325 lines
44 KiB
XML
325 lines
44 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="837B6D1F1509717EA09820783315EA13">A new frog species (Myobatrachidae: Uperoleia) from the Northern Deserts region of Australia, with a redescription of U. trachyderma</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="47EA83DFBF3A5A0BC92E3E0BB11F8704">Catullo, Renee A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="386554131C9C1D95E7059E0A70BE855E">Doughty, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="670A084253ECDA871365B2F1A59DC211">Keogh, J. Scott</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03E56F03605AFF86A3BAFCD0FDC9AACA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5693746" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119410503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5693746" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E56F03605AFF86A3BAFCD0FDC9AACA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E56F03605AFF86A3BAFCD0FDC9AACA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<subSubSection id="C3568D9E605AFF87A3BAFCD0FBDBAEF3" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3BAFCD0FE60AE78" blockId="4.[151,430,822,918]" box="[151,430,822,848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<heading id="D0BB6979605AFF87A3BAFCD0FE60AE78" bold="true" box="[151,430,822,848]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A3BAFCD0FE60AE78" ID-CoL="7DM5W" box="[151,430,822,848]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
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<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3BAFCD0FE60AE78" bold="true" box="[151,430,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Uperoleia trachyderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3BAFCBFFED8AEBE" blockId="4.[151,430,822,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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Blacksoil Toadlet
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<figureCitation id="1377C290605AFF87A3BAFC9BFF16AEBE" box="[151,216,893,918]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[275,1278,207,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1292,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the Australian Monsoonal Tropics showing the distribution of (a) nDNA groups, (b) mtDNA clades, (c) acoustic variation, and (d) total known distribution of U. stridera sp. nov (green) and U. trachyderma (yellow) based on our data and previous taxonomic descriptions. Half coloured shapes in (b) indicate locations with multiple mtDNA clades present. Arrowheads in (d) indicate type localities. In (a), major bioregions are in bold, and biogeographical barriers are in italics. In (b), dashed lines indicate major roads and dots indicate locations. Modified from Catullo et al. 2013." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230526/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="1377C290605AFF87A3D1FC98FEC7AEBE" box="[252,265,894,918]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[195,1391,198,1320]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[189,1398,193,1324]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. (a) Dorsal, dorsolateral, and ventral photos of the holotype of Uperoleia stridera sp. nov. (WAM R 164738); (b) Photos of U. trachyderma in life (NTM R 36190, R 36194, & R 36202); and (c) Photos of U. stridera sp. nov. (NTM R 36209, R 36212, & R 36213). Photos by M. Whitehead & R. Catullo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230527/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">3</figureCitation>
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c
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3BAFC23FBDBAEF3" blockId="4.[151,1070,965,1018]" box="[151,1045,965,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A3BAFC23FD7CAEF3" authority="Tyler, Davies & Martin 1981" authorityName="Tyler, Davies & Martin" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,690,965,987]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
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<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3BAFC23FE4AAEF3" box="[151,388,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Uperoleia trachyderma</emphasis>
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Tyler, Davies & Martin 1981
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</taxonomicName>
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, Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 105, p. 49.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3568D9E605AFF87A3BAFC02FBE0AED2" box="[151,1070,996,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3BAFC02FBE0AED2" blockId="4.[151,1070,965,1018]" box="[151,1070,996,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A3BAFC02FD3EAED2" ID-CoL="7DM5W" authority="Davies" authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,752,996,1018]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
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<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3BAFC02FE4AAED2" box="[151,388,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Uperoleia trachyderma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDDA3E4605AFF87A2A6FC02FD3EAED2" author="Davies" box="[395,752,996,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" refString="Davies, M., McDonald, K. R. & Corben, C. (1986) The genus Uperoleia Gray (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Queensland, Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 98, 147 - 188." type="journal article" year="1986">
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Davies,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B9E85605AFF87A2F0FC02FD87AED2" box="[477,585,996,1018]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">McDonald</collectingCountry>
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& Corben 1986
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Proc. R. S. Vict. 98(4), p. 160.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3568D9E605AFF87A3BAFBC0FC51A877" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3BAFBC0FAFBA94B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1062,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3BAFBC0FEC5A917" bold="true" box="[151,267,1062,1087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<typeStatus id="54F760B7605AFF87A3BAFBC0FEC8A917" box="[151,262,1062,1087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED5D46D0605AFF87A23FFBC1FEADA917" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" box="[274,355,1063,1087]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">SAMA</collectionCode>
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R20374 (male), collected on the Newcastle Creek floodplain at the George Redman Causeway, Northern Territory (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE78B8D2605AFF87A25BFBACFE1CA94B" box="[374,466,1098,1123]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" precision="925" value="-17.233334">17°14′S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE78B8D2605AFF87A2F0FBACFD89A94B" box="[477,583,1098,1123]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" precision="925" value="133.46666">133°28′E</geoCoordinate>
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) by M. Davies, A.A. Martin and M.J. Tyler on
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<date id="FFF2F8D5605AFF87A774FBACFAFCA94B" box="[1113,1330,1098,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" value="1980-12-16">16 December 1980</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3EAFB88FAD2A9AF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1062,2023]" box="[199,1308,1134,1159]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3EAFB88FE88A9AF" bold="true" box="[199,326,1134,1159]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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||
<typeStatus id="54F760B7605AFF87A3EAFB88FE8FA9AF" box="[199,321,1134,1159]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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KU 189561,
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<collectionCode id="ED5D46D0605AFF87A2F3FB89FDD2A9AE" box="[478,540,1135,1158]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">NTM</collectionCode>
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9865,
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<collectionCode id="ED5D46D0605AFF87A144FB89FD74A9AF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" box="[617,698,1135,1159]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">SAMA</collectionCode>
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20375–6. The series was collected with the
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<typeStatus id="54F760B7605AFF87A79FFB88FAD6A9AF" box="[1202,1304,1134,1159]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3EAFB74FC51A877" blockId="4.[151,1437,1062,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3EAFB74FD6FA983" bold="true" box="[199,673,1170,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<typeStatus id="54F760B7605AFF87A3EAFB74FECCA983" box="[199,258,1170,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Type</typeStatus>
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locality for
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A2BDFB74FD54A983" box="[400,666,1170,1195]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
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<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A2BDFB74FD54A983" bold="true" box="[400,666,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Uperoleia trachyderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54F760B7605AFF87A1F7FB74FCF2A983" box="[730,828,1170,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A044FB75FBD4A983" box="[873,1050,1171,1195]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
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<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A044FB75FBD4A983" box="[873,1050,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">U. trachyderma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="ED5D46D0605AFF87A705FB75FBB5A983" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" box="[1064,1147,1171,1195]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">SAMA</collectionCode>
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||
R20374) was collected at Newcastle Creek, NT (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE78B8D2605AFF87A28BFB50FDCCA9E7" box="[422,514,1206,1231]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" precision="925" value="-17.233334">17°14′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE78B8D2605AFF87A13FFB50FDB2A9E7" box="[530,636,1206,1231]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" precision="925" value="133.46666">133°28′E</geoCoordinate>
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) (
|
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<figureCitation id="1377C290605AFF87A1BAFB50FD2FA9E7" box="[663,737,1206,1231]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[275,1278,207,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1292,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the Australian Monsoonal Tropics showing the distribution of (a) nDNA groups, (b) mtDNA clades, (c) acoustic variation, and (d) total known distribution of U. stridera sp. nov (green) and U. trachyderma (yellow) based on our data and previous taxonomic descriptions. Half coloured shapes in (b) indicate locations with multiple mtDNA clades present. Arrowheads in (d) indicate type localities. In (a), major bioregions are in bold, and biogeographical barriers are in italics. In (b), dashed lines indicate major roads and dots indicate locations. Modified from Catullo et al. 2013." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230526/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). This area corresponds with the distribution of the eastern Northern Deserts clade. In addition, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F760B7605AFF87A14EFB3CFD0BA9DB" box="[611,709,1242,1267]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was reported by Tyler
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||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A0FCFB3DFBC5A9DB" box="[977,1035,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(1981b) to have a harsh ‘creak’ of four pulses as a call as well as orange tubercles on the dorsal surface, characteristics that have only been found in the
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A3EEFAC5FEB6A813" box="[195,376,1315,1339]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3EEFAC5FEB6A813" box="[195,376,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">U. trachyderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
E nDNA clade individuals. Thus, based on available data, we have determined that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A6ACFAC5FEE8A876" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A6ACFAC5FEE8A876" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">U. trachyderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F760B7605AFF87A200FAA0FE41A877" box="[301,399,1350,1375]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A117FAA1FD25A876" box="[570,747,1350,1374]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A117FAA1FD25A876" box="[570,747,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">U. trachyderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
E nDNA clade.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3568D9E605AFF87A3EAFA8CFB2CAB3B" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3EAFA8CFB2CAB3B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1062,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3EAFA8CFDB8A8AB" bold="true" box="[199,630,1386,1411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Comment on previous descriptions.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Davies
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A009FA8DFCAEA8AB" box="[804,864,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1986) redescription of this species, a number of specimens were examined from the western side of the Northern Deserts. These localities do not fall into the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A395FA55FEA3A8E3" box="[184,365,1459,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A395FA55FEA3A8E3" box="[184,365,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">U. trachyderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are likely to represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A194FA55FCF6A8E3" box="[697,824,1459,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stridera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A194FA55FCF6A8E3" box="[697,824,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">U. stridera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BBF7C605AFF87A06FFA54FC51A8E3" box="[834,927,1458,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A06FFA54FC51A8E3" bold="true" box="[834,927,1458,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
These individuals and their locations were: SAMA R25952–61 from
|
||
<quantity id="4CB473F0605AFF87A290FA31FDE7A8C7" box="[445,553,1494,1519]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.139" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="km" value="113.9">113.9 km</quantity>
|
||
S Victoria Hwy/Delamere Hwy junction; SAMA R24017 from
|
||
<quantity id="4CB473F0605AFF87A621FA30FAB6A8C7" box="[1292,1400,1494,1519]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.151" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="km" value="415.1">415.1 km</quantity>
|
||
W Katherine on Victoria Hwy; and SAMA R24018–28 from
|
||
<quantity id="4CB473F0605AFF87A009FA1DFCBCAB3B" box="[804,882,1530,1555]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="km" value="4.4">4.4 km</quantity>
|
||
W Keep River on Victoria Hwy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3568D9E605AFF87A3EAF9F8FC93ABC3" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3EAF9F8FC93ABC3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1062,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3EAF9F8FE8FAB1F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1566,1591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguished from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A1BEF9F8FCCDAB1E" box="[659,771,1566,1590]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A1BEF9F8FCCDAB1E" box="[659,771,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Uperoleia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a combination of small body size (males
|
||
<quantity id="4CB473F0605AFF87A7D4F9F9FA52AB1E" box="[1273,1436,1567,1591]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.81" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="20.1" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="18.1">18.1–22.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SUL), flattened head (HD/SUL 0.15±0.01 [0.12–0.17]) broad snout (EN/IN 1.24±0.08 [1.14–1.36]), absence of maxillary teeth, finely tubercular skin, large red groin and femoral patches, large round parotoid glands reaching only to arms, well developed oval inguinal glands and large obvious coccygeal glands. Toes and fingers unwebbed, and highly reduced inner and outer metatarsal tubercles. Scattered light orange to red dorsal tubercles. A sharp click consisting of three to four pulses as an advertisement call.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3568D9E605AFF87A3EAF910FA44AA27" box="[199,1418,1782,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF87A3EAF910FA44AA27" blockId="4.[151,1437,1062,2023]" box="[199,1418,1782,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3EAF910FE7EAA27" bold="true" box="[199,432,1782,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
See Table 2 for specimens labeled as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605AFF87A04BF911FBD9AA26" box="[870,1047,1782,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A04BF911FBD9AA26" box="[870,1047,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">U. trachyderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” under the nDNA clade column.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3568D9E605AFF86A3EAF8FCFDA7A8C0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605AFF86A3EAF8FCFB5BADFC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1062,2023]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605AFF87A3EAF8FCFE1FAA1B" bold="true" box="[199,465,1818,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Description of series.</emphasis>
|
||
Body size small, square and flattened in shape. Head is small, dorso-laterally compressed and shallow in depth. When viewed laterally, snout does not slope, tip is distinct and flattened; when viewed from above, the sides of the snout slope gradually to a sharp corner forming a flattened tip. Canthus rostralis prominent, slightly protruding and well defined; loreal region slopes to jaw and is only slightly convex. Moderate rounded medial projection (synthesis of mentomeckelian bones) that matches notch on upper jaw. Nostrils directed upward and slightly outward; nares have no visible rim. Anterior corner of eye covered by slight flap of skin. Posterior edge of brow does not project over side of head. Tympana covered by skin and parotoid glands. Tongue oval and elongate. Maxillary and vomerine teeth absent. EN larger than IN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605BFF86A3EAFF06FC56ACA0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Arms and hands gracile. Arms are of moderate length and the fingers are moderately fringed and unwebbed. Finger length 3>4>2>1. Tubercles under fingers well developed; one on first and second, two on third and fourth. Well developed outer palmar tubercle on distal portion of wrist; well developed inner palmer tubercle on medial portion of wrist. Nuptial pad of males on outer portion of first finger (beginning 2/3 from attachment of finger), extending to base of wrist and encroaching on inner palmar tubercle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605BFF86A3EAFE73FDD4AF32" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Legs of moderate length and thin build. Toe length 4>3>5>2>1. Tubercles under toes well developed and conical; one on first and second, two on third and fifth, three on fourth. Toes moderately long, unwebbed, and strongly fringed. Small spade-shaped inner metatarsal tubercle along first toe. Outer metatarsal tubercle conical and highly reduced along fifth toe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605BFF86A3EAFDCEFD87AE13" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Dorsum covered in fine tubercles which extend down arms, legs, and across the ventral surface. Cloacal flap present, moderately fimbriated in males and status is unknown in females. Parotoid gland round, extremely well developed and obvious, starting from just behind eye and extending posteriorly to arms and to below the angle of the jaw. Inguinal glands well developed, oblong, situated on the side of the body, extending from approximately halfway between arm and leg to the groin coloration; posterior half of gland covered when leg is normally situated. Coccygeal glands large, round and obvious; situated on the torso above the legs. No glands evident between inguinal and parotoid glands. Mandibular gland moderately developed, disrupted, and situated alongside the parotoid gland at the corner of the jaw.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605BFF86A3EAFCA1FA53A957" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A3EAFCA1FE87AE77" box="[199,329,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal ground color frequently a rich medium brown, but a few individuals tended towards a grayish brown. Some individuals displayed solid dorsal coloration, while in others the dorsal pigment was mottled with darker spots of a similar color. All individuals displayed scattered dorsal tubercles that ranged from light orange to red. In most individuals the glands were slightly paler than the remaining dorsal surface. A slightly darker V, pointing posteriorly, was present between the eyes of most individuals. Groin and femoral coloration, usually extending down to top of the crus, was universally red. All males had darkly pigmented chins, with the dark pigment extending just posterior to the arms. The belly of all individuals is a cream color with scattered darker spots, which becomes blotchy as it nears the legs, then ceases abruptly. Ventral background pigment, except for a faint scattering of cream tubercles in some individuals, is not present on the thigh region any individuals examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605BFF86A3EAFB6CFEBCA81B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A3EAFB6CFE7EA98B" bold="true" box="[199,432,1162,1187]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377C290605BFF86A294FB6CFDDBA98B" box="[441,533,1162,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1409,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mitochondrial (a) and nuclear (b) phylogenies of U. stridera sp. nov. and U. trachyderma (modified from Catullo et al. 2013). Patterned bars indicate final species allocation based on genetics, morphology, and acoustics. Individuals with differing mitochondrial versus nuclear haplotypes are indicated by arrows. Oscillogram and spectrograms for the holotype of U. stridera sp. nov. (Up 0261, WAM R 164738, from near Fitzroy Crossing, WA) and U. trachyderma (Up 1091, NTM R 36190, from Bullwaddy Conservation Reserve, NT) are pictured in (c). Oscillograms display amplitude (y-axis) against time (x-axis), and spectrograms display frequency (y-axis) against time (x-axis). Time for each graph is one second." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230525/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
c and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CEEBAE605BFF86A173FB6CFD7DA98B" box="[606,691,1162,1187]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,242,1225,1248]" captionTargetBox="[159,1378,1340,1506]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Call characteristics of Uperoleia stridera and U. trachyderma (mean [SD]). Ground temperature for all recordings was between 23.7 and 29.1 ° C. The difference in call rate between the two species was significant (t = 17.0338, df = 23, p <0.001)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF338E9D605FFF82A3BAFB2FFE1CA808" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" tableUuid="DF338E9D605FFF82A3BAFB2FFE1CA808">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
summarize the main features of the call. This species produces a short sharp sound, audible as a slow click. All individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A061FB56FC30A9EF" box="[844,1022,1199,1223]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A061FB56FC30A9EF" box="[844,1022,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">U. trachyderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gave calls consisting of three pulses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377C290605BFF86A3B2FB34FF2DA9C3" box="[159,227,1234,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1409,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mitochondrial (a) and nuclear (b) phylogenies of U. stridera sp. nov. and U. trachyderma (modified from Catullo et al. 2013). Patterned bars indicate final species allocation based on genetics, morphology, and acoustics. Individuals with differing mitochondrial versus nuclear haplotypes are indicated by arrows. Oscillogram and spectrograms for the holotype of U. stridera sp. nov. (Up 0261, WAM R 164738, from near Fitzroy Crossing, WA) and U. trachyderma (Up 1091, NTM R 36190, from Bullwaddy Conservation Reserve, NT) are pictured in (c). Oscillograms display amplitude (y-axis) against time (x-axis), and spectrograms display frequency (y-axis) against time (x-axis). Time for each graph is one second." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230525/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
c), although some individuals also gave intermittently gave four-pulse calls. The four-pulse calls had a similar pulse rate to the three-pulse calls. Call rate of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A1DFFB1EFC6AA827" box="[754,932,1271,1295]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A1DFFB1EFC6AA827" box="[754,932,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">U. trachyderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was significantly lower than the call rate for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A3BAFAFDFEDCA81B" box="[151,274,1307,1331]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stridera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A3BAFAFDFEDCA81B" box="[151,274,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">U. stridera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BBF7C605BFF86A234FAFCFEBCA81B" box="[281,370,1306,1331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A234FAFCFEBCA81B" bold="true" box="[281,370,1306,1331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605BFF86A3EAFAD8FDA7A8C0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A3EAFAD8FEE4A87F" bold="true" box="[199,298,1342,1367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
High population densities in protected claypan swamps, in chorus with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A77BFAD9FAF1A87F" box="[1110,1343,1343,1367]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Cyclorana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A77BFAD9FAF1A87F" box="[1110,1343,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Cyclorana maculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A663FAA6FF26A853" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A663FAA6FF26A853" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Litoria rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A201FA85FE7EA853" box="[300,432,1379,1403]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A201FA85FE7EA853" box="[300,432,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">L. caerulea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Individuals in low-density populations were found in boggy portions of pastures and ditches. This species appears to prefer fine soils such as blacksoil, which become extremely soft when wet. This may be associated with the extremely small size and highly reduced metatarsal tubercles, which would limit burrowing capabilities in other soil
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F760B7605BFF86A10BFA36FDABA8C0" box="[550,613,1488,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3568D9E605BFF86A3EAFA14FDC9AACA" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605BFF86A3EAFA14FEEEABCE" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A3EAFA14FEAEAB23" bold="true" box="[199,352,1522,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Found in the eastern portion of the Northern Deserts region: from approximately Cloncurry, Queensland, to east of Daly Waters, Northern Territory (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377C290605BFF86A009F9F0FCA4AB07" box="[804,874,1558,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[275,1278,207,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1292,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the Australian Monsoonal Tropics showing the distribution of (a) nDNA groups, (b) mtDNA clades, (c) acoustic variation, and (d) total known distribution of U. stridera sp. nov (green) and U. trachyderma (yellow) based on our data and previous taxonomic descriptions. Half coloured shapes in (b) indicate locations with multiple mtDNA clades present. Arrowheads in (d) indicate type localities. In (a), major bioregions are in bold, and biogeographical barriers are in italics. In (b), dashed lines indicate major roads and dots indicate locations. Modified from Catullo et al. 2013." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230526/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
d, Table 2). Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A719F9FEFB7CAB07" box="[1076,1202,1559,1583]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stridera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A719F9FEFB7CAB07" box="[1076,1202,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">U. stridera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BBF7C605BFF86A791F9F0FAD6AB07" box="[1212,1304,1558,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A791F9F0FAD6AB07" bold="true" box="[1212,1304,1558,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ecological niche modeling suggests that the sandstone escarpments of the Top
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B9E85605BFF86A0E7F9DCFC39AB7B" box="[970,1015,1594,1619]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">End</collectingCountry>
|
||
