325 lines
40 KiB
XML
325 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685373" ID-ZooBank="FE36A1C1-8F8C-4B27-A35E-C4FCF35473FA" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1677571386193" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prado, Guilherme C. & Ferreira, Rodrigo L." docDate="2023" docId="871DB575FFE2FFF0A4ABB4B0FBFAFCAC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5249.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5249 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudochthonius pali Prado & Ferreira 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="7B24CD0DFFE9FFFFA43CB20AFFC1FFF1" masterDocTitle="Three new troglobitic species of Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="92" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1677601474524" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new troglobitic species of Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prado, Guilherme C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-9612-9906</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CEP 37200 - 900, Brazil. prado. gpc. 99 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9612 - 9906</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">prado.gpc.99@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ferreira, Rodrigo L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-9612-9906</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CEP 37200 - 900, Brazil. prado. gpc. 99 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9612 - 9906 & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3288 - 4405</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">prado.gpc.99@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5249</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>92</mods:start>
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<mods:end>110</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7685373</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FE36A1C1-8F8C-4B27-A35E-C4FCF35473FA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685311" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:871DB575FFE2FFF0A4ABB4B0FBFAFCAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/871DB575FFE2FFF0A4ABB4B0FBFAFCAC" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection box="[151,514,1722,1749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,514,1722,1749]" box="[151,514,1722,1749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,514,1722,1749]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,514,1722,1749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,413,1722,1749]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pali" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,413,1722,1749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">Pseudochthonius pali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[420,514,1722,1748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1794,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,1794,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-09-22" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L Ferreira" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.628314" location="Gruna do Google Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.81362" municipality="Serra do Ramalho" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[391,495,1794,1821]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">
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<typeStatus box="[391,495,1794,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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male (ISLA 100992), preserved in ethanol:
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<collectingCountry box="[989,1060,1794,1820]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1071,1276,1794,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">Serra do Ramalho</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1287,1355,1794,1820]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:871DB575FFE2FFF0A4ABB4B0FBFAFCAC:0A6B52B8FFE2FFF4A16AB508FE90F8B1" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.628314" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.81362" municipality="Serra do Ramalho" name="Gruna do Google Cave" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Bahia">Gruna do Google Cave</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[354,522,1830,1856]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" precision="1" seconds="41.93" value="-13.628314">13º37’41.93”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[535,715,1830,1856]" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" precision="1" seconds="49.04" value="-43.81362">43º48’49.04”W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<date box="[736,960,1830,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" value="2021-09-22">
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<collectingDate box="[736,960,1830,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" value="2021-09-22">22 September 2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, leg.
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<collectionCode box="[1023,1043,1831,1857]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName box="[1047,1165,1830,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">L Ferreira</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-09-22" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L Ferreira" country="Iceland" latitude="-13.628314" location="Gruna do Google Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.81362" municipality="Serra do Ramalho" pageId="11" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="allotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1178,1273,1830,1857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">
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<typeStatus box="[1178,1273,1830,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">Allotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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female (
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<collectingCountry box="[1374,1437,1830,1856]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">ISLA</collectingCountry>
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100993), same data as holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1794,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,1902,1928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Páli (from Greek “πάλη”) can be translated as “fight, battle”, and represents the recent fight of the Brazilian speleology community in favor of cave preservation and against the recent presidential decree that allowed the destruction of maximum relevance caves in
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<collectingCountry box="[880,953,1974,2000]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="103">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. This noun should be treated as noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,150,213]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Differing from the other members of the genus by the following combination of characters: Absence of eyes or eyespots; carapace with a strong posterior constriction;
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<emphasis box="[891,1048,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">ist–est/ist–esb</emphasis>
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trichobothria ratio of 2.46 (2.77); chelal fixed finger with 34 (39) acute teeth with heterodonty starting from the 10
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<superScript attach="left" box="[1064,1077,1959,1973]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">th</superScript>
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proximal tooth, chelal movable finger with 36 (38) small and retrorse teeth; cheliceral fixed finger with 9 (11) spaced and regular teeth, movable finger with 9 (12) teeth, with no constrictions or distal isolated teeth; presence of two and four setae on the first and second tergites, respectively; trichobothria
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<emphasis box="[639,701,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">est, it</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[757,777,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">et</emphasis>
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grouped; body length of 1.33 (1.70) mm; chela 5.9 to 6.5 times as long as broad.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685395/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" startId="12.[152,255,1908,1932]" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1885]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,1908,1969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,281,1908,1932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[289,509,1908,1932]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pali" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[289,509,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Pseudochthonius pali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[517,623,1908,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[517,599,1909,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A
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</emphasis>
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Google cave region. Satellite view
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[993,1010,1909,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">B</emphasis>
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Google cave general aspect
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1307,1325,1908,1932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
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Live male holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[246,264,1945,1969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
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Live female paratype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685400" box="[152,1374,1853,1877]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685400/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="105" startId="13.[152,255,1853,1877]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,1827]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[152,1374,1853,1877]" box="[152,1374,1853,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,293,1853,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
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Ecological impacts to the subterranean habitat
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[774,792,1853,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
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Deforestation near cave entrance
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1154,1853,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
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Vegetal coal furnace.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,258,284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Description</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[355,484,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-51@12.[151,1436,237,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Google cave region. Satellite view B Google cave general aspect C Live male holotype D Live female paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685395/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Figs 9C–D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[499,548,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1242,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-514@14.[151,1436,1242,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. New species habitus. A Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. paratype habitus. B Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. paratype habitus C Pseudochthonius koinopoliteia sp. nov. holotype habitus. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685402/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">11B</figureCitation>
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). Body pale yellowish, very translucent; chelicerae slightly orange, abdomen beige. Vestitural setae thin and anteriorly projected on prosoma and posteriorly projected on opisthosoma.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
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Carapace (
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<figureCitation box="[319,408,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
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). 1.09 (1.05) times longer than broad, strongly constricted posteriorly showing a difference between ocular width and posterior width of 0.11 (0.15) mm (
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<figureCitation box="[871,962,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
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); anterior margin all serrated; no eyes or eyespots; epistome strongly dentate and saw-like (ranging to lateral setae); posterior margin of carapace smooth; chaetotaxy 4+2: 4: 4: 2: 2 (18).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
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Chelicera (
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<figureCitation box="[324,452,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,327,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-334@3.[151,1436,327,1526]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM images of the new species A P. pali sp. nov. right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view B P. pali sp. nov. left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view C P. diamachi sp. nov. coxae region of the paratype D P. koinopoliteia sp. nov. right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view E P. koinopoliteia sp. nov. left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view F P. diamachi sp. nov. detail of coxal spines of the paratype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.4 mm (C); 0.1 mm (D–E); 0.05 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685377/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[466,501,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">8B</figureCitation>
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). Hand with 5 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta and fixed finger; galea present as a smooth hump; fixed finger with 9 (11) well-defined acute teeth; movable finger with 9 (12) well-defined acute teeth; rallum with 7 blades, serrula exterior with 14 blades, serrula interior with 10 blades.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Tergites. Not divided; surface smooth; chaetotaxy uniseriate, I–XI 2: 4: 4: 4: 6: 6: 6: 4: 6: 2: 2 + 2 sensory setae. Anal operculum without dorsal setae. Pleural membranes striate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
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Coxae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[286,416,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Figs 8A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Manducatory process with two apical setae, lateral ones slightly smaller than medial; rest of palp coxae with 3 setae arranged in a triangle; delicate lamellae outlined by 9 small spines. Pedal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1330,1424,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
): coxal spines plumose (highly dentated), arranged in a single transverse row in coxae I (3–5) and II (5–6) ((
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1335,1422,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
||
), chaetotaxy: I 4+1, II 4 (5), III 7–8, IV 8 (9); intercoxal tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" box="[199,1406,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Genital operculum of female: 9 setae distributed in three horizontal rows: 2: 3: 4, genital opening not clearly bifurcated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Genital operculum of male (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[517,607,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
): anterior margin of operculum with 8 discal setae distributed marginally; six valvular setae on each side of the opening; 4 surrounding setae and 3-2(5) microlateral setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1239,1329,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" box="[199,1212,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Sternites: chaetotaxy IV‒XI: 10: 8: 8: 8: 8: 6: 4: 2. Anal operculum with two ventral setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Palp (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[263,370,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Figs 8F, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Trochanter 1.67 times longer than wide, femur 5.65 (5.71) times longer than wide, patella 2.22 (2.23) times longer than wide. Femoral chaetotaxy 5: 6: 3: 5: 2. Trichobothrial pattern:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1123,1145,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">ib</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1198,1231,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">isb</emphasis>
|
||
located at the half portion of the hand proximad to a tiny hump (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[667,745,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8I</figureCitation>
|
||
), adjacent to each other,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1026,1052,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">eb</emphasis>
|
||
proximad to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1203,1240,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">esb</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1255,1281,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">ist</emphasis>
|
||
distad to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1392,1429,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">esb</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,167,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">it</emphasis>
|
||
between
|
||
<emphasis box="[275,306,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">est</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[361,381,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">et</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[396,416,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">et</emphasis>
|
||
proximad from
|
||
<emphasis box="[600,626,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">dx</emphasis>
|
||
and distad to
|
||
<emphasis box="[785,801,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">it</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[816,842,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">ist</emphasis>
|
||
closer to
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,990,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">esb</emphasis>
|
||
than to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1083,1114,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">est</emphasis>
|
||
(ratio distance
|
||
<emphasis box="[1288,1436,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">ist-est/ist-esb</emphasis>
|
||
= 2.46 [2.77]). Fixed finger slightly sigmoid; movable finger slightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1029,1108,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chelal fixed finger with 34 (39) acute, triangular, and widely spaced teeth, with heterodonty starting from the 10
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1114,1127,1122,1136]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">th</superScript>
|
||
teeth. Movable finger with 36 (38) small and projected backwards teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1221]" box="[199,785,1195,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Leg IV (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[294,381,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,180,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-213@11.[151,1436,168,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Male holotype palp and pedal coxae B Left chelicera of male holotype, antiaxial view C Carapace of male holotype D Leg I of male holotype E Leg IV of male holotype F Pedipalp femur of male holotype, dorsal view G Detail of coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines H Male holotype genitalia I Right Chela of holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.25 mm (C–F); 0.1 mm (G–H); 0.5 mm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arolia slightly smaller than claws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685402/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" startId="14.[152,255,1841,1865]" targetBox="[151,1436,1242,1815]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,1841,1902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,293,1841,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
New species habitus.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,540,1841,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[547,821,1841,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[547,821,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Pseudochthonius diamachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[829,912,1841,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[829,906,1841,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
paratype habitus.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1101,1118,1841,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[1126,1345,1841,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pali" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1126,1345,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Pseudochthonius pali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1353,1436,1841,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1353,1429,1841,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
paratype habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[324,342,1877,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[349,662,1877,1901]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koinopoliteia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[349,662,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Pseudochthonius koinopoliteia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[668,750,1877,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[668,744,1877,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype habitus. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1147,1165,1877,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1279,1327,1877,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">B–C</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,1978,2041]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,150,861]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Measurements (length/width or depth in mm and ratios in parenthesis calculated by using three significant digits): Male
|
||
<typeStatus box="[301,399,2014,2040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(female
|
||
<typeStatus box="[498,605,2015,2041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in brackets). Body length 1.33 [1.70]. Carapace 0.42/0.39 (1.1) [0.49/0.46 (1.1)]. Palps: trochanter 0.20/0.12 (1.7) [0.22/0.13 (1.7)], femur 0.63/0.11 (5.7) [0.74/0.13 (5.7)], patella 0.28/0.13 (2.2) [0.31/0.14 (2.2)], chela 0.87/0.13 (6.5) [0.98/0.17 (5.9)], movable finger length 0.58 [0.64]. Leg I: trochanter 0.14/0.10 (1.4) [0.15/0.11 (1.4)], femur 0.34/0.07 (5.2) [0.39/0.07 (5.5)], patella 0.18/0.05 (3.6) [0.2/0.06 (3.6)], femur/patella 1.9 [2.0], tibia 0.19/0.04 (4.7) [0.22/0.04 (5.0)], tarsus 0.35/0.03 (10.2) [0.41/0.04 (10.2)]. Leg IV: Trochanter: 0.12/0.11 (1.2) [0.16/0.12 (1.3)], femur + patella 0.5/0.19 (2.7) [0.6/0.21 (2.8)], tibia 0.31/0.08 (3.9) [0.37/0.09 (4.2)], basitarsus 0.17/0.06 (2.9) [0.22/0.06 (3.6)], telotarsus 0.36/0.04 (9.9) [0.42/0.04 (10.6)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,446,366,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Ecological Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[615,859,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pali" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[615,859,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Pseudochthonius pali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[866,957,367,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[866,957,367,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were found in the Gruna do Google cave, located in Serra do Ramalho municipality, southwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[775,900,403,429]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Bahia state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[910,982,403,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This cave has 1.230 meters of horizontal projection, with a single entrance, which represents a sinkhole (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[878,970,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-51@12.[151,1436,237,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Google cave region. Satellite view B Google cave general aspect C Live male holotype D Live female paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685395/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is an intermittent drainage in the external landscape, which drains to the cave entrance. Hence, a huge amount of sediment and organic matter are seasonally carried to the cave demanding periodic debris removal in order to access inner conduits. The conduits are predominantly wide, and moistened sediments cover the floor (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[917,1007,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-51@12.[151,1436,237,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Google cave region. Satellite view B Google cave general aspect C Live male holotype D Live female paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685395/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The majority of the main conduit is seasonally flooded, and the main organic resource observed is plant-decaying material. The specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[1326,1397,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pali" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1326,1397,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">P. pali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="15" pageNumber="107" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were found walking freely on the floor (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[661,787,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-51@12.[151,1436,237,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. A Google cave region. Satellite view B Google cave general aspect C Live male holotype D Live female paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685395/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Figs 9C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) situated in an upper chamber located laterally in relation to the main cave conduit, at about 600 meters from the entrance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">This cave has only been visited by speleologists since its discovery, due to the difficult access to its inner portions, which leads to a quite preserved interior. Nonetheless, since it receives a huge contribution of external sediments brought by water, an apparent silting was observed along the main conduit of the cave. However, contrary to the observations for the other two caves herein described, the external landscape surrounding the cave (especially upstream) is slightly modified, and a secondary forest predominates along the area.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |