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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297059" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb605a32-1722-403b-9e46-bac664e1a8e5" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905143547" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="2702C4322F77B21EFA10EF3F1DF50C26" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Cricetidae.955-1189.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Chionomys nivalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="05F3D1847A4743C70A50558FE6B48509" lastPageNumber="969" masterDocId="05F3D1847A4743C70A50558FE6B48509" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="1189" masterPageNumber="955" pageNumber="969" updateTime="1716773916032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="64AFFB626AC07BBF2B652EC4241B4D5D">Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="CAD0F0CF597796C8BECBD6898BF4B0A3">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A51655A1CCF2CD44BAAFA6BF0B97919C">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F07194FA1F14D9145AE7A266475D5F8F">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:identifier id="478E17074914ED791D4E0E6760F86BB9" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EBC43A3D098BAD14BA22CF0897ED6E2C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2702C4322F77B21EFA10EF3F1DF50C26" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231522940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2702C4322F77B21EFA10EF3F1DF50C26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2702C4322F77B21EFA10EF3F1DF50C26" lastPageNumber="969" pageNumber="969" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000187">
<subSubSection id="3C7C00B061FA039AA8B0F041D489CA66" pageNumber="969" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C33AE9751900082942A72C433278C85" pageNumber="969">
<taxonomicName id="9BA7835BD64271B4858FFBC62FFA3377" ID-CoL="5Y5J4" authority="(Martins 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Martins" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="D4A26A1D202A702E45CD71C3FAE02D34" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys nivalis</emphasis>
(Martins 1842)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41E8CE401A92F3033798A3834168D527" pageNumber="969" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9C4AEBDF6084FF6CF02CD572D04DAE51" pageNumber="969">
<treatmentCitation id="4018F143D614A79362711A1896B58113" author="Martins" authority="Martins 1842" authorityName="Martins" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" journal="Rev. Zool. Paris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="331" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis" title="Arvicola nivalis" year="1842">
<taxonomicName id="83E4D0FB0A2004B9A35BD93A5DD7B85F" authority="Martins 1842" authorityName="Martins" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="E8EA6FFBD20005880A24CB884FFA5F7C" italics="true" pageNumber="969">[Arvicola] nivalis</emphasis>
Martins 1842
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="1229192A07F1C6250D574DD356DDB95E" author="Martins" journal="Rev. Zool. Paris" pageNumber="969" pagination="331" title="Arvicola nivalis" year="1842">Rev. Zool. Paris: 331</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="96DCB6BE9D840C4E1469FDC01D2CFBC5" pageNumber="969" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="500BF793B5D867FA1CC4A9D198A635DF" pageNumber="969">
<emphasis id="4A2CE4BE7A26D097CB12588E55D1A002" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="969">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="5B6F9163BF4EFB16A7119088CDD72503" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286345" country="Switzerland" pageNumber="969">
<collectingCountry id="824E14D8CFA27EC09D0B1BCF00613E3E" name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
, Berner Oberland, Faulhorn.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C7C4F1044989849C2E1CDF4FE3FAC30" pageNumber="969" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="06DA1C9E3C5C3C7B9454106D1B20BA7D" pageNumber="969">
<emphasis id="54A918A88176168A62DD72A6CAF47ACD" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="969">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="5D69FC1396966A00911D6D0F792A9E5B" language="eng" pageNumber="969">European Snow Vole</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3F7044D4EE6F4D33539BBC4F31ACFBB" pageNumber="969" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="F9FE4026C98E06DAE772DF44B103A3F1" pageNumber="969">
<emphasis id="D579E57B3C1616246AACD6C1E3260E81" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="969">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0EADE7659F6A499EAF45D4A0A8C1F288" authority="(Agacino 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Agacino" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abulensis">
<emphasis id="F8B9554147A94141395B108420A5B4CF" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys abulensis</emphasis>
(Agacino 1936)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="F6A354F44D5C6243025FF44D58DC4AAA" authority="Paspalev, Martino, and Peshev 1952" authorityName="Paspalev, Martino, and Peshev" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleco">
<emphasis id="D0AC900A85FE1F09004480B7F024D66E" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys aleco</emphasis>
Paspalev, Martino, and Peshev 1952
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="CC371B6E66FA97564BF6C458B23DF39D" authority="(Wagner 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="EFE7A1613063B9E458286E528E42976B" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys alpinus</emphasis>
(Wagner 1843)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="EB627EE6509CCECEC00BF02B68345F71" authority="(Dal Piaz 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Dal Piaz" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="appenninicus">
<emphasis id="AB1442A51E21EB397AFE22520CE5E1A9" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys appenninicus</emphasis>
(Dal Piaz 1929)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="04EB2448651DA466E1C6E30DB9FC871B" authority="(Miller 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquitanius">
<emphasis id="AAB311B2E87B6408AAEA1DA72591D2BF" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys aquitanius</emphasis>
(Miller 1908)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="D11DF605F1BAD9AECACAA2B8F00657EE" authority="Spitzenberger 1973" authorityName="Spitzenberger" authorityYear="1973" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cedrorum">
<emphasis id="A51A047E3A853D8A81B5E75891E49F27" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys cedrorum</emphasis>
Spitzenberger 1973
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A9F3E887F208485A3CB2AE41D76A231F" authority="(Heptner 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Heptner" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dementievi">
<emphasis id="D9B33EAE0DE43EED51CAE7D9BB34E7C8" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys dementievi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E6BEF18987141A127949CC640B76A0E3" author="Heptner, V. G." refId="ref147548" refString="Heptner, V. G. 1939. The Turkestan desert shrew, its biology and adaptive peculiarities. Journal of Mammalogy, 20: 139 - 149." year="1939">Heptner 1939</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="BB1583523FB25EC77E14EADF473A5D01" authority="(Miller 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonis">
<emphasis id="2690AE18D570452201B90695D258BED3" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys hermonis</emphasis>
(Miller 1908)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2E3306FEFBC7740300C28F54B1C252C9" authority="(Crespon 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Crespon" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lebruni">
<emphasis id="D12D1339D6BC79BE0B3CFEABA08CD8EB" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys lebruni</emphasis>
(Crespon 1844)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="3A8C237511CEEDB613478E0B41E4BEFD" authority="(Gerbe 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Gerbe" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucurus">
<emphasis id="5B855AAC338145F086C19FE4A27EA7AE" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys leucurus</emphasis>
(Gerbe 1852)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="46C57523D6FA47C66BBB35300B2B4DDA" authority="(Ognev 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loginovi">
<emphasis id="FE696C8163EE2E8C6C7670D53E7F5A8A" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys loginovi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9B25646B958665849B850D5B38826370" author="Ognev, S. I." refId="ref264593" refString="Ognev, S. I. 1950. Zveri SSSR i prilezhashchikh stran: Gryzuny (prodolzhenie). (Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii) [Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries: Rodents (continued). (Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia)]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 7: 1 - 706 + 15 maps (in Russian)." year="1950">Ognev 1950</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5C436AF7F2268A8D2E7A9B4C61453459" authority="(Bolkay 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Bolkay" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malyi">
<emphasis id="A213D69822D8062873DE673C26D702E6" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys malyi</emphasis>
(Bolkay 1925)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="03BCCA6DEB6DA2012F5AF62D81EEF5A8" authority="(Schäfer 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Schäfer" baseAuthorityYear="1935" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirhanreini">
<emphasis id="6E07F6EB0CD5224C3AE1AB8D393A58A3" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys mirhanreini</emphasis>
(Schäfer 1935)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="42B9C1FEFC945521905D29315A845429" authority="(Schinz 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivicola">
<emphasis id="49338AC7733480BA9D6C9CB66C6ADBEF" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys nivicola</emphasis>
(Schinz 1845)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="DA265DA8FD9752868D12AF2558DB3464" authority="(Neuhäuser 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Neuhäuser" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olympius">
<emphasis id="E351C80023DD09CA668A89139CF15168" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys olympius</emphasis>
(Neuhäuser 1936)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="163A3C789303E3F13613835FE4F8E96F" authority="(Wagner 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petrophilus">
<emphasis id="2091651827165CD1C405D19B4A09D59D" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys petrophilus</emphasis>
(Wagner 1853)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7856993815FF602A1C4FD4C357CBFBB8" authority="(Miller 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pontius">
<emphasis id="00873555B427D3AA25926C3A93A104D8" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys pontius</emphasis>
(Miller 1908)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="43A013B908225F9A701C1CD10120FC40" authority="(Ehik 1942)" baseAuthorityName="Ehik" baseAuthorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radnensis">
<emphasis id="595A3DCEDDE7AA467071FA690A8EF442" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys radnensis</emphasis>
(Ehik 1942)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7D712B5247800D63E439ABFB15485FAE" authority="(Shidlovsky 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Shidlovsky" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satunini">
<emphasis id="00386871B82A775CB0A4E8F023D5F95B" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys satunini</emphasis>
(Shidlovsky 1919)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="42E90690A181ABE7B938DBCF2940ADBD" authority="Nadachowski 1990" authorityName="Nadachowski" authorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spitzenbergerae">
<emphasis id="381039F4F7136321B09A4DE260237CC3" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys spitzenbergerae</emphasis>
Nadachowski 1990
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6D3CF72CD5788903B1FEDEC13A588AFC" authority="(Shidlovsky 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Shidlovsky" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trialeticus">
<emphasis id="7F8F2FC04951C91C206779CC7863555B" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys trialeticus</emphasis>
(Shidlovsky 1919)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5E8524CC920B2B6D5652949E1C9A43DF" authority="(Miller 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulpius">
<emphasis id="175EAACCEE31320E357D7115207E68B4" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys ulpius</emphasis>
(Miller 1908)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7935EC1A7AD577FCD4A1E1EF91718994" authority="Martino 1940" authorityName="Martino" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="969" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wagneri">
<emphasis id="D9A98C7248A5D2E7EBEBC29631348DDD" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Chionomys wagneri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="478783B2019FAF4654572278D85D6584" author="Martino, V. &amp; E. Martino" refId="ref228079" refString="Martino, V., and E. Martino. 1940. Preliminary notes on five new mammals from Yugoslavia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, 11: 493 - 498." year="1940">Martino 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80C1F436A094CB9D7534B70D963A46F5" pageNumber="969" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3BE6EA347022FDD9521C70644A28EF74" pageNumber="969">
<emphasis id="FBAA2320B5E6234D10F2822CED8B1A72" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="969">Distribution:</emphasis>
Mountains of S Europe (Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathians, Balkan mountains, Pindhos Range and Mt Olimbos), east to
<collectingCountry id="CE51EC772987C89DF62D4C6A73D2D038" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, W Caucasus (
<collectingCountry id="5A6FC681BA13B8EAD911AC28F3883F82" name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3EC517E13E174238CB158289E1FE4386" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="251FFFC28DDB30064F506117E06C7EED" name="Lebanon">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
, W
<collectingCountry id="5DF1E63B4FC9D85CF0184ABDB1ECFE96" name="Syria">Syria</collectingCountry>
, Zagros and
<collectingRegion id="C72A780ED65FA15AB61B7ED1EF13315D" country="Iran" name="Alborz">Elburz</collectingRegion>
Mtns of W and N
<collectingCountry id="4C8AA97452AE1446F15703843E1063A7" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
, and Kopet Dag of S
<collectingCountry id="C4AD1EF374EF35F694D3BF094C83E11C" name="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93E37D70006932768820DFCF3D016A1D" pageNumber="969" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="3EEBC342748EDDC3BE09F0B82DB34789" pageNumber="969">
<emphasis id="F916B415A932B9E95B710593D2BCA442" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="969">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9B1847753A02DC10501602DA2A30D2CE">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (nt).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E35B0BC131F44DEBD7785C416E6DCC6" pageNumber="969" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5B30873E3EBCFC3BA8464340BC18DC29" pageNumber="969">
<emphasis id="F60C27789F1C0EF7CFFA226E00519290" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="969">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="A6F87CCA4C3FFBB7E95FAAD0BE2BA95D" pageNumber="969">
European populations reviewed by
<bibRefCitation id="264D0E179ECBA4410AE404AF50742B16" author="Krapp, F." refId="ref196922" refString="Krapp, F. 1982 a. Microtus nivalis (Martins, 1842) -- Schneemaus. Pp. 261 - 283, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 2 / I: 1 - 649." year="1982">
Krapp (1982
<emphasis id="7D1F4419A4C19A31B8872472DD1E2117" italics="true" pageNumber="969">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="CDD85E8437C9C1F8240061A3FA4CB328" author="Mitchell-Jones, A. J. &amp; G. Amori &amp; W. Bogdanowicz &amp; B. Krystufek &amp; P. J. H. Reijnders &amp; F. Spitzenberger &amp; M. Stubbe &amp; J. B. M. Thissen &amp; V. Vohralik &amp; J. Zima" refId="ref243793" refString="Mitchell-Jones, A. J., G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, and J. Zima. 1999. Atlas of European mammals. Academic Press, London, 496 pp." year="1999">Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, those in
<collectingCountry id="63D2F9F9886210820DEF232D816E2665" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
and nearby regions by
<bibRefCitation id="70DA56234607BA4CEA15ABAC4CAA2517" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; M. A. Erbajeva" refId="ref130294" refString="Gromov, I. M., and M. A. Erbajeva. 1995. [The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Lagomorphs and Rodents.] Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institut, St. Petersburg, 520 pp." year="1995">Gromov and Erbajeva (1995)</bibRefCitation>
. Other regional and geopolitical accounts of distribution and taxonomy include the
<collectingRegion id="7186193D7CA793B01C8012691A6947B9" country="Spain" name="Navarra">Navarra region</collectingRegion>
, N
<collectingCountry id="28A79B18349EEA78BE83FBCD989F29EB" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8FB7183B0D0C2D401B1B731D303611A7" author="Castien, E. &amp; J. Gosalbez" refId="ref54281" refString="Castien, E., and J. Gosalbez. 1992. Distribucion de micromamiferos (Insectivora y Rodentia) en Navarra. Navarra Miscellania Zoologica, 16: 183 - 195." year="1992">Castien and Gosalbez, 1992</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="EB2A84AFF23D771FEC359F00DF66E6BC" baseAuthorityName="Nadachowski" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="126778E66940A3579F609D7D6C1B2E74" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Microtus nivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<collectingCountry id="8BA5E86E73F161C11ACC0B84DBBE87A3" name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="33F7709016533A7B74BA8213A018EB12" author="Hausser, J." refId="ref142872" refString="Hausser, J. 1995. Saugetiere der Schweiz. Verbreitung. Biologie. Okologie. Birkhauser Verlag: Basel, 501 pp." year="1995">Hausser, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1F1768247437297DAB1753578551A8D2" author="Maurizio, R." refId="ref231876" refString="Maurizio, R. 1994. I piccoli mammiferi (Mammalia: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia, Carnivora) della Bregaglia (Grigioni, Svizzera). Il Naturalista Valtellinese-Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Morbegno, 5: 91 - 138." year="1994">Maurizio, 1994</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="23C4112AE94CDC919E9B1CD45608D0F7" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6E5C5F93A4DB8CBE92F7442711D2C4DA" author="Amori, G. &amp; F. M. Angelici &amp; L. Boitani" refId="ref7666" refString="Amori, G., F. M. Angelici, and L. Boitani. 1999. Mammals of Italy: A revised checklist of species and subspecies (Mammalia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 79 (2): 271 - 286." year="1999">Amori et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
), especially N
<collectingCountry id="72A50A4FF7E320559242D62D565CBCAD" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="156401616823D13BEC2B4FDEBE96E180" author="Cantini, M." refId="ref50147" refString="Cantini, M. 1991. Comunita di piccoli Mammiferi (Mammalia: Insectivora, Rodentia, Carnivora) nell'Alto Lario Orientale (Lombardia, Italia) e valutazioni della qualita ambientale. Il Naturalista Valtellinese-Atti Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Morbegno, 2: 71 - 98." year="1991">Cantini, 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="399E81F65E2B2122257C3BD6763A704D" author="Cresti, M. &amp; S. Marini &amp; L. Rinetti &amp; A. Zangirolami" refId="ref71216" refString="Cresti, M., S. Marini, L. Rinetti, and A. Zangirolami. 1994. Indagine sur popolamento de micromammiferi nell'Alto Luinese (Varese). Atti della Societa Italiana de Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 133 (13): 153 - 183." year="1994">Cresti et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E8E0EE26CDD7DD9DA781D90163E1A36E" author="Locatelli, R. &amp; P. Paolucci" refId="ref215239" refString="Locatelli, R., and P. Paolucci. 1996 a. Micromammiferi della foresta demaniale de Cadino. Natura Alpina, 46 (4): 1 - 68." year="1996">
Locatelli and Paolucci, 1996
<emphasis id="6163DF5F922BC94C82C1926FCF223D22" italics="true" pageNumber="969">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="E907448AD2D3D54C78A4FABCFEFA781A" italics="true" pageNumber="969">b</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DDCBBC6F8563B8F2B01868115455CC81" author="Paolucci, P. &amp; M. Bon &amp; R. De Battisti &amp; F. Mezzavilla &amp; E. Vernier" refId="ref272332" refString="Paolucci, P., M. Bon, R. De Battisti, F. Mezzavilla, E. Vernier. 1993. Distribuzione di alcuni mammiferi in Veneto. Supplemento alle Ricerchedi Biologia della Selvaggina, 31: 415 - 424." year="1993">Paolucci et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
); Alpic, Dinaric, and Shara-Pindic mountain systems in
<collectingCountry id="CBC3A5D437440CECF9DEDA9C668E9EA3" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="04B87067610FA76F8C6F3C2695B90CF5" author="Petrov, B. M." refId="ref283163" refString="Petrov, B. M. 1992. Mammals of Yugoslavia. Insectivores and rodents. Natural History Museum in Belgrade, Supplement 37: 1 - 186." year="1992">Petrov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="6A80608F991C4789EE067042FD58F076" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
(Mošanský, 1994; Stanko and Mošanský, 1994, 2000);
<collectingCountry id="B31A669C5809D612C8FC3CC3D64BFD6E" name="Slovenia">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
(Kryštufek, 1991);
<collectingCountry id="4ADED91E910D48E607E8A74309A8F551" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(Kryštufek, 1999
<emphasis id="C9FB490276E70F1A96732AEBF82898A9" italics="true" pageNumber="969">c</emphasis>
);
<collectingCountry id="2C28138C3B99164E7BB616BBB403C2EA" name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C46E2E8A64F72EA0BD06F5EC841E540" author="Niethammer, J." refId="ref260588" refString="Niethammer, J. 1987 b. Uber griechische Nager im Museum A. Koenig in Bonn. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Ser. B, 88 / 89: 245 - 256." year="1987">
Niethammer, 1987
<emphasis id="7198EDE809B6669762A354771CC5067B" italics="true" pageNumber="969">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
); the Middle East (
<bibRefCitation id="5CE7ACFF0C20B9BB59A8DBCC20B8C192" author="Harrison, D. L. &amp; P. J. J. Bates" refId="ref141262" refString="Harrison, D. L., and P. J. J. Bates. 1991. The mammals of Arabia, Second ed. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, United Kingdom, 354 pp." year="1991">Harrison and Bates, 1991</bibRefCitation>
); and
<collectingCountry id="1B0889F00E453809699D92B33C01046E" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EAE746BAFB60877C0973929533D31BDC" author="Lay, D. M." refId="ref207358" refString="Lay, D. M. 1967. A study of the mammals of Iran resulting from the Street expedition of 1962 - 63. Fieldiana: Zoology, 54: 1 - 282." year="1967">Lay, 1967</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16DEA6F500DF7584E1126AFB7AE48448" pageNumber="969">
Kratochvíl (1981
<emphasis id="C5FC67D4765074B7EDCCDD769F8ABDFE" italics="true" pageNumber="969">a</emphasis>
) analyzed intraspecific variation among Carpathian samples and reviewed European and Turkish subspecies. The subspecies
<taxonomicName id="41442FB75B6769B758F506DC27576506" authorityName="Nadachowski" authorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spitzenbergerae">
<emphasis id="F73DFE2FD7B2AD1D9E3DE1AEDC890E81" italics="true" pageNumber="969">spitzenbergerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
denotes a population from S
<collectingCountry id="E798DCC8C094F0B6877E43A10AB26D09" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
that was previously misidentified by
<bibRefCitation id="F6D8A6424C4C82FC037FBA4E7F9A2C43" author="Spitzenberger, F." refId="ref336531" refString="Spitzenberger, F. 1971 b. Zur systematik und tiergeographie von Microtus (Chionomys) nivalis and Microtus (Chionomys) gud (Microtinae, Mamm.) in S-Anatolien. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 36: 370 - 380." year="1971">
Spitzenberger (1971
<emphasis id="B65E0D1D53A2C26BACED06FFADADBC55" italics="true" pageNumber="969">b</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="0915F7FFFDCB9CEB31C6F25C24C71E99" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gud">
<emphasis id="2FB629D5B76C7252884A65203805BDD8" italics="true" pageNumber="969">C. gud</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is known only from NE
<collectingCountry id="BB58EA6B0472DC12547FEF7BD94AA839" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
where it is sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="88888383A4FA1422E5DEF2C05B507C43" authority="(Nadachowski, 1990 b)" baseAuthorityName="Nadachowski" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="10A7ECD762090889792002A6B456CEDB" italics="true" pageNumber="969">C. nivalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="985F8EE5888DE2272DC014DA8E596A57" author="Nadachowski, A." refId="ref254409" refString="Nadachowski, A. 1990 b. On the taxonomic status of Chionomys Miller, 1908 (Rodentia: Mammalia) from southern Anatolia (Turkey). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 33: 79 - 89." year="1990">
Nadachowski, 1990
<emphasis id="894445E9EBA5D52579CBFE4CF3DC42BD" italics="true" pageNumber="969">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Association of the overlooked
<taxonomicName id="B93C6BD4DADC55A21530FF9D5F664970" baseAuthorityName="Dal Piaz" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="appenninicus">
<emphasis id="E52E04A322F267E5C3339D5515018752" italics="true" pageNumber="969">appenninicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is discussed by Kryštufek (1997). Vertical distribution in
<collectingCountry id="471BF91F844412412AA7D6538D3390C6" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
documented by Kryštufek and Kovacic (1989); geographic variation within
<collectingCountry id="076A904F2CB433A38A5E41EDF9C22E82" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FD543A860B90A7EB8D0EB2B5C5127716" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
by Kryštufek (1990); distribution in
<collectingCountry id="2A15351417693870204ED3891BBD3F83" name="Portugal">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D417059545CF72F8A74E452DD5802535" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="1C2508B6704AEF6DE47AE1712B0A76AF" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
and morphometric distinctions from regional
<taxonomicName id="8B424F8F956EFA61A166E2B2FC4C31A2" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1798" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A1FA52620BFF3088C924A085EBABBE4E" italics="true" pageNumber="969">Microtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="1FC84B0B836CF1DD20206C52BCF152B6" author="Madureira, M. D. L." refId="ref221463" refString="Madureira, M. D. L. 1983. On the identification of West-European Microtus of the sub-genera Microtus and Chionomys (Mammalia, Rodentia). A principal component analysis. Revista de Biologia, 12 (3 - 4): 615 - 632." year="1983">Madureira (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. Chromosomal variation in Bulgarian populations reported by
<bibRefCitation id="92E03F2CEC1504E9EFFFCDC86478FDDC" author="Peshev, T. &amp; B. Belcheva" refId="ref281651" refString="Peshev, T., and B. Belcheva. 1979. Karyological studies on snow vole Microtus nivalis Martins (Mammalia, Rodentia) collected in Bulgaria. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 203: 65 - 68." year="1979">Peshev and Belcheva (1979)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="49F79F3C580A0A9B22D6C7EA65771653" author="Zima, J. &amp; M. Macholan &amp; B. Krystufek &amp; S. Petkovski" refId="ref407558" refString="Zima, J., M. Macholan, B. Krystufek and S. Petkovski. 1997 a. Karyotypes of certain small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) from Macedonia. Scopolia, 38: 1 - 15." year="1997">
Zima et al. (1997
<emphasis id="A1B9CDDD9E6969515B9E288597342BE7" italics="true" pageNumber="969">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
documented karyotypes from a Macedonian population and reviewed chromosomal data from other geographic areas. Allozymic variation within N
<collectingCountry id="B1E250EBAA7AA84499754D4F236C4D45" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="86D596FAD5F512831FFC90916E011A5F" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
suggests that the Israeli population from Mt Hermon (
<taxonomicName id="F79D9E0BDC41B048398E622C7878396F" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonis">
<emphasis id="987513B81B0CDE3EE71A01B13E507AED" italics="true" pageNumber="969">hermonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is a separate species (
<bibRefCitation id="8A0E93372627E2BE242CDACCD93BA58E" author="Filippucci, M. G. &amp; V. Fadda &amp; B. Krystufek &amp; S. Simson &amp; G. Amori" refId="ref101550" refString="Filippucci, M. G., V. Fadda, B. Krystufek, S. Simson, and G. Amori. 1991. Allozyme variation and differentiation in Chionomys nivalis (Martins, 1842). Acta Theriologica, 36: 47 - 62." year="1991">Filippucci et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C99342B284D8C1E42F55E56FFC0B000F" author="Nadachowski, A." refId="ref254480" refString="Nadachowski, A. 1992. Short-distance migration of Quaternary and Recent mammals: A case study of Chionomys (Arvicolidae). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 153: 221 - 228." year="1992">Nadachowski (1992)</bibRefCitation>
analyzed dental patterns of Quaternary and extant populations to reconstruct timing and routes of past migrations; he also mapped the insular montane distribution from
<collectingCountry id="379D918D72CD87A95A3DF0C173BCE441" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="831AC426E5DFE0E8BDBA7C79092C4F4E" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
, the scientific names applied to each segment, and Quaternary fossil sites. Although now absent from the British Isles,
<taxonomicName id="93C6CD404738EE261C45371469891ECA" baseAuthorityName="Nadachowski" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1BADC2C9F39638AD59F566ADEF53FF95" italics="true" pageNumber="969">C. nivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred in S
<collectingCountry id="8FA4B936B045D87AE7CA8B5050B15A42" name="United Kingdom">England</collectingCountry>
during the last Pleistocene glaciation (
<bibRefCitation id="E52A929DD86B9E3779A1A4BB3939D2AD" author="Kowalski, K." refId="ref195880" refString="Kowalski, K. 1967. Lagurus lagurus (Pallas, 1773) and Cricetus cricetus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia, Mammalia) in the Pleistocene of England. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 12 (6): 111 - 122." year="1967">Kowalski, 1967</bibRefCitation>
; Nadachowski, 1991)
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>