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<mods:title id="07D5ECEF039822EEB775AC031A0CB96B">A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="85BE507DD3F6C3A70E3136C9319F5AD2">Huang, Hao</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFF054715B5FDFE5D" ID-CoL="4MHQJ" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,706,359,385]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dauricus">
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<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF054715B6FFFE5D" bold="true" box="[151,448,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Prismognathus dauricus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFE5D4715B586FE5D" author="Motschulsky" box="[463,697,359,385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Lucanides, pp. 137 - 138. In: Schrenck, L. v. Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande in den Jahren 1854 - 1856 im Auftrage der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg. Band II. Zweite Lieferung. Coleopteren. Eggers &amp; Co., St. Petersburg, 976 pp." type="book chapter" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFF0D47F8B7C2FE7E" box="[159,253,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 34" captionStartId="22.[151,257,819,840]" captionTargetBox="[350,1238,194,798]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[340,1247,175,807]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 34. Male mandible. 21 – 30 — dorsal view; 21 — Prismognathus dauricus (Liaoning); 22 — P. davidis davidis (Beijing); 23 — P. davidis davidis (Zhejiang); 24 — P. klapperichi (Fujian); 25 — P. s i n i a e v i (Gongshan, Yunnan); 26 — P. siniaevi (Jinping, Yunnan); 27 — P. prossi (Sichuan); 28 — P. nigricolor (holotype); 29 — P. s h a n i (paratype, Sichuan); 30 — P. nigricolor (Gongshan); 31 – 34 — ventral view; 31 — P. davidis davidis (Zhejiang); 32 — P. klapperichi (Chongqing); 33 — P. klapperichi (Fujian); 34 — P. siniaevi (Gongshan, Yunnan). Arrow mark directed to dorsal subbasal tooth or gap on ventral teeth of the mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFE9A47F8B619FE7E" box="[264,294,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 95 – 110" captionStartId="27.[151,257,1545,1566]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,212,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,191,1523]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 95 – 110. Head, pronotum and proleg of female in dorsal view. 95 — P. arcuatus, Siping, Sichuan; 96 — P. haojiani, paratype, Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 97 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 98 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 99 – 100 — P. p ro s s i; 99 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 100 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 101 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 102 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 103 – 105 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 103 – 104 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 105 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 106 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Erlangshan, Sichuan; 107 — P. s i n e n s i s, holotype, Kuatun; 108 – 110 — P. davidis davidis; 108 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 109 – 110 — Siping, Sichuan. Scale bar 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280633/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">98</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFEA047F8B661FE7E" box="[306,350,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 111 – 131" captionStartId="28.[151,257,1303,1324]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,191,1298]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[219,1366,191,1307]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 111 – 131. Female canthus (not under the same scale). 111 — P. s h a n i, paratype, Labahe, Sichuan; 112 — P. nigricolor, paratype; 113 — P. arcuatus, Siping, Sichuan; 114 – 116 — P. p ro s s i; 114 — Siping, Sichuan; 115 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 116 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 117 – 119 — P. davidis davidis; 117 — Siping, Sichuan; 118 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 119 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 120 – 123 — P. triapicalis; 120 — Sichuan; 121 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 122 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 123 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 124 — P. haojiani, paratype, Fanjingshan; 125 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 126 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 127 — P. alessandrae, Zhongdian, Yunnan; 128 — P. sinen sis, holotype, Kuatun, Fujian; 129 — P. sukk ito rum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 130 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 131 — P. siniaevi, Gongshan, Yunnan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280634/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">125</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFEF847F8B6A9FE7E" box="[362,406,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 134 – 149" captionStartId="29.[151,257,1583,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,211,1495]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,191,1503]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 134 – 149. Aedeagus in ventral view. 134 – 136 — P. klapperichi; 134 – 135 — Wuyishan, Fujian; 136 — Baishanzu, Zhejiang; 137 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 138 – 141 — P. davidis davidis; 138 — Qinling, Shaanxi; 139 — Siping, Sichuan; 140 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 141 — Dabieshan, Anhui; 142 — P. davidis cheni, Taiwan; 143 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 144 – 145 — P. nigricolor; 144 — holotype, after Boucher 1996, without scale; 145 — Gongshan, Yunnan, same specimen as in Fig. 226; 146 – 147 — P. s h a n i; 146 — holotype, Erlangshan, Sichuan; 147 — paratypes, Siping, Sichuan; 148 – 149 — P. alessandrae; 148 — Zhongdian, Yunnan; 149 — Weixi, Yunnan. Scale bars 1 mm for all." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280635/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">137</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFE3047F8B6F1FE7E" box="[418,462,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 168 – 199" captionStartId="31.[151,258,1264,1285]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1213]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,191,1213]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 168 – 199. Flagellum of the median lobe. 168 – 171 — P. davidis davidis; 168 — Qinling, Shaanxi; 169 — Erlangshan, Sichuan; 170 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 171 — Dabieshan, Anhui; 172 — P. davidis cheni, Taiwan; 173 — P. nigricolor, Gongshan, Yunnan, same specimen as in Fig. 226; 174 – 178 — P. klapperichi; 174 — Simianshan, Chongqing; 175 — Wuyishan, Fujian; 176 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 177 — Nanling, Guangdong; 178 — Baishanzu, Zhejiang; 179 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 180 — P. s h a n i, paratype, Siping; 181 — P. alessandrae, Zhongdian, Yunnan; 182 – 184 — P. p ro s s i; 182 — Siping, Sichuan; 183 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 184 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 185 — P. siniaevi, Gongshan; 186 – 187 — P. arcuatus, Sichuan; 188 – 189 — P. haojiani; 188 — holotype, Fanjingshan; 189 — paratype, Leigongshan, Guizhou; 190 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 191 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 192 – 194 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Sichuan; 195 – 196 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 195 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 196 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 197 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 198 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, Gongshan, Yunnan; 199 — Cyclorasis fukinukii, Motuo, Tibet. Figs. 168 – 198 under the same scale. Scale bars 1 mm for all." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280637/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">179</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFE4847F8B538FE7E" box="[474,519,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 200 – 211" captionStartId="32.[151,257,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,196,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[193,1398,191,1848]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 200 – 211. Female genitalia and the central protrusion of the 9 th tergites (at left bottom or right bottom). 200 — P. davidis davidis, Beijing; 201 — P. davidis davidis, Tianmushan; 202 — P. davidis cheni, Taiwan; 203 — P. davidis davidis, Nanling; 204 — P. nigricolor, Gongshan, Yunnan; 205 – 206 — P. klapperichi; 205 — Wuyishan, Fujian; 206 — Damingshan, Guangxi; 207 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 208 — P. s h a n i, paratype, Labahe; 209 — P. alessandrae, Zhongdian, Yunnan; 210 – 211 — P. prossi; 210 — Siping, Sichuan; 211 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou. Scale bars 1 mm for all." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280638/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">207</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFD8047F8B501FE7E" box="[530,574,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 234" captionStartId="35.[151,244,1197,1218]" captionTargetBox="[298,1303,161,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[287,1309,151,1187]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 234. Distribution of Prismognathus davidis, P. klapperichi and P. dauricus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280641/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">234</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFF0547A0B54CFE3B" ID-CoL="42H9F" authority="Motschulsky, 1860: 137" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,627,466,487]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dauricus">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF0547A0B642FE3B" box="[151,381,466,487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Metopodontus dauricus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFE1447A0B57CFE3B" author="Motschulsky" box="[390,579,466,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Lucanides, pp. 137 - 138. In: Schrenck, L. v. Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande in den Jahren 1854 - 1856 im Auftrage der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg. Band II. Zweite Lieferung. Coleopteren. Eggers &amp; Co., St. Petersburg, 976 pp." type="book chapter" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
: 137
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[
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locality: “la notre se rencontre au sud de la Daourie, et sur les bord du fl. Amour, aux environs du fort Mariinsk”], plate 9, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFD0D479DB5DCFDD8" box="[671,739,495,516]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 20" captionStartId="21.[151,257,1392,1413]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 20. Cladophyllus, Tetrarthrius and Cyclorasis species. 1 – 4 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, male (Weixi, Yunnan); 5 – 8 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, male (Pianma, Yunnan); 9 – 12 — Cladophyllus nobuhikoi, male (Jinping, Yunnan); 13 – 14 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, female (Weixi, Yunnan); 15 – 16 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, female (Pianma, Yunnan); 17 – 18 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, female (Motuo, Tibet); 19 – 20 — Cyclorasis nosei, female (Motuo, Tibet). 1, 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19 — head and pronotum in dorsal view; 2, 6, 10 — 9 th abdominal segment; 3, 7, 11 — aedeagus; 4, 8, 12 — flagellum; 14, 16, 18, 20 — female genitalia. Scale bars 5 mm for habitus, 1 mm for genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280627/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
, female.
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<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFF05447FB542FDFE" ID-CoL="4MHRD" authority="Motschulsky, 1860: 138" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,637,525,546]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaeneus">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF05447FB6ADFDFE" box="[151,402,525,546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Prismognathus subaeneus</emphasis>
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: 138
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[
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locality: “bords du fl. Amour”], plate 9, 
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, male; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF3474DFFC0601FFB56447FB7D1FDE3" author="Didier" page="127" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFB56447FB2A6FDFE" author="Didier" box="[1220,1433,525,546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Didier, R. &amp; Seguy, E. (1953) Catalogue illustre des Lucanides du globe. Texte. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Serie A, 27, 1 - 223." type="journal article" year="1953">Didier &amp; Séguy, 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 127
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. Synonym.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED615CFFC0601FFF05443AB2B2FD80" blockId="4.[151,1437,466,751]" box="[151,1421,583,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFF05443AB6E9FD80" ID-CoL="32WM4" authority="Parry, 1864: 41" authorityName="Parry" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,470,583,605]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cyclorasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jekelii">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF05443AB601FD81" box="[151,318,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cyclorasis jekelii</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF3474DFFC0601FFED64435B6E9FD80" author="Parry" box="[324,470,583,604]" page="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1864">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFED64435B689FD80" author="Parry" box="[324,438,583,604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Parry, F. J. S. (1864) A catalogue of lucanoid Coleoptera, with illustrations and descriptions of various new and interesting species. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, (3) 2, 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="1864">Parry, 1864</bibRefCitation>
: 41
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–42 [
<typeStatus id="54E9DFFEFFC0601FFD944435B50DFD80" box="[518,562,583,604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
locality: “Chowsan, 
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFD6E4435B404FD80" box="[764,827,583,604]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Corea</collectingCountry>
”], plate 9, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFC324435B4E5FD80" box="[928,986,583,604]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 20" captionStartId="21.[151,257,1392,1413]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 20. Cladophyllus, Tetrarthrius and Cyclorasis species. 1 – 4 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, male (Weixi, Yunnan); 5 – 8 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, male (Pianma, Yunnan); 9 – 12 — Cladophyllus nobuhikoi, male (Jinping, Yunnan); 13 – 14 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, female (Weixi, Yunnan); 15 – 16 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, female (Pianma, Yunnan); 17 – 18 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, female (Motuo, Tibet); 19 – 20 — Cyclorasis nosei, female (Motuo, Tibet). 1, 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19 — head and pronotum in dorsal view; 2, 6, 10 — 9 th abdominal segment; 3, 7, 11 — aedeagus; 4, 8, 12 — flagellum; 14, 16, 18, 20 — female genitalia. Scale bars 5 mm for habitus, 1 mm for genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280627/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, male head. Synonymized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFB684435B2B6FD80" author="Benesh" box="[1274,1417,583,604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidae. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh (1960)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED615CFFC0601FFF054417B6B7FD0E" blockId="4.[151,1437,466,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB424672FFC0601FFF054417B6B7FD0E" infered="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFF054417B50FFDA6" ID-CoL="4MHQJ" authority="Benesh 1960: 56" authorityName="Benesh" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,560,613,634]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dauricus">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF054417B6BDFDA6" box="[151,386,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Prismognathus dauricus</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF3474DFFC0601FFE1C4417B50FFDA6" author="Benesh" box="[398,560,613,634]" page="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFE1C4417B532FDA6" author="Benesh" box="[398,525,613,634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidae. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 56
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, synonymic list; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF3474DFFC0601FFD414417B33FFDA6" author="Mizunuma" box="[723,1024,613,634]" page="238" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFD414417B4EFFDA6" author="Mizunuma" box="[723,976,613,634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Mizunuma, T. &amp; Nagai, S. (1994) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-sha Iconographic Series of Insects 1. H. Fujita, Tokyo, 338 pp." type="book" year="1994">Mizunuma &amp; Nagai, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 238
</treatmentCitation>
, plate 51, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFBF34417B38CFDA6" box="[1121,1203,613,634]" captionStart="FIGURE 235" captionStartId="35.[151,244,2001,2022]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,1289,1992]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[264,1323,1289,1992]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 235. Distribution of the other Chinese Prismognathus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280642/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 235</figureCitation>
, males and female; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFAE24417B609FD4B" author="Wan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Wan, X., Bartolozzi, L., &amp; Yang, X. (2007) Taxonomic notes on some Chinese species of Neolucanus Thomson and Prismognathus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Zootaxa, 1510, 51 - 56." type="journal article" year="2007">
Wan 
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF5544F0B7CBFD4B" box="[199,244,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFED344F0B688FD4B" box="[321,439,642,663]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 20" captionStartId="21.[151,257,1392,1413]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 20. Cladophyllus, Tetrarthrius and Cyclorasis species. 1 – 4 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, male (Weixi, Yunnan); 5 – 8 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, male (Pianma, Yunnan); 9 – 12 — Cladophyllus nobuhikoi, male (Jinping, Yunnan); 13 – 14 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, female (Weixi, Yunnan); 15 – 16 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, female (Pianma, Yunnan); 17 – 18 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, female (Motuo, Tibet); 19 – 20 — Cyclorasis nosei, female (Motuo, Tibet). 1, 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19 — head and pronotum in dorsal view; 2, 6, 10 — 9 th abdominal segment; 3, 7, 11 — aedeagus; 4, 8, 12 — flagellum; 14, 16, 18, 20 — female genitalia. Scale bars 5 mm for habitus, 1 mm for genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280627/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 16–19</figureCitation>
, males and female; 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFD1244F0B5C9FD4B" box="[640,758,642,663]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 34" captionStartId="22.[151,257,819,840]" captionTargetBox="[350,1238,194,798]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[340,1247,175,807]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 34. Male mandible. 21 – 30 — dorsal view; 21 — Prismognathus dauricus (Liaoning); 22 — P. davidis davidis (Beijing); 23 — P. davidis davidis (Zhejiang); 24 — P. klapperichi (Fujian); 25 — P. s i n i a e v i (Gongshan, Yunnan); 26 — P. siniaevi (Jinping, Yunnan); 27 — P. prossi (Sichuan); 28 — P. nigricolor (holotype); 29 — P. s h a n i (paratype, Sichuan); 30 — P. nigricolor (Gongshan); 31 – 34 — ventral view; 31 — P. davidis davidis (Zhejiang); 32 — P. klapperichi (Chongqing); 33 — P. klapperichi (Fujian); 34 — P. siniaevi (Gongshan, Yunnan). Arrow mark directed to dorsal subbasal tooth or gap on ventral teeth of the mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 23–24</figureCitation>
, male genitalia; 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFC0E44F0B4DBFD4B" box="[924,996,642,663]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 34" captionStartId="22.[151,257,819,840]" captionTargetBox="[350,1238,194,798]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[340,1247,175,807]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 34. Male mandible. 21 – 30 — dorsal view; 21 — Prismognathus dauricus (Liaoning); 22 — P. davidis davidis (Beijing); 23 — P. davidis davidis (Zhejiang); 24 — P. klapperichi (Fujian); 25 — P. s i n i a e v i (Gongshan, Yunnan); 26 — P. siniaevi (Jinping, Yunnan); 27 — P. prossi (Sichuan); 28 — P. nigricolor (holotype); 29 — P. s h a n i (paratype, Sichuan); 30 — P. nigricolor (Gongshan); 31 – 34 — ventral view; 31 — P. davidis davidis (Zhejiang); 32 — P. klapperichi (Chongqing); 33 — P. klapperichi (Fujian); 34 — P. siniaevi (Gongshan, Yunnan). Arrow mark directed to dorsal subbasal tooth or gap on ventral teeth of the mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
, female genitalia; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF3474DFFC0601FFB0F44F0B247FD4B" author="Kim" box="[1181,1400,642,663]" page="72" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFB0F44F0B26CFD4B" author="Kim" box="[1181,1363,642,663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Kim, S. I. &amp; Kim, J. I. (2010) Review of family Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Korea with the description of one new species. Entomological Research, 40 (2010), 55 - 81." type="journal article" year="2010">Kim &amp; Kim 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 72
</treatmentCitation>
-76, locality details in 
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFEE044EDB68FFD68" box="[370,432,671,692]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Korea</collectingCountry>
; 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFE2B44EDB6C1FD68" box="[441,510,671,692]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 20" captionStartId="21.[151,257,1392,1413]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 20. Cladophyllus, Tetrarthrius and Cyclorasis species. 1 – 4 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, male (Weixi, Yunnan); 5 – 8 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, male (Pianma, Yunnan); 9 – 12 — Cladophyllus nobuhikoi, male (Jinping, Yunnan); 13 – 14 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, female (Weixi, Yunnan); 15 – 16 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, female (Pianma, Yunnan); 17 – 18 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, female (Motuo, Tibet); 19 – 20 — Cyclorasis nosei, female (Motuo, Tibet). 1, 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19 — head and pronotum in dorsal view; 2, 6, 10 — 9 th abdominal segment; 3, 7, 11 — aedeagus; 4, 8, 12 — flagellum; 14, 16, 18, 20 — female genitalia. Scale bars 5 mm for habitus, 1 mm for genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280627/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
p, male and female; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF3474DFFC0601FFD2D44EDB45FFD68" author="Fujita" box="[703,864,671,692]" page="164" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFD2D44EDB40EFD68" author="Fujita" box="[703,817,671,692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 164
</treatmentCitation>
, plate 99, Fig. 488, males and female from Tsushima Island and northern 
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFED544CFB6BAFD0E" box="[327,389,701,722]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED615CFFC0601FFF0544A8B326FD33" blockId="4.[151,1437,466,751]" box="[151,1049,730,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFF0544A8B56EFD33" ID-CoL="4MHQK" authority="Didier &amp; Seguy 1952" authorityName="Didier &amp; Seguy" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,593,730,751]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF0544A8B64CFD33" box="[151,371,730,751]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Prismognathus davidis</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC31CADFFC0601FFE1244A8B56EFD33" author="Didier" box="[384,593,730,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Didier, R. &amp; Seguy, E. (1952) Catalogue illustre des Lucanides du globe. Atlas. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Serie A, 28, 1 - 112 plates." type="journal article" year="1952">Didier &amp; Séguy 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: partim [plate 91, 
<figureCitation id="13697DD9FFC0601FFD6D44A8B463FD33" box="[767,860,730,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 20" captionStartId="21.[151,257,1392,1413]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,191,1371]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 20. Cladophyllus, Tetrarthrius and Cyclorasis species. 1 – 4 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, male (Weixi, Yunnan); 5 – 8 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, male (Pianma, Yunnan); 9 – 12 — Cladophyllus nobuhikoi, male (Jinping, Yunnan); 13 – 14 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, female (Weixi, Yunnan); 15 – 16 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, female (Pianma, Yunnan); 17 – 18 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, female (Motuo, Tibet); 19 – 20 — Cyclorasis nosei, female (Motuo, Tibet). 1, 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19 — head and pronotum in dorsal view; 2, 6, 10 — 9 th abdominal segment; 3, 7, 11 — aedeagus; 4, 8, 12 — flagellum; 14, 16, 18, 20 — female genitalia. Scale bars 5 mm for habitus, 1 mm for genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280627/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
]. Misidentification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34832D7FFC0601FFF054567B470FC61" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BED615CFFC0601FFF054567B3B1FCA9" blockId="4.[151,1436,789,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF054567B54CFCF2" bold="true" box="[151,627,789,814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Material examined. 
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFE1F4567B6D0FCF2" box="[397,495,789,814]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CHINA</collectingCountry>
: Liaoning:
</emphasis>
12 3, 8 ƤƤ, Dan-dong City, Laogugou, 
<date id="FFEC479CFFC0601FFBF34567B270FCF1" box="[1121,1359,789,813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2008-07-26" valueMax="2008-08-11" valueMin="2008-07-26">26.VII.-11.VIII.2008</date>
, H.-C. Shan leg.; 2 3, 2 ƤƤ (
<collectionCode id="ED43F999FFC0601FFE5C454BB532FC8D" box="[462,525,825,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CHH</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED43F999FFC0601FFDB3454BB544FC8D" box="[545,635,825,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CYXW</collectionCode>
), Shenyang, no detailed data. 
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFC61454BB318FC8E" bold="true" box="[1011,1063,825,850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Jilin</emphasis>
: 2 ƤƤ (
<collectionCode id="ED43F999FFC0601FFB05454BB3E5FC8D" box="[1175,1242,825,849]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3v6b-6ji1" name="Institute of Entomology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IEAS</collectionCode>
), Changbaishan, Erdaokouhe, 
<date id="FFEC479CFFC0601FFEBE452FB6FEFCA9" box="[300,449,861,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1984-08-14">14.VIII.1984</date>
, Z.-Y. Liu leg. 
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFDF8452FB5E5FCAA" bold="true" box="[618,730,861,886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFDF8452FB5EAFCAA" box="[618,725,861,886]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">KOREA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
6 3, 4 ƤƤ, Mt. Dulunsan, 
<date id="FFEC479CFFC0601FFB85452FB3B5FCA9" box="[1047,1162,861,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2009-08">VIII.2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED615CFFC0601FFF5545F3B470FC61" blockId="4.[151,1436,789,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF5545F3B656FC46" bold="true" box="[199,361,897,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Identification</emphasis>
. This species is distributed in the Russian part of Amur region and in northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFA8045F3B267FC45" box="[1298,1368,897,921]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
; there are no other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFE0845D7B57BFC61" box="[410,580,933,957]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFE0845D7B57BFC61" box="[410,580,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Prismognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
living in the same area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34832D7FFC0601FFF5545BBB2B4FBAD" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BED615CFFC0601FFF5545BBB2B4FBAD" blockId="4.[151,1436,789,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF5545BBB605FC3E" bold="true" box="[199,314,969,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. The large and medium-size males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFD6345B8B44FFC3D" box="[753,880,969,993]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dauricus">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFD6345B8B44FFC3D" box="[753,880,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. dauricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterized by the absence of the subbasal teeth along the dorsal ridge of the mandible. The small males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFCE2459CB4D1FBD9" box="[880,1006,1005,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dauricus">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFCE2459CB4D1FBD9" box="[880,1006,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. dauricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not easy to separate from those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFF054260B60EFBF5" box="[151,305,1041,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klapperichi">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF054260B60EFBF5" box="[151,305,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. klapperichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFEFA4260B6EBFBF5" box="[360,468,1041,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFEFA4260B6EBFBF5" box="[360,468,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. davidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(apart for the different geographic distribution) unless the genitalia are examined. The females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFE844244B6AAFB91" box="[278,405,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dauricus">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFE844244B6AAFB91" box="[278,405,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. dauricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are indistinguishable in external characters from those of the similar species, especially 
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFA154244B7D7FBAD" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFA154244B7D7FBAD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. davidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. To identify the female of 
<taxonomicName id="4C521ADFFFC0601FFD814228B5AFFBAD" box="[531,656,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prismognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dauricus">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFD814228B5AFFBAD" box="[531,656,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. dauricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a dissection is always needed. For more details see the keys below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34832D7FFC0601FFF55420FB22FFB49" box="[199,1296,1149,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BED615CFFC0601FFF55420FB22FFB49" blockId="4.[151,1436,789,1174]" box="[199,1296,1149,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B926BD4EFFC0601FFF55420FB65FFB4A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1149,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</emphasis>
Liaoning; 
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFE49420FB519FB49" box="[475,550,1149,1173]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Russia</collectingCountry>
(eastern Siberia), 
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFD61420CB405FB49" box="[755,826,1150,1173]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Korea</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFCD7420FB48BFB49" box="[837,948,1149,1173]" name="Mongolia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34521CCFFC0601FFC52420CB33FFB49" box="[960,1024,1150,1173]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Tsushima Island only).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>