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<document id="543061B2D2AC1FE6214000EC5BC52A4D" ID-CLB-Dataset="8472" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4853.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9fc01d1c-8a2e-489e-aaa0-ec638b5cac93" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411080" ID-ZooBank="ADA1ACB9-7F99-40D0-B6B8-DBF420967808" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609605532636" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cranston, Peter S." docDate="2020" docId="7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4853.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4853 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman 1961" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="539" masterDocId="8F60B25CE913FFBAF15BE54D3B48FFBA" masterDocTitle="Life histories of Paucispinigera Freeman, Paraborniella Freeman and Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with phylogenetic considerations" masterLastPageNumber="547" masterPageNumber="527" pageNumber="535" updateTime="1698851323626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="43DC1E0D56FD3B0A8F42386116CDD5DD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="0C2E146FBFE1841BBEE30CF1B2FC67CD">Life histories of Paucispinigera Freeman, Paraborniella Freeman and Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with phylogenetic considerations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C43ED3F204F742DA860DE305C8CF64AB">Cranston, Peter S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5FDD9D18F950D44F37AB3F78B3CDFBCF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4114F836F9F86E887F0F6B046E63E7C9">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6A1F1298BCB3EE9168DA2904DE3F315A">2020-09-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="165EFB8D9766F6F117C68A9231BD3769">4853</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AE0F0BAAA4E0E2180BC7D20E9934FDA8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4853.4.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="301CB8A7AECBCF6AB107AEFC4BD2FAAC" type="GBIF-Dataset">9fc01d1c-8a2e-489e-aaa0-ec638b5cac93</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4501524" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177209982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4501524" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91BFFB2F1CCE4073968FEDF" box="[151,544,330,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F1CCE4073968FEDF" blockId="8.[151,544,330,393]" box="[151,544,330,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<heading id="A007CC5EE91BFFB2F1CCE4073968FEDF" bold="true" box="[151,544,330,357]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91BFFB2F1CCE4073968FEDF" ID-CoL="4CMVD" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,544,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F1CCE4073968FEDF" bold="true" box="[151,544,330,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F1CCE4073AE0FEDF" bold="true" box="[151,424,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Paraborniella tonnoiri</emphasis>
Freeman
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91BFFB2F1CCE4223A43FE33" box="[151,267,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="description">
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F1CCE4223A43FE33" blockId="8.[151,544,330,393]" box="[151,267,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
(
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F1C4E4223A4BFE33" box="[159,259,367,393]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,890,914]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox-0="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1429,187,861]" captionTargetBox-2="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,181,1256]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,867]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetId-3="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1257]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, female. A. Antenna; B. Abdomen, dorsal; C. somewhat stylised ventral genitalia." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, larva. A. Antenna (b. ‘pouch’ on segment 1, c. with flagellum); B. Labrum, epipharynx, mandible; C. Mentum and ventromental plate; D. Head, anterior body; E. Habitus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411092" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411096" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4411092/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4411096/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Figs 4–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91BFFB2F1CCE4FE3864FE71" box="[151,812,435,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F1CCE4FE3864FE71" blockId="8.[151,812,435,459]" box="[151,812,435,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DBE05C1CE91BFFB2F1CCE4FE3864FE71" box="[151,812,435,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<treatmentCitation id="7A515D23E91BFFB2F1CCE4FE3905FE71" author="Freeman, P." box="[151,589,435,459]" page="717" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" year="1961">
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91BFFB2F1CCE4FE3905FE71" ID-CoL="4CMVD" authority="Freeman 1961: 717" authorityName="Freeman" authorityPageNumber="717" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,589,435,459]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F1CCE4FE3A37FE71" box="[151,383,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Paraborniella tonnoiri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91BFFB2F0DEE4F93905FE71" author="Freeman, P." box="[389,589,435,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref12666" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9610611" type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman 1961: 717</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91BFFB2F30CE4FE39A6FE71" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[599,750,435,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" refId="ref11980" refString="Cranston, P. S. (1996) Identification Guide to the Chironomidae of New South Wales. AWT Identification Guide No. 1. Australian Water Technologies Pty Ltd., West Ryde, New South Wales, 376 pp." type="book" year="1996">Cranston 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91BFFB2F3A2E4FE3864FE71" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[761,812,435,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" refId="ref12023" refString="Cranston, P. S. (2000) Electronic guide to the Chironomidae of Australia. Available from: http: // apes. skullisland. info / sites / default / files / webfiles / members / pete / start. pdf (accessed 1 August 2020)" type="url" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91BFFB2F1CCE4B43807FC8E" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F1CCE4B43F55FDC5" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F1CCE4B43A35FDA9" bold="true" box="[151,381,505,531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Material examined</emphasis>
(collected Cranston, deposited ANIC unless stated).
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91BFFB2F2BEE4B43F04FD82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749326" collectingDate="1969-01-24" country="Australia" latitude="-29.1" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="151.76666" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectingCountry id="83E73BA2E91BFFB2F2BEE4B43FC0FDA9" box="[997,1160,505,531]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E91BFFB2F5CDE4B73E20FDA9" box="[1174,1384,505,532]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: 2L,
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F1CCE7503BFEFD8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867:FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F1CCE7503BFEFD8D" box="[151,182,541,567]" country="Australia" latitude="-29.1" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="151.76666" name="Pe" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" stateProvince="New South Wales">Pe</location>
/
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91BFFB2F1E4E7503B9AFD8D" box="[191,210,541,567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91BFFB2F185E7533BBBFD82" box="[222,243,542,568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91BFFB2F05BE7503AEFFD82" box="[256,423,541,568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Beardy Waters</collectorName>
, 6 ml n.e.
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91BFFB2F341E75039DEFD82" box="[538,662,541,568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Glen Innes</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F3F9E75039B4FD8D" box="[674,764,541,567]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="-29.1">29º06’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F259E7503825FD82" box="[770,877,541,568]" degrees="151" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="151.76666">151º46’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91BFFB2F222E75038ABFD8D" box="[889,995,541,567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1969-01-24">
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91BFFB2F222E75038ABFD8D" box="[889,995,541,567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1969-01-24">24.i.1969</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F2A8E7533F09FD8D" box="[1011,1089,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91BFFB2F2A8E7533F09FD8D" box="[1011,1089,542,567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Martin</collectorName>
</emphasis>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91BFFB2F503E750381FFDE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749301" collectingDate="1988-09-02" collectorName="Pe &amp; Nerriga" country="Australia" latitude="-35.1" location="Le" longLatPrecision="1195" longitude="150.11667" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
from egg mass; 2L,
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F46CE7503E1EFD8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867:FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F46CE7503E1EFD8D" box="[1335,1366,541,567]" country="Australia" latitude="-35.1" longLatPrecision="1195" longitude="150.11667" name="Le" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Le</location>
/
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91BFFB2F404E7503E35FD8D" box="[1375,1405,541,567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Pe</collectorName>
/
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91BFFB2F4DEE7503ED0FD8D" box="[1413,1432,541,567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91BFFB2F1CCE70C3B98FDE1" box="[151,208,577,603]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
n.e.
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91BFFB2F05CE70C3A17FDE1" box="[263,351,577,603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Nerriga</collectorName>
, roadside drain,
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<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F322E70C39ABFDE6" box="[633,739,577,604]" degrees="150" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="150.11667">150º07’E</geoCoordinate>
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91BFFB2F3B2E70C381FFDE1" box="[745,855,577,603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1988-09-02">
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91BFFB2F3B2E70C381FFDE1" box="[745,855,577,603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1988-09-02">2.ix.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91BFFB2F239E70C3A32FDC5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749309" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
2L(3i), Morton N.P.,
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91BFFB2F50BE70C3FE0FDE1" box="[1104,1192,577,604]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" unit="km" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 km</quantity>
. s. Sassafras,
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F418E70C3ED4FDE6" box="[1347,1436,577,604]" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="-35.133335">35º08’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F1CCE7283A4AFD3A" box="[151,258,613,640]" degrees="150" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="150.26666">150º16’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91BFFB2F055E7283A3DFDC5" box="[270,373,613,639]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1988-02-01">1.ii.1988</date>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91BFFB2F0DAE7283F52FDC5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749321" box="[385,1050,613,640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91BFFB2F0DAE7283AEDFDC5" box="[385,421,613,639]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
, Oallen, ‘Neverdie’,
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F3C9E728385CFD3A" box="[658,788,613,640]" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-35.127777">35º07’40”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F240E72838E7FD3A" box="[795,943,613,640]" degrees="150" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="15" seconds="44" value="150.01222">150º00’44”E</geoCoordinate>
,.
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91BFFB2F2E5E7283F52FDC5" box="[958,1050,613,639]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="2016-09">ix.2016</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE7C43E3DFD19" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" box="[199,1397,649,676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91BFFB2F19CE7C43E3DFD19" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749315" box="[199,1397,649,676]" collectingDate="1969-02-27" collectorName="R. E. Jones" county="Le" determinerName="D. H. D. Edward." latitude="-22.533333" location="Pildappa Rocks" longLatPrecision="1259" longitude="134.35" municipality="Pe" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E91BFFB2F19CE7C43A31FD19" box="[199,377,649,675]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">South Australia</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="122E03BEE91BFFB2F0D8E7C43AEAFD19" box="[387,418,649,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Le</collectingCounty>
/
<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91BFFB2F0F0E7C43A81FD19" box="[427,457,649,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Pe</collectingMunicipality>
/
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91BFFB2F089E7C43AADFD19" box="[466,485,649,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F0ABE7C439EAFD19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867:FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F0ABE7C439EAFD19" box="[496,674,649,675]" county="Le" latitude="-22.533333" longLatPrecision="1259" longitude="134.35" municipality="Pe" name="Pildappa Rocks" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" stateProvince="South Australia">Pildappa Rocks</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F3F6E7C4384FFD19" box="[685,775,649,675]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="-22.533333">22º32’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F256E7C43830FD19" box="[781,888,649,675]" degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="134.35">134º21’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91BFFB2F2DFE7C438BEFD19" box="[900,1014,649,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1969-02-27">
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91BFFB2F2DFE7C438BEFD19" box="[900,1014,649,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1969-02-27">27.ii.1969</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F55DE7C73F35FD19" box="[1030,1149,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91BFFB2F55DE7C73F35FD19" box="[1030,1149,650,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">R.E. Jones</collectorName>
</emphasis>
) det.
<determinerName id="0E9397F6E91BFFB2F5E5E7C73E3DFD19" box="[1214,1397,649,676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">D.H.D. Edward.</determinerName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE7E3389DFD51" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91BFFB2F19CE7E33E47FD7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749316" box="[199,1295,685,712]" collectingDate="1990-08-24" collectorName="L, Mt. Lesueur" determinerName="D. H. D. Edward" location="Mt. Lesueur" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E91BFFB2F19CE7E33ADAFD7D" box="[199,402,685,712]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, 5
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91BFFB2F0F1E7E0391CFD72" box="[426,596,685,712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
L,
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F091E7E3391CFD72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867:FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F091E7E3391CFD72" box="[458,596,686,712]" name="Mt. Lesueur" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" stateProvince="Western Australia">Mt. Lesueur</location>
</collectorName>
, site 10,
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91BFFB2F3E3E7E03877FD7D" box="[696,831,685,711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1990-08-24">
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91BFFB2F3E3E7E03877FD7D" box="[696,831,685,711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1990-08-24">24.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F214E7E038EFFD7D" box="[847,935,685,711]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Edward</emphasis>
), ‘VML1’, det.
<determinerName id="0E9397F6E91BFFB2F507E7E33E47FD7D" box="[1116,1295,685,712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">D.H.D. Edward</determinerName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91BFFB2F441E7E0389DFD51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749303" collectingDate="1985-08-19" determinerName="D. H. D. Edward." latitude="-31.7" location="Yorkrakine Rock" longLatPrecision="1214" longitude="117.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
4L,
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F41DE7E03A44FD51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867:FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F41DE7E03A44FD51" latitude="-31.7" longLatPrecision="1214" longitude="117.5" name="Yorkrakine Rock" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" stateProvince="Western Australia">Yorkrakine Rock</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F043E79C3A39FD51" box="[280,369,721,747]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="-31.7">31º42’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F023E79C3AABFD51" box="[376,483,721,747]" degrees="117" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="117.5">117º30’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91BFFB2F0B5E79C393DFD56" box="[494,629,721,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1985-08-19">
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91BFFB2F0B5E79C393DFD56" box="[494,629,721,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1985-08-19">19.viii.1985</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F3DDE79C3996FD51" box="[646,734,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Edward</emphasis>
) det.
<determinerName id="0E9397F6E91BFFB2F245E79F389DFD51" box="[798,981,721,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">D.H.D. Edward.</determinerName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE7B83807FC8E" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91BFFB2F19CE7B83E23FCAA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749317" box="[199,1387,757,784]" collectingDate="1995-03-08" county="Pe" latitude="-22.583334" location="Serpentine Gorge" longLatPrecision="1259" longitude="132.51666" municipality="West MacDonnell Ranges" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern Territory">
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E91BFFB2F19CE7B83AD1FCB5" box="[199,409,757,783]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
: 2
<collectingCounty id="122E03BEE91BFFB2F0EBE7B83A87FCB5" box="[432,463,757,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Pe</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91BFFB2F083E7BB39B4FCAA" box="[472,764,757,784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">West MacDonnell Ranges</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F25DE7B83881FCB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867:FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F25DE7B83881FCB5" box="[774,969,757,783]" county="Pe" latitude="-22.583334" longLatPrecision="1259" longitude="132.51666" municipality="West MacDonnell Ranges" name="Serpentine Gorge" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" stateProvince="Northern Territory">Serpentine Gorge</location>
(inner),
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F573E7B83FCAFCAA" box="[1064,1154,757,784]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="-22.583334">22º35’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F5DCE7B83FBAFCB5" box="[1159,1266,757,783]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="132.51666">132º31’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91BFFB2F5A6E7B83E23FCAA" box="[1277,1387,757,784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1995-03-08">
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91BFFB2F5A6E7B83E23FCAA" box="[1277,1387,757,784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1995-03-08">8.iii.1995</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91BFFB2F42DE7B83803FC8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749304" collectingDate="1992-06-05" county="Kata Tjuta" latitude="-25.333334" location="Winds" longLatPrecision="1247" longitude="130.71666" municipality="Valley" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern Territory">
6L,
<collectingCounty id="122E03BEE91BFFB2F1CCE6573A59FC89" box="[151,273,793,820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Kata Tjuta</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91BFFB2F040E6543A2BFC89" box="[283,355,793,819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Valley</collectingMunicipality>
of the
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F0EAE6543AB4FC89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91BFFB6F1CCE4073F70F867:FE2F2DE9E91BFFB2F0EAE6543AB4FC89" box="[433,508,793,819]" county="Kata Tjuta" latitude="-25.333334" longLatPrecision="1247" longitude="130.71666" municipality="Valley" name="Winds" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" stateProvince="Northern Territory">Winds</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F35CE6543929FC8E" box="[519,609,793,820]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="-25.333334">25º20’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91BFFB2F33CE654399BFC89" box="[615,723,793,819]" degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" precision="925" value="130.71666">130º43’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91BFFB2F385E6543803FC8E" box="[734,843,793,820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1992-06-05">
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91BFFB2F385E6543803FC8E" box="[734,843,793,820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" value="1992-06-05">5.vi.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91BFFB6F19CE6703AD1FB1B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" type="description">
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE67038FEFCC1" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F19CE67039A7FCED" bold="true" box="[199,751,829,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Description (genus and species). Adult Male (</emphasis>
n=5–8). Body length
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91BFFB2F2BEE6703F38FCE2" box="[997,1136,829,856]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.4 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91BFFB2F456E6703ED1FCE2" box="[1293,1433,829,856]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.1 mm</quantity>
. Wing hyaline, plain. Alcohol-preserved and slide-mounted dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE6CB3E1AFC25" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" box="[199,1362,901,934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
Antenna. With 13 flagellomeres; Fl
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F308E6D53939FC1C" attach="left" box="[595,625,920,934]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">1-12</subScript>
350–450, Fl
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F3A4E6D53847FC1C" attach="left" box="[767,783,920,934]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">13</subScript>
650–820; A.R.1.6–2.0. Apex squared off (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F5B7E6C83E0DFC25" box="[1260,1349,901,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE6E43F37FBB1" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Head. Eye bare, with dorsomedial parallel-sided extension 5–6 ommatidia long, separated medially by width of 10 ommatidia. Temporals 9–14; clypeals 12–13. Frontal tubercles absent. Palp 5-segmented, segment 2 globular, segments 3 and 5 subequal in length, 4th shorter (210–340 μm); segment 3 lacks sensilla.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE1583A33FB21" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Thorax. Antepronotal lobes tapering dorsally, slightly divided medially at notch, without lateral antepronotal setae. Scutum curved in profile without tubercle, not overreaching antepronotum. Without humeral pit. Ac 12–16, uni-biserial starting from front, ending mid-thorax; Dc 8–15 uniserial, each arising from small pale spot; Pa 3–5; Scts 8–13, uniserial.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE1E83FDFFAB2" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
Wing (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F04FE1E83A26FB05" box="[276,366,1189,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Membrane without setae or microtrichia. Anal lobe moderately developed.
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E91BFFB2F590E1E83E43FB05" box="[1227,1291,1189,1215]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Costa</collectingRegion>
ends at apex of R
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F193E1913BAAFB50" attach="left" box="[200,226,1244,1258]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">4+5</subScript>
both terminating just prior to wing tip. R
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F3F0E191398CFB50" attach="left" box="[683,708,1244,1258]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">2+3</subScript>
distinct and ending 1/3 distance apex of R
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F5C5E1913FEEFB50" attach="left" box="[1182,1190,1244,1258]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">1</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F5B0E1913E42FB50" attach="left" box="[1259,1290,1244,1258]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">4+5’</subScript>
FCu distal to RM, VR 1.1–1.2. Brachiolum with 2 setae. R, R
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F3E9E04D39F2FAB4" attach="left" box="[690,698,1280,1294]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">1</subScript>
, setose, R
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F275E04D3800FAB4" attach="left" box="[814,840,1280,1294]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">4+5</subScript>
bare. Squama with 5–6 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE05F3FDFFA2D" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
Leg. Apex of fore leg tibia with rounded scale, without spur (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F230E05C388BFA91" box="[875,963,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Mid and hind Ti apically with two slightly separated combs, combined occupying about 50% circumference, shorter comb with curved spur (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F450E0783E2DFAF5" box="[1291,1381,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
), the wider comb lacking spur. Leg ratios: LR
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F30DE0213916FAC0" attach="left" box="[598,606,1388,1402]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">1</subScript>
1.42–1.60, BV
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F25CE0213847FAC0" attach="left" box="[775,783,1388,1402]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">1</subScript>
1.58–1.85, SV
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F2EDE02138F6FAC0" attach="left" box="[950,958,1388,1402]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">1</subScript>
1.46–1.56; LR
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F53EE0213F25FAC0" attach="left" box="[1125,1133,1388,1402]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">2</subScript>
0.56–0.57, BV
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F44CE0213E57FAC0" attach="left" box="[1303,1311,1388,1402]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">2</subScript>
2.56–2.67, SV
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F1E0E0DD3B8BFA24" attach="left" box="[187,195,1424,1438]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">2</subScript>
3.48–3.69; LR
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F036E0DD3A3DFA24" attach="left" box="[365,373,1424,1438]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">3</subScript>
0.79–0.82, BV
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F37AE0DD3961FA24" attach="left" box="[545,553,1424,1438]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">3</subScript>
1.9–2.0, SV
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F3EDE0DD39F6FA24" attach="left" box="[694,702,1424,1438]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">3</subScript>
2.5–2.6. Pulvilli absent, empodium weak.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE0EC38EEFA06" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" box="[199,934,1441,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Abdomen. Tergites I–VII with dense irregularly-distributed setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE0883EDAF945" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
Hypopygium (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F037E0883AF9FA65" box="[364,433,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E–I). Anal tergite with neither bands nor setae, microtrichia extending onto base of anal point, with many setae baso-laterally along submargin of tergite IX. Anal point relatively short, bare apically, near parallel–sided with rounded apex (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F340E3403939F99D" box="[539,625,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Superior volsella (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F208E34038E3F99D" box="[851,939,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
) 70–80 long, swollen almost bi-lobed, basal dorsal area with 2–3 longer curved setae towards outer margin, arising from paler ovoid-rectangular microtrichiose area, becoming darker and curved medially to taper to weak point or hook. Median volsella (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F5E6E3183E44F9D5" box="[1213,1292,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
) 65–70 long with distinct stem (15 long), distally with 2–3 longer and several shorter taeniate setae. Inferior volsella free from gonocoxite from its base, elongate with dorsal longitudinal ridge bearing numerous long simple setae mostly directed antero-medially, without long setae in macrotrichiose lateral and part dorsal surface, extending to mid-gonostylus, without distinct apical seta. Transverse sternapodeme dark, squared-arched; phallapodeme weak (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F470E3A83ECEF945" box="[1323,1414,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from Freeman 1961); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE24439B5F89E" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" box="[199,765,1801,1828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91BFFB2F19CE2443A22F899" bold="true" box="[199,362,1801,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Adult Female</emphasis>
(n=1) (unknown to
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91BFFB2F310E24739BCF89E" author="Freeman, P." box="[587,756,1801,1828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" pagination="333 - 437" refId="ref12628" refString="Freeman, P. (1959) A study of the New Zealand Chironomidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 7, 333 - 437." type="journal article" year="1959">Freeman, 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE2633828F8F2" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" box="[199,864,1837,1864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
As male except: Body length
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91BFFB2F348E2603923F8F2" box="[531,619,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91BFFB2F258E2603814F8F2" box="[771,860,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="535" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE21C3A9CF82A" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
Head. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91BFFB2F024E21C3A92F8D6" box="[383,474,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,890,914]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,187,861]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,867]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, female. A. Antenna; B. Abdomen, dorsal; C. somewhat stylised ventral genitalia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411092/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
): 5-segmented, lengths: 105; 65; 70; 80; 165; A.R. 0.5. Temporals 9–10, clypeals 18. Palp 2–5: 50, 150, 165, 215.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE2D43FD4F809" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" box="[199,1180,1945,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">Thorax. Ac uniserial, c. 10, Dc 12 uniserial, including 2 isolated humerals, 3 Pa; 8 Scts.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91BFFB2F19CE2F03860F86D" blockId="8.[151,1437,505,2014]" box="[199,808,1981,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">
Wing. VR 1.3. Setation: R 17, R
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F369E29D3972F864" attach="left" box="[562,570,2000,2014]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">1</subScript>
22, R
<subScript id="67747977E91BFFB2F326E29D39DFF864" attach="left" box="[637,663,2000,2014]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="535">4+5</subScript>
33; sq 9–10.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AF8F2BBAE91AFFB3F1CCE2DA392DF842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411090/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="536" startId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[171,1419,182,1915]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91AFFB3F1CCE2DA392DF842" blockId="9.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="536">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91AFFB3F1CCE2DA3A5BF815" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="536">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91AFFB3F041E2D5392BF815" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[282,611,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91AFFB3F041E2D5394AF815" box="[282,514,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="536">Paraborniella tonnoiri</emphasis>
Freeman
</taxonomicName>
, male. A. Wing; B. Antennal apex; C. Foretibial apex; D. Hind tibial inner comb; E. Male hypopygium (from
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91AFFB3F0E6E2F1391CF869" author="Freeman, P." box="[445,596,1979,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="536" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref12666" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9610611" type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman 1961</bibRefCitation>
); F. Left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H. Superior volsella (dorsal); I. Median volsella.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AF8F2BBAE919FFB0F1CCE6373BF0FC0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411092/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="537" startId="10.[151,250,890,914]" targetBox="[159,1429,187,861]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E919FFB0F1CCE6373BF0FC0D" blockId="10.[151,1436,890,951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">
<emphasis id="C984A720E919FFB0F1CCE6373A5CFC29" bold="true" box="[151,276,890,915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E919FFB0F047E6363920FC28" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[284,616,891,915]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
<emphasis id="C984A720E919FFB0F047E636394EFC28" box="[284,518,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Paraborniella tonnoiri</emphasis>
Freeman
</taxonomicName>
, female. A. Antenna; B. Abdomen, dorsal; C. somewhat stylised ventral genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E919FFB0F19CE6A83F74FB99" blockId="10.[151,1437,997,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">
Legs. P
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F040E6BA3A6BFBBF" attach="left" box="[283,291,1015,1029]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">1</subScript>
: 255, 185, 195, 110, 95, 60, 40; LR
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F3EFE6BA39F4FBBF" attach="left" box="[692,700,1015,1029]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">1</subScript>
1.05, BV
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F272E6BA3879FBBF" attach="left" box="[809,817,1015,1029]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">1</subScript>
2.28, SV
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F2C3E6BA38E8FBBF" attach="left" box="[920,928,1015,1029]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">1</subScript>
2.08; P
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F2A8E6BA38B3FBBF" attach="left" box="[1011,1019,1015,1029]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">2</subScript>
: 250, 235, 130, 65, 60, 35; LR
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F40EE6BA3E15FBBF" attach="left" box="[1365,1373,1015,1029]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">2</subScript>
0.55, BV
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F1E5E1563B8EFB93" attach="left" box="[190,198,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">2</subScript>
3.7, SV
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F044E1563A6FFB93" attach="left" box="[287,295,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">2</subScript>
2.56; P
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F020E1563ACBFB93" attach="left" box="[379,387,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">3</subScript>
: 1129, 1120, 760, 480, 400; 160; LR
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F27AE1563861FB93" attach="left" box="[801,809,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">3</subScript>
0.67, BV
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F2CDE15638D6FB93" attach="left" box="[918,926,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">3</subScript>
3.0, SV
<subScript id="67747977E919FFB0F2ACE15638B7FB93" attach="left" box="[1015,1023,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">3</subScript>
2.94.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E919FFB0F19CE1603EDDFB35" blockId="10.[151,1437,997,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">
Genitalia (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E919FFB0F01BE1603AF6FBFD" box="[320,446,1069,1096]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,890,914]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,187,861]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,867]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, female. A. Antenna; B. Abdomen, dorsal; C. somewhat stylised ventral genitalia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411092/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Fig. 5B, C</figureCitation>
). Notum robust 225 long, with strong rami making 300 total. Dark, strong gonocoxapodeme curved 'under' (dorsal to) gonapophysis VIII and fused medially via weakly sclerotised section. Coxosternapodeme IX strongly sclerotized, anteriorly curved to traverse notum. Labia well developed, with hyaline scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E919FFB0F19CE1D43AE5FAF9" blockId="10.[151,1437,997,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Seminal vesicles ovoid, large, 175 long, maximum width 100, with tapering dark brown neck before curved (maybe forming one loop) spermathecal ducts ending separately. Gonocoxite IX protruding, with 4–5 long setae. Cerci 125 long by 50 wide. Gonapophysis VIII with large microtrichiose dorsomesal lobe, continuous with inner contour of vagina; ventrolateral lobe either lacking or perhaps represented by few short scales. Postgenital plate elongate, densely setose.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E919FFB0F19CE0003FA8FA31" blockId="10.[151,1437,997,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">
<emphasis id="C984A720E919FFB0F19CE0003A45FADD" bold="true" box="[199,269,1357,1383]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Pupa.</emphasis>
Medium-sized, c. 4.0–5.0 mm long. Cephalic area and thorax pale gold with brown tinged margins to appendages, abdomen pale hyaline with little indication of darker apophyses, comb and anal lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E919FFB0F19CE0D83F9CF985" blockId="10.[151,1437,997,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">
Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome weakly wrinkled, without frontal warts; frontal setae (c. 50 μm) located on conical cephalic tubercles (50–60 μm), apex blunt or pointed sclerotised ‘nipple’ (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E919FFB0F573E0F43FCAFA6E" box="[1064,1154,1465,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Thoracic horn comprising 6 stout smooth hyaline branches, longest 600 μm; basal ring oval and with well-developed tracheal ‘bundle’. Median suture smooth anteriorly, tuberculose medially. Prealar tubercle absent. Antepronotal and thoracic setae uncertain; 2 precorneals, others including dorsocentrals not determinable in specimens available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E919FFB0F19CE3043FA5F8E5" blockId="10.[151,1437,997,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E919FFB0F01FE3043ACEF9DE" box="[324,390,1609,1636]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B–D). Tergite I bare, II–V each with broad anterior band of slightly stronger spinules merging posteriorly in more-or-less subquadrate pattern; TVI spinulation stronger anteriorly, weaker posteriorly, TVII with only anterior fine spinulation, TVIII and anal lobe bare (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E919FFB0F246E3DC383FF916" box="[797,887,1681,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Tergite II hook row discontinuous, comprising 17–20 hooks each side, c. 40% width of segment II, narrowly but clearly separated medially. Broad transverse spinule bands on conjunctive IV is scarcely separated from more anterior spinule area. Pleurae of III and IV with few scattered spinules. Sternites bare except for SIV with fine laterally-directed spinules of &lt;4 μm (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E919FFB0F59FE3B03E54F8A2" box="[1220,1308,1789,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Vortex on IV larger and more anteriorly located than usual. Pedes spurii B developed, on segment II only. Posterolateral corner of segment VIII (‘comb’) with 8-11 brown sharp teeth, none dominant (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E919FFB0F2E1E2083F5CF8DA" box="[954,1044,1861,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Apophyses weak.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E919FFB0F18BE2243960F871" blockId="10.[151,1437,997,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="537">Segment I with 2D, 3V and without L setae; II with 3D, 3V and 3 L; III with 4D, 3V and 3L; IV–VII with 5D, 3–5 V and 4 taeniate LS, VIII with 1D, 1V and 4 taeniate LS. O setae very fine, present on TII–VII, uncertain ventrally, but present on sternite IV.</paragraph>
<caption id="AF8F2BBAE918FFB1F1CCE2DA3E66F86E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="538" startId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E918FFB1F1CCE2DA3E66F86E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="C984A720E918FFB1F1CCE2DA3A5AF815" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="538">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E918FFB1F043E2D53928F815" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[280,608,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
<emphasis id="C984A720E918FFB1F043E2D53948F815" box="[280,512,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="538">Paraborniella tonnoiri</emphasis>
Freeman
</taxonomicName>
, pupa. A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE5DA3F93FF6F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Anal lobe elongate semicircular with fringe of 30–40 taeniae, uniserial anteriorly, unevenly biserial posteriorly, with dorsal seta. Genital sac of male extends beyond anal lobes; of female unknown or male-like.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE59238DEFEFB" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F19CE5923A58FF43" bold="true" box="[199,272,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Larva</emphasis>
(4th instar) (n=10). Body (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F319E59239DFFF43" box="[578,663,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, larva. A. Antenna (b. ‘pouch’ on segment 1, c. with flagellum); B. Labrum, epipharynx, mandible; C. Mentum and ventromental plate; D. Head, anterior body; E. Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411096/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
) bright red in life, up to
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91FFFB6F2F6E59238B4FF43" box="[941,1020,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long. Ventral head length c. 500 μm. Head capsule pale yellow with golden-brown dorsomental, apical mandibular and premandibular teeth. Genae and submentum pale to slightly darkened; occipital margin narrow, dark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE4063B92FE17" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
Dorsal head (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F005E4063AE5FEDC" box="[350,429,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Fig 6E</figureCitation>
) with frontoclypeus narrowed anterior prior to subterminal flare to lateral points, without frontal pit. Cephalic S3 (clypeal) setae close to anterior margin, S2 seta on broad granulose area, S1 outside of labrum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE4FA3925FDDB" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
Antenna (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F06EE4FA3ACFFE6B" box="[309,391,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F0C9E4FA3AFEFE6B" box="[402,438,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, larva. A. Antenna (b. ‘pouch’ on segment 1, c. with flagellum); B. Labrum, epipharynx, mandible; C. Mentum and ventromental plate; D. Head, anterior body; E. Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411096/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">7A</figureCitation>
) 6-segmented, with segments 2, 3, 4 subequal, each longer than shorter 5th and short 6th; 62–75; 15–17; 15–20; 14–20; 8–12; 5–7; A.R. 0.95–1.25; Lauterborn organs well developed (12–15 long), sessile, alternate on apices of 2nd and 3rd segments. Ring organ in basal 1/4 of segment 1, lying distal to extended weaklysclerotised, elongate-ovoid region (‘pouch’?), seta absent. Blade extends to mid-4th segment, much shorter than antennal flagellum, accessory blade short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE7263811FCAF" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
Labrum (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F06BE7263AC7FD3F" box="[304,399,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Figs 6G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F0C7E7263A8AFD3F" box="[412,450,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, larva. A. Antenna (b. ‘pouch’ on segment 1, c. with flagellum); B. Labrum, epipharynx, mandible; C. Mentum and ventromental plate; D. Head, anterior body; E. Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411096/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">7D</figureCitation>
). Labral SI on separated bases, broadly plumose; SII serrate apically, widely separated at origin. SIII simple, short; SIV moderately developed. With 7–8 plumose chaetae. Seta premandibularis simple. Lamellae finely-toothed, broad, undivided plate. Pecten epipharyngis comprising three separate lobes each with 5–7 rounded teeth, variably sized in some specimens. With 7–8 apically plumose chaetulae laterales, 2 apically branched chaetulae basales. Premandible with 2 teeth, with strong brush.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE6523F14FC1F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
Mandible (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F019E6523AD3FC83" box="[322,411,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F0FCE6523A81FC83" box="[423,457,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, larva. A. Antenna (b. ‘pouch’ on segment 1, c. with flagellum); B. Labrum, epipharynx, mandible; C. Mentum and ventromental plate; D. Head, anterior body; E. Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411096/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">7B</figureCitation>
) with short pale dorsal tooth, darker larger apical tooth and 2 modest inner teeth; distal mola darkened not tooth-like. Pecten mandibularis weak, but extending to margin of mandible. Seta subdentalis squat, retracted on mola arising from ventral surface, parallel-sided to rounded apex, ending level with 2nd inner mandibular tooth. Mola and inner margin smooth. Seta interna quite densely plumose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE6E23FCCFB8F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
Mentum (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F06DE6E23ACBFC73" box="[310,387,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[241,1280,222,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[222,1300,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, pupa.A. Cephalic area; B. Abdomen, tergites; C. Sternite IV; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Anterior dorsal head; F. Antenna; G. Labrum; H. Mandible; I. Mentum and ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411094/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F0CBE6E23AFAFC73" box="[400,434,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, larva. A. Antenna (b. ‘pouch’ on segment 1, c. with flagellum); B. Labrum, epipharynx, mandible; C. Mentum and ventromental plate; D. Head, anterior body; E. Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411096/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">7C</figureCitation>
) with delimited ventromentum of 8, uneven-sized, teeth; dorsomentum on each side with 4 teeth rather darker than ventromentum, each diminishing slightly in size laterad. Ventromental plates fan-shaped, widely separated medially, about 2 times as wide as high, subequal in width to mentum, curved and moderately striate. Striae dense, narrow, almost straight, arrayed across the plate. Setae submenti simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE1723AD1FB1B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
Body (
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91FFFB6F048E1723ADBFBE3" box="[275,403,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraborniella tonnoiri Freeman, larva. A. Antenna (b. ‘pouch’ on segment 1, c. with flagellum); B. Labrum, epipharynx, mandible; C. Mentum and ventromental plate; D. Head, anterior body; E. Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411096/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Figs 7D, E</figureCitation>
). Without lateral or ventral tubules. Anterior parapod claws dense, fine, simple, pale; posterior parapods claws pale, simple. Procercus weakly pigmented, small, as high as wide, bearing 7–8 anal setae. Anal tubules short, rounded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91FFFB6F19CE1E73F70F867" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE1E739BEFAC3" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F19CE1E73A04FB7E" bold="true" box="[199,332,1194,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Discussion.</emphasis>
The adult male of
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F375E1E63985FB7F" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[558,717,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F375E1E63985FB7F" box="[558,717,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paraborniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by Freeman as having genitalia very similar to
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F1CCE1823A64FB53" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,300,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F1CCE1823A64FB53" box="[151,300,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paratendipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the Holarctic key to males of subfamily
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F245E1823FF5FB53" authority="(Cranston et al. 1989)" baseAuthorityName="Cranston" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[798,1213,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">
Chironominae (
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91FFFB6F295E1823FFDFB53" author="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Dillon, M. &amp; Pinder, L. C. V. &amp; Reiss, F. R." box="[974,1205,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" pagination="353 - 502" refId="ref12312" refString="Cranston, P. S., Dillon, M., Pinder, L. C. V. &amp; Reiss, F. R. (1989) Keys and diagnoses of the adult males of the subfamily Chironominae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 34, 353 - 502." type="journal article" year="1989">
Cranston
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F567E1823F26FB53" box="[1084,1134,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">et al</emphasis>
. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F59FE1823E2BFB53" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[1220,1379,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F59FE1823E2BFB53" box="[1220,1379,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paraborniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 13 flagellomeres and foretibae lacking scale and spur would group with
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F2F7E1BE3F05FAB7" box="[940,1101,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Microtendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F2F7E1BE3F05FAB7" box="[940,1101,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Microtendipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with fringed squama, whereas the bare squama would arrive at
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F35DE05A3939FA8B" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1945" box="[518,625,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Apedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F35DE05A3939FA8B" box="[518,625,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Apedilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F3F3E05A38C2FA8B" authorityName="Lenz. This" authorityYear="1941" box="[680,906,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paralauterborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F3F3E05A38C2FA8B" box="[680,906,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paralauterborniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However the key errs in that the
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F45CE05A3A44FAEF" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albimanus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F45CE05A3A44FAEF" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paratendipes albimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group has squamal setae.
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F368E076399CFAEF" box="[563,724,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Microtendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F368E076399CFAEF" box="[563,724,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Microtendipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is denied by
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F231E0763F41FAEF" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[874,1033,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F231E0763F41FAEF" box="[874,1033,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paraborniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacking the diagnostic apicomedian patch of posteriorly-directed setae on the fore-femora.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE0CE3825F9CF" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
As recognised by
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91FFFB6F0D5E0CE3965FA27" author="Saether, O A" box="[398,557,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref13319" refString="Saether, O A. (1977) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies, keys. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 197, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1977">Saether (1977)</bibRefCitation>
the female adult of
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F251E0CE38E1FA27" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[778,937,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F251E0CE38E1FA27" box="[778,937,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paraborniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would key with
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F539E0CE3FA6FA26" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[1122,1262,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parvitergum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F539E0CE3FA6FA26" box="[1122,1262,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Parvitergum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F478E0CE3BF4FA7A" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F478E0CE3BF4FA7A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paratendipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based solely on non-genitalic features. Using the Holarctic key to pupae,
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F554E0EA3FE6FA7B" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[1039,1198,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F554E0EA3FE6FA7B" box="[1039,1198,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paraborniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would head towards
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F1CCE0863A70FA5F" box="[151,312,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Microtendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F1CCE0863A70FA5F" box="[151,312,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Microtendipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F035E0863918FA5F" authorityName="Lenz. This" authorityYear="1941" box="[366,592,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paralauterborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F035E0863918FA5F" box="[366,592,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paralauterborniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the latter has 4L on II–IV, and a ‘nose’ on the wing. Other genera in the ‘Microtendipes’ group are eliminated by permutations of the number and distribution of taeniate LS setae, the presence of frontal setae and developed pedes spurii B. The somewhat similar
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F2B6E35E3F90F997" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1921" box="[1005,1240,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Kribiodorum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F2B6E35E3F37F997" box="[1005,1151,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Kribiodorum</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F5B0E35E3EDBF997" box="[1259,1427,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
=
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F5A1E35E3EDBF997" authorityName="Reiss" authorityYear="1982" box="[1274,1427,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stelechomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stelechomyia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) also differs in the distribution of LS setae. The key did not purport to be phylogenetic, lacks many austral genera and as such, multivariate diagnostic features are ineffective here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE332396CF95B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
Concerning the larva,
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F09AE3323928F923" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[449,608,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F09AE3323928F923" box="[449,608,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paraborniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
keys in
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91FFFB6F3E4E3323827F923" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[703,879,1663,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" refId="ref11980" refString="Cranston, P. S. (1996) Identification Guide to the Chironomidae of New South Wales. AWT Identification Guide No. 1. Australian Water Technologies Pty Ltd., West Ryde, New South Wales, 376 pp." type="book" year="1996">Cranston (1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91FFFB6F220E33238FDF923" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[891,949,1663,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" refId="ref12023" refString="Cranston, P. S. (2000) Electronic guide to the Chironomidae of Australia. Available from: http: // apes. skullisland. info / sites / default / files / webfiles / members / pete / start. pdf (accessed 1 August 2020)" type="url" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
) with cluster of genera with alternate Lauterborn organs, and in the regional key of
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91FFFB6F333E3EE3865F904" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[616,813,1699,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" pagination="71 - 102" refId="ref12260" refString="Cranston, P. S. (2019 b) Identification guide to genera of aquatic larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia and New Zealand. Zootaxa, 4706 (1), 71 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4646.3. 3" type="journal article" year="2019">Cranston (2019b)</bibRefCitation>
it is separated from
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F54FE3EE3FEEF907" box="[1044,1190,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paraskusella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91FFFB6F5EEE3EE3E16F907" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[1205,1374,1699,1725]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" pagination="268 - 281" refId="ref12157" refString="Cranston, P. S. (2018) Paraskusella Cranston, a new Afro-Australian genus in the tribe Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae). Austral Entomology, 50, 268 - 281. [VoR. 15 October 2018] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12366" type="journal article" year="2018">Cranston 2018</bibRefCitation>
) by a different median mentum structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91FFFB6F19CE3A63F70F867" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">
Molecular data suggested that
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F344E3A639F6F8BF" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[543,702,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F344E3A639F6F8BF" box="[543,702,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paraborniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was proximate (but without support) to
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F5DEE3A63E78F8BE" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1959" box="[1157,1328,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F5DEE3A63E78F8BE" box="[1157,1328,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paucispinigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the sister taxon to
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F1A0E2423AD4F893" box="[251,412,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Microtendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F1A0E2423AD4F893" box="[251,412,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Microtendipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
amongst the genera sampled (
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91FFFB6F3A8E24238D6F893" author="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Hardy, N. B. &amp; Morse, G. E." box="[755,926,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" pagination="172 - 188" refId="ref12369" refString="Cranston, P. S., Hardy, N. B. &amp; Morse, G. E. (2011) [2012] A dated molecular phylogeny for the Chironomidae (Diptera). Systematic Entomology, 37, 172 - 188. [VoR 20 October 2011] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2011.00603. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Cranston 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Other putatively related genera sampled for molecular data, namely
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F0F1E27E3930F8F7" authority="Townes" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1945" box="[426,632,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Apedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F0F1E27E395DF8F7" box="[426,533,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Apedilum</emphasis>
Townes
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F3EDE27E38C1F8F7" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1920" box="[694,905,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavreliella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F3EDE27E3878F8F7" box="[694,816,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Zavreliella</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F2F0E27E3E14F8F7" authority="Thienemann &amp; Bause" authorityName="Thienemann &amp; Bause" box="[939,1372,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lauterborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F2F0E27E3F14F8F7" box="[939,1116,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Lauterborniella</emphasis>
Thienemann &amp; Bause
</taxonomicName>
form a well-supported cluster as sister to
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F36BE21A39B0F8CB" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" box="[560,760,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F36BE21A39C5F8CB" box="[560,653,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Skusella</emphasis>
Freeman
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F243E21A3F0EF8CB" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[792,1094,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Conochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F243E21A3890F8CB" box="[792,984,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Conochironomus</emphasis>
Freeman
</taxonomicName>
, in turn sister to
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F45CE21A3BAFF82F" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F45CE21A3ED4F8CB" box="[1287,1436,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paratendipes</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F05DE2363967F82F" authority="Lenz. This" authorityName="Lenz. This" authorityYear="1941" box="[262,559,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paralauterborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F05DE2363AA0F82F" box="[262,488,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">Paralauterborniella</emphasis>
Lenz.
</taxonomicName>
This inclusive clade, informally termed the ‘
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91FFFB6F57EE2363F84F82F" box="[1061,1228,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Microtendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microtendipes</taxonomicName>
group’, finds subsequent support including from an expanded molecular analysis by
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91FFFB6F2D3E2D23F00F803" author="Han, W. &amp; Lin, X. &amp; Wei, J. &amp; Tang, H." box="[904,1096,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" pagination="31" refId="ref12810" refString="Han, W., Lin, X., Wei, J. &amp; Tang, H. (2020) The Afro-Oriental genus Yaeprimus Sasa et Suzuki (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironomini): phylogeny, new species and expanded diagnoses. Diversity, 12 (31). [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 12010031" type="journal article" year="2020">
Han
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F2E6E2D238A5F803" box="[957,1005,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
, although it was not recovered in the large and densely sampled morphological analysis of
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91FFFB6F26FE28E3F7BF867" author="Andersen, T. &amp; Mendes, H. F. &amp; Pinho, L. C." box="[820,1075,1987,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="539" pagination="26 - 54" refId="ref11807" refString="Andersen, T., Mendes, H. F. &amp; Pinho, L. C. (2017) Two new Neotropical Chironominae genera (Diptera: Chironomidae). CHI- RONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research, 30, 26 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.5324 / cjcr. v 0 i 30.2029" type="journal article" year="2017">
Andersen
<emphasis id="C984A720E91FFFB6F2FDE28E3890F867" box="[934,984,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="539">et al</emphasis>
. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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