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<document id="2F5DF37B2D2A43239915F5E19CF001CD" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad078" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240120" ID-ZooBank="5D6C7EBF-E568-4100-9364-2DD357003878" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1716361325736" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires, Oliveira, Claudio &amp; Ferraris Jr, Carl J." docDate="2024" docId="03F32B77FFE5FFA50E92FB2CFBA84DA3" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad078.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad078" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Ariidae Bleeker 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="430" masterDocId="FFCA530FFFE7FFA10D44FFD6FFAB4A1E" masterDocTitle="A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="476" masterPageNumber="426" pageNumber="428" updateTime="1716560620312" updateUser="guilherme">
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<mods:titleInfo id="01A38E9C34EFAF1A64973BD7C7CA4388">
<mods:title id="7D64977428DF00010EE392165A3E55C7">A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="586D1B8EC118FB18C399BF987A034E27">Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3F745CC60CDC144A8AA4829BE02DADFB">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, conjunto Presidente Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58050 - 000, Brazil &amp; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB 58429 - 500, Brazil &amp; Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7B4C036DB680476EBAA178BF9742A737" type="email">a_marceniuk@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1DD783551225FE9CFEE730004FBE9E29">Oliveira, Claudio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="14DF6198AAC3BCDDDEA894EFEDEEAAE7">Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="353421AFE9500768EBD2121017A49705">Ferraris Jr, Carl J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9470ED26C7BF43E4589CAE3C558CADCF">545 NE Floral Pl., Portland, OR 97232, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="90EAF21C0AB74471BB92C18591BC1E59">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="86BB94232E79F368D2AF31478952066A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="80B55910082D34F8E2303A2AA03AAE66">2023-08-21</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F32B77FFE5FFA50E92FB2CFBA84DA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F32B77FFE5FFA50E92FB2CFBA84DA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F32B77FFE5FFA50E92FB2CFBA84DA3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFE5FFA30E92FB2CFAAC4F0A" box="[982,1287,1274,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE5FFA30E92FB2CFAAC4F0A" blockId="2.[982,1287,1274,1300]" box="[982,1287,1274,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
<heading id="D0AD2D0DFFE5FFA30E92FB2CFAAC4F0A" bold="true" box="[982,1287,1274,1300]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30E92FB2CFAAC4F0A" bold="true" box="[982,1287,1274,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30967FB2CFAAC4F0A" ID-CoL="6Q6" ID-ENA="31017" authority="Bleeker, 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[1059,1287,1274,1300]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Ariidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE790FFE5FFA30931FB2CFAAC4F0A" author="Bleeker P" box="[1141,1287,1274,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref29792" refString="Bleeker P. De Visschen van den Indischen Archipel. Beschreven en toegelicht. Siluri. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae 1858; 4: 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="1858">Bleeker, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFE5FFA30EBEFAF1FB484F5F" box="[1018,1251,1319,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE5FFA30EBEFAF1FB484F5F" blockId="2.[1018,1251,1319,1345]" box="[1018,1251,1319,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
<heading id="D0AD2D0DFFE5FFA30EBEFAF1FB484F5F" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1018,1251,1319,1345]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30EBEFAF1FB484F5F" bold="true" box="[1018,1251,1319,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">MP 100, BI 1, ML 100</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFE5FFA30E6EFABEFB0C4F9E" box="[810,1191,1383,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE5FFA30E6EFABEFB0C4F9E" blockId="2.[810,1191,1383,1408]" box="[810,1191,1383,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30E6EFABEFC374F61" box="[810,924,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
<typeStatus id="54E124C3FFE5FFA30E6EFABEFCF14F61" box="[810,858,1384,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30EE5FABEFB094F9E" authority="Valenciennes, 1840" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1840" box="[929,1186,1383,1408]" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30EE5FABEFC7D4F61" box="[929,982,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Arius</emphasis>
Valenciennes, 1840
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFE5FFA30955FA74FB4B4C01" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE5FFA30955FA74FBAB4FFE" blockId="2.[1041,1228,1443,1467]" lastBlockId="2.[810,1248,1481,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30955FA74FB674FA2" box="[1041,1228,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Included subfamilies</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30E6EFA1EFBAB4FFE" authority="Bleeker 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[810,1024,1480,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="434" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ariinae">
Ariinae
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE790FFE5FFA30E3EFA1EFBAB4FFE" author="Bleeker P" box="[890,1024,1480,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref29792" refString="Bleeker P. De Visschen van den Indischen Archipel. Beschreven en toegelicht. Siluri. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae 1858; 4: 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="1858">Bleeker 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE5FFA30E6EFA3EFBB54C1E" blockId="2.[810,1248,1481,1567]" box="[810,1054,1512,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30E6EFA3EFBB54C1E" authority="Schultz, 1944" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[810,1054,1512,1536]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="431" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bagreinae">Bagreinae Schultz, 1944</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE5FFA30E6EF9D1FB4B4C01" blockId="2.[810,1248,1481,1567]" box="[810,1248,1543,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30E6EF9D1FBAC4C01" authority="Acero" authorityName="Acero" box="[810,1031,1543,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="431" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galeichthyinae">Galeichthyinae Acero</taxonomicName>
&amp; Betancur-R, 2007.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFE5FFA50E9AF994FB414905" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE5FFA30E9AF994FAAB4C45" blockId="2.[990,1280,1601,1627]" box="[990,1280,1601,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30E9AF994FAAB4C45" box="[990,1280,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Diagnosis (all non-ambiguous)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE5FFA50E6EF9BEFB414905" blockId="2.[810,1459,1640,1977]" lastBlockId="4.[810,1460,144,795]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">
Contact face between lateral ethmoid and frontal through two facets that delimit a fenestra
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA3097EF951FB054C81" bold="true" box="[1082,1198,1671,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">(14, 2&gt; 3)</emphasis>
, state 0 in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30859F95EFAD94C81" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1309,1394,1672,1695]" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30859F95EFAD94C81" box="[1309,1394,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Ketengus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; bony blade anteriorly connecting nasal tubules present
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30871F970FA064CA0" bold="true" box="[1333,1453,1702,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">(21, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
, reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30EEAF910FB914CC3" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1846" box="[942,1082,1734,1757]" family="Ariidae" genus="Osteogeneiosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30EEAF910FB914CC3" box="[942,1082,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Osteogeneiosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; posterior cranial fontanel formed exclusively frontals (25, 0&gt; 1), reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30853F933FAE14CE2" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1840" box="[1303,1354,1765,1788]" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30853F933FAE14CE2" box="[1303,1354,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Arius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30824F933FA054CE2" authorityName="D.S.Jordan &amp; Evermann" authorityYear="1898" box="[1376,1454,1765,1788]" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30824F933FA054CE2" box="[1376,1454,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Aspistor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30E6EF8D2FC6B4D02" authorityName="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,960,1796,1820]" family="Ariidae" genus="Betancurichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30E6EF8D2FC6B4D02" box="[810,960,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Betancurichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30E89F8D2FB194D02" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[973,1202,1796,1820]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycephalus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30E89F8D2FB194D02" box="[973,1202,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Cathorops dasycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA309FBF8D2FAEA4D02" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1852" box="[1215,1345,1796,1820]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA309FBF8D2FAEA4D02" box="[1215,1345,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Cephalocassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA3080AF8D2FA064D02" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" box="[1358,1453,1796,1820]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA3080AF8D2FA064D02" box="[1358,1453,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Cinetodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30E6EF8F2FC3A4D25" authorityName="Kailola" authorityYear="2004" box="[810,913,1828,1851]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30E6EF8F2FC3A4D25" box="[810,913,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Cryptarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30EEFF8F2FBA44D22" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[939,1039,1828,1852]" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30EEFF8F2FBA44D22" box="[939,1039,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Doiichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA3096EF8F2FB254D25" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1862" box="[1066,1166,1828,1851]" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA3096EF8F2FB254D25" box="[1066,1166,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Hemiarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA309EDF8F2FA954D22" box="[1193,1342,1828,1852]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemipimelodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA309EDF8F2FA954D22" box="[1193,1342,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Hemipimelodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA3081CF8F2FA064D25" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1368,1453,1828,1851]" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA3081CF8F2FA064D25" box="[1368,1453,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Ketengus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30E6EF895FC3E4D45" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" box="[810,917,1859,1883]" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30E6EF895FC3E4D45" box="[810,917,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Nedystoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30EEFF892FB8A4D45" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1908" box="[939,1057,1860,1883]" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30EEFF892FB8A4D45" box="[939,1057,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Nemapteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA3097CF892FB254D45" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1878" box="[1080,1166,1860,1883]" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA3097CF892FB254D45" box="[1080,1166,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Neoarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA309BEF892FA084D45" authorityName="Kailola" authorityYear="2000" box="[1274,1443,1859,1883]" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hainesi">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA309BEF892FA084D45" box="[1274,1443,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Neoarius hainesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30E6EF8B5FCD54D64" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1863" box="[810,894,1891,1914]" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30E6EF8B5FCD54D64" box="[810,894,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Notarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30EC9F8B4FC484D64" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" box="[909,995,1890,1914]" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30EC9F8B4FC484D64" box="[909,995,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Pachyula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30EB7F8B4FB4D4D64" authority=", Pauparius" authorityName="Pauparius" box="[1011,1254,1890,1914]" family="Ariidae" genus="Paracinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30EB7F8B4FBDC4D64" box="[1011,1143,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Paracinetodus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA309C2F8B5FB4D4D64" box="[1158,1254,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Pauparius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA30861F8B4FA074D64" authorityName="Marceniuk &amp; Menezes" authorityYear="2007" box="[1317,1452,1890,1914]" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30861F8B4FA074D64" box="[1317,1452,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Potamosilurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; epioccipital posterior process present
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA30980F857FA944D87" bold="true" box="[1220,1343,1921,1946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">(42, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; accessory tooth plates present (58, 0&gt; 1), reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE5FFA3085DF877FA054DA7" box="[1305,1454,1953,1977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemipimelodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE5FFA3085DF877FA054DA7" box="[1305,1454,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="428">Hemipimelodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50E6EFF47FCD44AB6" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1846" box="[810,895,145,168]" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50E6EFF47FCD44AB6" box="[810,895,145,168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Ketengus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50ED5FF46FC574AB6" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" box="[913,1020,144,168]" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50ED5FF46FC574AB6" box="[913,1020,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Nedystoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50949FF46FBC84AB6" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" box="[1037,1123,144,168]" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50949FF46FBC84AB6" box="[1037,1123,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Pachyula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50931FF47FB484AB6" authorityName="Hubbs &amp; Miller" authorityYear="1960" box="[1141,1251,145,168]" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50931FF47FB484AB6" box="[1141,1251,145,168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Potamarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50801FF47FC0B4AD9" authorityName="Betancur-R. &amp; Willink" authorityYear="2007" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usumacintae">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50801FF47FC0B4AD9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Potamarius usumacintae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50E9AFF79FBCE4AD9" authorityName="Marceniuk &amp; Menezes" authorityYear="2007" box="[990,1125,175,199]" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50E9AFF79FBCE4AD9" box="[990,1125,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Potamosilurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; otic capsule very large, limited by prootic, pterotic, and exoccipital (70, 0&gt; 2), state
<quantity id="4CA23784FFE3FFA5085DFF19FA954AF9" box="[1305,1342,207,231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50806FF19FA2C4AF9" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1849" box="[1346,1415,207,231]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50806FF19FA2C4AF9" box="[1346,1415,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Sciades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50E18FF38FB6E4B18" box="[860,1221,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50E18FF38FC4C4B18" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[860,999,238,262]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">Sciades couma</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA5095EFF38FB6E4B18" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[1050,1221,238,262]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">Sciades herzbergii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
); lapilli otoliths several times larger than asteriscus and sagitta
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA509E1FEDBFABC4B3B" bold="true" box="[1189,1303,269,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">(75, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; space between transcapular process and otic capsule moderately large (89, 0&gt; 1), reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50EE6FE9AFB9A4B7A" box="[930,1073,332,356]" family="Ariidae" genus="Chinchaysuyoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50EE6FE9AFB9A4B7A" box="[930,1073,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Chinchaysuyoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA5097BFE9AFB6A4B7A" box="[1087,1217,332,356]" family="Ariidae" genus="Occidentarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5097BFE9AFB6A4B7A" box="[1087,1217,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Occidentarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA5098AFE9AFAB84B7A" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1849" box="[1230,1299,332,356]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5098AFE9AFAB84B7A" box="[1230,1299,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Sciades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA5082AFE9AFCC24B9D" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5082AFE9AFCC24B9D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Sciades couma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50EE0FEBDFBF94B9D" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[932,1106,363,387]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50EE0FEBDFBF94B9D" box="[932,1106,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Sciades herzbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); posterior process of exoccipital present (90, 0&gt; 1), reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA5093EFE5DFB654BBC" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1863" box="[1146,1230,395,418]" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5093EFE5DFB654BBC" box="[1146,1230,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Notarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; posterior infraorbital S-shaped
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50EC9FE7CFBAA4BDC" bold="true" box="[909,1025,426,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">(97, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
, state
<quantity id="4CA23784FFE3FFA50906FE7CFBC14BDC" box="[1090,1130,426,450]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50934FE7DFB0C4BDC" authorityName="Cloquet" authorityYear="1816" box="[1136,1191,427,450]" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50934FE7DFB0C4BDC" box="[1136,1191,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Bagre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; lachrymal-antorbital very wide
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50E23FE1FFC464BFF" bold="true" box="[871,1005,457,481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">(100, 1&gt; 0)</emphasis>
, reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50939FE1FFAE34BFF" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1840" box="[1149,1352,457,481]" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50939FE1FFAE34BFF" box="[1149,1352,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Plicofollis dussumieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA5081DFE1FFCC7481F" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1866" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="layardi">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5081DFE1FFCC7481F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Plicofollis layardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50E33FE3FFBAF481F" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1840" box="[887,1028,489,513]" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nella">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50E33FE3FFBAF481F" box="[887,1028,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Plicofollis nella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA5097FFE3FFA98481F" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1083,1331,489,513]" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polystaphylodon">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5097FFE3FFA98481F" box="[1083,1331,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Plicofollis polystaphylodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; dorsal crest of premaxilla present
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50946FDDEFB22483E" bold="true" box="[1026,1161,520,544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">(125, 1&gt; 0),</emphasis>
reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50845FDDFFAFD483E" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1281,1366,521,544]" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50845FDDFFAFD483E" box="[1281,1366,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Ketengus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; anterior portion of second basibranchial very expanded
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50861FDF1FA074821" bold="true" box="[1317,1452,551,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">(165, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; anterior portion of proximal cartilage of fourth epibranchial about half as wide as posterior portion
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA509A1FDB0FADE4860" bold="true" box="[1253,1397,614,638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">(188, 0&gt; 1);</emphasis>
third pharyngobranchial angled in form of boomerang
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5084AFD53FA254883" bold="true" box="[1294,1422,645,669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">(192, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
, reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50ECFFD72FC4448A2" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[907,1007,676,700]" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50ECFFD72FC4448A2" box="[907,1007,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Doiichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50EBEFD73FBE448A2" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1018,1103,677,700]" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50EBEFD73FBE448A2" box="[1018,1103,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Ketengus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA509C3FD72FAAF48A2" box="[1159,1284,676,700]" family="Ariidae" genus="Paragenidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA509C3FD72FAAF48A2" box="[1159,1284,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Paragenidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; dorsal processes of upper (pharyngeal) tooth plate long
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA509FCFD15FA9248C5" bold="true" box="[1208,1337,707,732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">(197, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
, reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50E6EFD35FC2248E5" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" box="[810,905,739,763]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50E6EFD35FC2248E5" box="[810,905,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Cinetodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and state
<quantity id="4CA23784FFE3FFA50EB0FD35FBB748E5" box="[1012,1052,739,763]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50967FD35FB2C48E5" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[1059,1159,739,763]" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50967FD35FB2C48E5" box="[1059,1159,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Doiichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA509F9FD35FA8348E5" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" box="[1213,1320,739,763]" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA509F9FD35FA8348E5" box="[1213,1320,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Nedystoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; anterior and posterior nostrils close together (232, 0&gt; 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF25CAE9FFE4FFA20DC5F8DBFDCC4DAF" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" startId="3.[129,194,1805,1829]" targetBox="[152,776,143,1771]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE4FFA20DC5F8DBFDCC4DAF" blockId="3.[129,770,1805,1969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE4FFA20DC5F8DBFF734D3B" bold="true" box="[129,216,1805,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">Figure 1.</emphasis>
MP analysis. Subfamilies (SF)
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20F46F8DBFD3A4D3B" box="[514,657,1805,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="431" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galeichthyinae">Galeichthyinae</taxonomicName>
(pink),
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20DC5F8FFFF754D5F" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[129,222,1833,1857]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bagreinae">Bagreinae</taxonomicName>
(bright blue), and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20CD4F8FFFE7D4D5F" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[400,470,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="434" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ariinae">Ariinae</taxonomicName>
(dark blue). Tribe (T)
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20FF5F8FFFD434D5F" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[689,744,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" rank="tribe" tribe="Ariini">Ariini</taxonomicName>
(blue), Cathopsini (orange),
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE4FFA20CD6F893FDD84D43" bold="true" box="[402,627,1861,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20CD6F893FDA64D43" authority="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr, 2024" authorityName="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr" authorityYear="2024" box="[402,525,1861,1885]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Genidentini">Genidentini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DFB08FFE4FFA20F56F893FDD84D43" box="[530,627,1861,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" rank="tribe">tribe nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(brown), and
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE4FFA20DC5F8B7FEE84D67" bold="true" box="[129,323,1889,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20DC5F8B7FF744D67" authority="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr, 2024" authorityName="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr" authorityYear="2024" box="[129,223,1889,1913]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Sciadeini">Sciadeini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DFB08FFE4FFA20DA7F8B7FEE84D67" box="[227,323,1889,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" rank="tribe">tribe nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(light green). Subtribe (ST)
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20F11F8B7FD3B4D67" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[597,656,1889,1913]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Ariina">Ariina</taxonomicName>
(light blue) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20DEDF8ABFE8D4D8B" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[169,294,1917,1941]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Doiichthyina">Doiichthyina</taxonomicName>
(green).
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE4FFA20C38F8A8FE584D8B" box="[380,499,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF25CAE9FFE4FFA20E7DF8DDFAB44DB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240122/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" startId="3.[825,890,1803,1827]" targetBox="[843,1439,143,1771]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE4FFA20E7DF8DDFAB44DB1" blockId="3.[825,1466,1803,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE4FFA20E7DF8DDFC3A4D3D" bold="true" box="[825,913,1803,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">Figure 2.</emphasis>
ML analysis. Subfamilies (SF)
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA209F2F8DAFAEE4D3A" box="[1206,1349,1804,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="431" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galeichthyinae">Galeichthyinae</taxonomicName>
(pink),
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20E7DF8FEFC3D4D5E" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[825,918,1832,1856]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bagreinae">Bagreinae</taxonomicName>
(bright blue), and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA2090DF8FEFB244D5E" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[1097,1167,1832,1856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="434" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ariinae">Ariinae</taxonomicName>
(dark blue). Tribe (T)
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA2082EF8FEFA0A4D5E" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[1386,1441,1832,1856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" rank="tribe" tribe="Ariini">Ariini</taxonomicName>
(blue), Cathopsini (orange),
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE4FFA20914F895FA9B4D42" bold="true" box="[1104,1328,1859,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20914F895FB604D45" authority="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr, 2024" authorityName="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr" authorityYear="2024" box="[1104,1227,1859,1883]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Genidentini">Genidentini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DFB08FFE4FFA20994F895FA9B4D42" box="[1232,1328,1859,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" rank="tribe">tribe nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(brown), and
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE4FFA20E7DF889FC574D66" bold="true" box="[825,1020,1887,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20E7DF889FC3C4D69" authority="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr, 2024" authorityName="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr" authorityYear="2024" box="[825,919,1887,1911]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Sciadeini">Sciadeini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DFB08FFE4FFA20EDFF889FC574D66" box="[923,1020,1887,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="429" rank="tribe">tribe nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(light green). Subtribe (ST)
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA2084AF8B6FAE24D66" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[1294,1353,1888,1912]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Ariina">Ariina</taxonomicName>
(light blue) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE4FFA20E25F8AAFC754D8A" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[865,990,1916,1940]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Doiichthyina">Doiichthyina</taxonomicName>
(green).
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE4FFA20971F8AAFB074D8A" box="[1077,1196,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="429">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFE3FFA50900FC96FBA84DA3" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE3FFA50900FC96FB334944" blockId="4.[1092,1176,832,858]" box="[1092,1176,832,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50900FC96FB334944" box="[1092,1176,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE3FFA50E6EFCB1FA0F4FCF" blockId="4.[810,1460,871,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">
Within the
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50ED9FCB1FC4D4961" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[925,998,871,895]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
, the subfamilies
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA509C8FCB1FB7F4961" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[1164,1236,871,895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="434" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ariinae">Ariinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50842FCB1FACD4961" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[1286,1382,871,895]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bagreinae">Bagreinae</taxonomicName>
share a suite of molecular and morphological characters not found in the species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50EFFFC73FBFB49A3" box="[955,1104,933,957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="431" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galeichthyinae">Galeichthyinae</taxonomicName>
. The MP and ML results place the
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50E6EFC13FCD949C3" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[810,882,965,989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="434" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ariinae">Ariinae</taxonomicName>
plus
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50EE8FC13FBA749C3" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[940,1036,965,989]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bagreinae">Bagreinae</taxonomicName>
as the sister group to the
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA5085BFC13FA1849C3" box="[1311,1459,965,989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="431" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galeichthyinae">Galeichthyinae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFE3FFA50E70FC32FC2C49E2" box="[820,903,996,1020]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStartId-0="3.[129,194,1805,1829]" captionStartId-1="3.[825,890,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,776,143,1771]" captionTargetBox-1="[843,1439,143,1771]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@3.[152,744,149,1755]" captionTargetId-1="figure-61@3.[851,1439,143,1771]" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Figure 1. MP analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." captionText-1="Figure 2. ML analysis. Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green). Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240122" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11240122/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
). Morphological character states that are shared by those two subfamilies and absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFE3FFA50924FBD5FB5F4E05" box="[1120,1268,1027,1051]" pageId="4" pageNumber="431" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galeichthyinae">Galeichthyinae</taxonomicName>
are as follows: anterior portion of anterior cranial fontanel partially or totally delimited by dorsal expansion of orbitosphenoid (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA509A5FB94FAE34E44" bold="true" box="[1249,1352,1090,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">24, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; enclosure of aortic canal present (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5094BFBB7FBDE4E67" bold="true" box="[1039,1141,1121,1145]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">76, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; subvertebral process well developed (78, 0&gt; 1); basioccipital lateral process present (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50802FB56FA054E86" bold="true" box="[1350,1454,1152,1177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">82, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
, sesamoid bone I very long and subtriangular (145, 0&gt; 1); urohyal long 157 (0&gt; 1); posterolateral processes of urohyal short (160, 0&gt; 1); posterolateral processes of urohyal as long as or longer than distal portion of bone (162, 0&gt; 1); distal portion of uncinate process of third epibranchial truncate (183, 0&gt; 1); mesial one-fourth of fourth epibranchial thin, its width about twice its length (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA508C0FAEAFCC14F6A" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">186, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
, superficial ventral ossification of Weberian apparatus entirely covering aortic canal (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5097DFAADFB074F8D" bold="true" box="[1081,1196,1403,1427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">209, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; 19 or more precaudal vertebrae (215, 0&gt; 1); and protractor muscle of parapophysis of fourth vertebra contacting posterior process of epioccipital (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA5086FFA6CFA354FCF" bold="true" box="[1323,1438,1465,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">249, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFE3FFA50E6EFA38FBA84DA3" blockId="4.[810,1459,1518,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50E6EFA38FB8C4C18" box="[810,1063,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">Ambiguous optimization:</emphasis>
Mesethmoid median portion moderately wide (2, 1&gt; 2); epioccipital posterior process very long (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50E71F9FBFC084C5B" bold="true" box="[821,931,1581,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">43, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoid lateral expansions very narrow and long (65, 0&gt; 1); otolith anteromesial process conspicuous (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50957F9BAFB2A4C9D" bold="true" box="[1043,1153,1643,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">72, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; contact face for articulation of transcapular process with basioccipital large and depressed (85, 0&gt; 1); exoccipital bony crest parallel to vertebral column and mesially folded (92, 1&gt; 2); articulation of the autopalatine with lateral ethmoid slightly displaced to anterior portion of bone (111, 1&gt; 0); dorsal crest of urohyal not projected anteriorly (156, 1&gt; 0); Müllerian ramus distal third gently curved (208, 0&gt; 1), 15 or more ribs (213, 0&gt; 1); adipose-fin base very short (222, 0&gt; 3); gas bladder shape cordiform
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFE3FFA50833F8B0FCDE4D83" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="430">(239, 0&gt; 1),</emphasis>
and lateral line not bifurcated, reaching dorsal caudal-fin lobe (247, 0&gt; 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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