biogeographic region represent the northern barrier to this species, and that the southern barrier corresponds with the 18th parallel, which is the approximate transition to extreme aridity and highly variable rainfall (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDA3E4605BFF86A0E8F963FB6DABB6" author="Catullo" box="[965,1187,1669,1694]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Catullo, R. A., Doughty, P., Lanfear, R. & Keogh, J. S. (2013) The biogeographical boundaries of northern Australia: evidence from ecological niche models and a multi-locus phylogeny of Uperoleia toadlets (Anura: Myobatrachidae). Journal of Biogeography. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12230" type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Catullo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A709F960FB91ABB5" box="[1060,1119,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These models also suggest that the Carpentarian Gap (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDA3E4605BFF86A16DF94FFCC2ABEA" author="MacDonald" box="[576,780,1705,1730]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="MacDonald, J. D. (1969) Notes on the taxonomy of Neositta. Emu, 69, 169 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / mu 969169" type="journal article" year="1969">MacDonald 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) represents a major barrier for the eastern side of the distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3DE15605BFF86A3EAF917FDC9AACA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A3EAF917FD85AA22" bold="true" box="[199,587,1777,1802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A17EF917FC95AA21" box="[595,859,1777,1801]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A17EF917FC95AA21" box="[595,859,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Uperoleia trachyderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A606F917FA52AA21" box="[1323,1436,1777,1801]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A606F917FA52AA21" box="[1323,1436,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Uperoleia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A3CBF8F0FEAFAA05" box="[230,353,1813,1837]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stridera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A3CBF8F0FEAFAA05" box="[230,353,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">U. stridera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BBF7C605BFF86A24AF8F3FE0EAA06" box="[359,448,1813,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A24AF8F3FE0EAA06" bold="true" box="[359,448,1813,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by the combination of small size (SUL = 19.77 [1.34]), dorsal-lateral compression (HD/ SUL = 0.15 [0.01]) giving the frog a distinct flat aspect, extremely reduced metatarsal tubercles, and by the presence of fine dorsal tubercles. This species is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A088F8B8FBEDAA5D" box="[933,1059,1885,1909]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stridera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A088F8B8FBEDAA5D" box="[933,1059,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">U. stridera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BBF7C605BFF86A706F8BBFB48AA5E" box="[1067,1158,1885,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A706F8BBFB48AA5E" bold="true" box="[1067,1158,1885,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by a lower pulse rate, a lower call rate, the presence of three or four pulses in the call
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A068F864FC42AAB1" box="[837,908,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">versus</emphasis>
|
||
two or three pulses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377C290605BFF86A759F867FB7AAAB2" box="[1140,1204,1921,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,197,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1409,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mitochondrial (a) and nuclear (b) phylogenies of U. stridera sp. nov. and U. trachyderma (modified from Catullo et al. 2013). Patterned bars indicate final species allocation based on genetics, morphology, and acoustics. Individuals with differing mitochondrial versus nuclear haplotypes are indicated by arrows. Oscillogram and spectrograms for the holotype of U. stridera sp. nov. (Up 0261, WAM R 164738, from near Fitzroy Crossing, WA) and U. trachyderma (Up 1091, NTM R 36190, from Bullwaddy Conservation Reserve, NT) are pictured in (c). Oscillograms display amplitude (y-axis) against time (x-axis), and spectrograms display frequency (y-axis) against time (x-axis). Time for each graph is one second." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230525/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
c,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CEEBAE605BFF86A7FDF867FAECAAB2" box="[1232,1314,1921,1946]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,242,1225,1248]" captionTargetBox="[159,1378,1340,1506]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Call characteristics of Uperoleia stridera and U. trachyderma (mean [SD]). Ground temperature for all recordings was between 23.7 and 29.1 ° C. The difference in call rate between the two species was significant (t = 17.0338, df = 23, p <0.001)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF338E9D605FFF82A3BAFB2FFE1CA808" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" tableUuid="DF338E9D605FFF82A3BAFB2FFE1CA808">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), and field location (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377C290605BFF86A22CF843FE88AA96" box="[257,326,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[275,1278,207,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1292,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the Australian Monsoonal Tropics showing the distribution of (a) nDNA groups, (b) mtDNA clades, (c) acoustic variation, and (d) total known distribution of U. stridera sp. nov (green) and U. trachyderma (yellow) based on our data and previous taxonomic descriptions. Half coloured shapes in (b) indicate locations with multiple mtDNA clades present. Arrowheads in (d) indicate type localities. In (a), major bioregions are in bold, and biogeographical barriers are in italics. In (b), dashed lines indicate major roads and dots indicate locations. Modified from Catullo et al. 2013." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230526/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
d). This species is also distinguished by the presence of light orange to red dorsal tubercles, which are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CA596605BFF86A206F82CFE68AACA" box="[299,422,1994,2018]" class="Amphibia" family="Myobatrachidae" genus="Uperoleia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stridera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A206F82CFE68AACA" box="[299,422,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">U. stridera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BBF7C605BFF86A280F82FFDC9AACA" box="[429,519,1993,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9380207605BFF86A280F82FFDC9AACA" bold="true" box="[429,519,1993,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |