451 lines
44 KiB
XML
451 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.67.28810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3d778373-9200-41f6-81a7-f0d6955697a1" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-67-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE2635BAD645066B306D50EEA27FFB0" ID-ZBK="16E7395B44CF4B9195E3113155ECE28B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533533" ID-ZooBank="16E7395B44CF4B9195E3113155ECE28B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2607-67-1" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 67" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the European species of Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with a key to European species of Euplectrini" checkinTime="1555332332185" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hansson, Christer & Schmidt, Stefan" docDate="2018" docId="33B08DAAEB14D7521ACD5FA10185298D" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 67: 1-35" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 67" docPubDate="2018-12-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.67.28810" docTitle="Euplectrus bicolor" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FFE2635BAD645066B306D50EEA27FFB0" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFE2635BAD645066B306D50EEA27FFB0" masterDocTitle="Revision of the European species of Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with a key to European species of Euplectrini" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1678750991723" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the European species of Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with a key to European species of Euplectrini</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hansson, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum of Biology (Entomology), Lund University, Soelvegatan 37, SE- 223 62 Lund, Sweden; Scientific Associate, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">christerdennis@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-8706</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>SNSB - Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen, Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2018-12-31</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>67</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>35</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.67.28810</mods:url>
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||
</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.67.28810</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-67-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">16E7395B44CF4B9195E3113155ECE28B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE2635BAD645066B306D50EEA27FFB0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">2533533</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:33B08DAAEB14D7521ACD5FA10185298D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/33B08DAAEB14D7521ACD5FA10185298D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6HCPZ" ID-ENA="1932607" LSID="92C22B08-C88B-5B10-B396-A0386F1B4D6E" authority="(Swederus)" baseAuthorityName="Swederus" baseAuthorityYear="1795" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Euplectrus bicolor (Swederus)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 2. Euplectrus bicolor (Swederus): 1 larvae on caterpillar of Orthosia sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 2 pupae with spin threads. Photo courtesy Spela Modic." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253638" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">Figures</pageBreakToken>
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1-2
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</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">, 7-12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–51" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 51. Euplectrus spp., mesosoma dorsal, female: 48 E. bicolor (Swederus) 49 E. intactus (Walker) 50 E. maculiventris Westwood 51 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures48-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253645" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">, 48</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 52–56" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 52 - 56. Euplectrus spp. 52 - 54 mesosoma dorsal, female 52 E. geometricida sp. n. 53 E. carinifer sp. n. 54 E. pallidigaster sp. n. 55 - 56 mesoscutum, female, a = width of base of midlobe, b = width of base of sidelobe 55 E. bicolor (Swederus) 56 E. intactus (Walker)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures52-56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253646" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">, 55</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pteromalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pteromalus bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">Pteromalus</pageBreakToken>
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bicolor
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</taxonomicName>
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Swederus, 1795:204. Neotype female,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">designated here</emphasis>
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, in MZLU. Combined to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Eulophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulophus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eulophus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67725" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B34" refString="Walker, F, 1839. Monographia Chalciditum, London, 1-333. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67725" title="Monographia Chalciditum, London, 1 - 333." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67725" year="1839">Walker (1839</bibRefCitation>
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:173), and to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euplectrus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="295 - 301" refId="B20" refString="Haliday, AH, 1844. Contributions towards the classification of the Chalcididae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 3: 295 - 301" title="Contributions towards the classification of the Chalcididae." volume="3" year="1844">Haliday (1844</bibRefCitation>
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:297).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1811" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Elachertus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elachertus albiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiventris">Elachertus albiventris</taxonomicName>
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Spinola, 1811:151. Combined to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Eulophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulophus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eulophus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B19" refString="Haliday, AH, 1842. [Plate illustrating the genera of Chalcidoidea] Entomologist 1(15): Plate J." title="[Plate illustrating the genera of Chalcidoidea] Entomologist 1 (15): Plate J." year="1842">Haliday (1842</bibRefCitation>
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:plate J) and to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euplectrus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B36" refString="Walker, F, 1872b. Notes on Chalcididae. Part VII. E.W. Janson, London, 109-129. [17 figures]" title="Notes on Chalcididae. Part VII. E. W. Janson, London, 109 - 129. [17 figures]" year="1872 b">Walker (1872b</bibRefCitation>
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:112); synonymized with
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<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="bicolor">E. bicolor</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B2" refString="Boucek, Z, Askew, RR, 1968. Hym. Chalcidoidea. Palearctic Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae). Index of Entomophagous Insects (Eds) Delucchi V, Remaudiere G. Le Francois, Paris, 1-260." title="Hym. Chalcidoidea. Palearctic Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae). Index of Entomophagous Insects (Eds) Delucchi V, Remaudiere G. Le Francois, Paris, 1 - 260." year="1968">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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||
and Askew (1968
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
:15).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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||
Type material:
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-07-05" collectorName="C. Hansson" country="Sweden" latitude="55.686195" location="Ekskogen" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="13.461166" municipality="Kranke" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Skane" typeStatus="Neotype">
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||
<typeStatus>Neotype</typeStatus>
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||
female labelled "
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||
<collectingCountry name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Skåne">
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||
<collectingRegion country="Sweden" name="Skane">Skane</collectingRegion>
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||
</normalizedToken>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Kranke</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:33B08DAAEB14D7521ACD5FA10185298D:BA0994001DE943F577E0CAB5E692F02D" country="Sweden" latitude="55.686195" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="13.461166" municipality="Kranke" name="Ekskogen" stateProvince="Skane">Ekskogen</location>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.3" value="55.686195">55°41'10.3N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="40.2" value="13.461166">13°27'40.2E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<collectingDate value="2015-07-05">5.vii.2015</collectingDate>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName>C. Hansson</collectorName>
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||
", "BC- ZSM-HYM-25460-C11" in MZLU
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Additional material (
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">440♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">306♂</specimenCount>
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||
):
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Finland" location="Finland" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="8">
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||
<collectingCountry name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
<specimenCount type="female">13♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">8♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(VV)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Finland" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Finland" specimenCount="288" specimenCount-female="163" specimenCount-male="125">
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">163♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">125♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZH, MZLU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, this material includes
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eugraphe" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugraphe subrosea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subrosea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eugraphe subrosea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Agrotis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrotis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Agrotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">14♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosia opima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orthosia opima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Treitschke" authorityYear="1826" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xylina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Xylina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from a "polyphagous noctuid";
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="France" location="France" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="18" specimenCount-male="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="France">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">18♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(NHM)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Greece" location="Greece" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZLU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Hungary" location="Hungary" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Hungary">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZLU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Norway" location="Norway" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Norway">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(VV)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Slovenia" location="Slovenia" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Slovenia">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZLU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, this material includes
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orthosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. on raspberries (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus idaeus" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idaeus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rubus idaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Sweden" location="Sweden" specimenCount="390" specimenCount-female="179" specimenCount-male="211">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">179♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">211♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZLU, NHM, ZSM)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="United Kingdom" location="United Kingdom" specimenCount="119" specimenCount-female="65" specimenCount-male="54">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">65♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">54♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(NHM)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, this material includes
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia mendica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diarsia mendica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">14♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra brassicae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brassicae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mamestra brassicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">9♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">26♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Clerck" baseAuthorityYear="1759" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Polia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polia hepatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="hepatica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Polia hepatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">14♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">8♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Polia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polia nebulosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Polia nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Detailed geographic information of all barcoded specimens is listed in Suppl. material S1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Frons below level of toruli with pale area not extending laterally to the eye but with a dark stripe between pale area and eye, in the female dark area is wider (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10</figureCitation>
|
||
) than in the male (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12</figureCitation>
|
||
); midline on midlobe of mesoscutum usually indicated by either a median carina (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–51" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 51. Euplectrus spp., mesosoma dorsal, female: 48 E. bicolor (Swederus) 49 E. intactus (Walker) 50 E. maculiventris Westwood 51 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures48-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253645" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48</figureCitation>
|
||
) or a median groove in posterior
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
, in some specimens midline indicated just through a change in the reticulation; posterior part of midlobe mesoscutum narrow (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–51" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 51. Euplectrus spp., mesosoma dorsal, female: 48 E. bicolor (Swederus) 49 E. intactus (Walker) 50 E. maculiventris Westwood 51 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures48-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253645" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 52–56" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 52 - 56. Euplectrus spp. 52 - 54 mesosoma dorsal, female 52 E. geometricida sp. n. 53 E. carinifer sp. n. 54 E. pallidigaster sp. n. 55 - 56 mesoscutum, female, a = width of base of midlobe, b = width of base of sidelobe 55 E. bicolor (Swederus) 56 E. intactus (Walker)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures52-56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253646" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">55</figureCitation>
|
||
), ratio width base of midlobe (a)/width base of one sidelobe (b) = 0.57
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.070 (female), 0.55
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.070 (male), width base of midlobe/width base of entire mesoscutum = 0.22
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.019 (female), 0.21
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.019 (male), n= 10 for female and male respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description (neotype).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Length of body 2.8 mm (2.0-3.1 mm in additional material). Antenna with scape yellowish-brown with dorsal edge pale brown, pedicel and flagellomeres 1+2 yellowish-brown, flagellomeres 3-6 pale brown. Mandibles and palpi yellowish-brown. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part yellowish-brown reaching laterally to level of outer edge of toruli (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frons smooth except a reticulate band closer to anterior ocellus than to toruli, reaching from eye to eye, close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertex smooth and shiny. Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Mesosoma black and shiny; midlobe with raised and strong reticulation, meshes isodiametric, midline on midlobe of mesoscutum usually indicated by either a median carina (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–51" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 51. Euplectrus spp., mesosoma dorsal, female: 48 E. bicolor (Swederus) 49 E. intactus (Walker) 50 E. maculiventris Westwood 51 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures48-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253645" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48</figureCitation>
|
||
) or a median groove in posterior
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
, in some specimens midline indicated just through a change in the reticulation. Scutellum 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; with engraved reticulation, meshes elongate, except smooth and shiny posterior margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–51" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 51. Euplectrus spp., mesosoma dorsal, female: 48 E. bicolor (Swederus) 49 E. intactus (Walker) 50 E. maculiventris Westwood 51 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures48-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253645" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsellum with a very narrow groove along anterior margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–51" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 51. Euplectrus spp., mesosoma dorsal, female: 48 E. bicolor (Swederus) 49 E. intactus (Walker) 50 E. maculiventris Westwood 51 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures48-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253645" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48</figureCitation>
|
||
), groove medially 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth and shiny medially, with very weak reticulation laterally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–51" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 51. Euplectrus spp., mesosoma dorsal, female: 48 E. bicolor (Swederus) 49 E. intactus (Walker) 50 E. maculiventris Westwood 51 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures48-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253645" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48</figureCitation>
|
||
); anteromedially with strongly raised triangular cup in posterior part; propodeal callus with 17 setae. Legs yellowish-brown. Forewing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 17 admarginal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">Gaster</pageBreakToken>
|
||
dark brown with a yellowish-brown spot in anteromedian part (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ratios. HE/MS/WM = 1.8/1.0/1.1; POL/OOL/POO = 9.7/5.3/1.0; OOL/DO = 1.5; WE/WF/WH/HH = 1.0/3.0/5.3/3.6; WH/WT = 1.0; PM/ST = 1.6; TS1/TS2/LT/LT1/LT2/LT3/LT4 = 3.6/2.3/2.3/1.3/1.0/1.8; LP/WP = 0.8; MM/LG = 0.9.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Male. Length of body 1.7-2.4 mm. Scape slightly enlarged, widest medially, with sensory pores along entire ventral margin. Similar to female except wider pale clypeal area (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figures7-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253640" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">12</figureCitation>
|
||
), wider scape, longer petiole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ratios. LC/WS = 3.1-3.4, LP/WP = 1.0-1.2.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Agrotis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrotis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Agrotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia mendica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diarsia mendica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius),
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eugraphe" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugraphe subrosea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subrosea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eugraphe subrosea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stephens),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra brassicae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brassicae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mamestra brassicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosia opima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orthosia opima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orthosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. on raspberries (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus idaeus" order="Rosales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idaeus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rubus idaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Clerck" baseAuthorityYear="1759" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Polia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polia hepatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="hepatica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Polia hepatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Clerck),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Polia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polia nebulosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Polia nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hufnagel),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Treitschke" authorityYear="1826" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xylina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Xylina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., a "polyphagous noctuid". All records are from caterpillars of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Sweden (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Swederus, NS" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B32" refString="Swederus, NS, 1795. Beskrifning pa et nytt genus Pteromalus ibland Insecterna, hoerande til Hymenoptera, uti Herr Arch. och Ridd. v. Linnes Systema Naturae. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 16: 201-205, 216-222." title="Beskrifning pa et nytt genus Pteromalus ibland Insecterna, hoerande til Hymenoptera, uti Herr Arch. och Ridd. v. Linnes Systema Naturae. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 16: 201 - 205, 216 - 222." year="1795">Swederus 1795</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Slovenia, United Kingdom (new/confirmed records).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Neotype designation: the original type material for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR deV" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="167 - 275" refId="B18" refString="Graham, MWR deV, 1963. Additions and corrections to the British list of Eulophidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), with descriptions of some new species. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 15 (9): 167 - 275" title="Additions and corrections to the British list of Eulophidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), with descriptions of some new species." volume="15" year="1963">Graham 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Presumably it was originally in the Natural History Museum in Stockholm (Sweden), but cannot be found there. When Swederus described
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
he was very parsimonious with information, which was as usual at that time. The description is very short and fits any European species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Euplectrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Biological and geographical information were not included. Swederus was working in Sweden but made scientific trips to several European countries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Waldeck, G" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://goran.waldeck.se/Ento4.htm" refId="B33" refString="Waldeck, G, 2018. http://goran.waldeck.se/Ento4.htm" url="http://goran.waldeck.se/Ento4.htm" year="2018">Waldeck 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and it is difficult to be sure from where he had the material forming the base for the description. However, since Swederus was Swedish it is probable that he had access to Swedish material. Therefore, the neotype is selected from Swedish material, and it is selected from material belonging to the species that appears to be the most common in this country. The neotype has a DNA barcode of 621 bp and belongs to one of the two haplotypes that were found within the species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 63. Neighbour-joining tree of Euplectrus, with colours indicating different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). For a fully resolved tree with additional terminal taxa information, including sequence length and country of origin, see Suppl. material S 2." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253648" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">63</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="genetic data">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Genetic data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Genetically analysed specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibited comparatively high levels of intraspecific variation (maximum 6.5%) but with a distinct gap to the nearest neighbours (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. intactus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="intactus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. intactus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 10.9% and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. carinifer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="carinifer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. carinifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 10.2%) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 63. Neighbour-joining tree of Euplectrus, with colours indicating different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). For a fully resolved tree with additional terminal taxa information, including sequence length and country of origin, see Suppl. material S 2." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.67.28810.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/253648" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">63</figureCitation>
|
||
). The analysed specimens, all from Sweden, fall into two genetic clusters that occur sympatrically (Suppl. material S2). The absence of morphological characters to separate the two haplotypes does not preclude the possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of two or more species, but analysis of material of other populations and ideally additional (nuclear) gene regions will be required to clarify the status of each population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |