493 lines
74 KiB
XML
493 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="17E110AF2224D60F1B29D1554108A8DA" ID-CLB-Dataset="51051" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171076" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0b16adeb-08bc-482d-b8c6-a61725c44bc7" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171076" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459718342656" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Migotto, Alvaro E. & Cabral, André S." docDate="2005" docId="03CF5361FF9BDB5B9C73FC80FBCFFF68" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00919.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 919" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Lafoeina amirantensis Millard & Bouillon 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFF62B19FF99DB539D7BFFCCFFA1FE36" masterDocTitle="Lafoeina amirantensis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Campanulinoidea), the hydroid stage of the medusa Cirrholovenia tetranema (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Lovenelloidea)" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698212122088" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2BADA02478677A196F54D3431B5B0EF5">Lafoeina amirantensis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Campanulinoidea), the hydroid stage of the medusa Cirrholovenia tetranema (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Lovenelloidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7DAD253792E312A65B3DB3B09F9B2E55">Migotto, Alvaro E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14F8438A6BD4105B3EA3F68425480DE3">Cabral, André S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="286953A45B4E7AE138795EA5626540E5">2005</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CF5361FF9BDB5B9C73FC80FBCFFF68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631087" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF5361FF9BDB5B9C73FC80FBCFFF68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF5361FF9BDB5B9C73FC80FBCFFF68" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C37CB1FCFF9BDB519C73FC80FDB9FDBF" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9BDB519C73FC80FCCCFD50" blockId="2.[264,877,844,905]" box="[264,877,844,870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D091551BFF9BDB519C73FC80FCCCFD50" bold="true" box="[264,877,844,870]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9BDB519C73FC80FCCCFD50" authority="Millard & Bouillon, 1973" authorityName="Millard & Bouillon" authorityYear="1973" box="[264,877,844,870]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
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<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9BDB519C73FC80FCCCFD50" bold="true" box="[264,877,844,870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9BDB519C73FC80FDB9FD50" bold="true" box="[264,536,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519F53FC80FCC4FD50" author="Millard" box="[552,869,844,870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" refString="Millard, N. A. H & Bouillon, J. (1973) Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika. Zoologische documentatie, 206, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard & Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9BDB519C73FCA3FDB9FDBF" blockId="2.[264,877,844,905]" box="[264,536,879,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9BDB519C6AFCA3FE20FDBF" box="[273,385,879,905]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[264,368,1687,1711]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionStartId-2="6.[264,367,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1323,718,1668]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1322,1277,1760]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1322,283,1479]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[264,1323,718,1669]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[264,1324,1277,1761]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1480]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Lafoeina amirantensis. A) Part of a colony on seaweed. Note the tiny nematophores (arrows). B) Detail of a nematophore with a bundle of undischarged microbasic mastigophores nematocysts. C) Planuloid. D) Hydranth and nematotheca. E – G) Hydrotheca, SEM preparations. E) Lateral view. Note longitudinal depressions along distal part. F) Operculum, oral view. G) Operculum, lateral view. Note that it is not segmented, but a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.02 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Lafoeina amirantensis. Nematocysts. A) Microbasic mastigophore of umbrella of newly released medusa. B) Atrichous isorhiza from polyp column. C) Basitrichous isorhiza from polyp tentacle. D) Basitrichous isorhiza from medusa tentacle. E) Atrichous isorhiza (arrows) from medusa tentacle bulb. F) Microbasic mastigophore from nematophore. Scale bar = 10 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Lafoeina amirantensis. A – E) Newly released medusae. A) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 2 cirri, oral view. B) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 6 marginal cirri, oral view, C) Detail of margin. Note the swelling where the perradial tentacle will be formed. D) Detail of margin. E) Detail of stomach and gonads, aboral view. F – H) 1 dayold medusae. Note the presence of 4 tentacles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171077/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171078/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/171079/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6E4D7CCFF9BDB519CF5FCA3FDAFFDBF" box="[398,526,879,905]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-2="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[264,352,287,311]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,352,1305,1329]" captionStartId-2="7.[264,352,725,749]" captionTargetBox-1="[267,1262,1402,1861]" captionTargetBox-2="[272,1301,788,1368]" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements and features of the polyp stage of Lafoeina amirantensis." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Distribution and measurements of undischarged nematocyst capsules of Lafoeina amirantensis." captionText-2="TABLE 3. Measurements and features of young medusae of Lafoeina amirantensis." httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF19B2FFFF9EDB549C73FD19FB28FCD8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid-1="DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65" tableUuid-2="DF19B2FFFF9EDB549C73FD19FB28FCD8">Tables 1–3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37CB1FCFF9BDB519C73FC73FD79FA63" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9BDB519C73FC73FCE3FDC3" blockId="2.[264,1323,958,1397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB76C559FF9BDB519C73FC73FCE3FDC3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9BDB519C73FC73FCCDFDE3" authority="Millard & Bouillon, 1973: 40" authorityName="Millard & Bouillon" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1973" box="[264,876,958,982]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Egmundella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
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<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9BDB519C73FC73FDBDFDE0" box="[264,540,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Egmundella amirantensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB519F5FFC72FCCDFDE3" author="Millard" box="[548,876,958,981]" page="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519F5FFC72FCE0FDE3" author="Millard" box="[548,833,958,981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" refString="Millard, N. A. H & Bouillon, J. (1973) Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika. Zoologische documentatie, 206, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard & Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 40
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB519E02FC72FBE8FDE3" author="Millard" box="[889,1097,958,981]" page="133" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1975">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519E02FC72FBB0FDE3" author="Millard" box="[889,1041,958,981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" refString="Millard, N. A. H (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South Africa Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 133
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB51992DFC72FE05FDC3" author="Gibbons" page="389" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB51992DFC72FED0FDC3" author="Gibbons" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Gibbons, M. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1989) Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. I. Athecata to Sertulariidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 27, 377 - 432." type="journal article" year="1989">Gibbons & Ryland, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 389
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</treatmentCitation>
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–390;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB519C9CFC12FCB5FDC3" author="Ramil" box="[487,788,990,1013]" page="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519C9CFC12FD4FFDC3" author="Ramil" box="[487,750,990,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" refString="Ramil, F & Vervoort, W. (1992) Report on the Hydroida collected by the " BALGIUM " expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 277, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil & Vervoort, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 22
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</treatmentCitation>
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–24.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9BDB519C73FC33FD79FA63" blockId="2.[264,1323,958,1397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB76C559FF9BDB519C73FC33FD79FA63" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9BDB519C73FC33FD60FA23" authority="Calder 1991a: 10" authorityName="Calder" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1991" box="[264,705,1022,1046]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
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<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9BDB519C73FC33FE59FA20" box="[264,504,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB519F7DFC32FD60FA23" author="Calder" box="[518,705,1022,1045]" page="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519F7DFC32FD3BFA23" author="Calder" box="[518,666,1022,1045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life sciences contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
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: 10
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB519FB6FC32FC05FA23" author="Calder" box="[717,932,1022,1045]" page="2068" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519FB6FC32FCC3FA23" author="Calder" box="[717,866,1022,1045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 b) Association between hydroid species assemblages and substrate types in the mangal at Twin Cays, Belize. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 2067 - 2074." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="b">Calder 1991b</bibRefCitation>
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: 2068
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB519ED4FC32FBD9FA23" author="Calder" box="[943,1144,1022,1045]" page="223" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519ED4FC32FBE2FA23" author="Calder" box="[943,1091,1022,1045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 c) Abundance and distribution of hydroids in a mangrove ecosystem at Twin Cays, Belize, Central America. Hydrobiologia, 216 / 217, 221 - 228." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="c">Calder 1991c</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 223
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB5199FFFC32FE06FA03" author="Nogueira" page="368" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB5199FFFC32FED0FA03" author="Nogueira" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" refString="Nogueira, C. C., Grohmann, P. A. & da Silva, V. M. A. P. (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA - Unidade 1) at Angra-dos-Reis, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. In: den Hartog J. C. (Ed) Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, pp. 365 - 369." type="book chapter" year="1997">
|
||
Nogueira
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9BDB519995FC33FA8AFA20" box="[1262,1323,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 368
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB519CC9FBD2FD6FFA03" author="Calder" box="[434,718,1054,1077]" page="73" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1998">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519CC9FBD2FD06FA03" author="Calder" box="[434,679,1054,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Calder, D. R. & Mayal, E. M. (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder & Maÿal, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 73
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Calder, 1998: 1852;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB519ECEFBD2FB4AFA03" author="Calder" box="[949,1259,1054,1077]" page="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519ECEFBD2FB62FA03" author="Calder" box="[949,1219,1054,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 319, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder & Vervoort, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB51998CFBD2FE1DFA63" author="Watson" page="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2000">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB51998CFBD2FE02FA63" author="Watson" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" refString="Watson, J. E. (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 16, 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="2000">Watson, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7C466FF9BDB519CB3FBF2FD74FA63" author="Calder" box="[456,725,1086,1110]" page="1180" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB519CB3FBF2FD33FA63" author="Calder" box="[456,658,1086,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Calder, D. R., Mallinson, J. J., Collins, K. & Hickman, C. P. (2003) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria) of the Galapagos, with a list of species from the islands. Journal of Natural History, 37, 1173 - 1218." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Calder
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9BDB519F6CFBF3FDECFA60" box="[535,589,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
|
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, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1180
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37CB1FCFF9BDB5B9C73FB92FBCFFF68" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9BDB519C73FB92FBCAFAA3" blockId="2.[264,1323,958,1397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="54DD5CD5FF9BDB519C73FB92FECEFA43" box="[264,367,1118,1141]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED777AB2FF9BDB519E7CFB92FCF7FA43" box="[775,854,1118,1141]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
2665,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9BDB519ED9FB93FE7AFAA3" authority="Millard & Bouillon, 1973" authorityName="Millard & Bouillon" authorityYear="1973" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Egmundella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9BDB519ED9FB93FB14FA40" box="[930,1205,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Egmundella amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9BDB5199C6FB92FE7AFAA3" author="Millard" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" refString="Millard, N. A. H & Bouillon, J. (1973) Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika. Zoologische documentatie, 206, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard & Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, colony on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9BDB519F2DFBB3FCD4FAA3" authority="Bosc" authorityName="Bosc" box="[598,885,1150,1174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9BDB519F2DFBB3FC85FAA0" box="[598,804,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dynamena disticha</emphasis>
|
||
(Bosc)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Amirante,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F371A2E7FF9BDB519E8AFBB2FBC6FAA3" box="[1009,1127,1150,1173]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9BDB519C73FB52FE3CFB43" blockId="2.[264,1323,958,1397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED777AB2FF9BDB519C98FB52FD9DFA83" box="[483,572,1182,1205]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1409,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5284B0FF9BDB519FF1FB52FCA1FA83" box="[650,768,1182,1205]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="9" value="-23.828167">23º49.69’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5284B0FF9BDB519E72FB52FC39FA83" box="[777,920,1182,1205]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="9" value="-45.412666">045º24.76’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Farol dos Moleques, São Sebastião,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F371A2E7FF9BDB519C43FB72FEDDFAE3" box="[312,380,1214,1237]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E4F92FF9BDB519CF0FB72FE68FAE3" box="[395,457,1214,1237]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5m</quantity>
|
||
, colony on calcareous algae,
|
||
<date id="FFD8C4B7FF9BDB519E63FB72FC40FAE3" box="[792,993,1214,1237]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2001-02-18">18 February 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED777AB2FF9BDB519E8BFB72FBE8FAE3" box="[1008,1097,1214,1237]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1410, same data as
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED777AB2FF9BDB519C43FB12FE30FAC3" box="[312,401,1246,1269]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1409, two 1dayold medusae,
|
||
<date id="FFD8C4B7FF9BDB519E7EFB12FC75FAC3" box="[773,980,1246,1269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2001-02-22">22 February 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED777AB2FF9BDB519E9DFB12FB9EFAC3" box="[998,1087,1246,1269]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1411, same data as
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED777AB2FF9BDB519C43FB32FE30FB23" box="[312,401,1278,1301]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1409, five 1dayold medusae,
|
||
<date id="FFD8C4B7FF9BDB519F92FB32FC0AFB23" box="[745,939,1278,1301]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2001-02-22">22 February 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED777AB2FF9BDB519EC3FB32FBB0FB23" box="[952,1041,1278,1301]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1412,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5284B0FF9BDB519927FB32FB13FB23" box="[1116,1202,1278,1301]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-23.766666">23º46’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5284B0FF9BDB5199C2FB32FA87FB23" box="[1209,1318,1278,1301]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-45.666668">045º40’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Praia da Baleia, São Sebastião,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F371A2E7FF9BDB519FF5FAD2FD73FB03" box="[654,722,1310,1333]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, colony on calcareous algae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9BDB51994CFAD3FB0AFB00" box="[1079,1195,1311,1334]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9BDB51994CFAD3FB0AFB00" box="[1079,1195,1311,1334]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E4F92FF9BDB5199A4FAD2FAA2FB03" box="[1247,1283,1310,1333]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD8C4B7FF9BDB51986BFAD2FE05FB63" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2001-07-16">16 July 2001</date>
|
||
; Praia de Barequeçaba, São Sebastião,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F371A2E7FF9BDB519E37FAF2FC31FB63" box="[844,912,1342,1365]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, colony on calcareous algae,
|
||
<date id="FFD8C4B7FF9BDB5199B5FAF2FE3BFB43" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-02-04">4 February 2002</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9BDB509C43FA6BFD62FCA8" blockId="2.[264,1325,1447,1873]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1324,284,670]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Description of polyp stage. Colonies with stolonal growth; perisarc smooth throughout, without annuli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9BDB519C87FA03FDE2FBDF" box="[508,579,1487,1513]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,718,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,718,1669]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lafoeina amirantensis. A) Part of a colony on seaweed. Note the tiny nematophores (arrows). B) Detail of a nematophore with a bundle of undischarged microbasic mastigophores nematocysts. C) Planuloid. D) Hydranth and nematotheca. E – G) Hydrotheca, SEM preparations. E) Lateral view. Note longitudinal depressions along distal part. F) Operculum, oral view. G) Operculum, lateral view. Note that it is not segmented, but a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171077/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrothecae and nematophores widely separated from each other, both arising directly from a branching and anastomosing hydrorhiza. Hydrorhiza 16–40 µm in diameter, without internal septa. Hydrotheca 110–250 µm high, 54–110 wide, thinwalled, smooth, tubular, without pedicel, constricted basally and slightly enlarged near base of operculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9BDB519FE3F9A3FD7AF8BF" box="[664,731,1647,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,718,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,718,1669]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lafoeina amirantensis. A) Part of a colony on seaweed. Note the tiny nematophores (arrows). B) Detail of a nematophore with a bundle of undischarged microbasic mastigophores nematocysts. C) Planuloid. D) Hydranth and nematotheca. E – G) Hydrotheca, SEM preparations. E) Lateral view. Note longitudinal depressions along distal part. F) Operculum, oral view. G) Operculum, lateral view. Note that it is not segmented, but a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171077/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E). Operculum thinwalled, not delimited from hydrotheca by a crease line; not segmented, a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself forming 10–14 pleats, becoming conical when hydranth retracts within hydrotheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9BDB519CE5F92BFE43F937" box="[414,482,1767,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,718,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,718,1669]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lafoeina amirantensis. A) Part of a colony on seaweed. Note the tiny nematophores (arrows). B) Detail of a nematophore with a bundle of undischarged microbasic mastigophores nematocysts. C) Planuloid. D) Hydranth and nematotheca. E – G) Hydrotheca, SEM preparations. E) Lateral view. Note longitudinal depressions along distal part. F) Operculum, oral view. G) Operculum, lateral view. Note that it is not segmented, but a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171077/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E–G). No visible difference between operculum and hydrotheca wall when hydranth extended. Hydranth extensile, 2.0–4.0 times higher than hydrotheca when fully extended, with 9–14 slender tentacles, no intertentacular web. Basitrichous isorhiza (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9ADB509C6AFED0FEF6FF00" box="[273,343,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1277,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1324,1277,1761]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lafoeina amirantensis. Nematocysts. A) Microbasic mastigophore of umbrella of newly released medusa. B) Atrichous isorhiza from polyp column. C) Basitrichous isorhiza from polyp tentacle. D) Basitrichous isorhiza from medusa tentacle. E) Atrichous isorhiza (arrows) from medusa tentacle bulb. F) Microbasic mastigophore from nematophore. Scale bar = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171078/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) capsules arranged in circular bands evenly spaced along the length of the tentacle; atrichous isorhiza (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9ADB509F67FE88FDC3FF68" box="[540,610,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1277,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1324,1277,1761]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lafoeina amirantensis. Nematocysts. A) Microbasic mastigophore of umbrella of newly released medusa. B) Atrichous isorhiza from polyp column. C) Basitrichous isorhiza from polyp tentacle. D) Basitrichous isorhiza from medusa tentacle. E) Atrichous isorhiza (arrows) from medusa tentacle bulb. F) Microbasic mastigophore from nematophore. Scale bar = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171078/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B) on body and tentacles. Tentacles amphicoronate, those of upper whorl 180–380 µm in length, held at 45–60º angles, longer than those of lower whorl (110–220 µm) which are held horizontally or slightly downward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9ADB50991BFE58FB03FF98" box="[1120,1186,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,718,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,718,1669]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lafoeina amirantensis. A) Part of a colony on seaweed. Note the tiny nematophores (arrows). B) Detail of a nematophore with a bundle of undischarged microbasic mastigophores nematocysts. C) Planuloid. D) Hydranth and nematotheca. E – G) Hydrotheca, SEM preparations. E) Lateral view. Note longitudinal depressions along distal part. F) Operculum, oral view. G) Operculum, lateral view. Note that it is not segmented, but a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171077/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Hypostome conical. Nematotheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9ADB509F23FE70FD3BFFE0" box="[600,666,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,718,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,718,1669]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lafoeina amirantensis. A) Part of a colony on seaweed. Note the tiny nematophores (arrows). B) Detail of a nematophore with a bundle of undischarged microbasic mastigophores nematocysts. C) Planuloid. D) Hydranth and nematotheca. E – G) Hydrotheca, SEM preparations. E) Lateral view. Note longitudinal depressions along distal part. F) Operculum, oral view. G) Operculum, lateral view. Note that it is not segmented, but a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171077/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B) 30–63 µm high, 15–32 µm in diameter, clubshaped, with a bundle of large, elongated microbasic mastigophore nematocysts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9ADB509909FE28FB1BFFC8" box="[1138,1210,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1277,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1324,1277,1761]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lafoeina amirantensis. Nematocysts. A) Microbasic mastigophore of umbrella of newly released medusa. B) Atrichous isorhiza from polyp column. C) Basitrichous isorhiza from polyp tentacle. D) Basitrichous isorhiza from medusa tentacle. E) Atrichous isorhiza (arrows) from medusa tentacle bulb. F) Microbasic mastigophore from nematophore. Scale bar = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171078/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F) inside. Hydranth column with basitrichous isorhiza, atrichous isorhiza, and scarce microbasic mastigophores identical with the ones present on nematophores. Gonothecae similar to hydrothecae. Character variation of polyp stage is presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E4D7CCFF9ADB509E85FD90FBF9FC40" box="[1022,1112,604,630]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,352,287,311]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements and features of the polyp stage of Lafoeina amirantensis." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Nematocyst size and distribution are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E4D7CCFF9ADB509F1EFD48FD1EFCA8" box="[613,703,644,670]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,352,1305,1329]" captionTargetBox="[267,1262,1402,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution and measurements of undischarged nematocyst capsules of Lafoeina amirantensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" tableUuid="DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF19B2FFFF9ADB509C73F95BFEDCF959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171077/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[264,1323,718,1668]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9ADB509C73F95BFEDCF959" blockId="3.[264,1324,1687,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9ADB509C73F95BFE2DF899" bold="true" box="[264,396,1687,1711]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9ADB509CEEF954FD27F899" box="[405,646,1688,1711]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9ADB509CEEF954FD27F899" box="[405,646,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A) Part of a colony on seaweed. Note the tiny nematophores (arrows). B) Detail of a nematophore with a bundle of undischarged microbasic mastigophores nematocysts. C) Planuloid. D) Hydranth and nematotheca. E–G) Hydrotheca, SEM preparations. E) Lateral view. Note longitudinal depressions along distal part. F) Operculum, oral view. G) Operculum, lateral view. Note that it is not segmented, but a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.02mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FED3FB25FF0E" box="[264,1156,286,312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C73FED3FB25FF0E" blockId="4.[264,1156,286,312]" box="[264,1156,286,312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9DDB579C73FED3FEDAFF01" bold="true" box="[264,379,287,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements and features of the polyp stage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9DDB579EF5FEECFBDCFF01" box="[910,1149,288,311]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9DDB579EF5FEECFBDCFF01" box="[910,1149,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579EC2FE92FB0BFF43" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[953,1194,350,373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">mean ± SD (range) (n)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C77FE47FE29FF94" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[268,392,395,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hydrotheca</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FE70FBCBFFE5" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1130,444,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Height from base to tip of operculum (m) 188.5 33.9 (110–250) (38)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FE26FBFFFC37" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1118,490,513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Height from base to margin (m) 148.5 34.5 (90–235) (33)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FDDBFBEEFC18" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1103,535,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9DDB579C62FDDBFE29FC18" box="[281,392,535,558]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Keratosum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">Maximum</taxonomicName>
|
||
diameter (m) 72.0 11.4 (54–110) (45)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FD89FB97FC6A" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1078,581,604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter at diaphragm (m) 41.9 8.5 (23–60) (27)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C77FDBCFED1FCB1" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[268,368,624,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hydranth</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FD6DFBD6FC8E" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1143,673,696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Height from diaphragm to tip of hypostome (m) 550.6 115.3 (415–740) (10)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FD03FB97FCD0" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1078,719,742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter of column (m) 36.0 5.4 (30–50) (14)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FD31FBF1FD22" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1104,765,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter at tentacular ring (m) 58.3 15.6 (42–100) (11)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FCE7FB94FD74" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1077,811,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter at diaphragm (m) 32.7 11.0 (20–40) (3)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FC9AFB89FD46" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1064,854,880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Height of hypostome 22.7 1.5 (20–24) (6)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FC48FC5EFDA8" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1023,900,926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Number of tentacles 11 1 (9–14) (21)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FC79FBCDFDFA" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1132,949,972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length of upward tentacles (m) 259.2 56.9 (180–380) (20)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FC2FFBCAFDCC" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1131,995,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length of downward tentacles (m) 158.5 33.8 (110–220) (20)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FBDDFBE2FA1E" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1091,1041,1064]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter of tentacles (m) 16.2 11.5 (10–50) (13)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C77FBF0FE38FA65" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[268,409,1084,1107]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nematotheca</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FBA0FB97FAB5" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1078,1132,1155]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Height (m) 44.0 7.8 (30–63) (25)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C62FB56FB97FA87" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[281,1078,1178,1201]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter (m) 18.8 3.7 (15–32) (25)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C77FB04FB97FAE9" blockId="4.[268,1194,350,1247]" box="[268,1078,1224,1247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter of hydrorhiza (m) 28.5 8.0 (16–40) (27)</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65" ID-Table-UUID="DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[267,1262,1402,1861]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65" blockId="4.[264,1322,1305,1363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9DDB579C73FAD5FE23FB07" bold="true" box="[264,386,1305,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution and measurements of undischarged nematocyst capsules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9DDB5799B7FAD5FE33FB65" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9DDB5799B7FAD5FE33FB65" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9DDB579FB8FAB7FB45F973" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<table id="F96610D7FF9D24AC9C70FAB6FB4FF973" box="[267,1262,1402,1861]" gridcols="3" gridrows="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9D24AC9C70FAB6FB4FFB82" box="[267,1262,1402,1460]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9D24AC9F09FAB6FC26FB82" box="[626,903,1402,1460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length (µm) mean ± SD (range) (n)</th>
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9D24AC9EABFAB6FB4FFB82" box="[976,1262,1402,1460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Width (µm) mean ± SD (range) (n)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9D24AC9C70FA07FB4FF81F" box="[267,1262,1483,1577]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9D24AC9C70FA07FDE0F81F" box="[267,577,1483,1577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hydranth Basitrichous isorhiza Atrichous isorhiza</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9D24AC9F09FA07FC26F81F" box="[626,903,1483,1577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5.9 0.4 (4.8–6.7) (164) 7.1 0.5 (5.9–8.6) (26)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9D24AC9EABFA07FB4FF81F" box="[976,1262,1483,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.3 0.2 (1.8–2.9) (164) 1.3 0.2 (1.1–1.7) (26)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9D24AC9C70F9F3FB4FF84A" box="[267,1262,1599,1660]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9D24AC9C70F9F3FDE0F84A" box="[267,577,1599,1660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nematophore Microbasic mastigophore</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9D24AC9F09F9F3FC26F84A" box="[626,903,1599,1660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">17.8 1.2 (16.5–19.9) (8)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9D24AC9EABF9F3FB4FF84A" box="[976,1262,1599,1660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.4 0.3 (3.1–3.8) (8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9D24AC9C70F95FFB4FF8E7" box="[267,1262,1683,1745]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9D24AC9C70F95FFDE0F8E7" box="[267,577,1683,1745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Medusa umbrella Microbasic mastigophore</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9D24AC9F09F95FFC26F8E7" box="[626,903,1683,1745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11.1 0.5 (10.4–11.6) (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9D24AC9EABF95FFB4FF8E7" box="[976,1262,1683,1745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.6 0.2 (3.4–4.0) (6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9D24AC9C70F92BFB4FF973" box="[267,1262,1767,1861]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9D24AC9C70F92BFDE0F973" box="[267,577,1767,1861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Medusa tentacle Basitrichous isorhiza Atrichous isorhiza</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9D24AC9F09F92BFC26F973" box="[626,903,1767,1861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6.2 0.5 (5.3–7.2) (32) 6.5 0.4 (6.0–6.7) (3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9D24AC9EABF92BFB4FF973" box="[976,1262,1767,1861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.1 0.2 (1.7–2.4) (32) 1.5 0.01 (1.51–1.52) (3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9CDB569C43FED0FCC4FD08" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Description of Medusa. Medusa released in immature condition, transparent, hemispherical, about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E4F92FF9CDB569CB2FE88FDF7FF68" box="[457,598,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, slightly wider than high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB569EBDFE88FBAAFF68" box="[966,1035,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1480]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lafoeina amirantensis. A – E) Newly released medusae. A) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 2 cirri, oral view. B) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 6 marginal cirri, oral view, C) Detail of margin. Note the swelling where the perradial tentacle will be formed. D) Detail of margin. E) Detail of stomach and gonads, aboral view. F – H) 1 dayold medusae. Note the presence of 4 tentacles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171079/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Mesoglea thin, without apical process and apical canal; exumbrella with scattered nematocysts (microbasic mastigophores,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB569CBEFE58FDAEFF98" box="[453,527,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1277,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1324,1277,1761]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lafoeina amirantensis. Nematocysts. A) Microbasic mastigophore of umbrella of newly released medusa. B) Atrichous isorhiza from polyp column. C) Basitrichous isorhiza from polyp tentacle. D) Basitrichous isorhiza from medusa tentacle. E) Atrichous isorhiza (arrows) from medusa tentacle bulb. F) Microbasic mastigophore from nematophore. Scale bar = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171078/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Radial canals four, simple and straight; circular canal narrow. Velum broad, aperture circular. Two opposed perradial marginal bulbs, pyriform or triangular, brownpigmented, with tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB569F92FE28FC91FFC8" box="[745,816,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1480]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lafoeina amirantensis. A – E) Newly released medusae. A) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 2 cirri, oral view. B) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 6 marginal cirri, oral view, C) Detail of margin. Note the swelling where the perradial tentacle will be formed. D) Detail of margin. E) Detail of stomach and gonads, aboral view. F – H) 1 dayold medusae. Note the presence of 4 tentacles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171079/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Other perradial bulbs inconspicuous or absent, a few nematocysts marking the site of the future tentacular bulb. Tentacles hollow, filiform, tapering gradually, with two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DD5CD5FF9CDB569FBAFDF8FD5EFC78" box="[705,767,564,590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of nematocysts: basitrichous isorhiza (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB5699BDFDF8FAAAFC78" box="[1222,1291,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1277,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1324,1277,1761]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lafoeina amirantensis. Nematocysts. A) Microbasic mastigophore of umbrella of newly released medusa. B) Atrichous isorhiza from polyp column. C) Basitrichous isorhiza from polyp tentacle. D) Basitrichous isorhiza from medusa tentacle. E) Atrichous isorhiza (arrows) from medusa tentacle bulb. F) Microbasic mastigophore from nematophore. Scale bar = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171078/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) and atrichous isorhiza (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB569F59FD90FDCAFC40" box="[546,619,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1277,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1324,1277,1761]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lafoeina amirantensis. Nematocysts. A) Microbasic mastigophore of umbrella of newly released medusa. B) Atrichous isorhiza from polyp column. C) Basitrichous isorhiza from polyp tentacle. D) Basitrichous isorhiza from medusa tentacle. E) Atrichous isorhiza (arrows) from medusa tentacle bulb. F) Microbasic mastigophore from nematophore. Scale bar = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171078/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Tentacle tip without terminal swelling. Four interradial statocysts, each with a single statolith (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB569FA3FD48FCBFFCA8" box="[728,798,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1480]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lafoeina amirantensis. A – E) Newly released medusae. A) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 2 cirri, oral view. B) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 6 marginal cirri, oral view, C) Detail of margin. Note the swelling where the perradial tentacle will be formed. D) Detail of margin. E) Detail of stomach and gonads, aboral view. F – H) 1 dayold medusae. Note the presence of 4 tentacles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171079/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D). With one or two marginal cirri on the sides of each statocyst (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB569F5BFD60FDC7FCF0" box="[544,614,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1480]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lafoeina amirantensis. A – E) Newly released medusae. A) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 2 cirri, oral view. B) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 6 marginal cirri, oral view, C) Detail of margin. Note the swelling where the perradial tentacle will be formed. D) Detail of margin. E) Detail of stomach and gonads, aboral view. F – H) 1 dayold medusae. Note the presence of 4 tentacles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171079/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D). Cirrus solid, with scattered nematocysts. Lateral cirri absent. Manubrium tubular, short, cruciform in crosssection. Mouth simple, with four oral lips. Stomach broad, quadrate; peduncle lacking (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB569E27FD30FC02FD20" box="[860,931,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1480]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lafoeina amirantensis. A – E) Newly released medusae. A) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 2 cirri, oral view. B) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 6 marginal cirri, oral view, C) Detail of margin. Note the swelling where the perradial tentacle will be formed. D) Detail of margin. E) Detail of stomach and gonads, aboral view. F – H) 1 dayold medusae. Note the presence of 4 tentacles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171079/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Four incipient gonads on the proximal portion of the radial canals, near stomach.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9CDB569C43FC80FC83FAF8" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Medusae grew relatively fast; some individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB569EF3FC80FC6EFD50" box="[904,975,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1480]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lafoeina amirantensis. A – E) Newly released medusae. A) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 2 cirri, oral view. B) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 6 marginal cirri, oral view, C) Detail of margin. Note the swelling where the perradial tentacle will be formed. D) Detail of margin. E) Detail of stomach and gonads, aboral view. F – H) 1 dayold medusae. Note the presence of 4 tentacles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171079/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G.) had doubled their size after one day. Noteworthy was the development of the other pair of opposed perradial tentacles, which at this stage were shorter and with smaller bulbs than the former two (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9CDB569980FC50FEB6FDE8" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1480]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lafoeina amirantensis. A – E) Newly released medusae. A) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 2 cirri, oral view. B) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 6 marginal cirri, oral view, C) Detail of margin. Note the swelling where the perradial tentacle will be formed. D) Detail of margin. E) Detail of stomach and gonads, aboral view. F – H) 1 dayold medusae. Note the presence of 4 tentacles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171079/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Tentacles reached
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E4F92FF9CDB569F6CFC08FDC8FDE8" box="[535,617,964,990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
when fully extended and cirri about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E4F92FF9CDB56996CFC08FBD4FDE8" box="[1047,1141,964,990]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The number of cirri remained variable, increasing in number (4–8). Exumbellar nematocysts were still present but fewer than in the newly liberated medusae. The gonads remained underdeveloped, but were more visible. The medusae did not accept the copepods and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9CDB5699F4FBF0FB4CFA63" box="[1167,1261,1084,1109]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Artemiidae" genus="Artemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9CDB5699F4FBF0FB4CFA63" box="[1167,1261,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Artemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nauplii offered and died a few days later; during this time no significant morphological changes were seen. Measurements of many young medusae are in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E4D7CCFF9CDB569951FB40FB24FA90" box="[1066,1157,1164,1190]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,352,725,749]" captionTargetBox="[272,1301,788,1368]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements and features of young medusae of Lafoeina amirantensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF19B2FFFF9EDB549C73FD19FB28FCD8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF19B2FFFF9EDB549C73FD19FB28FCD8">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Nematocysts size and distribution are presented on
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E4D7CCFF9CDB569FBFFB78FCBFFAF8" box="[708,798,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,352,1305,1329]" captionTargetBox="[267,1262,1402,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution and measurements of undischarged nematocyst capsules of Lafoeina amirantensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF19B2FFFF9DDB579C73FAD5FE38FB65">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF19B2FFFF9CDB569C73F923FB6BF958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171078/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[264,1322,1277,1760]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9CDB569C73F923FB6BF958" blockId="5.[264,1323,1775,1902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9CDB569C73F923FE2EF931" bold="true" box="[264,399,1775,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9CDB569CE7F93CFD31F931" box="[412,656,1776,1799]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9CDB569CE7F93CFD31F931" box="[412,656,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nematocysts. A) Microbasic mastigophore of umbrella of newly released medusa. B) Atrichous isorhiza from polyp column. C) Basitrichous isorhiza from polyp tentacle. D) Basitrichous isorhiza from medusa tentacle. E) Atrichous isorhiza (arrows) from medusa tentacle bulb. F) Microbasic mastigophore from nematophore. Scale bar = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF19B2FFFF9FDB559C73FA13FDB6F8B7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171079/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[264,1322,283,1479]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9FDB559C73FA13FDB6F8B7" blockId="6.[264,1323,1503,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9FDB559C73FA13FE2AFBC1" bold="true" box="[264,395,1503,1527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9FDB559CE8FA2CFD25FBC1" box="[403,644,1504,1527]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9FDB559CE8FA2CFD25FBC1" box="[403,644,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–E) Newly released medusae. A) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 2 cirri, oral view. B) Specimen with 2 tentacles and 6 marginal cirri, oral view, C) Detail of margin. Note the swelling where the perradial tentacle will be formed. D) Detail of margin. E) Detail of stomach and gonads, aboral view. F–H) 1dayold medusae. Note the presence of 4 tentacles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9FDB559C43F911FE75F959" blockId="6.[264,1323,1757,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Remarks. SEM images (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9FDB559F2EF911FD37F8C1" box="[597,662,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,718,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,718,1669]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lafoeina amirantensis. A) Part of a colony on seaweed. Note the tiny nematophores (arrows). B) Detail of a nematophore with a bundle of undischarged microbasic mastigophores nematocysts. C) Planuloid. D) Hydranth and nematotheca. E – G) Hydrotheca, SEM preparations. E) Lateral view. Note longitudinal depressions along distal part. F) Operculum, oral view. G) Operculum, lateral view. Note that it is not segmented, but a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171077/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E) revealed that the hydrothecal wall has shallow, longitudinal depressions extending from the base of operculum downward to approximately the middle of the hydrotheca. These features are, however, not seen under low or high power light microscopy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9EDB549C43FED0FC8EFFC8" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Medusae were liberated two and three days after their parent colonies were collected, respectively, at Farol dos Moleques in
|
||
<date id="FFD8C4B7FF9EDB549FA2FE88FC0FFF68" box="[729,942,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2001-02-18">18 February 2001</date>
|
||
and Praia de Barequeçaba on
|
||
<date id="FFD8C4B7FF9EDB549867FE88FE1AFFB0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2002-02-04">4 February 2002</date>
|
||
. On both occasions gonothecae were noticed only when empty, probably because they resemble hydrothecae in shape and size (as documented in the description and figures of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9EDB549CCEFE70FD57FFE0" author="Millard" box="[437,758,444,470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="15" refString="Millard, N. A. H & Bouillon, J. (1973) Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika. Zoologische documentatie, 206, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard and Bouillon 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Care was taken to ensure that other species of hydroids were not present in the culture bowls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9EDB549C43FDC0FB6BFCA8" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
After the pieces of colonies were tied on glass slides, the hydrorhiza grew along the glass substratum; a few days later ramifying sparingly and giving rise to new hydranths at regular intervals of about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E4F92FF9EDB549F4FFD90FD38FC40" box="[564,665,604,630]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Nematophores were scarce or even absent on some sections of the hydrorhiza and often they were covered by debris or unicellular algae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF19B2FFFF9EDB549C73FD19FB28FCD8" ID-Table-UUID="DF19B2FFFF9EDB549C73FD19FB28FCD8" box="[264,1161,724,750]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF19B2FFFF9EDB549C73FD19FB28FCD8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[272,1301,788,1368]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9EDB549C73FD19FB28FCD8" blockId="7.[264,1161,724,750]" box="[264,1161,724,750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9EDB549C73FD19FEDAFCDB" bold="true" box="[264,379,725,749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements and features of young medusae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9EDB549EE8FD1AFB23FCDB" box="[915,1154,726,749]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9EDB549EE8FD1AFB23FCDB" box="[915,1154,726,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9EDB549FA8FCD8FB3FFB6E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<table id="F96610D7FF9E24AC9C6BFCD8FAB4FB6E" box="[272,1301,788,1368]" gridcols="3" gridrows="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFCD8FAB4FD75" box="[272,1301,788,835]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FCD8FC78FD75" box="[714,985,788,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Newly liberated medusae mean ± SD (range) (n)</th>
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFCD8FAB4FD75" box="[1028,1301,788,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1dayold medusae mean ± SD (range) (n)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFC90FAB4FD47" box="[272,1301,860,881]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9C6BFC90FD33FD47" box="[272,658,860,881]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Height of bell (m)</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FC90FC78FD47" box="[714,985,860,881]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">315.4 58.6 (227–376) (7)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFC90FAB4FD47" box="[1028,1301,860,881]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">492.5 127.8 (280–700) (8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFC45FAB4FDA8" box="[272,1301,905,926]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9C6BFC45FD33FDA8" box="[272,658,905,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9EDB549C6BFC45FED5FDA8" box="[272,372,905,926]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Keratosum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">Maximum</taxonomicName>
|
||
diameter of bell (m)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FC45FC78FDA8" box="[714,985,905,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">383.7 53.0 (313–462) (7)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFC45FAB4FDA8" box="[1028,1301,905,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">572.5 104.2 (400–680) (8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFC7AFAB4FDFD" box="[272,1301,950,971]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9C6BFC7AFD33FDFD" box="[272,658,950,971]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thickness of mesoglea (m)</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FC7AFC78FDFD" box="[714,985,950,971]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">21.1 10.0 (10–39) (7)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFC7AFAB4FDFD" box="[1028,1301,950,971]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">35.0 9.3 (20–40) (8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFC28FAB4FDCF" box="[272,1301,996,1017]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9C6BFC28FD33FDCF" box="[272,658,996,1017]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diameter of subumbrellar aperture (m)</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FC28FC78FDCF" box="[714,985,996,1017]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">123.0 40.5 (70–203) (8)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFC28FAB4FDCF" box="[1028,1301,996,1017]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">200.0 52.2 (100–240) (8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFBDDFAB4FA10" box="[272,1301,1041,1062]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9C6BFBDDFD33FA10" box="[272,658,1041,1062]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Height of manubrium (m)</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FBDDFC78FA10" box="[714,985,1041,1062]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">133.9 26.8 (94–164) (7)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFBDDFAB4FA10" box="[1028,1301,1041,1062]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">120.0 24.3 (100–160) (8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFBF0FAB4FAB7" box="[272,1301,1084,1153]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9C6BFBF0FD33FAB7" box="[272,658,1084,1153]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diameter of manubrium (m) Diameter of radial canals (m)</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FBF0FC78FAB7" box="[714,985,1084,1153]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">66.6 12.5 (47–86) (8) 21.9 5.5 (15–31) (7)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFBF0FAB4FAB7" box="[1028,1301,1084,1153]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">– –</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFB5BFAB4FA98" box="[272,1301,1175,1198]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9C6BFB5BFD33FA98" box="[272,658,1175,1198]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diameter of statocyst (m)</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FB5BFC78FA98" box="[714,985,1175,1198]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">28.8 1.5 (26–30) (8)</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFB5BFAB4FA98" box="[1028,1301,1175,1198]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">30.0 (2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFB08FAB4FB35" box="[272,1301,1220,1283]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9C6BFB08FD33FB35" box="[272,658,1220,1283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Number of tentacles Number of radial canals</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FB08FC78FB35" box="[714,985,1220,1283]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2 4</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFB08FAB4FB35" box="[1028,1301,1220,1283]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4 4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3556E035FF9E24AC9C6BFAD5FAB4FB6E" box="[272,1301,1305,1368]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76878949FF9E24AC9C6BFAD5FD33FB6E" box="[272,658,1305,1368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Number of statocysts Number of cirri</th>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC9FB1FAD5FC78FB6E" box="[714,985,1305,1368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4 2–7</td>
|
||
<td id="76878949FF9E24AC997FFAD5FAB4FB6E" box="[1028,1301,1305,1368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4 4–8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9EDB549C43FA5FFECDF8DB" blockId="7.[264,1323,1427,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
In one of the cultures, the terminal regions of the hydrorhizae gave rise to free planuloids or frustules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135DFEF2FF9EDB549C98FA77FD89FBE3" box="[483,552,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,718,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,718,1669]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lafoeina amirantensis. A) Part of a colony on seaweed. Note the tiny nematophores (arrows). B) Detail of a nematophore with a bundle of undischarged microbasic mastigophores nematocysts. C) Planuloid. D) Hydranth and nematotheca. E – G) Hydrotheca, SEM preparations. E) Lateral view. Note longitudinal depressions along distal part. F) Operculum, oral view. G) Operculum, lateral view. Note that it is not segmented, but a continuation of the hydrothecal wall which folds upon itself. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171077/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). These planulalike bodies were flattened, 400–800 µm long, 50–75 µm wide, and had the same nematocyst
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DD5CD5FF9EDB549E56FA2FFCCAFBCB" box="[813,875,1507,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">types</typeStatus>
|
||
as polyps (microbasic mastigophores, basitrichous isorhizas, and atrichous isorhizas). Planuloids lacked external cilia and crept over the glass surface by means of peristaltic waves. Three to four days after release, some planuloids stopped moving, settled onto their sides, and secreted a perisarc. Within about 12 h, primary hydranths with 8–10 tentacles were formed. Additional hydranths (up to three were observed) appeared singly from unbranched hydrorhiza. Nematophores did not develop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF9EDB549C43F937FA89F953" blockId="7.[264,1323,1427,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The process of formation of planuloids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9EDB549E28F930FBB0F923" box="[851,1041,1788,1813]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9EDB549E28F930FBB0F923" box="[851,1041,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to the ones reported for, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9EDB549C98F8E8FD98F90B" box="[483,569,1828,1853]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Coryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9EDB549C98F8E8FD98F90B" box="[483,569,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9EDB549F08F8EFFCA6F90B" author="Berrill" box="[627,775,1827,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1953) Growth and form in gymnoblastic hydroids. VII. Growth and reproduction in Syncoryne and Coryne. Journal of Morphology, 92 (2), 273 - 302." type="journal article" year="1953">Berrill 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6699F4FF9EDB549E30F8E8FC3AF90B" box="[843,923,1828,1853]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9123E65FF9EDB549E30F8E8FC3AF90B" box="[843,923,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Obelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9EDB549EAEF8EFFBD5F90B" author="Allman" box="[981,1140,1827,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13" refString="Allman, G. J. (1871) On a mode of reproduction of spontaneous fission in the hydroids. Quarterly Journal of microscopical science, n. s., 11, 18 - 21." type="journal article" year="1871">Allman 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and is usually elicited as a response to rapid changes in temperature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9EDB549ED7F887FBE3F953" author="Berrill" box="[940,1090,1867,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1953) Growth and form in gymnoblastic hydroids. VII. Growth and reproduction in Syncoryne and Coryne. Journal of Morphology, 92 (2), 273 - 302." type="journal article" year="1953">Berrill 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF79F86FF9EDB549929F887FABAF953" author="Panteleeva" box="[1106,1307,1867,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="15" refString="Panteleeva, N. N. (1999) Obelia longissima (Pallas, 1766) and Obelia geniculata (L., 1758) (Hydrozoa, Thecaphora, Campanulariidae) in the Barents Sea. Morphology, distribution, ecology and special life history features. Zoosystematica Rossica, suppl. 1, 51 - 65." type="journal article" year="1999">Panteleeva 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9E277FF91DB5B9C73FED0FBCFFF68" blockId="8.[264,1322,284,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Although with limited means of locomotion which results in settlement near the parent colony, the planuloids increase the possibilities of dispersal of the species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |