treatments-xml/data/03/B8/C4/03B8C408591BD812FF268231983FF7F6.xml

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<mods:title id="73D6475C082E3A6E0070DC214C43BD17">A new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from Colombia and Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="790C2EAEF5BE2900BCAB5CDDF4E09849">Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FDE8634FB91D1EA40A172A41BE5634DA">Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N ° 26 - 85, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. &amp; oajaram @ unal. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7123 - 124 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EB5EE6A3FC0D3AF40CA3D41338A7D0CE">Ávila, Fabio Andrés</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6958C787DCD5C23954CF4C2B355DF1F">Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N ° 26 - 85, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. &amp; Herbario Tropical, Carrera 19 N ° 39 - 31, Bogotá D. C., Colombia. &amp; faaavilaca @ unal. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8225 - 2548</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03B8C408591BD812FF268231983FF7F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5755916" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185417666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5755916" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8C408591BD812FF268231983FF7F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8C408591BD812FF268231983FF7F6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<paragraph id="8BAE751E591BD817FF2682319A77F6D1" blockId="1.[136,804,892,920]" box="[136,804,892,920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D591BD817FF2682319B11F6DF" ID-CoL="8H54F" authority="Jara &amp; F. Avila" authorityName="Jara &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,578,892,920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FF26823198DDF6D1" bold="true" box="[136,398,892,919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Erythroxylum setosum</emphasis>
Jara &amp; F. Ávila
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, 
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</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132A699B591BD817FD1F82319BADF6D1" box="[689,766,892,918]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[153,1411,399,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-127@2.[151,1436,389,1879]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Illustration of Erythroxylum setosum. A. Branch. B. Stipule and setae. C. Flower with removed petals, D. Petal adaxially. E. Gynoecium. Based on L. Forero 216A (MO), by A. Jara." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5755790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5755790/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A699B591BD817FCA282319A48F6D1" box="[780,795,892,918]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,190,1458]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[340,1247,190,1458]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Erythroxylum setosum sp. nov. (red circles) and Erythroxylum acuminatum (dark blue triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5755792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5755792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">2</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BAE751E591BD817FF2682859B24F145" blockId="1.[136,1452,968,1134]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FF26828599E9F69A" bold="true" box="[136,186,968,989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Type</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FF6F8285998AF69A" bold="true" box="[193,217,968,989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B797F43591BD817FF7782859B20F145" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341007304" collectingDate="1976-05-21" collectionCode="L, A, MO" collectorName="el Limon" country="Colombia" elevation="365" location="Municipio de Riosucio" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F306358E591BD817FF778285980FF69A" box="[217,348,968,989]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
. Chocó: 
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, Parque Natural Nacional Los Katíos, Peye, alto 
<collectorName id="26E410C8591BD817FBCC82859DE8F699" box="[1122,1211,968,990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">el Limón</collectorName>
, 
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<elevation id="003C922D591BD817FB6B82859C50F69A" box="[1221,1283,968,990]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="365.0">365 m</elevation>
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, 
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, 
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<collectionCode id="ED00EDDB591BD817FA3682859CFBF69A" box="[1432,1448,968,989]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
. Forero 216 
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</emphasis>
(
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! [MO-1060425])
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE751E591BD817FF26855D9889F129" blockId="1.[136,1452,968,1134]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D591BD817FF26855D980DF162" authorityName="Jara &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,350,1040,1061]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FF26855D980DF162" box="[136,350,1040,1061]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Erythroxylum setosum</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from 
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<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FDCB855D9A35F162" box="[613,870,1040,1061]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Erythroxylum acuminatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by longer (6.8–14.6 vs. 
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) and caducous stipules (vs. persistent), longer stipular setae (4.2–4.4 vs. ca. 
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long), longer calyx (3–3.2 vs. 
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), and also by the underdeveloped anterior ligulae of the stipule.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE751E591BD817FF2685D19D11F25C" blockId="1.[136,1452,1180,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FF2685D19998F1F1" box="[136,203,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Shrub</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FF7C85D19815F1F0" box="[210,326,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 m</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FEFF85D198E8F1F1" box="[337,443,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Branches</emphasis>
erect-patent to patent, bark brown without lenticels on the tips, and with gray lenticels on old branches. 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FE8B858D982DF19D" box="[293,382,1216,1242]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Stipules</emphasis>
early caducous, lanceolate (3.1–) 6.8–14.6 × 
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, firmly membranous, densely striate, brown, with 2 apical setae caducous, separating from the adaxial surface of the stipule ca. 1/3 from the base; this free portion of the setae 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FECC844598BBF064" box="[354,488,1288,1315]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="4.3" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="4.2">4.2–4.4 mm</quantity>
long, projected to 
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from the stipule apex; apex obtuse with the medial setae thinner and shorter than the laterals, 
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long, margin entire. 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FC3B84619D5DF001" box="[917,1038,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Cataphylls</emphasis>
similar to stipules. 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FB4584609C6AF001" box="[1259,1337,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Leaves</emphasis>
persistent along the branches; petioles slightly canaliculated, 3.2–3.9 × 
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; blade elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic, or rarely lanceolate-ovate, (5.5–) 6.8–10.2 × (8.5–) 
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, firmly membranous, base cuneate, rarely rounded, apex acuminate, acumen 
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long, margin plane to undulate, abaxially pale brown when dry, adaxially dark brown to greenish; midvein prominent on both faces; secondary veins impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially, reticulations inconspicuous on both sides. 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FE7B84AD9B62F0BD" box="[469,561,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Flowers</emphasis>
axillary to cataphylls, on the base of short branches, fascicules of 2-3 flowers; bracteoles 1–1.4 × 
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long, 1-keeled, striate, scarious, apex acute with terminal setae of ca. 
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long, margin entire. Short-styled flowers not seen. Long-styled flowers: calyx 3–3.2 × 
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, ca. ½ divided, lobes 5, valvate, triangular, apex acute, coriaceous, not striate, with margin and apex usually lighter; petals 5, oblong-ovate, concave, membranous, 2–3.3 × 
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, ligulae 
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long, anterior auricles 2, not well-formed, not folded, 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FF2687D9985CF3E8" box="[136,271,1684,1711]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.3 mm</quantity>
long, posteriors auricles 2, 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FDEC87D99B9AF3E8" box="[578,713,1684,1711]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
long, apex crenate, central appendix 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FBC687D99C58F3E8" box="[1128,1291,1684,1711]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.25 mm</quantity>
long; stamens 10, basally connate forming an urceolate staminal crown, 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FC8087F59AEAF394" box="[814,953,1720,1747]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.8 mm</quantity>
long, margin dentate, filaments alternately unequal, anti-petals 5, 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FE2287919B46F3B0" box="[396,533,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="2.3499999999999996" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.4 mm</quantity>
long, anti-sepals 5, 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FD5387919AD5F3B0" box="[765,902,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.3 mm</quantity>
long; ovary globose; styles 3, free, 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FA8D87919CFFF3B0" box="[1315,1452,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.1 mm</quantity>
long; stigma capitate, ca. 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FE08864D98AFF25C" box="[422,508,1792,1819]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FDED864C9BD8F25D" box="[579,651,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Drupe</emphasis>
ovoid, ca. 10 × 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FCEE864D9AD7F25C" box="[832,900,1792,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; endocarp terete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE751E591BD817FF1386699C5CF2C1" blockId="1.[136,1452,1180,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FF1386699B0FF279" bold="true" box="[189,604,1828,1854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Additional specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B797F43591BD817FDF286699D14F279" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341007305" box="[604,1095,1828,1854]" collectorName="Serrania" country="Colombia" location="Choco" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Embera-Wounaan">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FDF286699A51F279" bold="true" box="[604,770,1828,1854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<collectingCountry id="F306358E591BD817FDF286699BAEF279" box="[604,765,1828,1854]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49D5BBFC591BD817FCA786699A05F279" box="[777,854,1828,1854]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Chocó</collectingRegion>
. Unguía: 
<collectorName id="26E410C8591BD817FC6F86699D4DF279" box="[961,1054,1828,1854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Serranía</collectorName>
del
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B797F43591BD817FBE086699CFBF279" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341007302" box="[1102,1448,1828,1855]" collectingDate="2017-04-07" collectionCode="F" country="Colombia" elevation="700" location="Darien" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Darien">
<collectingRegion id="49D5BBFC591BD817FBE086699DCEF279" box="[1102,1181,1828,1854]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Darién</collectingRegion>
, 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FB0686699DA3F278" box="[1192,1264,1828,1855]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="003C922D591BD817FB0686699DA3F278" box="[1192,1264,1828,1855]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFAF53DE591BD817FB5286689CDFF279" box="[1276,1420,1828,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2017-04-07">
<collectingDate id="EFEBAA36591BD817FB5286689CDFF279" box="[1276,1420,1828,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2017-04-07">7 April 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED00EDDB591BD817FA3986689CFBF279" box="[1431,1448,1829,1854]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FA3986689CFBF279" box="[1431,1448,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">F</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FA0686689CFFF279" box="[1448,1452,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B797F43591BD817FF2686049894F225" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341007308" box="[136,455,1864,1892]" collectionCode="COL" country="Colombia" location="Avila" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Embera-Wounaan">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FF2686049851F225" box="[136,258,1864,1892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<location id="8ECE23C5591BD817FF2686049990F223" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8C408591BD812FF268231983FF7F6:8ECE23C5591BD817FF2686049990F223" box="[136,195,1865,1892]" country="Colombia" name="Avila" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Embera-Wounaan">Ávila</location>
3638
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D5BBFC591BD817FEBF8605982BF225" box="[273,376,1864,1890]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">CHOCO</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED00EDDB591BD817FE2C860598ECF225" box="[386,447,1864,1890]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="Herbarium">COL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B797F43591BD817FE7D86049D7FF225" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341007306" box="[467,1068,1864,1891]" collectingDate="1983-04-23" collectionCode="E" country="Colombia" elevation="340" location="Sabana Culebra" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Guajira">
<collectingRegion id="49D5BBFC591BD817FE7D86049B1CF225" box="[467,591,1864,1891]" country="Colombia" name="La Guajira" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">La Guajira</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="8ECE23C5591BD817FDF486059A5DF225" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8C408591BD812FF268231983FF7F6:8ECE23C5591BD817FDF486059A5DF225" box="[602,782,1864,1890]" country="Colombia" name="Sabana Culebra" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="La Guajira">Sabana Culebra</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FCB686059A32F224" box="[792,865,1864,1891]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="340.0">
<elevation id="003C922D591BD817FCB686059A32F224" box="[792,865,1864,1891]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="340.0">340 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFAF53DE591BD817FCC386059D5FF225" box="[877,1036,1864,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="1983-04-23">
<collectingDate id="EFEBAA36591BD817FCC386059D5FF225" box="[877,1036,1864,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="1983-04-23">23 April 1983</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED00EDDB591BD817FBB986049D7FF225" box="[1047,1068,1865,1890]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FBB986049D7FF225" box="[1047,1068,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">E</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FB8586049D7CF225" box="[1067,1071,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B797F43591BD817FB9886059C4CF225" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341007301" box="[1078,1311,1864,1890]" collectionCode="COL" country="Colombia" location="Carbono" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FB9886059D99F225" box="[1078,1226,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<location id="8ECE23C5591BD817FB9886059DC9F225" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8C408591BD812FF268231983FF7F6:8ECE23C5591BD817FB9886059DC9F225" box="[1078,1178,1864,1890]" country="Colombia" name="Carbono" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Carbono</location>
380
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED00EDDB591BD817FB7786059C44F225" box="[1241,1303,1864,1890]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="Herbarium">COL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B797F43591BD817FA8486049D1EF2C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341007303" collectingDate="1967-10-01" collectionCode="J" country="Panama" location="Rio Tuira" municipality="Interamerican" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Darien">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FA8486049CF7F223" bold="true" box="[1322,1444,1865,1892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<collectingCountry id="F306358E591BD817FA8486049CF7F223" box="[1322,1444,1865,1892]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">PANAMÁ</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49D5BBFC591BD817FF268621998AF2C1" box="[136,217,1900,1926]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Darién</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCAEF64591BD817FF4D8621982DF2C1" box="[227,382,1900,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Interamerican</collectingMunicipality>
“highway” ca. 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB591BD817FD8386219B27F2C1" box="[557,628,1900,1926]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mi" value="1.0">1 mile</quantity>
southeast of 
<location id="8ECE23C5591BD817FCA686219A25F2C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8C408591BD812FF268231983FF7F6:8ECE23C5591BD817FCA686219A25F2C1" box="[776,886,1900,1926]" country="Panama" municipality="Interamerican" name="Rio Tuira" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Darien">Río Tuira</location>
, 
<date id="FFAF53DE591BD817FC2F86219D61F2C1" box="[897,1074,1900,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="1967-10-01">
<collectingDate id="EFEBAA36591BD817FC2F86219D61F2C1" box="[897,1074,1900,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="1967-10-01">1 October 1967</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED00EDDB591BD817FB9386209D1EF2C1" box="[1085,1101,1901,1926]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FB9386209D1EF2C1" box="[1085,1101,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">J</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FBE386209D02F2C1" box="[1101,1105,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B797F43591BD817FBF986219C58F2C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341007307" box="[1111,1291,1900,1926]" collectionCode="F" country="Panama" location="Duke" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FBF986219D8CF2C1" box="[1111,1247,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<location id="8ECE23C5591BD817FBF986219DC1F2C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8C408591BD812FF268231983FF7F6:8ECE23C5591BD817FBF986219DC1F2C1" box="[1111,1170,1900,1926]" country="Panama" name="Duke" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Duke</location>
14556
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED00EDDB591BD817FB4186219C51F2C1" box="[1263,1282,1900,1926]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B2695591BD812FF1386DD983FF7F6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAE751E591BD817FF1386DD9B51F288" blockId="1.[136,1452,1180,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FF1386DD9837F2ED" bold="true" box="[189,356,1936,1962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the long setae in the stipules, an important character to separate this species from closely related ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE751E591BD814FF1386959843F42B" blockId="1.[136,1452,1180,2071]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,364]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FF1386959B54F2B5" bold="true" box="[189,519,2008,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Habitat and distribution:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D591BD817FDA886959A53F2B5" authorityName="Jara &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2021" box="[518,768,2008,2034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591BD817FDA886959A53F2B5" box="[518,768,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Erythroxylum setosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a disjunct distribution, with records from the Darién Gap region (
<collectingCountry id="F306358E591BD817FF4E86B19803FD51" box="[224,336,2044,2070]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F306358E591BD817FE2486B098B6FD50" box="[394,485,2045,2071]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Panama</collectingCountry>
) and the northern side of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in the department of 
<collectingRegion id="49D5BBFC591BD814FA2086B0998FF5FF" country="Colombia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="295" name="La Guajira" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">La Guajira</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F306358E5918D814FF4381D39832F5FE" box="[237,353,158,185]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Colombia</collectingCountry>
), separated by nearly 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB5918D814FDF281D39BE0F5FF" box="[604,691,158,184]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" unit="km" value="600.0">600 km</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="132A699B5918D814FD6A81D39A58F5FF" box="[708,779,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,190,1458]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[340,1247,190,1458]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Erythroxylum setosum sp. nov. (red circles) and Erythroxylum acuminatum (dark blue triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5755792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5755792/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The species has been collected on hillsides of the Darién region, with annual precipitation between 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB5918D814FDC0818F9B9EF59A" box="[622,717,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="730.0">730 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB5918D814FCA7818F9A2BF59A" box="[777,888,194,221]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.318" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="3318.0">3318 mm</quantity>
, representing areas with less precipitation within the Colombian Chocó region (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8008EF5918D814FE7281AB9BE7F447" author="Poveda, I. C. &amp; Rojas, C. &amp; Rudas, A. &amp; Rangel, O." box="[476,692,230,257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref4008" refString="Poveda, I. C., Rojas, C., Rudas, A. &amp; Rangel, O. (2004) El Choco biogeografico: Ambiente Fisico. In: Rangel, O. (Ed.) Colombia diversidad biotica IV El Choco biogeografico, Costa Pacifica. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota D. C., pp. 1 - 21." type="book chapter" year="2004">
Poveda 
<emphasis id="B965A90C5918D814FD9681AA9B39F447" box="[568,618,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
), at an elevation range between 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB5918D814FBB381AB9D36F446" box="[1053,1125,230,257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" unit="m" value="365.0">365 m</quantity>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D17BE975918D814FB3281AB9DB9F446" box="[1180,1258,230,257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB5918D814FB3281AB9DB5F446" box="[1180,1254,230,257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Both regions are similar in terms of humidity and elevation, being covered by moist forest, but these are separated by the fragmented patches of the Sinu Valley dry forest of the Colombian Caribbean region, and Guajira-Barranquilla xeric shrub (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8008EF5918D814FAC980639850F42B" author="Olson, D. M. &amp; Dinerstein, E. &amp; Wikramanayake, E. D. &amp; Burgess, N. D. &amp; Powell, G. V. N. &amp; Underwood, E. C. &amp; D'Amico, J. A. &amp; Itoua, I. &amp; Strand, H. E. &amp; Morrison, J. C. &amp; Loucks, C. J. &amp; Allnutt, T. F. &amp; Ricketts, T. H. &amp; Kura, Y. &amp; Lamoreux, J. F. &amp; Wettengel, W. W. &amp; Hedao, P. &amp; Kassem, K. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="295" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref3805" refString="Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51: 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / 0006 - 3568 (2001) 051 [0933: TEOTWA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">
Olson 
<emphasis id="B965A90C5918D814FF26801E9993F42B" box="[136,192,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6E25965918D814FF2686229BF4F2EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5755790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5755790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5755790/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" startId="2.[136,229,1903,1925]" targetBox="[153,1411,399,1864]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BAE751E5918D814FF2686229BF4F2EE" blockId="2.[136,1452,1903,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="B965A90C5918D814FF26862299ADF2C3" bold="true" box="[136,254,1903,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Illustration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D5918D814FE2086229B37F2C2" authorityName="Jara &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2021" box="[398,612,1903,1925]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C5918D814FE2086229B37F2C2" box="[398,612,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Erythroxylum setosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Branch. B. Stipule and setae. C. Flower with removed petals, D. Petal adaxially. E. Gynoecium. Based on 
<emphasis id="B965A90C5918D814FECD86D998A4F2EF" box="[355,503,1939,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">L. Forero 216A</emphasis>
(MO), by A. Jara.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6E25965919D815FF2684879C30F0A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5755792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5755792" box="[136,1379,1482,1504]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5755792/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" startId="3.[136,229,1482,1504]" targetBox="[340,1247,190,1458]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BAE751E5919D815FF2684879C30F0A7" blockId="3.[136,1379,1482,1504]" box="[136,1379,1482,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B965A90C5919D815FF26848799ADF098" bold="true" box="[136,254,1482,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Distribution map of 
<emphasis id="B965A90C5919D815FE6984879BBEF0A7" box="[455,749,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D5919D815FE6984879BCEF0A7" authority="Jara-Muñoz &amp; Ávila, 2021" authorityName="Jara-Muñoz &amp; Ávila" authorityYear="2021" box="[455,669,1482,1504]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum" status="sp. nov.">Erythroxylum setosum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25614775919D815FD0D84869BBEF0A7" box="[675,749,1483,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(red circles) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D5919D815FC3D84879DC0F0A7" box="[915,1171,1482,1504]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C5919D815FC3D84879DC0F0A7" box="[915,1171,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Erythroxylum acuminatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(dark blue triangles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAE751E5919D815FF1387429859F262" blockId="3.[136,1452,1551,2081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
We believe that the record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D5919D815FDB087429A4FF36F" authorityName="Jara-Muñoz &amp; Ávila" authorityYear="2021" box="[542,796,1551,1577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C5919D815FDB087429A4FF36F" box="[542,796,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Erythroxylum setosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta may have originated from a long-distance dispersal by birds in recent times. The main reason to think this is that the Colombian Caribbean region, including the lower areas of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, has been much better sampled than the 
<collectingRegion id="49D5BBFC5919D815FEF6873698F7F3D2" box="[344,420,1659,1685]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Darien</collectingRegion>
Gap, (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8008EF5919D815FD9887369BACF3D2" author="Cleef, A. M. &amp; J. O &amp; Van der Hammen, T. &amp; Jaramillo-M., R." box="[566,767,1659,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" pagination="267 - 406" refId="ref2914" refString="Cleef, A. M., Rangel-CH., J. O., Van der Hammen, T. &amp; Jaramillo-M., R. (1984) La vegetacion de las selvas del Transecto Buritaca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In: Van der Hammen, T. &amp; Ruiz-C., P. (Eds.) La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Transecto Buritaca-La Cumbre. Estudios de Ecosistemas Tropandinos 2. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart, pp. 267 - 406." type="book chapter" year="1984">
Cleef 
<emphasis id="B965A90C5919D815FDD087369BE0F3D2" box="[638,691,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">et al</emphasis>
. 1984
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8008EF5919D815FCA087369AFFF3D2" author="Dugand, A." box="[782,940,1659,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" pagination="415 - 466" refId="ref3068" refString="Dugand, A. (1970) Observaciones botanicas y geobotanicas en la Costa Colombiana del Caribe. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales 13: 415 - 466." type="journal article" year="1970">Dugand 1970</bibRefCitation>
, Lozano 1986, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8008EF5919D815FBCD87369DADF3D2" author="Sugden, A. M." box="[1123,1278,1659,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref4350" refString="Sugden, A. M. (1982) The vegetation of the Serrania de Macuira, Guajira, Colombia: a contrast of arid lowlands and an isolated cloud forest. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 63: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1982">Sugden 1982</bibRefCitation>
). If there were populations in the Caribbean region, it would be expected that more than one collection would have been made, but this has not happened, while in the few explorations that have been made to the 
<collectingRegion id="49D5BBFC5919D815FBA8878E9D01F39A" box="[1030,1106,1731,1757]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Darién</collectingRegion>
Gap the species was recorded. The verification of this hypothesis will require genetic data that would allow us to infer the phylogeographic history of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE751E5919D815FF13866399A8FD66" blockId="3.[136,1452,1551,2081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B965A90C5919D815FF13866398B4F20E" bold="true" box="[189,487,1838,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Conservation assessment</emphasis>
:—We decided to employ the criteria B2, geographic range based on area of occupancy (AOO), because the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) includes mainly dry and xeric forest, in which the presence of the species is unlikely. Using this criterion, 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D5919D815FDE5863A9A16F2D7" authorityName="Jara-Muñoz &amp; Ávila" authorityYear="2021" box="[587,837,1911,1937]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C5919D815FDE5863A9A16F2D7" box="[587,837,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Erythroxylum setosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in the category of endangered (EN), because, 1) the Area of Occupancy is 
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB5919D815FED086D79890F2F2" box="[382,451,1946,1973]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C64D8565919D815FE6D86D79898F2EF" attach="left" box="[451,459,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">2</superScript>
(&lt;
<quantity id="4CE9D8FB5919D815FE4886D79B6FF2F2" box="[486,572,1946,1973]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C64D8565919D815FD9586D79B10F2EF" attach="left" box="[571,579,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">2</superScript>
), 2) is known to exist in no more than five locations (criteria 2Ba), and 3) there is a continuing decline observed in the quality of habitat, and area of occupancy (criteria 2Bbiii). In fact this region is permanently under land-use pressure because of livestock, illicit coca crops, and transit of immigrants between the Americas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE751E591ED812FF1381D39C04F4F3" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FF1381D398B7F5FF" bold="true" box="[189,484,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Taxonomic comments:—</emphasis>
The new species is morphologically related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D591ED812FC4E81D39C54F5FF" box="[992,1287,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FC4E81D39C54F5FF" box="[992,1287,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Erythroxylum acuminatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F306358E591ED812FAE681D39CF4F5FF" box="[1352,1447,158,184]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F306358E591ED812FF26818E99EDF59A" box="[136,190,195,221]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F306358E591ED812FF67818F9843F59B" box="[201,272,194,220]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F306358E591ED812FEE5818F98F3F59B" box="[331,416,194,220]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, by having striated stipules, adaxially impressed veins, and similar calyx shape, but it differs because the new species has longer lateral setae of the stipules, longer and caducous stipules, and poorly developed anterior petaloid ligules. This last character is useful to separate the new species from the widely distributed, 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FA3D8046987AF40F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">E. macrophyllum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8008EF591ED812FE8380639B7AF40F" author="Cavanilles, A. J." box="[301,553,302,328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" refId="ref2889" refString="Cavanilles, A. J. (1789) Monadelphiae classis dissertationes decem. F. A. Didot, Paris, 463 pp." type="book" year="1789">Cavanilles (1789: 401)</bibRefCitation>
, along with the triangular and valvate lobes of the calyx (vs. ovate and overlapping in 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FF0A801E9830F42B" box="[164,355,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">E. macrophyllum</emphasis>
) and the longer stipular setae. 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D591ED812FD1A801F9AFFF42B" authorityName="Jara-Muñoz &amp; Ávila" authorityYear="2021" box="[692,940,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FD1A801F9AFFF42B" box="[692,940,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Erythroxylum setosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the section 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D591ED812FB06801F985DF4D7" authority="Schulz (1907 b: 28)" authorityName="Schulz" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1907" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhabdophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FB06801F9C0AF42B" box="[1192,1369,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Rhabdophyllum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8008EF591ED812FAF1801F985DF4D7" author="Schulz, O. E." pageId="4" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref4313" refString="Schulz, O. E. (1907 b) Erythroxylaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1907">Schulz (1907b: 28)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
because of the striate stipules and the margin of the sepals not overlapping, being probably nested or closely related to the clade III, 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FE4A80D69B71F4F3" box="[484,546,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8008EF591ED812FD8680D79A53F4F3" author="White, D. M. &amp; Islam, M. B. &amp; Mason-Gamer, R. J." box="[552,768,410,436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" pagination="154 - 165" refId="ref4454" refString="White, D. M., Islam, M. B. &amp; Mason-Gamer, R. J. (2019) Phylogenetic inference in section Archerythroxylum informs taxonomy, biogeography, and the domestication of coca (Erythroxylum species). American Journal of Botany 106: 154 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ajb 2.1224" type="journal article" year="2019">
White 
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FDDA80D69BFFF4F3" box="[628,684,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
, where other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D591ED812FBA380D79DEDF4F3" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1907" box="[1037,1214,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Rhabdophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FBA380D79DEDF4F3" box="[1037,1214,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Rhabdophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are included.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE751E591ED812FF1380F3983FF7F6" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
Despite the few specimens based on which we describe this species, the distinctive characteristics of the species are present in all specimens and are not found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D591ED812FD1480AF9ABDF4BB" box="[698,1006,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FD1480AF9ABDF4BB" box="[698,1006,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Erythroxylum acuminatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so we are reasonably certain that they are fixed phenotypic traits. The presence of these diagnostic traits in populations separated from the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C110E9D591ED812FA3D834A9841F703" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
<emphasis id="B965A90C591ED812FA3D834A9841F703" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">E. acuminatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132A699B591ED812FE8D8367983BF703" box="[291,360,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,190,1458]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[340,1247,190,1458]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Erythroxylum setosum sp. nov. (red circles) and Erythroxylum acuminatum (dark blue triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5755792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5755792/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) is evidence that these attributes have been inherited; this is compatible with most concepts of species based on traits (e.g. Cracraft 1982, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8008EF591ED812FDDB83039AD7F72F" author="Nixon, H. E. &amp; Wheeler, Q. D." box="[629,900,590,616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" pagination="211 - 223" refId="ref3755" refString="Nixon, H. E. &amp; Wheeler, Q. D. (1990) An amplification of the phylogenetic species concept. Cladistics 6: 211 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.1990. tb 00541. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Nixon &amp; Wheeler 1990</bibRefCitation>
). We believe that the scarcity of sampling in the area because of logistical difficulties and land-use pressure makes it unlikely that the number of samples will increase in the coming years.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>