230 lines
27 KiB
XML
230 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="1AE1D60031D094B09E48CC42BFE3FCAF" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2003)393<0001:OEAOOS>2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5373008" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630272983483" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="ROZEN, JEROME G. & ÖZBEK, HIKMET" docDate="2003" docId="03D0878FFFC3FF9AFC90FFFCE84C0C0B" docLanguage="en" docName="N3393.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3393" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282003%29393%3C0001%3AOEAOOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Biastes brevicornis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFE9FFF7FFC8FF97FF8CFB38EA490806" masterDocTitle="Oocytes, Eggs, and Ovarioles of Some Long-Tongued Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1699208101281" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="052DE079AEDC2C34BC6FFE7B541FD8BD">Oocytes, Eggs, and Ovarioles of Some Long-Tongued Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC71F4E2580A9F2472F312A125B534F6">ROZEN, JEROME G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26B7BA8C022A4C7523BD0C4BE86674AF">ÖZBEK, HIKMET</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1EA74CA16E856DB753A7935D8AB97C50">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EBB3DD491B7888FE772EF00799AA991E">
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<mods:date id="2832D1578928C0D81F8F6B7C67D40CBF">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D0164CE90416273FEBDADB00C60B9689">2003-02-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="69F36C3A166D434D2A22F613ECA527B5">3393</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9F1B0175CAFBFD67B370D8F36AC044BB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8A61798DAB59E13DD33DAC241BCEDA3E" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2003)393<0001:OEAOOS>2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3636512FFC3FF9CFC90FFFCEEEA0D61" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFC3FF9CFC90FFFCEE230CDD" blockId="11.[796,1130,1220,1243]" box="[796,1130,1220,1243]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D08E81F5FFC3FF9CFC90FFFCEE230CDD" box="[796,1130,1220,1243]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC3FF9CFC90FFFCEE230CDD" ID-CoL="LQF2" authority="(Panzer)" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[796,1130,1220,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Biastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC3FF9CFC90FFFCE9B70CDD" box="[796,1022,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Biastes brevicornis</emphasis>
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(Panzer)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFC3FF9CFD54FFCFEEEA0D61" blockId="11.[699,1228,1271,1741]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">The distinctive external shape of the egg of this species is the result of variation in the thickness of the chorion; the shape of the ovum, described below, is unremarkable.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636512FFC3FF9BFD54FE56EAE30C0B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFC3FF9BFD54FE56EAE30C0B" blockId="11.[699,1228,1271,1741]" lastBlockId="12.[124,654,193,1741]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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MATURE OOCYTE (figs. 16–20): Length
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<quantity id="4C819B7CFFC3FF9CFD37FEB4E9200DA5" box="[699,873,1420,1443]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.699999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.485" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.47">0.47–0.50 mm</quantity>
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; maximum width lateral view
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<quantity id="4C819B7CFFC3FF9CFD37FE92E9230DC7" box="[699,874,1450,1473]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.22" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.25 mm</quantity>
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, maximum width dorsal view
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<quantity id="4C819B7CFFC3FF9CFD37FEFFE92E0DD8" box="[699,871,1479,1502]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.21" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.23 mm</quantity>
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(see Remarks below); egg index 0.18 (dwarf). The following is based on mature oocytes with the chorion fully deposited, as discussed under Remarks: Shape bilaterally symmetrical; dorsal surface nearly flat to faintly concave behind transverse, thin, lamellate tubercle near anterior end (figs. 16–20); front end slightly swollen because of thick chorion, with micropylar pro cess arising anteriorly from swelling; posterior end broadly rounded in lateral view, broader than bulge at anterior end; maximum width as seen from side about midbody, as seen from above closer to front end than midbody; micropylar process elongate, bent dorsally so as to be hookshaped, with numerous pores (fig. 20). Ovum (fig. 19) somewhat more than twice as long as maximum diameter, approximately symmetrical around its slightly curved long axis with its dorsal surface faintly incurved; maximum diameter near midpoint; ovum tapering anteriorly to rounded front end and posteriorly to more narrowly round rear end. Under stereoscopic examination in ethanol (fig. 16), chorion highly reflective, smooth (except for dorsal tubercle and micropylar process), colorless, and clear; that of dorsal surface glassy, very thick toward rear, becoming somewhat thinner anteriorly; after criticalpoint drying, chorion on dorsal surface appearing slightly yellowish, indistinctly pebbled on surface, sides and ventral surfaces smooth, highly reflective; under SEM examination (fig. 19), chorion dorsal surface with faint polygonal pattern over most of area; side and ventral surfaces with faint polygonal pattern (fig. 18).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636512FFC4FF9BFF15FF2CEBC50C63" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFC4FF9BFF15FF2CEBC50C63" blockId="12.[124,654,193,1741]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<materialsCitation id="3B113CC4FFC4FF9BFF15FF2CEBC10C63" collectingDate="2001-06-29" collectorName="J. G. Rozen" country="Turkey" location="Ataturk University Campus" municipality="One" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Erzurum">
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MATERIAL STUDIED:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA2ACE3FFC4FF9BFE1DFF2CEB880C2D" box="[401,449,1044,1067]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">One</collectingMunicipality>
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female,
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<collectingCountry id="F36E7609FFC4FF9BFDBEFF2CE8C00C2D" box="[562,649,1044,1067]" name="Turkey" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49BDF87BFFC4FF9BFFF0FF09EAAC0C4E" box="[124,229,1073,1096]" country="Turkey" name="Erzurum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Erzurum</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="8EA66042FFC4FF9BFF76FF09E8190C4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0878FFFC3FF9AFC90FFFCE84C0C0B:8EA66042FFC4FF9BFF76FF09E8190C4E" box="[250,592,1073,1096]" country="Turkey" municipality="One" name="Ataturk University Campus" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Erzurum">Atatürk University Campus</location>
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,
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<date id="FFC71059FFC4FF9BFDE8FF09EAAD0C63" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-06-29">
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<collectingDate id="EF83E9B1FFC4FF9BFDE8FF09EAAD0C63" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-06-29">VI 29–2001</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<collectorName id="268C534FFFC4FF9BFF7BFF76EB360C63" box="[247,383,1102,1125]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J.G. Rozen</collectorName>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636512FFC4FF9AFF15FF54E84C0C0B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFC4FF9BFF15FF54E99009E6" blockId="12.[124,654,193,1741]" lastBlockId="12.[700,1229,193,803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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REMARKS: In recent papers the term ‘‘mature oocyte’’ has referred to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFC4FF9BFE6CFFB1E8C50CA6" author="Iwata, K." box="[480,652,1161,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="17 - 34" refId="ref17771" refString="Iwata, K. 1955. The comparative anatomy of the ovary in Hymenoptera. Part 1. Aculeata. Mushi 29: 17 - 34." type="journal article" year="1955">Iwata’s (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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category A and B oocytes (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFC4FF9BFE56FF9EEB5F0CDD" author="Alexander, B. & J. G. Rozen, Jr." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="155 - 164" refId="ref17561" refString="Alexander, B., and J. G. Rozen, Jr. 1987. Ovaries, ovarioles, and oocytes in parasitic bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 63: 155 - 164." type="journal article" year="1987">Alexander and Rozen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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) or to oocytes that have wellformed, thick chorions (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFC4FF9BFE6FFFD9E8C90CFE" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[483,640,1249,1272]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref18904" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 2001. Ovarioles and oocytes of two old world cleptoparasitic bees with biological notes on Ammobatoides (Apoidea: Apidae). American Museum Novitates 3321: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2001">Rozen, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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). Most cleptoparasitic bees seem to have an unusually thick chorion, and this is especially true of the eggs of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFEFFFE01E8110D56" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[371,600,1337,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Biastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFEFFFE01E8110D56" box="[371,600,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Biastes brevicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(although it may generally be true for Nomadinae, as it is for
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFEC3FE4CEBB90D8D" baseAuthorityName="Jurine" baseAuthorityYear="1807" box="[335,496,1396,1419]" class="Xanthophyceae" family="Characiopsidaceae" genus="Dioxys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Mischococcales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="cincta">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFEC3FE4CEBB90D8D" box="[335,496,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dioxys cincta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, above). The mature oocytes recorded for this species are those with a detectable chorion and an evident micropylar process. However, we note a gradation in the development of the dorsal tubercle, the thickness of the dorsal chorionic surface, and the anterior chorionic bulge, with the later mature (lower in the ovarioles) oocytes having the chorion thicker in these areas, accounting for the variation in the dimensions. Earlier mature oocytes have small er tubercles, even though the chorion else where is evident and the ovum has reached its full size. Thus, there are degrees of maturity among those oocytes classified as mature oocytes. It follows that the amount of time required to deposit a thick chorion may be far greater than that for a thinwalled, nonparasitic bee egg. Of the 32 mature oocytes (table 1), that is, those with an evident chorion, 13 had a fully or nearly fully developed dorsal tubercle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFC4FF9BFD55FADEEE770B25" blockId="12.[700,1229,193,803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Egg placement of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFC4EFADFEEE109F8" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[962,1192,487,510]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Biastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFC4EFADFEEE109F8" box="[962,1192,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Biastes brevicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the host nest has not been observed. However, from the shape of the mature oocyte, it seems likely to be similar to egg placements of tribal relatives
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFC16F964E9C30A96" authority="(Torchio et al., 1967)" baseAuthorityName="Torchio" baseAuthorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Neopasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cressoni">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFC16F964EECE0A75" box="[922,1159,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Neopasites cressoni</emphasis>
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(Torchio et al., 1967)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFC46F941EE4A0AAB" authority="(Rozen et al., 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Rozen" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Rhopalolemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundiceps">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFC46F941E94F0AA8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhopalolemma rotundiceps</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFC4FF9BFC94F9AEE9B00AAB" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[792,1017,662,685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref18873" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1997. New taxa of brachynomadine bees (Apidae: Nomadinae). American Museum Novitates 3200: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1997">Rozen et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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; that is, the long axis of the egg parallel to the brood cell wall, the dorsal surface of the egg exposed to the cell lumen, and the remainder of the egg hidden in a groove in the cell wall.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFC4FF9BFD77F876EEC70B62" blockId="12.[763,1166,846,869]" box="[763,1166,846,869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFD77F876E9060B62" box="[763,847,846,869]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">APIDAE</taxonomicName>
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: NOMADINAE: AMMOBATINI
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFC4FF9AFD55F847E84C0C0B" blockId="12.[700,1230,895,1742]" lastBlockId="13.[123,652,193,1038]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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The mature oocytes of the Ammobatini show considerable morphological variation. All possess a more or less welldefined opercular area at the anterior end. This area may be flat, curved, or even slightly concave, and it may be variously ornamented with tubercles and patterns. depending on the taxon. The operculum may be surrounded by a flange (figs. 26, 41), which in most taxa is a single extended sheet of the chorion that, in a deposited egg, overrides the cell wall where the egg is inserted (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFC4FF9BFC7FFFFAEED30CDF" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[1011,1178,1218,1241]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref18619" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1986 b. The natural history of the Old World nomadine parasitic bee Pasites maculatus (Anthophoridae: Nomadinae) and its host Pseudapis diversipes (Halictidae: Nomiinae). American Museum Novitates 2861: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1986">Rozen, 1986b</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 6). In the mature oocyte, however, the flange hangs close to the body of the oocyte. The flange is broad in the case of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFBA3FE22E9C90D48" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Sphecodopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudodichroa">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFBA3FE22EE840D37" box="[1071,1229,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sphecodopsis</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFD4AFE0FE93F0D48" box="[710,886,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pseudodichroa</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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or more limited as in the case of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFCAFFE6CEE1B0D6D" authority="Jurine" authorityName="Jurine" box="[803,1106,1364,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFCAFFE6CE9B40D6D" box="[803,1021,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pasites maculatus</emphasis>
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Jurine
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 44),
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFD30FE4AEE1B0D8F" authority="Schwarz" authorityName="Schwarz" box="[700,1106,1394,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Parammobatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFD30FE4AE9A80D8F" box="[700,993,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parammobatodes rozeni</emphasis>
|
||
Schwarz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 37), and ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFC8CFEB7E9840DA0" authorityName="Popov" authorityYear="1931" box="[768,973,1423,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Parammobatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFC8CFEB7E9840DA0" box="[768,973,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parammobatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’’
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFC6BFEB7EE110DA0" box="[999,1112,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">orientana</emphasis>
|
||
(Warnke) (fig. 41). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFCEEFE94EE850DC5" authority="Rozen" authorityName="Rozen" box="[866,1228,1452,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oreopasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="favreauae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFCEEFE94EE3B0DC5" box="[866,1138,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oreopasites favreauae</emphasis>
|
||
Rozen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 25),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFCBFFEF2EE560DE7" authority="Rozen" authorityName="Rozen" box="[819,1055,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oreopasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFCBFFEF2E9810DE7" box="[819,968,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. barbarae</emphasis>
|
||
Rozen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 32), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFD30FEDFE9C40DF8" authority="Rozen" authorityName="Rozen" box="[700,909,1511,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oreopasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linsleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFD30FEDFE9710DF8" box="[700,824,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. linsleyi</emphasis>
|
||
Rozen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 35), the flange is incomplete, represented only along the anterior edge and sides of the operculum but not in the rear. The flange is totally missing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFB3CFD78E9E70E73" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oreopasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanduzeei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFB3CFD78E9790E73" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. vanduzeei</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 30) (as it may be in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC4FF9BFD56FD43EE1D0E94" authority="Morawitz" authorityName="Morawitz" box="[730,1108,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ammobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9BFD56FD43E99E0E94" box="[730,983,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ammobates carinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Morawitz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but is replaced with a thick opercular rim. All taxa examined except for the two species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC4FF9AFB06FD8FEAA108DE" italics="true" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sphe codopsis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFE8EFBF9EBF608DE" box="[258,447,193,216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pseudodichroa</emphasis>
|
||
) exhibit dorsal transverse folds of the chorion toward the posterior end, a feature apparently unique to this group of cleptoparasitic bees. These folds allow the egg to be bent back on itself at the time of deposition. Oocytes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC5FF9AFDD4FA6CEABB098E" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFDD4FA6CEABB098E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pas. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 47),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC5FF9AFEE4FA49EBA5098E" box="[360,492,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Parammobatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFEE4FA49EBA5098E" box="[360,492,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Par. rozeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 38), and ‘‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFF00FAB7EAF109A0" box="[140,184,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Par</emphasis>
|
||
.’’
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFF6CFAB7EB1809A0" box="[224,337,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">orientana</emphasis>
|
||
(fig. 43) possess micropyles consisting of a single pore; micropyles of other tribal members are multipored. The mature oocytes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC5FF9AFEE4FADFE86909F8" box="[360,544,487,510]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFEE4FADFE86909F8" box="[360,544,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pas. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the ‘‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFF00F93CEAF10A1D" box="[140,184,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Par</emphasis>
|
||
.’’
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFF53F93CEB190A1D" box="[223,336,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">orientana</emphasis>
|
||
can obviously be distinguished on the basis of their different sizes, but they are quite similar in shape and structure. Opercular tubercles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC5FF9AFE59F964E8C20A75" box="[469,651,604,627]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFE59F964E8C20A75" box="[469,651,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pas. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 45) are larger than those of ‘‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFD95F941E80C0A96" box="[537,581,633,656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Par</emphasis>
|
||
.’’
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFDEBF941EA9B0AA8" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">orientana</emphasis>
|
||
(which in fig. 42 are scarcely discernible), although the extent of expression of these tubercles appears to be subject to variation in size from one oocyte to the next in some taxa. The polygonal opercular pattern of the latter (fig. 42) seems to contrast with the unpatterned opercular surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC5FF9AFFF7F85CEB660B7D" box="[123,303,868,891]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFFF7F85CEB660B7D" box="[123,303,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pas. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 45) under SEM examination. The huge, strongly tuberculate, amber operculum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC5FF9AFEA7F8A7EB890BB0" box="[299,448,927,950]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ammobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFEA7F8A7EB890BB0" box="[299,448,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. carinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 21) distinguishes this species from all others treated here, as does the flat ebonycolored operculum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFC5FF9AFF58F8CFEB130C08" box="[212,346,1015,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Parammobatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFC5FF9AFF58F8CFEB130C08" box="[212,346,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Par. rozeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs. 36, 37).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |