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<document id="9948E5BD9DA2FA38E26B25DF7CD10E83" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2018-0001" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4586465" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614969889443" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cleal, Christopher J. &amp; Thomas, Barry A." docDate="2018" docId="03861853FFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFB11FD68" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.74.1-2.9-28.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 74 (1 - 2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sagenaria BRONGNIART" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFBF602BFFBCFFE8DA70F96EFFD5FF9F" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural Status Of The Palaeobotanical “ Artificial Taxa ” Established In Brongniart’S 1822 “ Classification ” Paper" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698881448928" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
<mods:mods id="12AE89812166E42079CFCBA5FED9973A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D8C552ADEFFB9DA81BD4A7EB5B3ED2F8">
<mods:title id="3EB04306C9BDB0A6B1C747005FBCD500">Nomenclatural Status Of The Palaeobotanical “ Artificial Taxa ” Established In Brongniart’S 1822 “ Classification ” Paper</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5E8E0E354ECD47D99B936C436D008969" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0F6D5EEC59D92E1B6EC423B1975EA5B5">
<mods:roleTerm id="E4ACD56863E25D4BB8C57DEBEE1F0663">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CB4BFA05417BCA9BD798DB8469962E40">Cleal, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="21013504437A7E00776AA6DB0D84C05C">Department of Biodiversity and Systematic Biology, National Museum Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF 10 3 NP, United Kingdom; e-mail: chris. cleal @ museumwales. ac. uk.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="10143A9F661A2ADBE6A65DB9427E39E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="924B4107C2FF70383D7FD67E464BE53F">
<mods:roleTerm id="BC76C409EBA29F214914BE9BD87AFC36">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DB6290592B1165EC458F6A98F5AC3304">Thomas, Barry A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7A394EBDEF0B0782B5FC31F589427291">Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY 201 NL, United Kingdom; e-mail: bat @ aber. ac. uk.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A1A2CDAEC1E4D60713B2BB8F7A765C43" type="email">bat@aber.ac.uk.</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7E23D6224FBF805FA282D16D5F0D4E0F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="23906E7EEAF76270720A8D156B2101D2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="52990D02E4DB702F77E9EFC5EAC78F07">
<mods:title id="FCB16122D91283CBB9A8443FAF708A65">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C1EC0996BB3BCF84B097F9FD60623B0D">
<mods:date id="CB90C31F0FACF4066CF203F68AA66131">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="35615A423963C45781112757A236D67A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="AF02F087308F10A7687210CFE3596491">2018-08-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1DE3F3E94634E99BF1E3794928778A77" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CF947D8CD2E2ADDE2F1C1D4C55CC8DB6">74</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3B78AAEFCF7CDC108F87CC46F1C02084" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6A35EB28607E135D17105F7BDDE31A55">1 - 2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D85927DA4D55E55C1537FA72E9AF3C91" unit="page">
<mods:start id="110C27F936991BF25BC190FA25ADC158">9</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4CCC88961F5ADE67B7B6513B72977E8D">28</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="178A2E3386C2B0E45A9E3A62C582BB97">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="60A81F64E0B2A1FDF511DAD4FF487486" type="DOI">10.2478/if-2018-0001</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5EA94FC1B5371A177F27EB1102ABA998" type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5F9600640FE8A8B20E4B3C93E9E68643" type="Zenodo-Dep">4586465</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03861853FFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFB11FD68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03861853FFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFB11FD68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03861853FFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFB11FD68" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="C335FACEFFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFD50FE92" box="[251,645,245,269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFD50FE92" blockId="6.[251,645,245,269]" box="[251,645,245,269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0D81E29FFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFD50FE92" box="[251,645,245,269]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFD50FE92" bold="true" box="[251,645,245,269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFE22FE94" authority="BRONGNIART" authorityName="BRONGNIART" box="[251,503,245,269]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDA8BF99BFEB9FE92" bold="true" box="[251,364,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Sagenaria</emphasis>
BRONGNIART
</taxonomicName>
nom. illegit.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335FACEFFBAFFEEDBF3F87BFB11FD68" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDBF3F87BFE28FEB2" blockId="6.[387,509,277,301]" box="[387,509,277,301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<figureCitation id="1314B5C0FFBAFFEEDBF3F87BFE28FEB2" box="[387,509,277,301]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[125,206,1872,1893]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Illustrations from Brongniart (1822a, b) of specimens that remain legitimate taxonomic types of fossil-species. All same scale as in original plate unless otherwise stated. a) Endongenites echinatus BRONGNIART, Eocene lignite, Vailly, near Soissons, France, × 0.5. b) Culmites nodosus BRONGNIART, Eocene Series, Montrouge near Paris, × 0.5. c) Sigillaria scutellata BRONGNIART, MNHN.F.1072.1, unknown locality. d) Clathraria brardii BRONGNIART (≡ Sigillaria brardii (BRONGNIART) BRONGNIART), Pennsylvanian Subsystem. e) Sagenaria coelata BRONGNIART (≡ Lepidodendron coelatum (BRONGNIART) BRONGNIART; = Lepidodendron aculeatum STERNBERG), Pennsylvanian Subsystem. f, j) Filicites (Sphenopteris) elegans BRONGNIART (≡ Sphenopteris elegans (BRONGNIART) STERNBERG), Wadenburg Formation (Serpukhovian Stage), Upper Silesia. g–i) Filicites (Pecopteris) penniformis BRONGNIART (≡ Pecopteris penniformis (BRONGNIART) BRONGNIART), Pennsylvanian Subsystem." pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Text-fig. 1e</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDAF1F82DFD9EFEC6" blockId="6.[129,640,323,374]" box="[129,587,323,345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
1820
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDABCF82DFE1FFEC8" authority="STERNBERG" authorityName="STERNBERG" box="[204,458,323,344]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDABCF82DFE8BFEC7" box="[204,350,323,344]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron</emphasis>
STERNBERG
</taxonomicName>
, p. 23 (pars).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDAF1F80FFD55FEE9" blockId="6.[129,640,323,374]" box="[129,640,352,374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
1822a
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDABCF80FFE72FEEB" authority="BRONGNIART" authorityName="BRONGNIART" box="[204,423,353,374]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDABCF80FFEFAFEE9" box="[204,303,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Sagenaria</emphasis>
BRONGNIART
</taxonomicName>
, p. 209 (nom. illegit.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDAD6F8E0FE60FDB9" blockId="6.[128,768,398,550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
Ty p e. Designated here.
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDBACF8E0FE5CFE59" authority="STERNBERG, 1820, p. 23" authorityName="STERNBERG" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="1820" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatum">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDBACF8E0FD2AFE39" box="[476,767,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron aculeatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDAF1F8C0FEE8FE59" author="Sternberg, K. M. von" box="[129,317,430,454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refId="ref20641" refString="Sternberg, K. M. von (1820): Versuch einer geognostischbotanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt, Vol. I. 1. - in Commission im Deutschen Museum, F. Fleischer, Leipzig, 24 pp." type="book" year="1820">STERNBERG, 1820</bibRefCitation>
, p. 23
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 6, fig. 2; pl. 8, fig. 1; Loc.: Radnice Member (upper Bashkirian Stage), Radnice, the
<collectingCountry id="F338E9D5FFBAFFEEDAF0F880FEFAFD99" box="[128,303,494,518]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
; photographically refigured by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEED8F0F880FEFDFDB9" author="Kvacek, J. &amp; Strakova, M." pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refId="ref18690" refString="Kvacek, J., Strakova, M. (1997): Catalogue of fossil plants described in works of Kaspar M. Sternberg. - National Museum, Prague, 201 pp." type="book" year="1997">Kvaček and Straková (1997</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 2, fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDAD6FB53FD28FDCB" blockId="6.[128,765,573,629]" box="[166,765,573,597]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDAF0FB33FE22FDEA" blockId="6.[128,765,573,629]" box="[128,503,605,629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
PFN000143 (for
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFBAFFEEDB47FB33FEB0FDEA" box="[311,357,605,629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
designation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDAD6FBE3FF0CFC9B" blockId="6.[128,768,652,772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">D i a g n o s i s. “Tiges sans articulations ni cannelures, couvertes de tubercles rhomboïdaux, coniques, disposes en quinconce, pourtant à leur sommet une impression en forme disque.”</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDAD6FA72FE1CFA6B" blockId="6.[128,768,795,2100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
D i s c u s s i o n.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDB13FA75FDE3FCAC" author="Brongniart, A." box="[355,566,795,819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">Brongniart (1822a)</bibRefCitation>
used this generic name for
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDA9DFA55FD2AFCCC" authority="STERNBERG, 1820" authorityName="STERNBERG" authorityYear="1820" box="[237,767,827,851]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Lepidotae">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDA9DFA55FE5AFCCC" box="[237,399,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDBA3FA55FDEBFCCC" box="[467,574,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidotae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEED838FA55FD2AFCCC" author="Sternberg, K. M. von" box="[584,767,827,851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refId="ref20641" refString="Sternberg, K. M. von (1820): Versuch einer geognostischbotanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt, Vol. I. 1. - in Commission im Deutschen Museum, F. Fleischer, Leipzig, 24 pp." type="book" year="1820">STERNBERG, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDAF8FA35FEF9FCEC" author="Sternberg, K. M. von" box="[136,300,859,883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refId="ref20641" refString="Sternberg, K. M. von (1820): Versuch einer geognostischbotanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt, Vol. I. 1. - in Commission im Deutschen Museum, F. Fleischer, Leipzig, 24 pp." type="book" year="1820">Sternberg 1820</bibRefCitation>
had illegitimately referred to these sections as “tribes”).
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDB66FA15FE3EFC0C" author="Brongniart, A." box="[278,491,891,915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">Brongniart (1822a)</bibRefCitation>
also included two new species within the genus: “
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDBD3FAF2FF17FC4C" authority="&quot; BRONGNIART, 1822 a" authorityName="&quot; BRONGNIART" authorityYear="1822" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coelata">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDBD3FAF2FDB3FC2C" box="[419,614,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Sagenaria coelata</emphasis>
”
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEED80AFAF2FF17FC4C" author="Brongniart, A." pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">BRONGNIART, 1822a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and “
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDB6DFAD2FD29FC4C" authority="&quot; BRONGNIART, 1822 a" authorityName="&quot; BRONGNIART" authorityYear="1822" box="[285,764,955,979]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophiurus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB6DFAD2FE2BFC4C" box="[285,510,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Sagenaria ophiurus</emphasis>
”
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEED86EFAD2FD29FC4C" author="Brongniart, A." box="[542,764,955,979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">BRONGNIART, 1822a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, these latter two names were probably not validly published here as they were unaccompanied by diagnoses; an illustration with a close-up of the shoot was given for
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDAF1FD52FF39FBCC" authorityName="&quot; BRONGNIART" authorityYear="1822" box="[129,236,1083,1107]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coelata">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDAF1FD52FF39FBCC" box="[129,236,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">S. coelata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but this does not show the diagnostic characters sufficiently to count as an “illustration with analysis” to validate the species epithet under ICN, Art. 38.7–9. The only previous proposal to typify
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDBACFDF2FD9FFB2C" box="[476,586,1180,1203]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDBACFDF2FD9FFB2C" box="[476,586,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Sagenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEED8EFFDF5FF1DFB4C" author="Andrews, H. N." pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 261" refId="ref14654" refString="Andrews, H. N. (1955): Index of generic names of fossil plants, 1820 - 1950. - US Geological Survey Bulletin, 1013: 1 - 261." type="journal article" year="1955">Andrews (1955)</bibRefCitation>
with “
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDB65FDD2FE55FB4C" authorityName="&quot; BRONGNIART" authorityYear="1822" box="[277,384,1211,1235]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coelata">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB65FDD2FE55FB4C" box="[277,384,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">S. coelata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” but this has to be rejected as that species was not validly published in 1822. A
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFBAFFEED805FDB5FD02FB6C" box="[629,727,1243,1267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDAF1FD92FF3AFA8C" box="[129,239,1276,1299]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDAF1FD92FF3AFA8C" box="[129,239,1276,1299]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Sagenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must therefore be selected from the species listed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDAD4FC75FE89FAAC" author="Sternberg, K. M. von" box="[164,348,1307,1331]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refId="ref20641" refString="Sternberg, K. M. von (1820): Versuch einer geognostischbotanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt, Vol. I. 1. - in Commission im Deutschen Museum, F. Fleischer, Leipzig, 24 pp." type="book" year="1820">Sternberg (1820)</bibRefCitation>
under
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDBDAFC75FD2CFAAC" authorityName="STERNBERG" authorityYear="1820" box="[426,761,1307,1331]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Lepidotae">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDBDAFC75FD99FAAC" box="[426,588,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED8FEFC75FD2CFAAC" box="[654,761,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as Brongniart was clearly (albeit indirectly) including them within the genus (ICN, Arts 10.2, 10.3). In order to simplify the situation, we designate here
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDB95FC15FEE6FA2B" authority="STERNBERG, 1820" authorityName="STERNBERG" authorityYear="1820" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatum">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB95FC15FD2AFA0C" box="[485,767,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron aculeatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDAF1FCF2FEE6FA2B" author="Sternberg, K. M. von" box="[129,307,1436,1460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refId="ref20641" refString="Sternberg, K. M. von (1820): Versuch einer geognostischbotanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt, Vol. I. 1. - in Commission im Deutschen Museum, F. Fleischer, Leipzig, 24 pp." type="book" year="1820">STERNBERG, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFBAFFEEDB24FCF5FE63FA2C" box="[340,438,1435,1459]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDBA7FCF2FD90FA2C" box="[471,581,1436,1459]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDBA7FCF2FD90FA2C" box="[471,581,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Sagenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– it is conspecific with one of the specimens illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEED843FCD5FD29FA4B" author="Brongniart, A." box="[563,764,1467,1492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">Brongniart (1822a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 12, fig, 6 ‒ as “
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDB35FCB2FE78FA6C" authorityName="&quot; BRONGNIART" authorityYear="1822" box="[325,429,1499,1523]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coelata">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB35FCB2FE78FA6C" box="[325,429,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">S. coelata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDAD6FC95FB4DFF4F" blockId="6.[128,768,795,2100]" lastBlockId="6.[843,1482,151,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDB40FC95FE07F98C" box="[304,466,1531,1555]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB40FC95FE07F98C" box="[304,466,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally based on external morphological characters of the stem as seen in adpressions and casts. However, subsequent work on coal ball specimens has resulted in the stems being subdivided into a number of other fossil-genera based on anatomical features, including
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDB15FFF5FD2EF92C" authority="DIMICHELE, 1985" authorityName="DIMICHELE" authorityYear="1985" box="[357,763,1691,1715]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Diaphorodendraceae" genus="Diaphorodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB15FFF5FDF1F92C" box="[357,548,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Diaphorodendron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEED847FFF2FD2EF92C" author="DiMichele, W. A." box="[567,763,1691,1715]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="453 - 458" refId="ref17245" refString="DiMichele, W. A. (1985): Diaphorodenron gen. nov. a segregate from Lepidodendron (Pennsylvannian Age). - Systematic Botany, 10: 453 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2419138" type="journal article" year="1985">DIMICHELE, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDAF0FFD2FD69F94B" authority="DIMICHELE et BATEMAN, 1992" authorityName="DIMICHELE et BATEMAN" authorityYear="1992" box="[128,700,1724,1748]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Diaphorodendraceae" genus="Synchysidendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDAF0FFD2FEE0F94B" box="[128,309,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Synchysidendron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDB3EFFD2FD69F94B" author="DiMichele, W. A. &amp; Bateman, R. M." box="[334,700,1724,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="605 - 617" refId="ref17289" refString="DiMichele, W. A., Bateman, R. M. (1992): Diaphorodendraceae, fam. nov. (Lycopsida: Carboniferous): systematics and evolutionary relationships of Diaphorodendron and Synchysidendron, gen. nov. - American Journal of Botany, 79: 605 - 617. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / j. 1537 - 2197.1992. tb 14602. x" type="journal article" year="1992">DIMICHELE et BATEMAN, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDAF1FFB2FD5EF96B" authority="BATEMAN et DIMICHELE, 1991" authorityName="BATEMAN et DIMICHELE" authorityYear="1991" box="[129,651,1756,1780]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Hizemodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDAF1FFB2FEFFF96B" box="[129,298,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Hizemodendron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDB49FFB2FD5EF96B" author="Bateman, R. M. &amp; DiMichele, W. A." box="[313,651,1756,1780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="195 - 205" refId="ref14939" refString="Bateman, R. M., DiMichele, W. A. (1991): Hizemodendron, gen. nov., a pseudoherbaceous segregate of Lepidodendron (Pennsylvanian): Phylogenetic context for evolutionary changes in lycopsid growth and architecture. - Systematic Botany, 16: 195 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2418983" type="journal article" year="1991">BATEMAN et DIMICHELE, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A fourth fossil-genus was recognised on anatomical characteristics in coal ball fossils, based round the species
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEED82DFE72FE8AF8CB" authority="WATSON, 1907" authorityName="WATSON" authorityYear="1907" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hickii">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED82DFE72FF69F8CB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron hickii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDAB3FE52FE8AF8CB" author="Watson, D. M. S." box="[195,351,1852,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refId="ref21357" refString="Watson, D. M. S. (1907): On a confusion of two species (Lepidodendron Harcourtii Witham and L. Hickii sp. nov.) under L. Harcourtii Witham in Williamson's XIX Memoir; with a description of L. Hickii sp. nov. - Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 51 (3, 13): 22 pp." type="book" year="1907">WATSON, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDB1AFE52FDFEF8CB" author="DiMichele, W. A." box="[362,555,1852,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="317 - 333" refId="ref17205" refString="DiMichele, W. A. (1983): Lepidodendron hickii and generic delimitation in Carboniferous lepidodendrid lycopods. - Systematic Botany, 8: 317 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2418485" type="journal article" year="1983">DiMichele (1983)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEED8D7FE52FD2AF8CB" authorityName="WATSON" authorityYear="1907" box="[679,767,1852,1876]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hickii">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED8D7FE52FD2AF8CB" box="[679,767,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">L. hickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has deep ligule pits and infrafoliar parichnos, with the larger cushions having a relatively broad lower surface and a low keel with plications, and is very similar to the leaf cushions of the
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFBAFFEEDAB2FED2FF25F84B" box="[194,240,1980,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDB14FED2FDD3F84B" box="[356,518,1980,2004]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB14FED2FDD3F84B" box="[356,518,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the adpression species
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDAF0FEB2FEDAF86B" box="[128,271,2012,2036]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatum">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDAF0FEB2FF5AF86C" box="[128,143,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDAD0FEB2FEDAF86B" box="[160,271,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">aculeatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEEDB59FEB2FD14F86C" author="Bateman, R. M. &amp; DiMichele, W. A." box="[297,705,2011,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="195 - 205" refId="ref14939" refString="Bateman, R. M., DiMichele, W. A. (1991): Hizemodendron, gen. nov., a pseudoherbaceous segregate of Lepidodendron (Pennsylvanian): Phylogenetic context for evolutionary changes in lycopsid growth and architecture. - Systematic Botany, 16: 195 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2418983" type="journal article" year="1991">Bateman and DiMichele (1991: 195)</bibRefCitation>
went further and stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDB1DFE92FE11F78B" authorityName="WATSON" authorityYear="1907" box="[365,452,2044,2068]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hickii">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB1DFE92FEA9F78C" box="[365,380,2044,2067]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDBF9FE92FE11F78B" box="[393,452,2044,2068]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">hickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the anatomically preserved equivalent of
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDB65F172FE77F7AB" box="[277,418,2076,2100]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatum">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB65F172FEF1F7AC" box="[277,292,2076,2099]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDB43F172FE77F7AB" box="[307,418,2076,2100]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">aculeatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and as a consequence,
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEED8D7F172FD2AF7AB" authorityName="WATSON" authorityYear="1907" box="[679,767,2076,2100]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hickii">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED8D7F172FD2AF7AB" box="[679,767,2076,2100]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">L. hickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would have to be regarded as a later heterotypic synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEED93BF9D7FC03FF4F" box="[843,982,184,208]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatum">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED93BF9D7FC03FF4F" box="[843,982,184,208]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">L. aculeatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and so supressed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEED901F9B6FB11FD68" blockId="6.[843,1482,151,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
This more refined generic classification undoubtedly provides a better systematic resolution of the anatomically preserved fossils but there are problems when trying to use it with the more commonly found adpressions and casts of the stems. One of the characters used for distinguishing these fossil-genera (the presence or absence of infrafoliar parichnos) can sometimes be recognised in adpressions and casts, but relying entirely on just this one feature as a diagnostic feature may give a false impression of certainty with such fossils and make comparisons much more difficult (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEED9DEFB73FB57FDAA" author="Laveine, J. - P. &amp; Zhang, S. Z. &amp; Liu, L. J. &amp; Gu, F. B. &amp; Liu, Y. A. &amp; Wen, J. G. &amp; Lemoigne, Y." box="[942,1154,541,565]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="567 - 651" refId="ref19065" refString="Laveine, J. - P., Zhang, S. Z., Liu, L. J., Gu, F. B., Liu, Y. A., Wen, J. G., Lemoigne, Y. (2003): The Late Carboniferous floras of the Delingha area (Wulan County, Qinghai Province, Northwest China). - Revue de Paleobiologie, 22: 567 - 651." type="journal article" year="2003">Laveine et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
). In our view, a better solution is to have separate taxonomies for the adpressions / casts and for the anatomically preserved fossils. Since the
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFBAFFEEDFECFB30FA1FFDE9" box="[1436,1482,606,630]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEED91AFB10FBD9FD09" box="[874,1036,638,662]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED91AFB10FBD9FD09" box="[874,1036,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an adpression, that name should only be used for such fossils, and an alternative generic name is needed for the group of anatomically-preserved species centred on “
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEED9BDFB8EFBBAFD67" box="[973,1135,736,760]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED9BDFB8EFBBAFD67" box="[973,1135,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lepidodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEEDEF2FB8EFB68FD67" authorityName="WATSON" authorityYear="1907" box="[1154,1213,736,760]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hickii">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEEDEF2FB8EFB68FD67" box="[1154,1213,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">hickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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