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<mods:title id="D7AE5BF09B96A5AD951DF63D4A04DACF">Phylogeny and systematic revision of the helicarionid semislugs of eastern Queensland (Stylommatophora, Helicarionidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953589F1EF50EFCD3" bold="true" box="[98,377,781,808]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Stanisicarion freycineti (</emphasis>
Férussac, 1821
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B159512C9F1EF657FCD3" bold="true" box="[534,544,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">)</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="136187D3FF80B15953589F22F4C2FCB7" box="[98,181,818,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="90.[129,202,1218,1239]" captionTargetBox="[129,1161,188,1193]" captionTargetId="figure-9@90.[129,1187,188,1193]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 33 Distribution of Clade C species. ▲ = S.aquila, ● = S. freycineyti, ◻ = S.wolvi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343127/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Figs. 33</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136187D3FF80B15953859F22F49BFCB7" box="[191,236,818,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="91.[98,171,1078,1099]" captionTargetBox="[107,1157,189,1046]" captionTargetId="figure-6@91.[98,1157,188,1046]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 34 Shells of Stanisicarion. A. Stanisicarion freycineti, MO70449. B. Stanisicarion aquila, MO49825. C. Stanisicarion wolvi sp. nov., AM C.581912.Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343129/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">34A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136187D3FF80B15953CC9F21F566FCB7" box="[246,273,817,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="91.[98,171,1615,1636]" captionTargetBox="[98,608,1170,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-197@91.[98,608,1170,1590]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 35 Shells of synonyms of Stanisicarion freycineti. A.Vitrina inflata, NHMUK 1977079 (syntypes). B. Vitrina strangei, NHMUK 1983076 (syntypes).C.Vitrina robusta, NHMUK 1926.9.1.63-73 (possible syntypes). All images NHMUK." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343131/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">35</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136187D3FF80B15952219F21F511FCB0" box="[283,358,817,843]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="92.[128,201,1171,1192]" captionTargetBox="[130,641,189,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-331@92.[130,641,189,1147]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 36 Stanisicarion live images (Clade C). A. Stanisicarion freycineti, Emu heights, Sydney (image J.Wradjan).B.Stanisicarion freycineti, AM C.506245, Oxley Wild Rivers NP.C. Stanisicarion aquila, C.512654, Broken Head.D.Stanisicarion aquila, C.512596, Mt Tamborine.E. Stanisicarion aquila, C.269856, Cicada Glen Creek." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343135/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">36A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136187D3FF80B159524A9F22F5FEFCB7" box="[368,393,818,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="92.[677,750,743,764]" captionTargetBox="[677,1186,191,716]" captionTargetId="figure-278@92.[677,1187,188,719]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 37 Genitalia of S.freycineti, MO71655, Ingleburn. A. Reproductive system.Arrow shows the junction of the penis and epiphallus. B. Penis interior.Scale bars 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343133/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">37</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9F45F528FC8B" box="[129,351,853,880]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Helixarion freycineti</emphasis>
Férussac, 1821: 20
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<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9F69F52BFC68" box="[129,348,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Helicarion freycineti</emphasis>
: Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824
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<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15953BB9F8EF4BCFC27" authority="Blainville, 1824: 255" authorityName="Blainville" authorityPageNumber="255" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="australasia" subGenus="Helicolimax">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9F8EF59BFC4C" box="[129,492,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Vitrina (Helicolimax) australasia</emphasis>
Blainville, 1824: 255
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. [
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953DB9FD2F539FC20" box="[225,334,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">nom. nov.</emphasis>
for 
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<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15952BB9FD1F616FC20" box="[385,609,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Helicarion freycineti</emphasis>
Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824
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<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9819F5D3FBD8" box="[129,420,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Helix (Vitrina) helicarion</emphasis>
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[
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B1595356983EF4ACFBBC" box="[108,219,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">nom. nov.</emphasis>
for 
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<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B159522E983DF580FBBC" box="[276,503,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Helicarion freycineti</emphasis>
Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824
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<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15953BB9866F5ACFB74" authority="Gould, 1846: 181" authorityName="Gould" authorityPageNumber="181" authorityYear="1846" box="[129,475,1141,1167]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9866F551FB74" box="[129,294,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Vitrina robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15952169865F5ACFB74" author="Gould, A." box="[300,475,1141,1167]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="177 - 184" refId="ref41123" refString="Gould, A. (1846) Descriptions of shells of the Exploring Expedition. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 2, 177 - 184." type="journal article" year="1846">Gould, 1846: 181</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B15953BB9889F5D0FB01" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9889F564FB49" box="[129,275,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Vitrina virens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15952229889F5A3FB48" author="Pfeiffer, L." box="[280,468,1177,1203]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="108 - 109" refId="ref42284" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1849) Description of a new Helix and Streptaxis, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1848, 108 - 109." type="journal article" year="1849">Pfeiffer, 1849: 108</bibRefCitation>
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; Reeve, 1962: pl. 3, sp. 14; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15953D798ADF5DDFB2C" author="Cox, J. C." box="[237,426,1212,1239]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref40612" refString="Cox, J. C. (1868) A Monograph of Australian Land Shells. Maddock, Sydney." type="book" year="1868">Cox, 1868: 85–86</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 14, fig. 5, 5a; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B159535E98F0F562FB01" author="Pfeiffer, L." box="[100,277,1248,1275]" page="26" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1876">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159535E98F0F562FB01" author="Pfeiffer, L." box="[100,277,1248,1275]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref42409" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1876). Monographia heliceorum viventium: sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Brockhaus, Lipsiae [Leipzig]." type="book" year="1876">Pfeiffer, 1876: 26</bibRefCitation>
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; 
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B15953BB9915F5DEFA9D" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15953BB9915F589FAE5" author="Pfeiffer, L." box="[129,510,1284,1311]" page="132" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1850">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15953BB9915F589FAE5" authority="Pfeiffer, 1850: 132" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1850" box="[129,510,1284,1311]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strangei">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9915F547FAE5" box="[129,304,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Vitrina strangei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15952009914F589FAE5" author="Pfeiffer, L." box="[314,510,1284,1311]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="132 - 134" refId="ref42324" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1850) Descriptions of twelve new species of Vitrina and Succinea from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1849, 132 - 134." type="journal article" year="1850">Pfeiffer, 1850: 132</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15951319914F4C1FAB9" author="Pfeiffer, L." page="17" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1854">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15951319914F4C1FAB9" author="Pfeiffer, L." pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref42365" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1854) Die Gattungen Daudebardia, Simpulopsis, Vitrina und Succinea. In: Systematiches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, Ersten Bandes, elfte Abtheilung, pp. 1 - 32. Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nurnberg." type="book chapter" year="1854">Pfeiffer, 1854: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. ii, figs. 9–12; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15952499939F586FAB9" author="Reeve, L. A." box="[371,497,1320,1347]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref42499" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1862) Monograph of the genus Vitrina. In: L. A. Reeve (Ed.) Conchologia Iconica: or, Illustrations of the Shells of Molluscous Animals. Lovell Reeve, London." type="book" year="1862">Reeve, 1862</bibRefCitation>
: pl. vi, sp. 42; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15953B2995CF56FFA9C" author="Cox, J. C." box="[136,280,1356,1383]" page="85" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1868">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15953B2995CF56FFA9C" author="Cox, J. C." box="[136,280,1356,1383]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref40612" refString="Cox, J. C. (1868) A Monograph of Australian Land Shells. Maddock, Sydney." type="book" year="1868">Cox, 1868: 85</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. xiv, fig. 6.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15953BB9961F564FA55" blockId="89.[98,609,817,1778]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B15953BB9961F564FA55" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15953BB9961F567FA55" author="Martens, E. von &amp; Albers, J. C." page="47" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1860">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15953BB9961F567FA55" authority=": Martens &amp; Albers, 1860: 47" authorityName="Martens &amp; Albers" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti" subGenus="Helicarion">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9961F4A4FA71" box="[129,211,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Nanina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953DD9960F52EFA71" box="[231,345,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Helicarion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15952549960F5A4FA71" box="[366,467,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">freycineti</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15952DE9961F567FA55" author="Martens, E. von &amp; Albers, J. C." pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref42070" refString="Martens, E. von &amp; Albers, J. C. (1860) Die Heliceen nach natuerlicher Verwandtschaft systematisch geordnet. 2. Ausgabe. Engelmann, Leipzig." type="book" year="1860">Martens &amp; Albers, 1860: 47</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15953BB99A9F4F5F9E1" blockId="89.[98,609,817,1778]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B15953BB99A9F4F5F9E1" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15953BB99A9F5BEFA29" authority=": Reeve, 1862" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1862" box="[129,457,1464,1490]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB99A9F54DFA29" box="[129,314,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Vitrina freycineti</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159527299A8F5BEFA29" author="Reeve, L. A." box="[328,457,1464,1490]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref42499" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1862) Monograph of the genus Vitrina. In: L. A. Reeve (Ed.) Conchologia Iconica: or, Illustrations of the Shells of Molluscous Animals. Lovell Reeve, London." type="book" year="1862">Reeve, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 6, sp. 40; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B159535899CCF48EFA0D" author="Cox, J. C." box="[98,249,1500,1526]" page="83" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1868">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159535899CCF48EFA0D" author="Cox, J. C." box="[98,249,1500,1526]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref40612" refString="Cox, J. C. (1868) A Monograph of Australian Land Shells. Maddock, Sydney." type="book" year="1868">Cox, 1868: 83</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 14, figs. 4, 4a; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15952F699CCF40AF9E1" author="Pfeiffer, L." page="23" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1876">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15952F699CCF40AF9E1" author="Pfeiffer, L." pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref42409" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1876). Monographia heliceorum viventium: sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Brockhaus, Lipsiae [Leipzig]." type="book" year="1876">Pfeiffer, 1876: 23</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15953BB9A34F65DF9C5" blockId="89.[98,609,817,1778]" box="[129,554,1572,1598]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15953BB9A34F5E8F9C5" authority="Reeve, 1862" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1862" box="[129,415,1572,1598]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9A34F56CF9C5" box="[129,283,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Vitrina inflata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159521B9A34F5E8F9C5" author="Reeve, L. A." box="[289,415,1572,1598]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref42499" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1862) Monograph of the genus Vitrina. In: L. A. Reeve (Ed.) Conchologia Iconica: or, Illustrations of the Shells of Molluscous Animals. Lovell Reeve, London." type="book" year="1862">Reeve, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: sp. 64, pl. 9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15953BB9A57F56FF952" blockId="89.[98,609,817,1778]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B15953BB9A57F56FF952" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15953BB9A57F67EF999" author="Tryon, G. W." box="[129,521,1607,1634]" page="172" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1885">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15953BB9A57F67EF999" authority=": Tryon, 1885: 172" authorityName="Tryon" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1885" box="[129,521,1607,1634]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9A57F548F99A" box="[129,319,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Helicarion virens</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159526A9A58F67EF999" author="Tryon, G. W." box="[336,521,1607,1634]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 364" refId="ref43228" refString="Tryon, G. W. (1885) Testacellidae, Oleacinidae, Streptaxidae, Helicoidea, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Arionidae. In: Manual of Conchology, Structural and Systematic, with Illustrations of the Species. Second series, pp. 1 - 364, 360 pl. Conchological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia." type="book chapter" year="1885">Tryon, 1885: 172</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 39, figs. 69–71; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15953D89A7BF5EFF97D" author="Hedley, C." box="[226,408,1643,1670]" page="49" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15953D89A7BF5EFF97D" author="Hedley, C." box="[226,408,1643,1670]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="45 - 70" refId="ref41185" refString="Hedley, C. (1888) A list of the land shells record- ed from Queensland. Proc. Royal Soc. Qld., 5, 45 - 70." type="journal article" year="1888">Hedley, 1888: 49</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B159529F9A7BF62AF97D" author="Gabriel, C. J." box="[421,605,1643,1670]" page="85" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159529F9A7BF62AF97D" author="Gabriel, C. J." box="[421,605,1643,1670]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="62 - 88" refId="ref41047" refString="Gabriel, C. J. (1930) Catalogue of the land shells of Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 43, 62 - 88." type="journal article" year="1930">Gabriel, 1930: 85</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159535E9A9FF486F952" author="Iredale, T." box="[100,241,1679,1705]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref41645" refString="Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Part II. Aust. Zool., 9, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1937">Iredale, 1937</bibRefCitation>
c: 8.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15953BB9AA3F62DF936" blockId="89.[98,609,817,1778]" box="[129,602,1715,1742]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B15953BB9AA3F62DF936" box="[129,602,1715,1742]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15953BB9AA3F662F936" author="Iredale, T." box="[129,533,1715,1742]" page="6" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15953BB9AA3F662F936" authority=": Iredale, 1941: 6" authorityName="Iredale" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1941" box="[129,533,1715,1742]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Vercularion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9AA3F51EF936" box="[129,361,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Vercularion freycineti</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159524F9AA3F662F936" author="Iredale, T." box="[373,533,1715,1742]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref41676" refString="Iredale, T. (1941) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales - part III. Aust. Zool., 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1941">Iredale, 1941: 6</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 8.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15953BB9AC7F581F90A" blockId="89.[98,609,817,1778]" box="[129,502,1751,1778]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B15953BB9AC7F581F90A" box="[129,502,1751,1778]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15953BB9AC7F584F90A" author="Iredale, T." box="[129,499,1751,1778]" page="6" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15953BB9AC7F584F90A" authority=": Iredale, 1941: 6" authorityName="Iredale" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1941" box="[129,499,1751,1778]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Vercularion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15953BB9AC7F532F90A" box="[129,325,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Vercularion virens</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159526B9AC7F584F90A" author="Iredale, T." box="[337,499,1751,1778]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref41676" refString="Iredale, T. (1941) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales - part III. Aust. Zool., 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1941">Iredale, 1941: 6</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B159519F9CBCF7FAFF12" blockId="89.[646,1157,171,234]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<heading id="D0AD2C3AFF80B159519F9CBCF7FAFF12" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" reason="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B159519F9CBCF7FAFF12" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B159519F9CBCF0F6FF3E" author="Smith, B. J." box="[677,1153,171,198]" page="231" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B159519F9CBCF0F6FF3E" ID-CoL="7RBRC" authority=": Smith, 1992: 231" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="231" authorityYear="1992" box="[677,1153,171,198]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Fastosarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B159519F9CBCF7EBFF3E" box="[677,924,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Fastosarion freycineti</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159508F9CBBF0F6FF3E" author="Smith, B. J." box="[949,1153,171,198]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref42820" refString="Smith, B. J. (1992) Non-marine Mollusca. In: W. W. K. Houston (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, pp. 1 - 408. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra." type="book chapter" year="1992">Smith, 1992: 231</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B15951BC9CDFF7FEFF12" author="Stanisic, J. &amp; Shea, M. &amp; Potter, D. &amp; Griffiths, O." box="[646,905,207,234]" page="302" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15951BC9CDFF7FEFF12" author="Stanisic, J. &amp; Shea, M. &amp; Potter, D. &amp; Griffiths, O." box="[646,905,207,234]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref43055" refString="Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. &amp; Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails. 1. A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Riviere des Anguilles, Mauritius." type="book" year="2010">Stanisic et al., 2010: 302</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B159519F9CE4F747FECA" blockId="89.[646,1160,243,521]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<heading id="D0AD2C3AFF80B159519F9CE4F747FECA" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" reason="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B159519F9CE4F0F4FEF6" box="[677,1155,243,270]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B159519F9CE4F052FEF6" author="Smith, B. J." box="[677,1061,243,270]" page="232" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B159519F9CE4F052FEF6" ID-CoL="7RBS5" authority=": Smith, 1992: 232" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1992" box="[677,1061,243,270]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Fastosarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B159519F9CE4F71EFEF6" box="[677,873,244,269]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Fastosarion virens</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159504E9CE3F052FEF6" author="Smith, B. J." box="[884,1061,243,270]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref42820" refString="Smith, B. J. (1992) Non-marine Mollusca. In: W. W. K. Houston (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, pp. 1 - 408. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra." type="book chapter" year="1992">Smith, 1992: 232</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15957169CE3F0F4FEF6" author="Stanisic, J. &amp; Shea, M. &amp; Potter, D. &amp; Griffiths, O." box="[1068,1155,243,269]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" refId="ref43055" refString="Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. &amp; Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails. 1. A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Riviere des Anguilles, Mauritius." type="book" year="2010">Stanisic</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
et al., 2010: 304.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B159519F9D2BF694FE82" blockId="89.[646,1160,243,521]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<heading id="D0AD2C3AFF80B159519F9D2BF694FE82" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" reason="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B159519F9D2BF694FE82" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B159519F9D2BF6A8FE82" author="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6413F378FFA76A3BF28B7101FEB8F9D1" page="49" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="2010">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B159519F9D2BF6A8FE82" ID-CoL="7T7J8" authority=": Hyman &amp; Ponder, 2010: 49" authorityName="Hyman &amp; Ponder" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="2010" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B159519F9D2BF7D3FEAE" box="[677,932,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Stanisicarion freycineti</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B159508E9D2BF6A8FE82" author="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F." pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref41527" refString="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F. (2010) A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family. Zootaxa, 2462, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="2010">Hyman &amp; Ponder, 2010: 49</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B159519F9D93F695FE3A" blockId="89.[646,1160,243,521]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<heading id="D0AD2C3AFF80B159519F9D93F695FE3A" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" reason="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4ABC78FF80B159519F9D93F695FE3A" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBBD47FF80B159519F9D93F6A9FE3A" author="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6413F378FFA66A39F28B70DCFAC1FAE9" page="50" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" year="2010">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B159519F9D93F6A9FE3A" ID-CoL="7TM6D" authority=": Hyman &amp; Ponder, 2010: 50" authorityName=": Hyman &amp; Ponder" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="2010" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B159519F9D93F7FFFE67" box="[677,904,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Stanisicarion virens</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15950989D93F6A9FE3A" author="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F." pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref41527" refString="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F. (2010) A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family. Zootaxa, 2462, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="2010">Hyman &amp; Ponder, 2010: 50</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B159519F9DDBF789FDF2" blockId="89.[646,1160,243,521]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
Synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15950799DDBF7C6FE1F" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1846" box="[835,945,458,484]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15950799DDBF7C6FE1F" box="[835,945,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">V. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15950FA9DDBF042FE1F" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1850" box="[960,1077,459,484]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strangei">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15950FA9DDBF042FE1F" box="[960,1077,459,484]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">V. strangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15957489DDBF6B9FDF3" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1862" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15957489DDBF6B9FDF3" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">V. inflata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
follows 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15950119DFEF7CEFDF2" author="Iredale, T." box="[811,953,494,521]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref41645" refString="Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Part II. Aust. Zool., 9, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1937">Iredale (1937</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF80B15950F99DFFF785FDF2" author="Iredale, T." box="[963,1010,495,521]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref41676" refString="Iredale, T. (1941) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales - part III. Aust. Zool., 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C8DDFF80B15951BA9E26F798FCD3" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15951BA9E26F723FDAB" blockId="89.[640,1156,566,808]" box="[640,852,566,592]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15951BC9E4BF7B8FD63" blockId="89.[640,1156,566,808]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15951BC9E4BF6B2FD8F" box="[646,709,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Types</emphasis>
: 
<typeStatus id="54E125F4FF80B15951ED9E4BF731FD8E" box="[727,838,603,629]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B159504F9E4BF02CFD8E" authority=": MNHP" authorityName="MNHP" box="[885,1115,602,629]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B159504F9E4BF789FD8F" box="[885,1022,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">H. freycineti</emphasis>
: MNHP
</taxonomicName>
no number (Port Jackson, NSW).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B159519F9EB2F050FD47" blockId="89.[640,1156,566,808]" box="[677,1063,674,701]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<materialsCitation id="3B32910BFF80B159519F9EB2F053FD47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4413347338" box="[677,1060,674,701]" collectionCode="MNHP" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="54E125F4FF80B159519F9EB2F73CFD47" box="[677,843,674,700]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED4B0393FF80B159506E9EB3F7D7FD46" box="[852,928,675,701]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3kvn-7rck" name="Princeton University" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">MNHP</collectionCode>
no number
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B159519F9ED6F75EFCFF" blockId="89.[640,1156,566,808]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<materialsCitation id="3B32910BFF80B159519F9ED6F753FCFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4413347334" location="Moreton Bay" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<typeStatus id="54E125F4FF80B159519F9ED6F77EFD1B" box="[677,777,710,736]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15950109ED7F787FD1B" authority=": NHMUK" authorityName="NHMUK" box="[810,1008,710,736]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15950109ED7F7F4FD1B" box="[810,899,711,736]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">V. virens</emphasis>
: NHMUK
</taxonomicName>
19776 (
<location id="8E85CD8DFF80B15957049ED6F6ACFCFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F32A40FF80B15D53589F1EF536FE9C:8E85CD8DFF80B15957049ED6F6ACFCFF" name="Moreton Bay" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Moreton Bay</location>
, QLD)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B159519F9F1EF798FCD3" blockId="89.[640,1156,566,808]" box="[677,1007,782,808]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B159519F9F1EF71CFCD3" box="[677,875,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Non-type material</emphasis>
: See 
<tableCitation id="C6D8AEEDFF80B15950989F1EF79CFCD3" box="[930,1003,782,808]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[56,116,402,428]" captionTargetBox="[56,1638,477,1528]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1 Material examined. Abbreviations: AM, Australian Museum, Sydney; H, holotype; NMV,Museums Victoria, Melbourne; P, Paratype; QM, Queensland Museum, Brisbane; S, syntype; NHRM, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF25CBDEFFDAB10353029D82F71DFE37" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" tableUuid="DF25CBDEFFDAB10353029D82F71DFE37">table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C8DDFF80B15951BA9F45F71AF9C5" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15951BA9F45F773FC94" blockId="89.[640,1158,853,1598]" box="[640,772,853,879]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15951BC9F69F047FB2D" blockId="89.[640,1158,853,1598]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15951BC9F69F707FC68" box="[646,880,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">External morphology</emphasis>
: Shell (fig. 34A, 35) medium-sized (
<quantity id="4CA236B3FF80B15950219F8DF7C9FC43" box="[795,958,925,952]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" metricValueMax="1.67" metricValueMin="1.28" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" unit="mm" value="14.75" valueMax="16.7" valueMin="12.8">12.8–16.7 mm</quantity>
), amber, 3.2–3.8 whorls, subglobose with a low spire, reduced, ear-shaped with an expanded last whorl. Body (fig. 36A–B) 
<quantity id="4CA236B3FF80B159501A9819F7E8FBDF" box="[800,927,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
, grey-brown (often with a reddish tinge), darker on tail, with a red sole. Shell lappets and mantle lobes moderately large, pustulose, mottled with dark grey. Dark line along mantle edge. Tail keeled, keel often paler, slime network prominent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B159519F98F0F71AF9C5" blockId="89.[640,1158,853,1598]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B159519F98F0F71FFB01" box="[677,872,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Genital anatomy:</emphasis>
Genitalia (fig. 37) with long vagina; bursa copulatrix moderately long, duct distinct, bursa spherical to oval. Penis long, slender, slightly swollen proximally, internally pustulose; 60% of penis contained in penial tunica. Penis longer than epiphallus; epiphallus enters penis through a short verge; epiphallus 2 much longer than epiphallus 1; epiphallic caecum very short; flagellum moderately long, slender.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C8DDFF80B15D51BA9A7BF536FE9C" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15951BA9A7BF695F97E" blockId="89.[640,1219,1643,1810]" box="[640,738,1643,1669]" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Remarks</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF80B15B51BC9A80F73CFB05" blockId="89.[640,1219,1643,1810]" lastBlockId="91.[645,1219,1180,1810]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15951BC9A80F7F9F952" box="[646,910,1679,1706]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15951BC9A80F7F9F952" box="[646,910,1679,1706]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Stanisicarion freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as a member of southeastern Australian genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF80B15950359AC7F7F6F90A" baseAuthorityName="Hyman &amp; Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[783,897,1751,1777]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="89" pageNumber="440" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF80B15950359AC7F7F6F90A" box="[783,897,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="440">Helicarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Férussac, 1821–1822); however, it has been clearly demonstrated that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF83B15A538D9996F540FA64" box="[183,311,1413,1440]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF83B15A538D9996F540FA64" box="[183,311,1413,1440]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="441">S. freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not closely related to this genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF83B15A53E999BAF5DEFA38" author="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ho, Y. W. S. &amp; Jermiin, L. S." box="[211,425,1449,1476]" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" pagination="792 - 812" refId="ref41217" refString="Hyman, I. T., Ho, Y. W. S. &amp; Jermiin, L. S. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of Australian Helicarionidae, Euconulidae and related groups (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) based on mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 45, 792 - 812." type="journal article" year="2007">Hyman et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF83B15A528E99BAF4C3FA1C" author="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F." pageId="90" pageNumber="441" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref41527" refString="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F. (2010) A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family. Zootaxa, 2462, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="2010">Hyman &amp; Ponder, 2010</bibRefCitation>
; Hyman et al., 2017). In the current study we synomymise 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF83B15A520399E2F5BBF9F0" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1849" box="[313,460,1522,1547]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF83B15A520399E2F5BBF9F0" box="[313,460,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="441">Vitrina virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF83B15A513199E1F491F9D4" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helixarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF83B15A513199E1F491F9D4" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="441">Helixarion freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Previous authors have maintained the two species as distinct without specifically comparing them, but comparison of the species descriptions implies that discrimination was based on their disjunct ranges, slight differences in size and colouration, and anatomical characters such as the attachment of the penial retractor muscle and the presence or absence of longitudinal pilasters in the capsular gland (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF83B15A50AB99DEF0E8FA1C" author="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F." box="[913,1183,1485,1512]" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref41527" refString="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F. (2010) A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family. Zootaxa, 2462, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="2010">Hyman &amp; Ponder, 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF83B15A519F99E1F70FF9F0" author="Stanisic, J. &amp; Shea, M. &amp; Potter, D. &amp; Griffiths, O." box="[677,888,1521,1548]" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" refId="ref43055" refString="Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. &amp; Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails. 1. A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Riviere des Anguilles, Mauritius." type="book" year="2010">Stanisic et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
). We have sampled extensively throughout the range of both species and have found relatively low genetic variation (COI: 2.9%; 16S: 1%), consistent with the variation found within other widespread helicarionid species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF83B15A50BE9AB5F0E8F944" author="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Kohler, F." box="[900,1183,1700,1727]" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" pagination="1171 - 1205" refId="ref41327" refString="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Kohler, F. (2018 a) A revision of eastern Australian land snails placed in Nitor Gude, 1911 (Helicarionidae, Stylommatophora). Invertebr. Syst., 32, 1171 - 1205." type="journal article" year="2018">Hyman &amp; Köhler, 2018a</bibRefCitation>
, b). A single, basally diverging specimen from Stradbroke Island is genetically more distinct; however, no significant anatomical differences were observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF25CBDEFF83B15A53BB98D2F7D1FB2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343127" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8343127" box="[129,934,1218,1240]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343127/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" startId="90.[129,202,1218,1239]" targetBox="[129,1161,188,1193]" targetPageId="90" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF83B15A53BB98D2F7D1FB2C" blockId="90.[129,934,1218,1240]" box="[129,934,1218,1240]" pageId="90" pageNumber="441">
FIGURE 33 Distribution of Clade C species. ▲ = 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF83B15A517298D2F6E2FB2C" authorityName="Cox" authorityYear="1868" box="[584,661,1218,1239]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF83B15A517298D2F6E2FB2C" box="[584,661,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="441">S. aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ● = 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF83B15A51FE98D2F743FB2C" baseAuthorityName="Férussac" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[708,820,1218,1239]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineyti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF83B15A51FE98D2F743FB2C" box="[708,820,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="441">S. freycineyti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ◻ = 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF83B15A505A98D2F7D6FB2C" authorityName="Hyman &amp; Köhler" authorityYear="2019" box="[864,929,1218,1239]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="90" pageNumber="441" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="wolvi">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF83B15A505A98D2F7D6FB2C" box="[864,929,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="441">S. wolvi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF25CBDEFF82B15B53589826F6C5FB92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8343129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343129/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" startId="91.[98,171,1078,1099]" targetBox="[107,1157,189,1046]" targetPageId="91" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF82B15B53589826F6C5FB92" blockId="91.[98,1150,1078,1129]" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">
FIGURE 34 Shells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B52179826F5D4FBB0" authorityName="Hyman &amp; Ponder" authorityYear="2010" box="[301,419,1078,1099]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B52179826F5D4FBB0" box="[301,419,1078,1099]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">Stanisicarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B52FF9826F6C9FBB0" authority=", MO" authorityName="MO" box="[453,702,1078,1099]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B52FF9826F6E6FBB0" box="[453,657,1078,1099]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">Stanisicarion freycineti</emphasis>
, MO
</taxonomicName>
70449. B. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B50299826F784FBB7" authority=", MO" authorityName="MO" box="[787,1011,1078,1100]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B50299826F7B1FBB0" box="[787,966,1078,1099]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">Stanisicarion aquila</emphasis>
, MO
</taxonomicName>
49825. C. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B57739826F522FB93" authority="Hyman &amp; Köhler, 2019" authorityName="Hyman &amp; Köhler" authorityYear="2019" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="wolvi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B57739826F522FB93" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">Stanisicarion wolvi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DFA3FFF82B15B52639844F5E8FB92" box="[345,415,1108,1129]" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, AM C.581912. Scale bar 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF82B15B519F9918F037F972" blockId="91.[645,1219,1180,1810]" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">
The anatomical differences previously noted between 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B502B993CF7E7FABD" box="[785,912,1324,1350]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B502B993CF7E7FABD" box="[785,912,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">S. freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B50F2993CF745FA91" authority="(Hyman &amp; Ponder, 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Hyman &amp; Ponder" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B50F2993CF055FABE" box="[968,1058,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">S. virens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF82B15B5708993CF75EFA91" author="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F." pageId="91" pageNumber="442" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref41527" refString="Hyman, I. T. &amp; Ponder, W. F. (2010) A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family. Zootaxa, 2462, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="2010">Hyman &amp; Ponder, 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
include a terminal rather than basal attachment of the penial retractor muscle to the caecum in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B50489988F787FA4A" box="[882,1008,1431,1458]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B50489988F787FA4A" box="[882,1008,1431,1458]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">S. freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The caecum is very short and quite rounded in this species, making it difficult to categorize the position of attachment. However, additional dissections have confirmed that the attachment is the same in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B502D9A5BF7EFF99E" box="[791,920,1611,1637]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B502D9A5BF7EFF99E" box="[791,920,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">S. freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B50EE9A5BF047F99E" baseAuthorityName="Hyman &amp; Ponder" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[980,1072,1611,1637]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B50EE9A5BF047F99E" box="[980,1072,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">S. virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is best described as medial, near the base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF25CBDEFF82B15B53589A5FF5E2F90C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343131" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8343131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343131/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" startId="91.[98,171,1615,1636]" targetBox="[98,608,1170,1590]" targetPageId="91" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF82B15B53589A5FF5E2F90C" blockId="91.[98,610,1614,1783]" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">
FIGURE 35 Shells of synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B529C9A5FF57BF97A" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B529C9A5FF57BF97A" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">Stanisicarion freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B52149A7CF672F97A" authority=", NHMUK" authorityName="NHMUK" box="[302,517,1644,1665]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B52149A7CF5DBF97A" box="[302,428,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">Vitrina inflata</emphasis>
, NHMUK
</taxonomicName>
1977079 (syntypes). B. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B52619A9AF648F964" authority=", NHMUK" authorityName="NHMUK" box="[347,575,1674,1695]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strangei">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B52619A9AF590F964" box="[347,487,1674,1695]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">Vitrina strangei</emphasis>
, NHMUK
</taxonomicName>
1983076 (syntypes). C. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B529D9AB7F55DF922" authority=", NHMUK" authorityName="NHMUK" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B529D9AB7F658F940" box="[423,559,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">Vitrina robusta</emphasis>
, NHMUK
</taxonomicName>
1926.9.1.63-73 (possible syntypes). All images NHMUK.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF82B15C519F9A82F79FFBF9" blockId="91.[645,1219,1180,1810]" lastBlockId="92.[676,1219,964,1810]" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF82B15B519F9A82F74FF956" author="Iredale, T." box="[677,824,1682,1709]" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref41645" refString="Iredale, T. (1937) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Part II. Aust. Zool., 9, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1937">Iredale (1937</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF82B15B507D9A83F701F956" author="Iredale, T." box="[839,886,1683,1709]" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref41676" refString="Iredale, T. (1941) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales - part III. Aust. Zool., 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF82B15B57359A83F6B4F92B" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="91" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B57359A83F6B4F92B" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">Vitrina robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54E125F4FF82B15B51EF9AA7F77FF92A" box="[725,776,1719,1745]" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">type</typeStatus>
locality Parramatta near Sydney, NSW) and 
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF82B15B502A9ACBF70FF90F" box="[784,888,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">V. inflata</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54E125F4FF82B15B50B49ACBF7B6F90E" box="[910,961,1755,1781]" pageId="91" pageNumber="442">type</typeStatus>
locality Sydney, NSW) as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C52A099F0F668FA02" box="[410,543,1503,1530]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C52A099F0F668FA02" box="[410,543,1503,1530]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">S. freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C515699F0F4ADF9E6" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strangei">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C515699F0F4ADF9E6" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V. strangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54E125F4FF85B15C53CA9A13F554F9E6" box="[240,291,1539,1565]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">type</typeStatus>
locality Brisbane, Qld) as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C52319A37F512F9BA" baseAuthorityName="Hyman &amp; Ponder" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[267,357,1575,1601]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C52319A37F512F9BA" box="[267,357,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">S. virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this was disregarded by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF85B15C53CB9A5BF50BF99E" author="Smith, B. J." box="[241,380,1611,1637]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref42820" refString="Smith, B. J. (1992) Non-marine Mollusca. In: W. W. K. Houston (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, pp. 1 - 408. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra." type="book chapter" year="1992">Smith (1992)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF85B15C528A9A5BF600F99E" author="Smith, B. J. &amp; Reid, S. &amp; Ponder, W. F." box="[432,631,1611,1637]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" refId="ref42864" refString="Smith, B. J., Reid, S. &amp; Ponder, W. F. (2002) Pulmonata. Australian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. ABRS. Available online: http: // www. environment. gov. au / biodiversity / abrs / online-resources / fauna / afd / taxa / pulmonata [Accessed on 28 August 2018]." type="url" year="2002">Smith et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, who listed 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C53C79A60F51DF972" box="[253,362,1647,1673]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C53C79A60F51DF972" box="[253,362,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with junior synonym 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C51579A60F4BEF956" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C51579A60F4BEF956" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V. inflata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C522A9A84F5F4F956" box="[272,387,1684,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strangei">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C522A9A84F5F4F956" box="[272,387,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V. strangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as accepted members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C539B9AA7F557F92B" baseAuthorityName="Hyman &amp; Ponder" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[161,288,1719,1744]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Fastosarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C539B9AA7F557F92B" box="[161,288,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">Fastosarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF85B15C52159AA7F662F92A" author="Stanisic, J. &amp; Shea, M. &amp; Potter, D. &amp; Griffiths, O." box="[303,533,1719,1745]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" refId="ref43055" refString="Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. &amp; Griffiths, O. (2010) Australian Land Snails. 1. A Field Guide to Eastern Australian Species. Bioculture Press, Riviere des Anguilles, Mauritius." type="book" year="2010">Stanisic et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
followed 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE6A7FF85B15C53BB9ACAF553F90E" author="Iredale, T." box="[129,292,1754,1781]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref41676" refString="Iredale, T. (1941) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales - part III. Aust. Zool., 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1941">Iredale’s (1941)</bibRefCitation>
lead regarding 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C52E39ACBF63CF90F" box="[473,587,1755,1780]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strangei">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C52E39ACBF63CF90F" box="[473,587,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V. strangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but did not include 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C50689FD5F7CBFC25" box="[850,956,964,990]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C50689FD5F7CBFC25" box="[850,956,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V.robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C50E49FD5F049FC25" box="[990,1086,964,990]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C50E49FD5F049FC25" box="[990,1086,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V. inflata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
either as synonyms or as valid species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF25CBDEFF85B15C519F9EF7F72FFC8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8343133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343133/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" startId="92.[677,750,743,764]" targetBox="[677,1186,191,716]" targetPageId="92" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF85B15C519F9EF7F02FFD07" blockId="92.[677,1179,742,881]" box="[677,1112,742,765]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">
FIGURE 37 Genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C50B59EF7F057FD07" authority=", MO" authorityName="MO" box="[911,1056,742,764]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C50B59EF7F783FD07" box="[911,1012,743,764]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">S. freycineti</emphasis>
, MO
</taxonomicName>
71655,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF85B15C50279F14F00CFCAE" blockId="92.[677,1179,742,881]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">Ingleburn. A. Reproductive system. Arrow shows the junction of the penis and epiphallus. B. Penis interior. Scale bars</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF85B15C50279F4CF72FFC8A" blockId="92.[677,1179,742,881]" box="[797,856,860,881]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">2 mm.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF85B15C51F9981CF05FFA91" blockId="92.[676,1219,964,1810]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">
Each of these three nominal species are medium-sized semislugs with subglobose shells of 3.2–3.8 whorls and each matches the dimensions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C50AE9868F06DFB69" box="[916,1050,1144,1170]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C50AE9868F06DFB69" box="[916,1050,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">S. freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(based on photographs of the 
<typeStatus id="54E125F4FF85B15C50BC988CF79FFB4D" box="[902,1000,1180,1206]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C572A988DF005FB4D" box="[1040,1138,1180,1206]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C572A988DF005FB4D" box="[1040,1138,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V. inflata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C519C98D1F76EFB21" box="[678,793,1217,1242]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strangei">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C519C98D1F76EFB21" box="[678,793,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V. strangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the original illustration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C57AA98D1F68FFB05" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C57AA98D1F68FFB05" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">V. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; fig. 37). The type localities are also located within the known distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C519F993CF751FABD" box="[677,806,1324,1350]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C519F993CF751FABD" box="[677,806,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">S. freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and therefore we treat all three names as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C509F9940F055FA92" box="[933,1058,1359,1386]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C509F9940F055FA92" box="[933,1058,1359,1386]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">S. freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF25CBDEFF85B15C53BA9883F63DFA8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343135" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8343135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343135/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" startId="92.[128,201,1171,1192]" targetBox="[130,641,189,1147]" targetPageId="92" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF85B15C53BA9883F63DFA8D" blockId="92.[128,634,1171,1398]" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">
FIGURE 36 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C53C39883F518FB53" authorityName="Hyman &amp; Ponder" authorityYear="2010" box="[249,367,1171,1192]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C53C39883F518FB53" box="[249,367,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">Stanisicarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
live images (Clade C). A. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C53C398A1F58CFB3D" authority=", Emu" authorityName="Emu" box="[249,507,1201,1222]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C53C398A1F5B1FB3D" box="[249,454,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">Stanisicarion freycineti</emphasis>
, Emu
</taxonomicName>
heights, Sydney (image J. Wradjan). B. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C52D398DEF5F9FAFA" authority=", AM C." authorityName="AM C." class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C52D398DEF53CFAFB" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">Stanisicarion freycineti</emphasis>
, AM C.
</taxonomicName>
506245, Oxley Wild Rivers NP. C. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C520E9919F590FAE6" box="[308,487,1288,1310]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C520E9919F590FAE6" box="[308,487,1288,1310]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">Stanisicarion aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, C.512654, Broken Head. D. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C52A89936F632FAC0" box="[402,581,1318,1339]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C52A89936F632FAC0" box="[402,581,1318,1339]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">Stanisicarion aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, C.512596, Mt Tamborine. E. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C52CF9953F545FA8E" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C52CF9953F545FA8E" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">Stanisicarion aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, C.269856, Cicada Glen Creek.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE59B56FF85B15D51F99963F536FE9C" blockId="92.[676,1219,964,1810]" lastBlockId="93.[98,610,190,359]" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">
The range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C50549964F785FA76" box="[878,1010,1395,1422]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C50549964F785FA76" box="[878,1010,1395,1422]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">S. freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now stretches from Sydney, NSW to Rockhampton in southeastern Qld (fig. 33). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C509999ACF0D4FA2E" box="[931,1187,1467,1494]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C509999ACF0D4FA2E" box="[931,1187,1467,1494]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">Stanisicarion freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
co-occurs with congeners 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C50D899CFF03FFA02" box="[994,1096,1503,1529]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C50D899CFF03FFA02" box="[994,1096,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">S. aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C57AA99CFF6AAF9E6" authorityName="Hyman &amp; Köhler" authorityYear="2019" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Stanisicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="wolvi">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C57AA99CFF6AAF9E6" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">S. wolvi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can distinguished from these species by its smaller size and more reduced shell with a lower whorl count and more expanded last whorl. It also co-occurs with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF85B15C57279A7FF0D3F972" box="[1053,1188,1647,1673]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Fastosarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosus">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF85B15C57279A7FF0D3F972" box="[1053,1188,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="443">F. papillosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
near the NSW / Qld border, but can be distinguished from this species by its reddish body colouration, its more expanded and rapidly descending last whorl and by the lack of a row of distinct pustules on the shell lappets. It can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE0D5FF84B15D52599D15F5A4FEE4" baseAuthorityName="Hyman &amp; Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[355,467,261,287]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="93" pageNumber="444" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4744FF84B15D52599D15F5A4FEE4" box="[355,467,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="444">Helicarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it also co-occurs, by its more globose shell and reddish foot-border.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>