246 lines
30 KiB
XML
246 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="87CD3AD4E49AD89237BDF51437108DA3" ID-CLB-Dataset="29278" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4454.1.19" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d07daf7-d677-4cdc-b633-9fda7188e232" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1446681" ID-ZooBank="51A75DB6-30E0-4875-8106-A3DEB5A9E9D3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538746885824" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Huang, Jian-Fu" docDate="2018" docId="9374967C0A2DD359D589A5DCFDED8546" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4454.1.19.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4454 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gnathophis asanoi Karmovskaya 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="237" masterDocId="6F4DEE040A2FD35DD51EA104FF9D8169" masterDocTitle="Notes on two rare conger eel species (Anguilliformes: Congridae) found in Taiwanese waters" masterLastPageNumber="237" masterPageNumber="233" pageNumber="235" updateTime="1698565331634" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="71A7B40E2FB219E416EE58E302F31C82">Notes on two rare conger eel species (Anguilliformes: Congridae) found in Taiwanese waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E30508954D306CF82E7BF2A5F9FF862D">Ho, Hsuan-Ching</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7EED525375364B31A9DCB69C9799496">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="645C53043807BFF114E093E833A8A0E8">Huang, Jian-Fu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="54E84320B5B6E8869F8F354DACA94259">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="04ABF665FB324AD8C9D50EF314DC4BF0">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9374967C0A2DD359D589A5DCFDED8546" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5980562" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148639600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5980562" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9374967C0A2DD359D589A5DCFDED8546" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9374967C0A2DD359D589A5DCFDED8546" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<subSubSection id="53C774E10A2DD35FD589A5DCFE8C847A" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2DD35FD589A5DCFDE1859A" blockId="2.[151,636,1240,1299]" box="[151,636,1240,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<heading id="402A90060A2DD35FD589A5DCFDE1859A" bold="true" box="[151,636,1240,1267]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2DD35FD589A5DCFDE1859A" ID-CoL="3GLVG" authority="Karmovskaya, 2004" authorityName="Karmovskaya" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,636,1240,1267]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asanoi">
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<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2DD35FD589A5DCFDE1859A" bold="true" box="[151,636,1240,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2DD35FD589A5DCFEE1859B" bold="true" box="[151,380,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Gnathophis asanoi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4C5A9B0A2DD35FD49DA5DDFDE1859A" box="[387,636,1241,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" refId="ref2539" refString="Karmovskaya, E. S. (2004) Benthopelagic bathyal conger eels of families Congridae and Nettastomatidae from the western tropical Pacific, with descriptions of ten new species. Journal of Ichthyology, 44 (Supplement 1), 1 - 32. [S 1 - S 32]" type="journal article">Karmovskaya, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2DD35FD589A5F8FE8C847A" blockId="2.[151,636,1240,1299]" box="[151,273,1276,1299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<figureCitation id="83E63BEF0A2DD35FD589A5F8FE8C847A" box="[151,273,1276,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,375,1796]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gnathophis asanoi Karmovskaya, 2004, NMMB-P25987, 291 mm TL. A. lateral view. B. head pore, by Y.-C. Tu. C. tooth pattern, upper jaw (left) and lower jaw (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Figs. 2A–C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53C774E10A2DD35FD589A445FA0084D7" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2DD35FD589A445FAC5843F" blockId="2.[151,1368,1345,1366]" box="[151,1368,1345,1366]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3BCD00440A2DD35FD589A445FAC5843F" box="[151,1368,1345,1366]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2DD35FD589A445FD87843F" ID-CoL="3GLVG" authority="Karmovskaya, 2004" authorityName="Karmovskaya" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,538,1345,1366]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asanoi">
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<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2DD35FD589A445FED1843F" box="[151,332,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Gnathophis asanoi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4C5A9B0A2DD35FD44DA445FD87843F" box="[339,538,1345,1366]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" refId="ref2539" refString="Karmovskaya, E. S. (2004) Benthopelagic bathyal conger eels of families Congridae and Nettastomatidae from the western tropical Pacific, with descriptions of ten new species. Journal of Ichthyology, 44 (Supplement 1), 1 - 32. [S 1 - S 32]" type="journal article">Karmovskaya, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:S18, fig. 10 (type locality: Philippines, Sibuyan Sea,
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<quantity id="DC258A8F0A2DD35FD109A445FB1B843F" box="[1047,1158,1345,1366]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" unit="m" value="360.0" valueMax="440.0" valueMin="280.0">280‒440 m</quantity>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="9A7C017B0A2DD35FD189A445FAC9843F" author="" box="[1175,1364,1345,1366]" page="147" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4C5A9B0A2DD35FD189A445FAB1843F" box="[1175,1324,1345,1366]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" refId="ref2451" refString="Ho, H. - C., Smith, D. G., McCosker, J. E., Hibino, Y., Loh, K. - H., Tighe, K. A. & Shao, K. - T. (2015) Annotated checklist of eels (orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes) from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 4060 (1), 140 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4060.1.16" type="journal article">
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Ho
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<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2DD35FD1A5A445FB76843F" box="[1211,1259,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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:147
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2DD35FD589A485FA0084D7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1409,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2DD35FD589A485FE1684F3" bold="true" box="[151,395,1409,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Specimen examined.</emphasis>
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NMMB-P
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<quantity id="DC258A8F0A2DD35FD71BA485FD2E84F0" box="[517,691,1409,1434]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5987291" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="2.5987291E7">25987, 291 mm</quantity>
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TL,
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<date id="6F6301AA0A2DD35FD7F7A486FCE084F3" box="[745,893,1410,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" value="2017-10-13">13 Oct. 2017</date>
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, coll. H.-C. Ho; USNM
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||
<quantity id="DC258A8F0A2DD35FD192A486FAD784F0" box="[1164,1354,1410,1434]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.01080343" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="4.01080343E8">401080, 343 mm</quantity>
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TL,
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<date id="6F6301AA0A2DD35FD09EA485FE9684D7" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" value="2010-05-25">25 May 2010</date>
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, coll. H.-C. Ho & Y. Yamanoue; both from Dong-gang, southern
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<collectingCountry id="63CA67FA0A2DD35FD6FEA4A1FBA884D7" box="[992,1077,1445,1470]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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, South
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<collectingCountry id="63CA67FA0A2DD35FD199A4A1FB5784D7" box="[1159,1226,1445,1470]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">China</collectingCountry>
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Sea, bottom trawl.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="53C774E10A2DD359D5D9A4CDFEDB80CE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2DD35FD5D9A4CDFB028727" blockId="2.[151,1437,1409,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2DD35FD5D9A4CDFD16848B" bold="true" box="[199,651,1481,1506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Description of Taiwanese specimens.</emphasis>
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Head length 14.4‒15.3% TL; preanal length 35.1‒37.9; predorsal length 16.8‒17.3; trunk length 20.2‒22.6; tail length 61.8‒64.9; depth at head ~4.2; depth at anus 3.4‒4.8; width at anus ~2.7. Snout length 31.3‒33.5% HL; eye diameter 14.7‒20.6% HL; interorbital width ~11.2; rictus 35.4‒41.1; gill opening width 10.5‒11.8; interbranchial width 19.6‒20.2; pectoral-fin length 23.9‒24.2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2DD35FD5D9A75DFECB864F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1409,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Body moderately elongate, cylindrical in cross section anteriorly, becoming more compressed posteriorly; tip of tail moderately attenuate; anus slightly behind anterior third of total length. Dorsal-fin origin slightly ahead tip of appressed pectoral fin, continuous around tip of tail with caudal and anal fins. Anal fin begins immediately behind anus. Pectoral-fin well developed, pointed distally with narrow base. Gill opening relatively small, smaller than eye diameter, its upper end nearly opposite middle of pectoral-fin base; interbranchial broader than gill opening and eye.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2DD35ED5D9A635FE6D81BD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1409,2010]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Head moderately large reflected by the less slender body, deepest at about gill opening; snout long and pointed, its length 1.6‒2.1 times eye diameter, projecting well beyond lower jaw; lower jaw clearly shorter than snout; fleshy part of snout projecting anteriorly beyond anterior end of intermaxillary tooth patch; rictus below anterior half of eye. Anterior nostril tubular, near tip of snout, directed ventrolaterally. Posterior nostril elliptical, with a slightly raised rim, in front of eye at mid-eye level. Upper lip with a shallow, free, upturned flange, beginning at second infraorbital pore and ending below middle of eye. Lower lip with a well-developed downturned flange. Tongue free, long, and narrow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2CD35ED5D9A1DBFC9E8029" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">
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Lateral-line complete, first pore on each side slightly enlarged, the canal extended to caudal-fin base; 6 before pectoral-fin base, 10 before dorsal-fin origin, 33‒36 pores before anal-fin origin; and ca. 127 total pores (based on
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<collectionCode id="7DCCBFAF0A2CD35ED589A023FE918029" box="[151,268,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">NMMB-P</collectionCode>
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25987); no elevated pores above pectoral fin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4FA277E20A2CD35ED589A618FD148626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236" startId="3.[151,244,1820,1842]" targetBox="[151,1436,375,1774]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2CD35ED589A618FD148626" blockId="3.[151,1436,1820,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">
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<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2CD35ED589A618FE93865B" bold="true" box="[151,270,1820,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2CD35ED408A619FD01865B" authority="Karmovskaya, 2004" authorityName="Karmovskaya" authorityYear="2004" box="[278,668,1821,1842]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asanoi">
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<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2CD35ED408A619FE53865B" box="[278,462,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Gnathophis asanoi</emphasis>
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Karmovskaya, 2004
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</taxonomicName>
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, NMMB-P25987, 291 mm TL. A. lateral view. B. head pore, by Y.-C. Tu. C. tooth pattern, upper jaw (left) and lower jaw (right).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2CD359D5D9A696FBE181B8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1938,2030]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1071]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">
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Head pores small (
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<figureCitation id="83E63BEF0A2CD35ED483A696FE6A86C2" box="[413,503,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,375,1796]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gnathophis asanoi Karmovskaya, 2004, NMMB-P25987, 291 mm TL. A. lateral view. B. head pore, by Y.-C. Tu. C. tooth pattern, upper jaw (left) and lower jaw (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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); supraorbital canal with 5 pores, the first (ethmoidal pore) and second on ventral side of tip of snout, just ahead the lip. Infraorbital canal with 7 pores, first 4 along the upper lip and the fifth behind the rictus; 2 pores behind eye. No pore on frontal. Preopercular canal with 2 pores; mandibular pores 7, 6 along lower jaw and the last well behind rictus. Supratemporal commissure with 3 pores, the middle one tiny. Predorsal vertebrae 10; preanal vertebrae 34‒36; precaudal vertebrae ~42; total vertebrae 137‒141.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2BD359D5D9A1DEFBA78053" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">
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Teeth small, conical to blunt (
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<figureCitation id="83E63BEF0A2BD359D700A1DEFDE4819A" box="[542,633,218,243]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,375,1796]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gnathophis asanoi Karmovskaya, 2004, NMMB-P25987, 291 mm TL. A. lateral view. B. head pore, by Y.-C. Tu. C. tooth pattern, upper jaw (left) and lower jaw (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446685/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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). Intermaxillary in about four transverse rows, connected to maxillary and vomerine teeth. Maxillary and mandibular teeth in bands, wider anteriorly, roughly in 4‒5 rows, narrower posteriorly. Vomerine teeth blunt, forming a long patch, in about 4 transverse rows.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2BD359D5D9A042FEDB80CE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Coloration. When fresh, body light grayish with dorsum darkly brown and abdomen silvery white; posterior fifth of body gradually darker; vertical fins whitish, forming white margin on posterior fifth of the fish. Preserved specimen paler.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53C774E10A2BD359D5D9A0B6FDED8546" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2BD359D5D9A0B6FEED83AE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">
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<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D5D9A0B6FEA680A2" bold="true" box="[199,315,434,459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Remarks.</emphasis>
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||
The vertebral formula and most proportions fit the original description. However, a number of differences are present in Taiwanese specimens. The
|
||
<quantity id="DC258A8F0A2BD359D7F5A0D3FCD58087" box="[747,840,471,495]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4299999999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="343.0">343 mm</quantity>
|
||
specimen has slightly larger values of preanal length (37.9 vs. 34.3‒35.7% TL in
|
||
<typeStatus id="C46699C80A2BD359D4C1A0FFFD92837A" box="[479,527,507,531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series) and trunk (22.6 vs. 19.7‒19.9% TL), smaller eye (14.7 vs. 15.7‒17.8% HL) and 137 total vertebrae (vs. 139‒140). The
|
||
<quantity id="DC258A8F0A2BD359D7B0A31BFC97835F" box="[686,778,543,567]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.91" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="291.0">291 mm</quantity>
|
||
specimen has a larger eye (20.6 vs. 15.7‒17.8% HL). Both Taiwanese specimens have smaller gill openings (10.5‒11.8 vs. 14.3‒14.7% HL) and shorter pectoral fin (23.9‒24.2 vs. 28.6‒29.4% HL). There are only 9 POM pores in
|
||
<quantity id="DC258A8F0A2BD359D670A363FC568317" box="[878,971,615,639]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.91" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="291.0">291 mm</quantity>
|
||
specimen. We are not able to judge these differences, as not many specimens are available at present. More specimens are needed to address the variation of the present species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2BD359D5D9A3D7FCB2828F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D462A3D7FD178382" authority="Kaup, 1859" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1859" box="[380,650,722,747]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D462A3D7FE628382" box="[380,511,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Gnathophis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4C5A9B0A2BD359D718A3D7FD178382" box="[518,650,722,747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" refId="ref2591" refString="Kaup, J. J. (1859) Neue aalaehnliche Fische des Hamburger Museums. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften Herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen verein in Hamburg, 4 (2), 1 - 29, suppl. 1 - 4, pls. 1 - 5." type="journal article">Kaup, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are currently known from the northwestern Pacific:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D1C3A3D7FED58266" authority="(Bleeker, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D1C3A3D7FA018382" box="[1245,1436,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. heterognathus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4C5A9B0A2BD359D580A3F2FEA28266" box="[158,319,758,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" refId="ref2411" refString="Bleeker, P. (1858) Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo- Neerlandicae, 5 (9), 1 - 12, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article">Bleeker, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D446A3F3FD0C8266" authority="(Asano, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Asano" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[344,657,758,783]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginanago">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D446A3F3FE7E8267" box="[344,483,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. ginanago</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4C5A9B0A2BD359D4EAA3F3FD158266" box="[500,648,758,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" refId="ref2336" refString="Asano, H. (1958) Studies on the conger eels of Japan. II. Description of two new fishes referable to the genera Rhynchocymba and Promyllantor. Zoological Magazine Tokyo, 67 (7), 197 - 201." type="journal article">Asano, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D780A3F3FBC58266" authority="(Matsubara & Ochiai, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Matsubara & Ochiai" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[670,1112,758,783]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenica">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D780A3F3FC958267" box="[670,776,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. xenica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4C5A9B0A2BD359D607A3F2FBD28266" box="[793,1103,758,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" refId="ref2642" refString="Matsubara, K. & Ochiai, A. (1951) On the conger eels related to Arisoma [sic] nystromi (Jordan et Snyder) found in the waters of Japan and China. Memoirs of the College of Agriculture Kyoto University, 59, 1 - 18." type="journal article">Matsubara & Ochiai, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D186A3F3FA998267" authorityName="Karmovskaya" authorityYear="2004" box="[1176,1284,759,782]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D186A3F3FA998267" box="[1176,1284,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. asanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D09AA3F3FEAB825A" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D09AA3F3FEAB825A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. heterognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the widest distribution, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63CA67FA0A2BD359D7C4A21FFC87825B" box="[730,794,795,818]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63CA67FA0A2BD359D662A21EFC67825A" box="[892,1018,794,819]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4C5A9B0A2BD359D10EA21EFA9D825A" box="[1040,1280,794,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" refId="ref2539" refString="Karmovskaya, E. S. (2004) Benthopelagic bathyal conger eels of families Congridae and Nettastomatidae from the western tropical Pacific, with descriptions of ten new species. Journal of Ichthyology, 44 (Supplement 1), 1 - 32. [S 1 - S 32]" type="journal article">Karmovskaya, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D007A21FFE9C823F" baseAuthorityName="Asano" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginanago">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D007A21FFE9C823F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Gnathophis ginanago</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D428A23BFE00823F" baseAuthorityName="Matsubara & Ochiai" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[310,413,831,854]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenica">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D428A23BFE00823F" box="[310,413,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. xenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63CA67FA0A2BD359D7E4A23BFCA0823F" box="[762,829,831,854]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D668A23BFC42823F" authorityName="Karmovskaya" authorityYear="2004" box="[886,991,831,854]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D668A23BFC42823F" box="[886,991,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. asanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now known from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63CA67FA0A2BD359D1F1A23AFAF0823E" box="[1263,1389,830,855]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63CA67FA0A2BD359D589A266FF708212" box="[151,237,866,891]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D5E7A267FDBE8212" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[249,547,867,891]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D5E7A267FDBE8212" box="[249,547,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Gnathophis heterognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from the others by the presence of elevated lateral-line pores (i.e., opening from the top of the canal rather than the bottom) over the pectoral fin; in the others, the pores open from the bottom of the canal. The remaining species are distinguished by their vertebral counts:
|
||
<quantity id="DC258A8F0A2BD359D1E7A2AEFAE682AA" box="[1273,1403,938,963]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3019999999999996" metricValueMax="3.4036" metricValueMin="3.2004" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" unit="in" value="130.0" valueMax="134.0" valueMin="126.0">126‒134 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D09AA2AFFE9C828F" baseAuthorityName="Asano" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginanago">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D09AA2AFFE9C828F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. ginanago</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="DC258A8F0A2BD359D410A2CBFE13828E" box="[270,398,974,999]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5305999999999997" metricValueMax="3.5814" metricValueMin="3.4798" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" unit="in" value="139.0" valueMax="141.0" valueMin="137.0">137‒141 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D48AA2CBFE63828F" authorityName="Karmovskaya" authorityYear="2004" box="[404,510,975,998]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D48AA2CBFE63828F" box="[404,510,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. asanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity id="DC258A8F0A2BD359D725A2CAFD27828E" box="[571,698,974,999]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9116" metricValueMax="3.9878" metricValueMin="3.8354" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" unit="in" value="154.0" valueMax="157.0" valueMin="151.0">151‒157 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDD5CE90A2BD359D7DFA2CBFCB5828F" baseAuthorityName="Matsubara & Ochiai" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[705,808,975,998]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenica">
|
||
<emphasis id="29A9FB780A2BD359D7DFA2CBFCB5828F" box="[705,808,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">G. xenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B62276A0A2BD359D5D9A2F7FDED8546" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ABB52D370A2BD359D5D9A2F7FDED8546" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914265068" country="Taiwan" location="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Our specimens represent the only known specimens other than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C46699C80A2BD359D6A0A2F7FC738562" box="[958,1006,1011,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series and extend the known range of the species northward to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63CA67FA0A2BD359D708A512FDF18546" box="[534,620,1046,1071]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |