626BB35BC8E0C038" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. palitans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palitans">
|
|
<emphasis id="66B48CA9F5E0BDC3E275B543852F3003" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. palitans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="20E83985C4E5F6273D71167C9051DA00" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tripartitum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tripartitum">
|
|
<emphasis id="518DB2D5D0A6EF2F9C824F5397F02E7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tripartitum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
it differs in berry colour (orange versus red or yellow), consistently 5-parted leaves (versus 3-4-parted leaves) and usually violet flowers with a prominent globose green stigma. The buds of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A0A42AF3FABCF482DA6EEE98B14C0169" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. radicans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
|
<emphasis id="575AE71AF18BA7941055238A5143FDBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. radicans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are often dark purple, but at anthesis the corolla is usually white (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8334A835D5115B95A177EC263D5C649B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Representative flowers of South American morelloids A campanulate purple corollas in forked internodal inflorescences in S. fiebrigii B pentagonal white corollas in S. annuum C broadly stellate purple corollas with long-exerted styles in S. pentlandii D broadly stellate white corollas with slightly exerted globose stigmas in S. radicans E deeply stellate pale yellow corollas in S. huayavillense F deeply stellate purple corollas with dark central eye colouration in S. salicifolium G bumblebee visiting and buzzing the anther cone in S. cochabambense H variation in corolla shape, size and colouration within a single individual of S. cochabambense (A Barboza et al. 3548 B Barboza et al. 3495 C Knapp et al. 10248 D Knapp et al. 10277 E Barboza et al. 3531 F Chiarini et al. 819 G Saerkinen et al. 4036 H Knapp et al. 10669). Photos by S. Knapp and T. Saerkinen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C63534AD9E214656D8E03BBFC1B32B62" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
No specimens or herbaria were cited in the protologue of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="289D86D4C6C9402154F6D1AAA519C19D" lsidName="W. ruderalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruderalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="F15A3337A3B46E3262FDB0683AF6F4F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. ruderalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D795960C3932A0514076B8D1512E67F7" author="Remy, J" editor="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Botanica [Flora chilena]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="38 - 98" refId="B187" refString="Remy, J, 1849. XCVI. Solaneas. In: Gay, C, Ed., Historia Politica y Fisica de Chile. Botanica [Flora chilena] 5: 38 - 98" title="XCVI. Solaneas." volume="5" volumeTitle="Historia Politica y Fisica de Chile." year="1849">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="F26932376444483FF247AA6160E190C9" originalValue="Rémy">Remy</normalizedToken>
|
|
1849
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but the publication was largely based on the collections of Claudio Gay. We have selected the one of the two specimens of
|
|
<emphasis id="B74B6D927724FA1898DCBEC71D1285FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gay 267</emphasis>
|
|
at Paris (P00370543) that has a label corresponding to the protologue text as the neotype of this name and combinations based upon it. The other specimen of
|
|
<emphasis id="4A73C60D1846E5170F727FCCC142664B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gay 297</emphasis>
|
|
at P (P00370544) has no annotations and is clearly a duplicate.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |