182 lines
18 KiB
XML
182 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="81DFACE08A91434231A02A167C811D04">Two new species of Xenos (Strepsiptera: Xenidae), parasites of social wasps of the genus Mischocyttarus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the New World</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8F1FC6C380A4E22A64D5065B574006D">Benda, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6FEC12B47FA4AE97B88F30365D2E1954">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic & Corresponding author: e-mail: benda. daniel @ email. cz</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="184519787E22A14F4FA254F8D215A10A">Pohl, Hans</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1413DA12CB2F015693458837A1FD3CA0">Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7B9D4F6F19031D2A1DA13D6C97E13AEF">Beutel, Rolf</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FA023FE95B460D5E835A6D3B7F28542F">Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9E6DB231685619A3AFF4591B492F6A45">Straka, Jakub</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E1D5FB4EE54B037E6F5EC72A60C6E661">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2D5917629E6CBD97D5D34A21372A50F1">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CE8495C2248F80393F7B2A7AF2C6C3DC">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="772C7F925708718DA855C64EDF952907">2022-10-08</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C36B54EF7B0BFF97050898CCC8003D15" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE07647B0BFF97050898CCCF323ED9" blockId="8.[870,1394,221,244]" box="[870,1394,221,244]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
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<heading id="D086B0087B0BFF97050898CCCF323ED9" box="[870,1394,221,244]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF97050898CCCE4F3ED9" ID-CoL="5TQM" ID-ENA="91390" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[870,1039,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF97050898CCCE4F3ED9" bold="true" box="[870,1039,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Mischocyttarus</emphasis>
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(male puparium cephalotheca)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0E57EC7B0BFF9706F799F2CB883C6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7300482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300482/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" startId="8.[153,184,483,502]" targetBox="[163,747,195,458]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BCE07647B0BFF9706F799F2CB883C6B" blockId="8.[153,763,483,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
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||
Fig. 5. Schematic drawing of cephalothorax of all known
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9704ED99F2C8BA3FDB" box="[643,762,483,502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9704ED99F2C8F73FDB" box="[643,695,483,502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Xenos</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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parasitizing wasps of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9707C399ECC8FA3C3D" authority="Saussure, 1853" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[429,698,509,528]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9707C399ECC8713C3D" box="[429,561,509,528]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Mischocyttarus</emphasis>
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Saussure, 1853
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</taxonomicName>
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. A –
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF97048999ECCB213C06" authority="Benda & Straka" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF97048999ECCA973C06" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">X. bicolor</emphasis>
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Benda & Straka
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236660D7B0BFF97070B9A09CBE93C06" box="[357,425,536,555]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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; B –
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9707BF9A09C8F03C06" authority="Benda & Straka" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[465,688,536,555]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9707BF9A09C8663C06" box="[465,550,536,555]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">X. pallens</emphasis>
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Benda & Straka
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236660D7B0BFF9704DA9A09C8B73C06" box="[692,759,536,555]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, C –
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9706D39A22CB843C6B" authority="(Brethes, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[189,452,563,582]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9706D39A22CB783C6B" box="[189,312,563,582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">X. americanus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE07A957B0BFF97072D9A22CBFE3C6B" author="BRETHES J." box="[323,446,563,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref9061" refString="BRETHES J. 1923: Primera contribucion para el conocimiento de los " Strepsiptera " argentinos. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia de La Plata 15: 41 - 56." type="journal article" year="1923">Brèthes, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCE07647B0BFF9706F99AB0C8003D15" blockId="8.[151,760,673,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">than long, subtriangular, distinctly widening posteriorly, with corners rounded and spiracles not reaching the lateral border. Colouration light reddish-brown. Mouth opening distinctly sclerotized at margin. Mandibles sub-quadrate, with a small sharp tooth at inner corner.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36B54EF7B0BFF9706F99B50C87F3DB5" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCE07647B0BFF9706F99B50C8F73D55" blockId="8.[151,760,673,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9706F99B50CA943D75" bold="true" box="[151,212,833,856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Host.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9706B79B50C8DF3D75" authority="(Fabricius, 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[217,671,833,856]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicans">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9706B79B50CBA23D75" box="[217,482,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Mischocyttarus flavicans</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1804)
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9704A49B50CBB63D55" authority="Brethes, 1923" authorityName="Brethes" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Clypeopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duckei">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9704A49B50CB1A3D55" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Clypeopolybia duckei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE07A957B0BFF97070F9B70CBB63D55" author="BRETHES J." box="[353,502,865,888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref9061" refString="BRETHES J. 1923: Primera contribucion para el conocimiento de los " Strepsiptera " argentinos. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia de La Plata 15: 41 - 56." type="journal article" year="1923">Brèthes, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (BඋජඍHൾඌ 1923).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE07647B0BFF9706F99B90C87F3DB5" blockId="8.[151,760,673,1336]" box="[151,575,897,920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9706F99B90CB883DB5" bold="true" box="[151,456,897,920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B54EF7B0BFF9706F99BB0CB2F3DF5" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BCE07647B0BFF9706F99BB0CB2F3DF5" blockId="8.[151,760,673,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9706F99BB0CB6A3D95" bold="true" box="[151,298,929,952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F36647F47B0BFF97075C9BB0CBC33D95" box="[306,387,929,952]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, precise locality not mentioned in original description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36B54EF7B0BFF9706F99BF0C8B03B55" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCE07647B0BFF9706F99BF0C86D3B15" blockId="8.[151,760,673,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9706F99BF0CB5D3DD5" bold="true" box="[151,285,993,1016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Comments.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9707C99BF0C8683DD5" authorityName="Brethes" authorityYear="1923" box="[423,552,993,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Clypoxenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9707C99BF0C8683DD5" box="[423,552,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Clypoxenos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described by BඋජඍHൾඌ (1923). He followed Pierce’s concept that each genus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF97076D9C30CB1E3A15" box="[259,350,1057,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenidae</taxonomicName>
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is specialized to one host genus of wasps (Pංൾඋർൾ 1908, 1909, 1911). BඈHൺඋඍ (1941) treated
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9706F99C70CB533A55" authorityName="Brethes" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,275,1121,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Clypoxenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9706F99C70CB533A55" box="[151,275,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Clypoxenos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a presumptive junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9704D99C70C8B83A55" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1793" box="[695,760,1121,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9704D99C70C8B83A55" box="[695,760,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Xenos</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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but remained somewhat ambivalent of this interpretation (CඈඈK 2019). In contrast KංඇඓൾඅൻൺർH (1971) clearly confirmed the synonymy. The phylogenetic placement of xenids parasitizing
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF97070D9CF0C8473AD5" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[355,519,1249,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF97070D9CF0C8473AD5" box="[355,519,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Mischocyttarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a subordinate group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF9706DD9D10CAB43B35" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1793" box="[179,244,1281,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9706DD9D10CAB43B35" box="[179,244,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Xenos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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supports previous hypothesis that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF97040D9D10C89F3B35" authorityName="Brethes" authorityYear="1923" box="[611,735,1281,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Clypoxenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF97040D9D10C89F3B35" box="[611,735,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Clypoxenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a valid genus (Bൾඇൽൺ et al. 2021).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE07647B0BFF9706F09D70C8B03B55" blockId="8.[158,752,1377,1400]" box="[158,752,1377,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF9706F09D70C8B03B55" bold="true" box="[158,752,1377,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C717CE77B0BFF97069E9D70CBCA3B55" box="[240,394,1377,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905DB767B0BFF97069E9D70CB743B55" bold="true" box="[240,308,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Xenos</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
parasitizing wasps of the genus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |