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<mods:title id="E6C218A9FED76962FC00975274502546">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A3D36A624A33D61FF710C1372F8A760">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0542EF0EBD9D57B3F4E0C506B51DBD24">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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Discussion, 
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFBD9645247CF974" bold="true" box="[454,618,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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This paper completes our treatment of 
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incertae sedis. We have treated this assembly of genera in five parts: dicotyledon feeders (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF85B116CFB596D224C9F9EE" author="Cock" box="[462,735,1193,1218]" pageId="37" pageNumber="245" refString="Cock, M. J. W. &amp; Congdon, T. C. E. (2013) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon feeders. Zootaxa, 3724 (1), 1 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3724.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Cock &amp; Congdon 2013</bibRefCitation>
), palm feeders (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF85B116CDE396D2224BF9EE" author="Cock" box="[920,1117,1193,1218]" pageId="37" pageNumber="245" refString="Cock, M. J. W. &amp; Congdon, T. C. E. (2013) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon feeders. Zootaxa, 3724 (1), 1 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3724.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Cock 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CDA696D12207F9EE" box="[989,1041,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
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), grass and bamboo feeders (Cock &amp; Congdon 2014), 
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFC196B5243CF9C9" box="[442,554,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Dracaena</emphasis>
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feeders (Cock 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CCA996B5251CF9CA" box="[722,778,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
2015) and 
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feeders (this paper). The 37 genera treated and their food plant families are summarised in 
<tableCitation id="C6AD5CEEFF85B116CD7A968A2540F826" box="[769,854,1265,1290]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="37.[151,239,1373,1396]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1423,1986]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of the genera of Hesperiinae incertae sedis and their food plant families." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5039DDFF85B116CEEC97262295F858" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" tableUuid="DF5039DDFF85B116CEEC97262295F858">Table 2</tableCitation>
, leaving only 11 genera for which nothing is known of the food plants or life history.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEEC97262715F858" bold="true" box="[151,259,1373,1396]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Summary of the genera of 
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CCCF9726251DF858" box="[692,779,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">incertae</emphasis>
sedis and their food plant families.
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<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE497F4277AF8FE" box="[159,364,1423,1490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Genus (species)</th>
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCFD297F42429F8FE" box="[425,575,1423,1490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Evans’ Genera Group</th>
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC0397F42236F8FE" box="[632,1056,1423,1490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Food plant families1</th>
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA2397F42382F8FE" box="[1112,1428,1423,1490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Stages documented2 Ovum Caterpillar Pupa</th>
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE4979E26FDF8D7" box="[159,235,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Acleros</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD2979E27E3F8D7" box="[425,501,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Acleros</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC03979E24CBF8D7" box="[632,733,1509,1531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CC03979E24CBF8D7" bold="true" box="[632,733,1509,1531]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Fabaceae</emphasis>
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, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC91979E2597F8D7" box="[746,897,1509,1531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CDF0979E2236F8D7" box="[907,1056,1509,1531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malpighiaceae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA23979E2382F8D7" box="[1112,1428,1509,1531]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">+++ +++ +++</td>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE494752708FB08" box="[159,286,1550,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE494752708FB08" box="[159,286,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Andronymus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD2947527E3FB08" box="[425,501,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Acleros</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC03947524CBFB08" box="[632,733,1550,1572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CC03947524CBFB08" bold="true" box="[632,733,1550,1572]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Fabaceae</emphasis>
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, 
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CC9194752567FB08" bold="true" box="[746,881,1550,1572]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Sapindaceae</emphasis>
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<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA2394752382FB08" box="[1112,1428,1550,1572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">+++ +++ +++</td>
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<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE4944C277AFB61" box="[159,364,1591,1613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE4944C2707FB61" box="[159,273,1591,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE4944C2707FB61" box="[159,273,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Hypoleucis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CFD2944C27E3FB61" box="[425,501,1591,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD2944C27E3FB61" box="[425,501,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Acleros</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC03944C24F2FB61" box="[632,740,1591,1613]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CC03944C24F2FB61" bold="true" box="[632,740,1591,1613]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Costaceae</emphasis>
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<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA23944C2382FB61" box="[1112,1428,1591,1613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">+++ +++</td>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE4941926C0FB5B" box="[159,214,1634,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Meza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE4941926C0FB5B" box="[159,214,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Meza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CE9F9419275DFB5B" box="[228,331,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">sensu lato</emphasis>
)
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD2941A27E3FB5B" box="[425,501,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Acleros</emphasis>
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</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC03941A2236FB5B" box="[632,1056,1633,1655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC03941A24CFFB5B" box="[632,729,1633,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC98941A2557FB5B" box="[739,833,1633,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Linaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Linaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CD30941A25E7FB5B" box="[843,1009,1633,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dichapetalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dichapetalaceae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA23941A2382FB5B" box="[1112,1428,1633,1655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">+ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF854ECCCEE494F12382FB8C" box="[159,1428,1674,1696]" gridrow="5" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE494F1277AFB8C" box="[159,364,1674,1696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE494F026C0FB8C" box="[159,214,1675,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Meza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE494F026C0FB8C" box="[159,214,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Meza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CE9F94F02772FB8C" box="[228,356,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">sensu stricto</emphasis>
)
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCFD294F12429FB8C" box="[425,575,1674,1696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CFD294F127E3FB8C" box="[425,501,1674,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD294F127E3FB8C" box="[425,501,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Acleros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC0394F12236FB8C" box="[632,1056,1674,1696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC0394F024DDFB8C" box="[632,715,1675,1696]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF854ECCCEE494CF2382FBE6" box="[159,1428,1716,1738]" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE494CF277AFBE6" box="[159,364,1716,1738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE494CE2704FBE6" box="[159,274,1717,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Paronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE494CE2704FBE6" box="[159,274,1717,1738]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Paronymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCFD294CF2429FBE6" box="[425,575,1716,1738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CFD294CF27E3FBE6" box="[425,501,1716,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD294CF27E3FBE6" box="[425,501,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Acleros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC0394CF2236FBE6" box="[632,1056,1716,1738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CC0394CF24ECFBE6" bold="true" box="[632,762,1716,1738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Dicotyledon</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA2394CF2382FBE6" box="[1112,1428,1716,1738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF854ECCCEE494A62382FBDF" box="[159,1428,1757,1779]" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE494A6277AFBDF" box="[159,364,1757,1779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE494A526E3FBDF" box="[159,245,1758,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gorgyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE494A526E3FBDF" box="[159,245,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Gorgyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCFD294A62429FBDF" box="[425,575,1757,1779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CFD294A52416FBDF" box="[425,512,1758,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ampittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD294A52416FBDF" box="[425,512,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Ampittia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC0394A62236FBDF" box="[632,1056,1757,1779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC0394A62510FBDF" box="[632,774,1757,1779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Connaraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CC0394A62510FBDF" bold="true" box="[632,774,1757,1779]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Connaraceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CD7694A625A5FBDF" box="[781,947,1757,1779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dichapetalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dichapetalaceae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA2394A62382FBDF" box="[1112,1428,1757,1779]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">+++ +++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF854ECCCEE4957D2382FA30" box="[159,1428,1798,1820]" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE4957D277AFA30" box="[159,364,1798,1820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE4957D26EFFA30" box="[159,249,1798,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE4957D26EFFA30" box="[159,249,1798,1820]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Kedestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCFD2957D2429FA30" box="[425,575,1798,1820]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CFD2957C2416FA30" box="[425,512,1799,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ampittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD2957C2416FA30" box="[425,512,1799,1820]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Ampittia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC03957D2236FA30" box="[632,1056,1798,1820]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC03957D24D9FA30" box="[632,719,1798,1820]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CC03957D24D9FA30" bold="true" box="[632,719,1798,1820]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Poaceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA23957D2382FA30" box="[1112,1428,1798,1820]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">+++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF854ECCCEE4954B2382FA6A" box="[159,1428,1840,1862]" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE4954B277AFA6A" box="[159,364,1840,1862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE4954B2708FA6A" box="[159,286,1840,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Prosopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE4954B2708FA6A" box="[159,286,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Prosopalpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCFD2954B2429FA6A" box="[425,575,1840,1862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CFD2954A2416FA6A" box="[425,512,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ampittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD2954A2416FA6A" box="[425,512,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Ampittia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC03954B2236FA6A" box="[632,1056,1840,1862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC03954B24D9FA6A" box="[632,719,1840,1862]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CC03954B24D9FA6A" bold="true" box="[632,719,1840,1862]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Poaceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA23954B2382FA6A" box="[1112,1428,1840,1862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF854ECCCEE495222382FA43" box="[159,1428,1881,1903]" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE49522277AFA43" box="[159,364,1881,1903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE495212733FA43" box="[159,293,1882,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE495212733FA43" box="[159,293,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Astictopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCFD295222429FA43" box="[425,575,1881,1903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CFD295212438FA43" box="[425,558,1882,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD295212438FA43" box="[425,558,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Astictopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC0395222236FA43" box="[632,1056,1881,1903]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC03952224D9FA43" box="[632,719,1881,1903]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CC03952224D9FA43" bold="true" box="[632,719,1881,1903]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Poaceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA2395222382FA43" box="[1112,1428,1881,1903]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">+++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF854ECCCEE495F92382FAB4" box="[159,1428,1922,1944]" gridrow="11" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE495F9277AFAB4" box="[159,364,1922,1944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE495F926FDFAB4" box="[159,235,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE495F926FDFAB4" box="[159,235,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Lepella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCFD295F92429FAB4" box="[425,575,1922,1944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CFD295F82438FAB4" box="[425,558,1923,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD295F82438FAB4" box="[425,558,1923,1944]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Astictopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC0395F92236FAB4" box="[632,1056,1922,1944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC0395F824DDFAB4" box="[632,715,1923,1944]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF854ECCCEE495D72382FAEE" box="[159,1428,1964,1986]" gridrow="12" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<th id="76CE026BFF854ECCCEE495D7277AFAEE" box="[159,364,1964,1986]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CEE495D626FFFAEE" box="[159,233,1965,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tsitana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CEE495D626FFFAEE" box="[159,233,1965,1986]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Tsitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCFD295D72429FAEE" box="[425,575,1964,1986]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CFD295D72438FAED" box="[425,558,1964,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CFD295D72438FAED" box="[425,558,1964,1985]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Astictopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCC0395D72236FAEE" box="[632,1056,1964,1986]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF85B116CC0395D624DDFAEE" box="[632,715,1965,1986]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF854ECCCA2395D72382FAEE" box="[1112,1428,1964,1986]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">+ + +</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF85B116CA2595AE2382FAC7" blockId="37.[1118,1428,2005,2027]" box="[1118,1428,2005,2027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF85B116CA2595AE2382FAC7" box="[1118,1428,2005,2027]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5039DDFF86B115CEE492DB279BFD9A" ID-Table-UUID="DF5039DDFF86B115CEE492DB279BFD9A" box="[159,397,160,182]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5039DDFF86B115CEE492DB279BFD9A" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" targetBox="[159,1410,201,1551]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="8B906955FF86B115CEE492DB279BFD9A" blockId="38.[159,397,160,182]" box="[159,397,160,182]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE492DB271AFD9A" bold="true" box="[159,268,160,182]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF86B115CEE492B2237FFB23" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<table id="F92F9BF5FF864ECCCEE492B22394FB23" box="[159,1410,201,1551]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE492B22394FC71" box="[159,1410,201,349]" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE492B22761FC71" box="[159,375,201,349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
Genus (species) 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4936526F1FC71" box="[159,231,286,349]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4936526F6FC18" box="[159,224,286,308]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acada</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4933C26F1FC71" box="[159,231,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ankola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ankola</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD292B22429FC71" box="[425,575,201,349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
Evans’ Genera Group 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD293652409FC71" authority="Ceratrichia" authorityName="Ceratrichia" box="[425,543,286,349]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD293652409FC71" box="[425,543,286,349]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Ceratrichia Ceratrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC0392B2222FFC71" box="[632,1081,201,349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
Food plant families1 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC03936524D9FC71" bold="true" box="[632,733,286,349]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03936524CBFC18" box="[632,733,286,308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03933C24D9FC71" box="[632,719,327,349]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA2392B22331FC71" box="[1112,1319,201,349]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Stages documented2 Ovum Caterpillar +++ +++</th>
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB3492B22394FC71" box="[1359,1410,201,349]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Pupa +++ +++</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE4930A2394FC9C" box="[159,1410,369,432]" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4930A2409FC9C" box="[159,543,369,432]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE4930A2761FC9C" box="[159,375,369,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4930A26EAFC9C" box="[159,277,369,432]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4930A2703FCAB" box="[159,277,369,391]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ceratrichia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE493E126EAFC9C" box="[159,252,410,432]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Osmodes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD2930A2429FC9C" box="[425,575,369,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2930A2409FC9C" authority="Ceratrichia" authorityName="Ceratrichia" box="[425,543,369,432]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD2930A2409FC9C" box="[425,543,369,432]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Ceratrichia Ceratrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</emphasis>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC03930A222FFC9C" box="[632,1081,369,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC03930A2510FC9C" bold="true" box="[632,774,369,432]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03930A24D9FCAB" box="[632,719,369,391]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0393E12510FC9C" box="[632,774,410,432]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA23930A2331FC9C" box="[1112,1319,369,432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++ ++</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB34930A2394FC9C" box="[1359,1410,369,432]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE493BF2394FF79" box="[159,1410,452,597]" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE493BF2409FF79" box="[159,543,452,597]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE493BF2761FF79" box="[159,375,452,597]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE493BF2701FF79" box="[159,305,452,597]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE493BF2708FCF6" box="[159,286,452,474]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pardaleodes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE49396270AFF2F" box="[159,284,493,515]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parosmodes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4906D2727FF00" box="[159,305,534,556]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rhabdomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhabdomantis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE490442701FF79" box="[159,279,575,597]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Teniorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Teniorhinus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD293BF2429FF79" box="[425,575,452,597]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD293BF2409FF79" authority="Ceratrichia Ceratrichia Ceratrichia" authorityName="Ceratrichia Ceratrichia Ceratrichia" box="[425,543,452,597]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD293BF2409FF79" box="[425,543,452,597]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Ceratrichia Ceratrichia Ceratrichia Ceratrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</emphasis>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC0393BF222FFF79" box="[632,1081,452,597]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC0393BF2505FF2F" bold="true" box="[632,787,452,515]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0393BF24D9FCF6" box="[632,719,452,474]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0393962505FF2F" box="[632,787,493,515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CD5A939625ABFF2F" box="[801,957,493,515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Phyllanthaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CDBD93962510FF00" bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CDBD9396222FFF2F" box="[966,1081,493,515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03906D2510FF00" box="[632,774,534,556]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03904424C0FF79" box="[632,726,575,597]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA2393BF2331FF79" box="[1112,1319,452,597]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++ +++</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB3493BF2394FF79" box="[1359,1410,452,597]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE490122394FFD1" box="[159,1410,617,765]" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE490122761FFD1" box="[159,375,617,765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE490122766FF87" box="[159,368,617,683]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE490122708FF53" box="[159,286,617,639]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xanthodisca</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE490EE2766FF87" box="[159,368,661,683]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrape">Xanthodisca astrape</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
3 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE490C42707FFD1" authority="Melphinyet" authorityName="Melphinyet" box="[159,273,703,765]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE490C42707FFD1" box="[159,273,703,765]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Fresna Melphinyet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD290122429FFD1" box="[425,575,617,765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD290122416FFD1" box="[425,512,617,765]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2901227EAFF53" box="[425,508,617,639]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD290E927EAFF84" box="[425,508,658,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD290C42416FFF8" box="[425,512,703,724]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gegenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gegenes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD290932416FFD1" box="[425,512,744,765]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gegenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gegenes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC039012222FFFD1" box="[632,1081,617,765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0390122507FF53" box="[632,785,617,639]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC0390122507FF53" bold="true" box="[632,785,617,639]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Zingiberaceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0390E824EFFF84" box="[632,761,659,680]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0390C524CFFFF8" box="[632,729,702,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC9890C52577FFF8" box="[739,865,702,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03909C250DFFD1" box="[632,795,743,765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC03909C250DFFD1" bold="true" box="[632,795,743,765]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Euphorbiaceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA2390122331FFD1" box="[1112,1319,617,765]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ + + + +++</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB3490122394FFD1" box="[1359,1410,617,765]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ + +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE4916A2394FE55" box="[159,1410,785,889]" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4916A27EAFE55" box="[159,529,785,889]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE4916A2761FE55" box="[159,375,785,889]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4916A26EAFE55" box="[159,286,785,889]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4916A2708FE0B" box="[159,286,785,807]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Platylesches</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4914026EFFE7C" box="[159,249,827,848]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Erionota</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4911F26EAFE55" box="[159,252,868,889]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Artitropa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD2916A2429FE55" box="[425,575,785,889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD2916927EAFE55" box="[425,529,786,889]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD291692416FE0B" box="[425,512,786,807]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gegenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gegenes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD291412407FE7C" box="[425,529,826,848]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Plastingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plastingia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2911827EAFE55" box="[425,508,867,889]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
</emphasis>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC03916A222FFE55" box="[632,1081,785,889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC03916A2518FE55" bold="true" box="[632,830,785,889]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03916A2528FE0B" box="[632,830,785,807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chrysobalanaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03914124F5FE7C" box="[632,739,826,848]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0391182518FE55" box="[632,782,867,889]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA23916A2331FE55" box="[1112,1319,785,889]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++ + +++ +++ +++</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB34916A2394FE55" box="[1359,1410,785,889]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE491F62394FED9" box="[159,1410,909,1013]" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE491F62761FED9" box="[159,375,909,1013]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE491F626EBFE8F" box="[159,253,909,931]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE491F626EBFE8F" box="[159,253,909,931]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Caenides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CF7791F62759FE8F" box="[268,335,909,931]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacela">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CF7791F62759FE8F" box="[268,335,909,931]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">dacela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE491CD26EBFEE0" box="[159,253,950,972]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE491CD26EBFEE0" box="[159,253,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Caenides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CF7791CD2743FEE0" box="[268,341,950,972]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacena">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CF7791CD2743FEE0" box="[268,341,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">dacena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE491A427EAFED9" box="[159,508,909,1013]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE491A4273EFED9" box="[159,296,991,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE491A4273EFED9" box="[159,296,991,1013]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Chondrolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD291F62429FED9" box="[425,575,909,1013]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD291F627EAFED9" box="[425,508,909,1013]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD291F627EAFE8F" box="[425,508,909,931]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD291CD27EAFEE0" box="[425,508,950,972]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD291A427EAFED9" box="[425,508,991,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC0391F6222FFED9" box="[632,1081,909,1013]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC0391F624D9FED9" bold="true" box="[632,743,909,1013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0391F624F1FE8F" box="[632,743,909,931]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0391CD24F2FEE0" box="[632,740,950,972]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Costaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0391A424D9FED9" box="[632,719,991,1013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA2391F62331FED9" box="[1112,1319,909,1013]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">++ +++ +++ +++</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB3491F62394FED9" box="[1359,1410,909,1013]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE496722394F964" box="[159,1410,1033,1096]" gridrow="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE496722761F964" box="[159,375,1033,1096]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4967126F0F964" box="[159,230,1034,1096]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4967126F2F933" box="[159,228,1034,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gamia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4964826F0F964" box="[159,230,1075,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gretna</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CE8F96492752F964" box="[244,324,1074,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balenge">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CE8F96492752F964" box="[244,324,1074,1096]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">balenge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD296722429F964" box="[425,575,1033,1096]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD2967227EAF964" box="[425,508,1033,1096]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2967227EAF933" box="[425,508,1033,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2964927EAF964" box="[425,508,1074,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC039672222FF964" box="[632,1081,1033,1096]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC03967224F1F964" bold="true" box="[632,782,1033,1096]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0396722518F933" box="[632,782,1033,1055]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03964924F1F964" box="[632,743,1074,1096]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA2396722331F964" box="[1112,1319,1033,1096]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++ +++</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB3496722394F964" box="[1359,1410,1033,1096]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE496272394F9C1" box="[159,1410,1116,1261]" gridrow="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE496272761F9C1" box="[159,375,1116,1261]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4962726F0F95D" box="[159,230,1116,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4962726F0F95D" box="[159,230,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Gretna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CE8F96262756F95E" box="[244,320,1117,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carmen">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CE8F96262756F95E" box="[244,320,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">carmen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
etc.) 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE496FD26F0F9B7" box="[159,230,1158,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE496FD26F0F9B7" box="[159,230,1158,1179]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Gretna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CE8F96FE2729F9B7" box="[244,319,1157,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylinda">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CE8F96FE2729F9B7" box="[244,319,1157,1179]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">cylinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE496D427EAF9C1" box="[159,508,1116,1261]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE496D426E5F9C1" box="[159,243,1199,1261]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE496D426C8F9E8" box="[159,222,1199,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leona</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE496AC26E5F9C1" box="[159,243,1239,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Moltena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Moltena</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD296272429F9C1" box="[425,575,1116,1261]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD2962727EAF9C1" box="[425,508,1116,1261]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2962727EAF95E" box="[425,508,1116,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD296FE27EAF9B7" box="[425,508,1157,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD296D527EAF9E8" box="[425,508,1198,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD296AC27EAF9C1" box="[425,508,1239,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC039627222FF9C1" box="[632,1081,1116,1261]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC03962724F1F9E8" bold="true" box="[632,774,1116,1220]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03962724F1F95E" box="[632,743,1116,1138]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0396FE2510F9B7" box="[632,774,1157,1179]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0396D524F1F9E8" box="[632,743,1198,1220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC8896D52594F9E8" box="[755,898,1198,1220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0396AC2511F9C1" box="[632,775,1239,1261]" class="Liliopsida" family="Strelitziaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC0396AC2511F9C1" bold="true" box="[632,775,1239,1261]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Strelitziaceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA2396272331F9C1" box="[1112,1319,1116,1261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB3496272394F9C1" box="[1359,1410,1116,1261]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++ +++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE4977A2394F86C" box="[159,1410,1281,1344]" gridrow="8" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4977927EAF86C" box="[159,508,1281,1344]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE4977A2761F86C" box="[159,375,1281,1344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4977926E2F86C" box="[159,244,1282,1344]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4977926F2F83B" box="[159,228,1282,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monza</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4975026E2F86C" box="[159,244,1323,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Perrotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perrotia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD2977A2429F86C" box="[425,575,1281,1344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD2977A27EAF86C" box="[425,508,1281,1344]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2977A27EAF83B" box="[425,508,1281,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2975127EAF86C" box="[425,508,1322,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
</emphasis>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC03977A222FF86C" box="[632,1081,1281,1344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC03977A255CF86C" bold="true" box="[632,842,1281,1344]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03977A24D9F83B" box="[632,719,1281,1303]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03975124FEF86C" box="[632,744,1322,1344]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC889751255CF86C" box="[755,842,1322,1344]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA23977A2331F86C" box="[1112,1319,1281,1344]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB34977A2394F86C" box="[1359,1410,1281,1344]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE4972F2394F8C9" box="[159,1410,1364,1509]" gridrow="9" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4972F27EAF8C9" box="[159,508,1364,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE4972F2761F8C9" box="[159,375,1364,1509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEE4972F2702F8C9" box="[159,278,1364,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE4972F26E4F846" box="[159,242,1364,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE497052700F8BF" box="[159,278,1406,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pteroteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pteroteinon</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE497DD26E3F890" box="[159,245,1446,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semalea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEE497B42702F8C9" box="[159,276,1487,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zophopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zophopetes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCFD2972F2429F8C9" box="[425,575,1364,1509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFD2972F27EAF8C9" box="[425,508,1364,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2972F27EAF846" box="[425,508,1364,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD2970627EAF8BF" box="[425,508,1405,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD297DD27EAF890" box="[425,508,1446,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFD297B427EAF8C9" box="[425,508,1487,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploetzia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
</emphasis>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCC03972F222FF8C9" box="[632,1081,1364,1509]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CC03972F24F1F8C9" bold="true" box="[632,785,1364,1509]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03972F24F1F846" box="[632,743,1364,1386]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC03970624F1F8BF" box="[632,743,1405,1427]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0397DD2507F890" box="[632,785,1446,1468]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CC0397B424F1F8C9" box="[632,743,1487,1509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA23972F2331F8C9" box="[1112,1319,1364,1509]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB34972F2394F8C9" box="[1359,1410,1364,1509]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">+++ +++ +++ +++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FF864ECCCEE497822394FB23" box="[159,1410,1529,1551]" gridrow="10" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76CE026BFF864ECCCEE497822761FB23" box="[159,375,1529,1551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Total in photographs</th>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCA2397822331FB23" box="[1112,1319,1529,1551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">13 32</td>
<td id="76CE026BFF864ECCCB3497822394FB23" box="[1359,1410,1529,1551]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">32</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF86B115CEEC945025CDFB6F" blockId="38.[151,1436,1579,1705]" box="[151,987,1579,1603]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">1 Families in bold were documented in our work, others are from the literature.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF86B115CEEC943625FAFB4A" blockId="38.[151,1436,1579,1705]" box="[151,1004,1613,1638]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">2 + from literature or museum specimens; ++ our observations; +++ photograph.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF86B115CEEC940B2549FB85" blockId="38.[151,1436,1579,1705]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
3 
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FF86B115CEDF940926D4FBA5" box="[164,194,1650,1673]" name="American Samoa" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">As</collectingCountry>
noted above, T.B. Larsen (pers. comm. 2015) intended to create a new genus for this species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF86B115CAD09409232CFBA5" author="Evans" box="[1195,1338,1650,1673]" pageId="38" pageNumber="246" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 212 pp., 30 pls." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
placed it in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CEC994EA2721FB85" box="[178,311,1681,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEC994EA2721FB85" box="[178,311,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Xanthodisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CF2194EA27C0FB85" box="[346,470,1681,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CF2194EA27C0FB85" box="[346,470,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Ceratrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, but its affinities are not clear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF86B119CEBC94AD2394FCD9" blockId="38.[151,1436,1750,2027]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1437,151,1669]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEBC94AD2771FBC2" box="[199,359,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CEBC94AD26EBFBC2" bold="true" box="[199,253,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Ova.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CF7294AC2771FBC2" box="[265,359,1751,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="priori">A priori</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, it seems likely that differences between ova are likely to be more conservative, than any observed amongst caterpillars or pupae, which are likely to show adaptations to avoid predation and parasitism and related to their food plants and leaf shelters (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF86B115CCAE956425D6FA1B" author="Greeney" box="[725,960,1822,1847]" pageId="38" pageNumber="246" refString="Greeney, H. F., Dyer, L. A. &amp; Smilanich, A. M. (2012) Feeding by lepidopteran larvae is dangerous: A review of caterpillars' chemical, physiological, morphological, and behavioral defenses against natural enemies. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 9, 7 - 34." type="journal article" year="2012">
Greeney 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CD4595642565FA1B" box="[830,883,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). However, this is not necessarily true as mortality of ova has been shown to be important in pest 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CD7495392580FA77" box="[783,918,1858,1883]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
such as the polyphagous noctuid 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CB6A95392766FA53" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Helicoverpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CB6A953926E9FA52" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Helicoverpa armigera</emphasis>
(Hübner)
</taxonomicName>
, where egg predators play an important role in 
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FF86B115CDFB951C25DFFA53" box="[896,969,1895,1919]" name="Kenya" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(Van den Berg 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CA03951C22A6FA53" box="[1144,1200,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
1999). MJWC noted that significant numbers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CFAE95F0251BFA8F" authority="Trimen" authorityName="Trimen" box="[469,781,1930,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinnyis">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFAE95F024B6FA8E" box="[469,672,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Artitropa erinnyis</emphasis>
(Trimen)
</taxonomicName>
ova disappeared from a 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF86B115CA5495F02306FA8F" box="[1071,1296,1930,1955]" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steudneri">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CA5495F02306FA8F" box="[1071,1296,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Dracaena steudneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plant in his garden in Nairobi (Cock 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF86B115CFCE95D427F1FAEB" box="[437,487,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">et al</emphasis>
. 2015). Hence, adaptations to maximise adhesion of ova to different 
<typeStatus id="5494D7F7FF86B115CB7B95D4232DFAEB" box="[1280,1339,1967,1991]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">types</typeStatus>
of plant surfaces, or minimise the ability of predators such as ants to remove ova are certainly possible. We have images for only 14 genera (
<figureCitation id="131475D0FF8AB119CF2192EC27C6FD9C" box="[346,464,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,195,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[201,1388,195,1858]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 41. Representative examples of the ova of the genera of Afrotropical Hesperiinae incertae sedis. The species are Parosmodes morantii, Platylesches moritili, Semalea pulvina, Acleros mackenii, Erionota torus, Zophopetes dysmephila, Pteroteinon concaenira, Leona maracanda, Artitropa sp. SCC 01, Andronymus caesar, Gretna balenge, Astictopterus stellata, Ceratrichia semlikensis, Gorgyra bibulus. See the relevant part of this series for details, except the image of E. torus was cropped from a photograph by P. Manoj (©, see acknowledgements)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264694/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Figure 41</figureCitation>
), but they do seem to indicate some groups within the 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CA1392E22311FD9C" box="[1128,1287,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">incertae sedis</emphasis>
. The genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEEC92C72736FDF9" box="[151,288,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEEC92C72736FDF9" box="[151,288,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Parosmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF4B92C72799FDF9" box="[304,399,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF4B92C72799FDF9" box="[304,399,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Semalea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFB192C72440FDF9" box="[458,598,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFB192C72440FDF9" box="[458,598,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Platylesches</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are united by have having wall-like ribs; further, the ova of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CB6892C7238AFDF9" box="[1299,1436,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CB6892C7238AFDF9" box="[1299,1436,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Parosmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEBE92A42732FDD4" box="[197,292,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEBE92A42732FDD4" box="[197,292,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Semalea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are somewhat flattened compared to the relatively round ova of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD8992A42268FDD4" box="[1010,1150,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD8992A42268FDD4" box="[1010,1150,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Platylesches</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the dorsal surface of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEB8937F275AFC31" box="[195,332,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEB8937F275AFC31" box="[195,332,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Parosmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ova is rugose. Hence, there are significant differences between these three genera as well as a striking similarity. There is a group of genera with rather similar ova: dome shaped, with fine ribs, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEEC933626EDFC48" box="[151,251,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEEC933626EDFC48" box="[151,251,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Erionota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF739337279FFC49" box="[264,393,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zophopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF739337279FFC49" box="[264,393,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Zophopetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFE39336240DFC48" box="[408,539,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pteroteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFE39336240DFC48" box="[408,539,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pteroteinon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC5293362479FC48" box="[553,623,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC5293362479FC48" box="[553,623,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Leona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC06933724F2FC4F" box="[637,740,332,355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC06933724F2FC4F" box="[637,740,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Artitropa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the dicotyledon feeding genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CA06933722C7FC49" box="[1149,1233,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CA06933722C7FC49" box="[1149,1233,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Acleros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CB7393372382FC49" box="[1288,1428,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CB7393372382FC49" box="[1288,1428,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Andronymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The similarity of the Asian 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFA3930A242AFCA4" box="[472,572,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFA3930A242AFCA4" box="[472,572,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Erionota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the African 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD7993142595FCA4" box="[770,899,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zophopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD7993142595FCA4" box="[770,899,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Zophopetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and similar genera is striking. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CA97930B238AFCA4" box="[1260,1436,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balenge">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CA97930B238AFCA4" box="[1260,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Gretna balenge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in that the ribs are very fine and the egg shape is bun-shaped (an oblate spheroid). The two grass feeding genera, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CE8893C32791FCE3" box="[243,391,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CE8893C32791FCE3" box="[243,391,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Astictopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFBF93CC2451FCFC" box="[452,583,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFBF93CC2451FCFC" box="[452,583,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Ceratrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are united by smooth dome-shaped ova, without apparent ribs. The bunshaped ovum of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF2A93A627A6FCD8" box="[337,432,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gorgyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF2A93A627A6FCD8" box="[337,432,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Gorgyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. differs from others, although this could be linked to its placement between leaves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5039DDFF87B114CEEC95262544FAC2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264694/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" targetBox="[201,1386,195,1858]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8B906955FF87B114CEEC95262544FAC2" blockId="39.[151,1436,1885,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CEEC9526270DFA5F" bold="true" box="[151,283,1885,1907]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">FIGURE 41</emphasis>
. Representative examples of the ova of the genera of Afrotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CDA095262242FA5F" box="[987,1108,1885,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CA26952522FAFA5F" box="[1117,1260,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">incertae sedis</emphasis>
. The species are 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CEEC95072760FABE" box="[151,374,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morantii">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CEEC95072760FABE" box="[151,374,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Parosmodes morantii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CFF395072449FABE" box="[392,607,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CFF395072449FABE" box="[392,607,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CC0B95072508FABE" box="[624,798,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvina">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CC0B95072508FABE" box="[624,798,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Semalea pulvina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CD4B950725F5FABE" box="[816,995,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mackenii">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CD4B950725F5FABE" box="[816,995,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Acleros mackenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CD8D95062286FABE" box="[1014,1168,1917,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CD8D95062286FABE" box="[1014,1168,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Erionota torus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CAD995072383FABE" box="[1186,1429,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zophopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dysmephila">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CAD995072383FABE" box="[1186,1429,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Zophopetes dysmephila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CEEC95E02791FA9C" box="[151,391,1947,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pteroteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concaenira">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CEEC95E02791FA9C" box="[151,391,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Pteroteinon concaenira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CFEF95E02458FA9C" box="[404,590,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maracanda">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CFEF95E02458FA9C" box="[404,590,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Leona maracanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CC2795E024AFFA9C" box="[604,697,1947,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CC2795E024AFFA9C" box="[604,697,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Artitropa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. SCC01, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CD4795E12213FA9C" box="[828,1029,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CD4795E12213FA9C" box="[828,1029,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Andronymus caesar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CA6995E022A6FA9C" box="[1042,1200,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balenge">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CA6995E022A6FA9C" box="[1042,1200,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Gretna balenge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CAC595E02380FA9C" box="[1214,1430,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CAC595E02380FA9C" box="[1214,1430,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Astictopterus stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CEEC95C2279FFAE3" box="[151,393,1977,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semlikensis">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CEEC95C2279FFAE3" box="[151,393,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Ceratrichia semlikensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CFE295C12452FAE3" box="[409,580,1977,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gorgyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bibulus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CFE295C12452FAE3" box="[409,580,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Gorgyra bibulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See the relevant part of this series for details, except the image of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF87B114CB6395C1237DFAE3" box="[1304,1387,1978,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF87B114CB6395C1237DFAE3" box="[1304,1387,1978,1999]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">E. torus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was cropped from a photograph by P. Manoj (©, see acknowledgements).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5039DDFF88B11BCEEC956E25A4FACF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264695/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" targetBox="[177,1410,195,1790]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph id="8B906955FF88B11BCEEC956E25A4FACF" blockId="40.[151,1436,1813,2019]" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCEEC956E270FFA07" bold="true" box="[151,281,1813,1835]" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">FIGURE 42</emphasis>
. Representative examples of the caterpillars of the genera of Afrotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCA77956E2293FA07" box="[1036,1157,1813,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCAF7956D230EFA07" box="[1164,1304,1813,1835]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">incertae sedis</emphasis>
. The species are 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCEC7954E2783FA66" box="[188,405,1845,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gorgyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysii">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCEC7954E2783FA66" box="[188,405,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Gorgyra mocquerysii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCFDA954F2454FA66" box="[417,578,1844,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCFDA954F2454FA66" box="[417,578,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Acada biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCC34954F253EFA66" box="[591,808,1844,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morantii">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCC34954F253EFA66" box="[591,808,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Parosmodes morantii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCD4E954F25F2FA66" box="[821,996,1844,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mackenii">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCD4E954F25F2FA66" box="[821,996,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Acleros mackenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCD8B954F22D7FA66" box="[1008,1217,1844,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCD8B954F22D7FA66" box="[1008,1217,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCAB5954F271FFA45" authority="Melphinyet" authorityName="Melphinyet" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCAB5954F2383FA66" box="[1230,1429,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Andronymus caesar</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCEEC9528271FFA45" box="[151,265,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Melphinyet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tarace, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCF1A9528243DFA45" box="[353,555,1875,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCF1A9528243DFA45" box="[353,555,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Platylesches galesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCC4195282501FA45" box="[570,791,1875,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCC4195282501FA45" box="[570,791,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Platylesches robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCD5C952825FDFA45" box="[807,1003,1875,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amygdalis">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCD5C952825FDFA45" box="[807,1003,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Ploetzia amygdalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCD81952822FDFA45" box="[1018,1259,1875,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zophopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dysmephila">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCD81952822FDFA45" box="[1018,1259,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Zophopetes dysmephila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCA8195282380FA45" box="[1274,1430,1875,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carmen">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCA8195282380FA45" box="[1274,1430,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Gretna carmen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCEEC95092721FAAB" box="[151,311,1905,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylinda">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCEEC95092721FAAB" box="[151,311,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Gretna cylinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCF35950927E2FAAB" box="[334,500,1905,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balenge">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCF35950927E2FAAB" box="[334,500,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Gretna balenge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(© Dirk Motshagen), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCC86950925E0FAAB" box="[765,1014,1906,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pteroteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concaenira">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCC86950925E0FAAB" box="[765,1014,1906,1927]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Pteroteinon concaenira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCA77950922D8FAAB" box="[1036,1230,1905,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maracanda">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCA77950922D8FAAB" box="[1036,1230,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Leona maracanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCA9F950A2380FAAB" box="[1252,1430,1905,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacela">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCA9F950A2380FAAB" box="[1252,1430,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Caenides dacela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCEEC95EA2766FA8A" box="[151,368,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCEEC95EA2766FA8A" box="[151,368,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Astictopterus stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCF0695EB2423FA8A" box="[381,565,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Prosopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styla">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCF0695EB2423FA8A" box="[381,565,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Prosopalpus styla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCC3895EB24EEFA8A" box="[579,760,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callicles">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCC3895EB24EEFA8A" box="[579,760,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Kedestes callicles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCD7C95EB25EEFA8A" box="[775,1016,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semlikensis">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCD7C95EB25EEFA8A" box="[775,1016,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Ceratrichia semlikensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCA7C95EB22ACFA8A" box="[1031,1210,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bule">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCA7C95EB22ACFA8A" box="[1031,1210,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Pardaleodes bule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCAB395EB232EFA8A" box="[1224,1336,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ankola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fan">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCAB395EB232EFA8A" box="[1224,1336,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Ankola fan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCB3C95EA26EEFAE8" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Perrotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiplaga">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCB3C95EA26EEFAE8" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Perrotia albiplaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCF7395D527CCFAE8" box="[264,474,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leggei">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCF7395D527CCFAE8" box="[264,474,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Chondrolepis leggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCF9195CB2468FAE8" box="[490,638,1966,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCF9195CB2468FAE8" box="[490,638,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Monza alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCCF595D4253CFAE8" box="[654,810,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shelleyi">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCCF595D4253CFAE8" box="[654,810,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Gamia shelleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCD4095D42202FAE8" box="[827,1044,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="usambarae">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCD4095D42202FAE8" box="[827,1044,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Artitropa usambarae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCA5F95D522AFFAE8" box="[1060,1209,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arela">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCA5F95D522AFFAE8" box="[1060,1209,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Semalea arela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCAB295D52383FAE8" box="[1225,1429,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophiusa">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCAB295D52383FAE8" box="[1225,1429,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Hypoleucis ophiusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCEEC95B62752FACF" box="[151,324,1997,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacena">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCEEC95B62752FACF" box="[151,324,1997,2019]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Caenides dacena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF88B11BCF2A95B627CBFACF" box="[337,477,1997,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Moltena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiara">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF88B11BCF2A95B627CBFACF" box="[337,477,1997,2019]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="241">Moltena fiara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See the relevant part of this series for details.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5039DDFF89B11ACEEC94A22423FA8B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264696/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1728]" targetPageId="41">
<paragraph id="8B906955FF89B11ACEEC94A22423FA8B" blockId="41.[151,1436,1753,1959]" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACEEC94A22737FBC3" bold="true" box="[151,289,1753,1775]" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">FIGURE 43.</emphasis>
Representative examples of the pupae of the genera of Afrotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACD9994A2224DFBC3" box="[994,1115,1753,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACA1894A122E6FBC3" box="[1123,1264,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">incertae sedis</emphasis>
. The species are 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACEEC94832763FA22" box="[151,373,1784,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gorgyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysii">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACEEC94832763FA22" box="[151,373,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Gorgyra mocquerysii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACFFC948C243BFA21" box="[391,557,1783,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACFFC948C243BFA21" box="[391,557,1783,1805]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Acada biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACC44948C25B4FA21" authority="Melphinyet" authorityName="Melphinyet" box="[575,930,1783,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morantii">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACC44948C2508FA22" box="[575,798,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Parosmodes morantii</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACD4B948C25B4FA21" box="[816,930,1783,1805]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Melphinyet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flavina, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACA7C9482226BFA21" box="[1031,1149,1783,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Meza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larea">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACA7C9482226BFA21" box="[1031,1149,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Meza larea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(specimen in The Natural History Museum, London), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACFBF956D246EFA00" box="[452,632,1814,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mackenii">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACFBF956D246EFA00" box="[452,632,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Acleros mackenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACCF1956D254EFA00" box="[650,856,1814,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACCF1956D254EFA00" box="[650,856,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Andronymus caesar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACD11956D2256FA00" box="[874,1088,1814,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACD11956D2256FA00" box="[874,1088,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACA28956D2355FA00" box="[1107,1347,1814,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zophopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quaternata">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACA28956D2355FA00" box="[1107,1347,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Zophopetes quaternata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACB2E956C26F5FA67" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carmen">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACB2E956C26F5FA67" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Gretna carmen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACE8D954D278FFA67" box="[246,409,1845,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balenge">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACE8D954D278FFA67" box="[246,409,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Gretna balenge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACFD7954D246BFA67" box="[428,637,1846,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pteroteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenira">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACFD7954D246BFA67" box="[428,637,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Pteroteinon caenira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACCEB954D2546FA67" box="[656,848,1845,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maracanda">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACCEB954D2546FA67" box="[656,848,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Leona maracanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACD18954E2207FA67" box="[867,1041,1845,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacela">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACD18954E2207FA67" box="[867,1041,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Caenides dacela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACA5F954E231CFA67" box="[1060,1290,1845,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wallengrenii">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACA5F954E231CFA67" box="[1060,1290,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Kedestes wallengrenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACB66954E26F5FA46" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibullus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACB66954E26F5FA46" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Pardaleodes tibullus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACE8D952F277CFA46" box="[246,362,1876,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ankola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fan">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACE8D952F277CFA46" box="[246,362,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Ankola fan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACF06952E2456FA46" box="[381,576,1876,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Perrotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiplaga">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACF06952E2456FA46" box="[381,576,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Perrotia albiplaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACC28952F2530FA46" box="[595,806,1876,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leggei">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACC28952F2530FA46" box="[595,806,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Chondrolepis leggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACD42952E25F7FA46" box="[825,993,1877,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACD42952E25F7FA46" box="[825,993,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Monza cretacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACD8F952F22BEFA46" box="[1012,1192,1876,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchholzi">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACD8F952F22BEFA46" box="[1012,1192,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Gamia buchholzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACAC0952F2383FA46" box="[1211,1429,1876,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="usambarae">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACAC0952F2383FA46" box="[1211,1429,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Artitropa usambarae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACEEC9509273EFAA4" box="[151,296,1906,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arela">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACEEC9509273EFAA4" box="[151,296,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Semalea arela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACF4E950927EBFAA4" box="[309,509,1906,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophiusa">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACF4E950927EBFAA4" box="[309,509,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Hypoleucis ophiusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACC70950924DAFAA4" box="[523,716,1906,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibius">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACC70950924DAFAA4" box="[523,716,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Xanthodisca vibius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACCA19509259EFAA4" box="[730,904,1906,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacena">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACCA19509259EFAA4" box="[730,904,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Caenides dacena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACDEE9509223AFAA4" box="[917,1068,1906,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adon">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACDEE9509223AFAA4" box="[917,1068,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Osmodes adon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACA42950822C7FAA4" box="[1081,1233,1906,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylinda">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACA42950822C7FAA4" box="[1081,1233,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Gretna cylinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF89B11ACAA59509237CFAA4" box="[1246,1386,1906,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Moltena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiara">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF89B11ACAA59509237CFAA4" box="[1246,1386,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="242">Moltena fiara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See the relevant part of this series for details.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3353ADEFF8AB118CEBC93842739F98C" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8AB119CEBC9384241EFE38" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1669]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEBC9384274EFF34" bold="true" box="[199,344,511,536]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Caterpillars</emphasis>
. The caterpillars of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC47938424D4FF34" box="[572,706,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CCB2907A2572FF34" box="[713,868,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">incertae sedis</emphasis>
do not divide as easily into groups (
<figureCitation id="131475D0FF8AB119CA8593842367FF34" box="[1278,1393,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,195,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[177,1411,195,1790]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 42. Representative examples of the caterpillars of the genera of Afrotropical Hesperiinae incertae sedis. The species are Gorgyra mocquerysii, Acada biseriata, Parosmodes morantii, Acleros mackenii, Platylesches moritili, Andronymus caesar, Melphinyet tarace, Platylesches galesa, Platylesches robustus, Ploetzia amygdalis, Zophopetes dysmephila, Gretna carmen, Gretna cylinda, Gretna balenge (© Dirk Motshagen), Pteroteinon concaenira, Leona maracanda, Caenides dacela, Astictopterus stellata, Prosopalpus styla, Kedestes callicles, Ceratrichia semlikensis, Pardaleodes bule, Ankola fan, Perrotia albiplaga, Chondrolepis leggei, Monza alberti, Gamia shelleyi, Artitropa usambarae, Semalea arela, Hypoleucis ophiusa, Caenides dacena, Moltena fiara. See the relevant part of this series for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264695/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Figure 42</figureCitation>
). In general, the dicotyledon feeders have stouter caterpillars, and the grass feeders tend to have more slender caterpillars. The species currently placed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CCF4903324CBFF73" box="[655,733,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CCF4903324CBFF73" box="[655,733,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Gretna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be grouped together because of the well-developed setae and white waxy powder on the head and body. Apart from this no clear groupings can be recognised, although 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEEC90F426E0FF84" box="[151,246,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEEC90F426E0FF84" box="[151,246,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Semalea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF5490F427E7FF84" box="[303,497,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacena">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF5490F427E7FF84" box="[303,497,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Caenides dacena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have relatively narrow heads, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD3490F425CEFF84" box="[847,984,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD3490F425CEFF84" box="[847,984,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Parosmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CA6990F42286FF84" box="[1042,1168,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Melphinyet</emphasis>
have distinct scale-like setae on the head (the similarities of the leaf shelters of these two genera have already been noted in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF8AB119CB3A90CF2777FFDC" author="Cock" pageId="42" pageNumber="245" refString="Cock, M. J. W. &amp; Congdon, T. C. E. (2013) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon feeders. Zootaxa, 3724 (1), 1 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3724.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Cock &amp; Congdon (2013))</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF0A90AC27D3FFDC" box="[369,453,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF0A90AC27D3FFDC" box="[369,453,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Acleros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFA290AC2470FFDC" box="[473,614,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFA290AC2470FFDC" box="[473,614,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Andronymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and tube shelter building 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CDD890AC2239FFDC" box="[931,1071,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CDD890AC2239FFDC" box="[931,1071,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Platylesches</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have strongly contrasting pale markings on the head, and so on.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8AB119CEBC9164233EF864" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1669]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEBC91642704FE14" bold="true" box="[199,274,799,824]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pupae</emphasis>
. Representative pupae of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC20916424F7FE14" box="[603,737,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC93915A2594FE14" box="[744,898,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">incertae sedis</emphasis>
are shown in 
<figureCitation id="131475D0FF8AB119CA669164229DFE14" box="[1053,1163,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,195,1728]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 43. Representative examples of the pupae of the genera of Afrotropical Hesperiinae incertae sedis. The species are Gorgyra mocquerysii, Acada biseriata, Parosmodes morantii, Melphinyet flavina, Meza larea (specimen in The Natural History Museum, London), Acleros mackenii, Andronymus caesar, Platylesches moritili, Zophopetes quaternata, Gretna carmen, Gretna balenge, Pteroteinon caenira, Leona maracanda, Caenides dacela, Kedestes wallengrenii, Pardaleodes tibullus, Ankola fan, Perrotia albiplaga, Chondrolepis leggei, Monza cretacea, Gamia buchholzi, Artitropa usambarae, Semalea arela, Hypoleucis ophiusa, Xanthodisca vibius, Caenides dacena, Osmodes adon, Gretna cylinda, Moltena fiara. See the relevant part of this series for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264696/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Figure 43</figureCitation>
. None are of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CB339164238AFE14" box="[1352,1436,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baorini">Baorini</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="5494D7F7FF8AB119CEEC913F26DCFE70" box="[151,202,836,860]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">type</typeStatus>
, which is perhaps slightly surprising since other tribes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD1C913825FBFE70" box="[871,1005,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
do include genera with pupae of this 
<typeStatus id="5494D7F7FF8AB119CEEC911C26D1FE53" box="[151,199,871,895]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">type</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF8AB119CEA6911D27E8FE53" author="Cock" box="[221,510,870,895]" pageId="42" pageNumber="245" refString="Cock, M. J. W. &amp; Congdon, T. C. E. (2012) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 4. Hesperiinae: Aeromachini and Baorini. Zootaxa, 3438, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2012">Cock &amp; Congdon 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Possible groupings based on the pupae are not that obvious. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CB7D911C2373FE52" box="[1286,1381,871,894]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gorgyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CB7D911C2373FE52" box="[1286,1381,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Gorgyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEEC91F1270CFE8D" box="[151,282,906,929]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pteroteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEEC91F1270CFE8D" box="[151,282,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pteroteinon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. have a bifurcate frontal projection, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC9F91F1253CFE8D" box="[740,810,906,929]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC9F91F1253CFE8D" box="[740,810,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Leona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a blunt frontal projection, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CAFF91F2230DFE8E" box="[1156,1307,905,930]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CAFF91F2230DFE8E" box="[1156,1307,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Chondrolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a short down-turned frontal projection, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF8491D72448FEE9" box="[511,606,940,965]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF8491D72448FEE9" box="[511,606,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Semalea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to a lesser degree 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD1B91D725FAFEE9" box="[864,1004,940,965]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD1B91D725FAFEE9" box="[864,1004,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Xanthodisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a small frontal protuberance and the other genera have none; this does not seem to be a helpful character. We have noted above that the three species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEC7918F271CF927" box="[188,266,1012,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEC7918F271CF927" box="[188,266,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Gretna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which are doubtfully congeneric have quite similar caterpillars, but the pupae are very different, implying they belong in three different genera, none of which show much affinity to any other genera. The frontal projection of the pupa of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFC796412423F97E" box="[444,565,1081,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balenge">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFC796412423F97E" box="[444,565,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">G. balenge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique, and the tufted pupa of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CDC096412238F97E" box="[955,1070,1081,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylinda">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CDC096412238F97E" box="[955,1070,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">G. cylinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also very distinctive, but this may reflect that it is the only Afrotropical species that we have documented to form its pupa on the food plant leaf without the construction of any shelter. 
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FF8AB119CC1696FB249AF9B4" box="[621,652,1152,1176]" name="American Samoa" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">As</collectingCountry>
previously noted the pupae and pupal shelters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CAA49604237EF9B4" box="[1247,1384,1151,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CAA49604237EF9B4" box="[1247,1384,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Parosmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEEC96D82703F990" box="[151,277,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Melphinyet</emphasis>
show affinities (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF8AB119CFB496D824CFF997" author="Cock" box="[463,729,1187,1212]" pageId="42" pageNumber="245" refString="Cock, M. J. W. &amp; Congdon, T. C. E. (2013) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon feeders. Zootaxa, 3724 (1), 1 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3724.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Cock &amp; Congdon 2013</bibRefCitation>
), and the pupae of at least some 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CA3896D822D9F990" box="[1091,1231,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CA3896D822D9F990" box="[1091,1231,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Platylesches</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. are generally similar. The pupae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFE196BD27F9F9F3" box="[410,495,1222,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFE196BD27F9F9F3" box="[410,495,1222,1247]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Acleros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC5796BD24AFF9F3" box="[556,697,1222,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC5796BD24AFF9F3" box="[556,697,1222,1247]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Andronymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show affinities in shape and colouring as well as pupal shelter construction. Above, we have noted that the pupae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD4A9692258FF82E" box="[817,921,1257,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD4A9692258FF82E" box="[817,921,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Caenides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(both the palm-feeding 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CAB896912320F82E" box="[1219,1334,1257,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacela">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CAB896912320F82E" box="[1219,1334,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">C. dacela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Costaceae-feeding 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF17977627CBF809" box="[364,477,1292,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacena">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF17977627CBF809" box="[364,477,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">C. dacena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF8F97772445F809" box="[500,595,1292,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF8F97772445F809" box="[500,595,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Semalea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC1A977724EEF809" box="[609,760,1292,1317]" class="Cryptophyceae" family="Pleuromastigaceae" genus="Xanthodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protista" order="Cryptomonadales" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cryptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC1A977724EEF809" box="[609,760,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Xanthodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD4F977725A4F809" box="[820,946,1292,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD4F977725A4F809" box="[820,946,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Hypoleucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are united by the broad C-shaped rim to the T1 spiracle. The pupae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFC7974B240DF86B" box="[444,539,1328,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gorgyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFC7974B240DF86B" box="[444,539,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Gorgyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC28975424AFF864" box="[595,697,1327,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC28975424AFF864" box="[595,697,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Osmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not show any obvious affinities to any other genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8AB119CEBC97282427FBA8" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1669]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
The pupae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF1B972827F7F840" box="[352,481,1363,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zophopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF1B972827F7F840" box="[352,481,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Zophopetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF949728245AF840" box="[495,588,1363,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Moltena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF949728245AF840" box="[495,588,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Moltena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC21972F24B0F847" box="[602,678,1364,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC21972F24B0F847" box="[602,678,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Monza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CCA7972F252CF847" box="[732,826,1364,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Perrotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CCA7972F252CF847" box="[732,826,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Perrotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar in shape and colour, while those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CB32972F2383F847" box="[1353,1429,1364,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CB32972F2383F847" box="[1353,1429,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Gamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEEC970C26E8F8A2" box="[151,254,1399,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEEC970C26E8F8A2" box="[151,254,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Artitropa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF3B970C27B2F8A2" box="[320,420,1399,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF3B970C27B2F8A2" box="[320,420,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Erionota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar but paler. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CCDF970D252DF8A3" box="[676,827,1398,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CCDF970D252DF8A3" box="[676,827,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Chondrolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD37970C25D9F8A2" box="[844,975,1399,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pteroteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD37970C25D9F8A2" box="[844,975,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pteroteinon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CA71970C2246F8A2" box="[1034,1104,1399,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CA71970C2246F8A2" box="[1034,1104,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Leona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also quite similar to this group, but have a frontal projection and the cremaster of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD6A97E225BEF89E" box="[785,936,1433,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD6A97E225BEF89E" box="[785,936,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Chondrolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is less developed and may not be functional, although this may be a reflection of a tightly rolled pupal chamber obviating the need for pupal attachment. The dicotyledon-feeding 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF04979A27AAF8D4" box="[383,444,1505,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Meza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF04979A27AAF8D4" box="[383,444,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Meza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. may also relate to this group, but their exposed pupation site is perhaps linked to the unusual dorsal markings. The simple pupa of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CCDA947824FEFB30" box="[673,744,1539,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CCDA947824FEFB30" box="[673,744,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Acada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which could easily be mistaken for that of a member of the Noctuoidea, might also belong with this group. The pupae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD38945D25C6FB13" box="[835,976,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD38945D25C6FB13" box="[835,976,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pardaleodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CA7F945D2245FB13" box="[1028,1107,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ankola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CA7F945D2245FB13" box="[1028,1107,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Ankola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are of similar shape and both are very flimsy (Cock &amp; Congdon 2014), but their shape suggests they may have affinities with this group. There may also be affinities with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFBD9417243CFBA9" box="[454,554,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFBD9417243CFBA9" box="[454,554,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Kedestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8AB119CEEC94CE25B5FBE1" blockId="42.[151,931,1716,1741]" box="[151,931,1716,1741]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">In summary, based on the pupae alone, we have nine possible groups:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8AB119CEEC948724EBFA39" blockId="42.[151,1436,1788,2029]" box="[151,765,1788,1813]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
1 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEBC948727CAFA39" authority="Melphinyet" authorityName="Melphinyet" box="[199,476,1788,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parosmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEBC94872746FA39" box="[199,336,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Parosmodes</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF25948727CAFA39" box="[350,476,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Melphinyet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and perhaps 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC0A948724EBFA39" box="[625,765,1788,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC0A948724EBFA39" box="[625,765,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Platylesches</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8AB119CEEC955B27C9FA14" blockId="42.[151,1436,1788,2029]" box="[151,479,1823,1848]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
2 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEBC9564270AFA14" box="[199,284,1823,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEBC9564270AFA14" box="[199,284,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Acleros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF29956427C9FA14" box="[338,479,1823,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF29956427C9FA14" box="[338,479,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Andronymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8AB119CEEC953F27B1FAE5" blockId="42.[151,1436,1788,2029]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
3 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEBC953F27F8FA71" box="[199,494,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEBC953F2795FA71" box="[199,387,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacela">Caenides dacela</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFF4953F27F8FA71" box="[399,494,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semalea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF87953F2485FA71" box="[508,659,1860,1885]" class="Cryptophyceae" family="Pleuromastigaceae" genus="Xanthodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protista" order="Cryptomonadales" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cryptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF87953F2485FA71" box="[508,659,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Xanthodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CCAB953F2558FA71" box="[720,846,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CCAB953F2558FA71" box="[720,846,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Hypoleucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
4 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEBC951C275EFAAC" box="[199,328,1895,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zophopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEBC951C275EFAAC" box="[199,328,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Zophopetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF22951C27A0FAAC" box="[345,438,1895,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Moltena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF22951C27A0FAAC" box="[345,438,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Moltena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFB395122402FAAC" box="[456,532,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFB395122402FAAC" box="[456,532,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Monza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC5D95122492FAAC" box="[550,644,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Perrotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC5D95122492FAAC" box="[550,644,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Perrotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CCEE951324F7FA53" box="[661,737,1896,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CCEE951324F7FA53" box="[661,737,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Gamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC889513254CFA53" box="[755,858,1896,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC889513254CFA53" box="[755,858,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Artitropa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CDE495122215FAAC" box="[927,1027,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CDE495122215FAAC" box="[927,1027,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Erionota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with possible subgroups or related groups (a) 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF7495F62784FA88" box="[271,402,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pteroteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF7495F62784FA88" box="[271,402,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pteroteinon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CFBC95F6241BFA88" box="[455,525,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CFBC95F6241BFA88" box="[455,525,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Leona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (b) 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CC3995F724CFFA89" box="[578,729,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CC3995F724CFFA89" box="[578,729,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Chondrolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (c) dicotyledon-feeding 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CD8F95F62221FA88" box="[1012,1079,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CD8F95F62222FA88" box="[1012,1076,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Meza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Meza</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
(d) 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CA1F95F722BDFA89" box="[1124,1195,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CA1F95F722BDFA89" box="[1124,1195,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Acada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (d) 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CA9A95F72378FA89" box="[1249,1390,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CA9A95F72378FA89" box="[1249,1390,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pardaleodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEEC95CB26F1FAE5" box="[151,231,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ankola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEEC95CB26F1FAE5" box="[151,231,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Ankola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and (e) 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CF3895CB27B1FAE5" box="[323,423,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CF3895CB27B1FAE5" box="[323,423,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Kedestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8AB119CEEC95AF2731FAC0" blockId="42.[151,1436,1788,2029]" box="[151,295,2004,2029]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
5 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8AB119CEBC95AE2731FAC0" box="[199,295,2005,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gorgyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8AB119CEBC95AE2731FAC0" box="[199,295,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Gorgyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8BB118CEEC92EC2738FD9C" blockId="43.[151,369,151,285]" box="[151,302,151,176]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">
6 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CEBC92EC2738FD9C" box="[199,302,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8BB118CEBC92EC2738FD9C" box="[199,302,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">Osmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8BB118CEEC92C6277BFC31" blockId="43.[151,369,151,285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">
7 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CEBC92C7277BFDF8" box="[199,365,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carmen">Gretna carmen</taxonomicName>
8 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CEBC929B2767FDD4" box="[199,369,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balenge">Gretna balenge</taxonomicName>
9 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CEBC937F277BFC31" box="[199,365,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylinda">Gretna cylinda</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8BB118CEBC9337232DFC80" blockId="43.[151,1437,332,1184]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">
These are not incompatible with the tentative groupings suggested for the limited observations of ova. The weak groupings suggested for caterpillars are also mostly compatible except that the similarities of the caterpillars of the three species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CFEF93EE27F4FC80" box="[404,482,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gretna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8BB118CFEF93EE27F4FC80" box="[404,482,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">Gretna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest that they are more closely related than do the very dissimilar pupae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FF8BB118CEBC93C32739F98C" blockId="43.[151,1437,332,1184]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">
We look forward to seeing if and how these groups may align with future development of the classification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CEEC93A7270BFCD9" box="[151,285,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8BB118CF5193A627DDFCD9" box="[298,459,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">incertae sedis</emphasis>
based on the T.B. Larsen’s work on male genitalia and adult characters (mostly unpublished at present) and future expansion of the recent molecular and adult character analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF8BB118CB7E907B26C2FF10" author="Warren" pageId="43" pageNumber="247" refString="Warren, A. D., Ogawa, J. R. &amp; Brower, A. V. Z. (2009) Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology, 34, 467 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2008.00463. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Warren 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8BB118CB19907A2383FF34" box="[1378,1429,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
). In doing so, we recognise that any classification based on the early stages (and hitherto we are only considering a morphological classification rather than a phylogeny) will not necessarily align with classifications or phylogenies based on the adults, but analyses based on both combined are likely to yield a more robust phylogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF8BB118CF6790F427E1FF84" author="Meier" box="[284,503,655,680]" pageId="43" pageNumber="247" refString="Meier, R. &amp; Lim, G. S. (2009) Conflict, convergent evolution, and the relative importance of immature and adult characters in endopterygote phylogenetics. Annual Review of Entomology 54, 85 - 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. ento. 54.110807.090459" type="journal article" year="2009">Meier &amp; Lim 2009</bibRefCitation>
). For example, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF8BB118CCDF90EB257DFF84" box="[676,875,655,680]" pageId="43" pageNumber="247" refString="Penz, C. M., Freitas, A. V. L., Kaminski, L. A., Casagrande, M. M. &amp; Devries, P. J. (2013) Adult and early-stage characters of Brassolini contain conflicting phylogenetic signal (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology, 38 (2), 316 - 333. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12000" type="journal article">
Penz 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8BB118CC9A90EA2505FF84" box="[737,787,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
showed that a phylogeny based on early stages of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CEEC90CF27ACFFE1" box="[151,442,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brassolini">Brassolini (Nymphalidae)</taxonomicName>
was less well resolved than one based on adult characters, but that the phylogeny based on the combined dataset was similar, but not identical to that based on adult characters only. On the other hand, caterpillars and pupae living in an exposed way (as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CCAC9087255EFE39" box="[727,840,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brassolini">Brassolini</taxonomicName>
do) are likely to be subjected to stronger and perhaps more convergent natural selection, compared to those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CD43916425D7FE14" box="[824,961,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
, which mostly live in shelters. We have already commented on the similarity of the early stages of diverse 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CDBC913F225BFE71" box="[967,1101,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
that feed partially exposed, particularly on grasses and other monocotyledons. The caterpillars mostly have green bodies with longitudinal lines, and the pupae have similar colouring and a pointed frontal spike, which we have referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FF8BB118CB6B91F72372FE89" box="[1296,1380,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baorini">Baorini</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="5494D7F7FF8BB118CB1791F6238AFE89" box="[1388,1436,909,933]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">type</typeStatus>
pupae (Cock &amp; Congdon 2014). At the time we hesitated to suggest whether this was a conservative character or the result of convergent evolution to address a common problem; today we are more inclined to the later explanation. We have noted another example of convergent evolution that will obscure relationships between genera in this series of papers: the development of ‘counterfeit predator eyes’ on the heads of caterpillars and pupae which live in shelters and should gain some advantage by frightening small vertebrate predators (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FF8BB118CB73963B26C2F950" author="Janzen" pageId="43" pageNumber="246" refString="Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W. &amp; Burns, J. M. (2010) A tropical horde of counterfeit predator eyes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 11659 - 11665. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0912122107" type="journal article" year="2010">
Janzen 
<emphasis id="B95BB547FF8BB118CB1B963A2383F974" box="[1376,1429,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Thus natural selection will obscure phylogeny where selection acts to converge on particular models for life style reasons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>